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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 19, 1885)
'.I AMERICAN PEARLS. w Tay Ar Obtalawl from the Lewer California ttsherle. Most of the valuable gems found ia the fisheries of Baja California have been sent to Paris, the great pearl mar ket of the world. About all the com-, petition that exists is confined to a few French houses, which have agents at La Paz, who buy up the stones as fast a found. It seems a strange indiffer ence on the part of the United States to treasures so easily within her reach, not to mention the merchants of England and Gcrmauy, that France is permitted to secure all these gems for a nominal sum. and then sell them again to these same countries at an enormous ad vance. .It is difficult to approximate the value of the Gulf of California fisheries, be cause the fishers themselves place a mere nominal value on the pearls in their consular Invoice before sending them to Europe. Thus a superb gem. which may sell for 8500 when first torm from the red hand of the coral reef, will bring in Paris from $3,000 tto $3,000. Yet. with the haphazard policy that has always prevailed, the annual Jrield of the gulf beds is estimated at not ess than $2.10,000 worth, while five times that amount would mora fitly rep resent the real value of the pearls as aold in Kurojie. The frequent occur rence of black pearls in these fisheries has given them unusual importance, those gems being now the rage on the Continent, to be worn "by people in mourning. Rare and beautiful pink pearls are also occasionally brought up. more valuable than diamonds of equal rA - sjize. During the year 1883 several not able specimens were found. Among them was a light-brown pearl, flecked witu darker shades, which weighed sixty-five karats, its estimated value being $8,000. It was" brought up bv Manuel Urbauo. and purchased by the pearl firm of Gouilcs & Huflb. who sent it to Paris. Another, -found by Xapoleom Savin, was pear-shaoed, white, shot with dark specks. It weighed forty four karats, and sold for S7.500. At the same time Messrs. Pablo, Hidalgo fc Co., pearl merchants of La Paz, ecu red another eni from some un known Iudiau diver for which they paid $10 aud received $5,500 for it in France. It was oval shape, of a light sandy color, perfect in " contour and brilliaut in luster, weighing thirty-two karats. That lucky diver. Savin, found two other treasures last year, weighing respectively forty -live and thirty-one karats, which together, because of their surprising luster, brought $11,000. But the most famous treasure of all was secured years ago near Loreto by a Mexican diver, who came up into the sunshine with the loveliest gem of the sea grasped in his dusky hand, a per fect pearl, weighing 100 karats, which aiay to-day be seen iu the royal crown of Isabel the Catholic The profit of the fisheries is by no means limited to the pearls them selves. The shells are also coveted, the poorest selling upon the spot 5or from 8 to 12 cents per pound, while in Europe, where the lining of the shells is worked into buttons and knife handles, thev brinyr from 20 to 'M cents per pound. Many of shells' are shinned to San the larger Francisco, they find to $5 per where, as mother-of-pearl, ready sale at from $1.50 pound. For centuries the Gulf coast has been noted for its couchological beauties, but the shells of the pearl fisheries are most highly prized, some of 'them being fully fifteen inches wide, and marve'ously "beautiful when pol ished. One may find them for sale in the San Francisco shops for fabulous prices, with bird, flowers or land scapes elaborately carved upon them. The meat of the pearl oysters, though unsalable in the American market, is also made a source of profit, being readily bought by Chinamen, who dry the leathery little bivalves, or seal them up in cans and send them to their brethren in China or iu San Francisco. Those scions of the Flowery Kingdom, who reside in great numbers around the gulf, are never employed as divers, but are engaged iuthe un-avory occupation of digging and shipping guano from wave-washed caves and rock-bound coasts, where sea-birds have been de- Eositing it fur couture. It is a well nown faet thai tearls are sometimes produced by means that are partly arti ficial, especially in the Japanese fisher ies. That gem of purest ray serene so prized by admirers of precious stones in all ages of the world, is but the result of some Ics'on sutlered by the oyster, its solidified tear of suffering. Hence an injury is often purposely inflicted br introducing be.wceu the shells a small stone cr shot or bit of gravel, and then the oysters are again put to bed. This process is said to be successful iu pro ducing great quantities of pearls, but those thus torni-d are inferior in luster and loss desirable for marketable pur poses. No such attempts have been made in the Mexican fisheries, for those supplied by nature are Miflicieutly nu merous. San Francisco Cor. X. Y. Sun. THE SUICIDE MANIA. More Live Lost by Si:-SUu-klrr Taaa by A nr Otltrr SI H (Tic Cams. Disastrous as the present year prom ises to be to human life, it is questiona ble whether it-; record will not event ually show that more lives have been lost by .suicide than by am lbersiugle cau6e, so far at least as this country is concerned. Human life i not only held cheap b the lower and more brutal elements of society, but the regard for it seems to have lowered so rapidly that self-murder is now perpetrated upon the slightest provocation aud for rea sons which sometimes are absurd and often grotesque. It Is never possible to obtain the exact number of Miicides ac complished in a i-crtaiu time, as many of them arc nol reported, but an ap proximate idea of their rapid increase may be obtained from the number re ported by telegraph, aud these, since the lit of lat .lunu ry. foot up three hundred and seventy-eight, which is nearly a hundred more than were re ported for the first live months of last year, or for "many years previously. These self-murder.; are not confined by any means to unknown people. On the other hand, among the prominent persons who hav shu.Ued off the mortal coil by their own hands this year arc three bankers, three city officials nine merchants, three postmasters, three clergymen, two lawyers, three college professors, two dentists, two editors, and one jude, actor, physician, artist and army olliccr. Melancholia is the most common came, and ne.t, in this order named, come unknown reasons, insanity, "disappointed, love, domestic infelicity, liquor, ill health and business losses. Thore is a general impression that women are more addicted to suicide than men, but such is not the case. Of the three hundred aad seventr-cight instances reported above, two hundred and ninety-four were sea. and the same proportion holds good year "by year. Au analysis of the causes which have led to suicide shows some curious facts. A boot seventeen recently committed suicide' because his father reprimanded him. He took poison ia a barn, and one of his father 8 em ployes, seeing hinitommit the fatal act procured poison .aad-killed himself be fore night aba ' A boy of fourteen at Ifouat Carroll in this State hanged him self because his mother Jtold him he must take 'medicine. A studenjt ia St. Loais suicided because he failed to pass examination sat admission tatae Medical College. A boy of fourteen at Rockford im this State read of a suicide and then took Us life in the same maner. Large numbers of billy young people have killed themselves because their parents would not allow them to marry as they wished. While the majority of deaths have been those of very young persons, no age is exempt from the craze, for Elizabeth Bowy, of Falmouth, Ky., without any apparent reason, barred the doors and windows, set her house afire, and was burned to tfeath, while another very old woman in New York, in a fit of passion with one of her neighbors, poured kerosene over her bed, touched it oil with a match aud then deliberately threw herself into the burning clothes. What sadder case can be found than that of George W. Tripp. of Freeport, J5. Y., an old man of sev-eatv-nine, who, when he was told that his wife, with whom he had lived hap pily over fifty years, could not live, went out and hanged himself in the barn, leav-in-behind him only these words: -Mother wiTl die and leave'me alone. I can not bear it" It is a curious phase of the suicide mania that it goes over the country iu waves. The recent sad suicide i.t a young lady at Rockford. III., by drown ing has been followed by several other oases of a similar character, two cf which grew out of reading the accounts of her death. The latest victims amon these young girls are Nellie Caufield. a grandniece of Abraham Lincoln, who shot herself at a female seaiinarv at Belleville. N. J., and Miss Hattie Bedient, the daughter of a farmer at Hornby, N. Y.. who killed herself at the Grand Union Hotel. New York. It is state 1 by the New York World that her suicide has served to disclose the startling fact that at the present time there are ten young girls missing within a radius of a few miles from thai city. The general cause which l'cs behind these suicides is surely worthy of study by the social philosophers, for the dis ease appears to be gi owing epidemic :n its character. It is certainly worth while to consider what argument? can be used to prevent a mau under the in fluence of extreme melancholy from taking his life. If the instinct of self preservation is the strongest implanted in our nature it would be eauallv well to consider why it is that scores of boys and girls, to whom life is specially dear, kill tnemsclves for the most trivial rea sons. It is becoming a very sinister phase of modern society, and one which is not considered enough. It would be well to know whether ttie race is declin ing morally as well as physically, and if so what remedies can be applied to strengthen these weaker specimens. It would h( a. fruitful tone also for the i pulpit to exanrne with reference to de ciding whether the growth- or ma terialism and the'eonse jueut dissipation of any fears for the hereafter, such as troubled Hamlet, have anything to do with it. Chicago Tribune OLD-FASHIONED WHIPPING. The OaaUflcaUont or a Public Teacher iu the Far Wait. School A teacher, whose school was in the far West, furnishes the following ac count of his examination by the director of the district: "You ever graddyated?" "No, sir." "Glad of it! Graddyatcs don't half of 'em know beans when their head's in the bag. Ever studied "stronomy?" "No, sir. never." "Big fool if you had. Ever go nosing round studyin the flory of a country bottomy. they call it?" "Never, sir." "You couldn't teach young uns o' mine if you hcd. They was a crank here onct tryin' to make us b'leeve they was scch things ez male and female plants. Must o' thought we hadn't lo sense. Do you go much on grammar?' "I think it a very useful study." " think It a pack o' stuff and clut terbosh! Don't eallate. tcr hev my boys an' gals talk by rule an' rote, an' min citC things up tel thoy aint no sense it. 'em. Do you fool ' w a' much time on fo.-nology?" "Physiology? Yes: I think jt an ex cellent thing for boys aud-f-jjirjs to study." " t "Well. 1 aiut so awfully set agin that I reckon it's a good thing ter know what ter do when one busts a blood-vessel or breaks a leg. 'Taint much use to gals, though. They would do nothin' but set up a yell in either dileininy, not if they was chock full o' fcenology. Do you go any on what they call tizzognony?" "I do not teach it." "Ye hadn't better. A man did once. He boarded with me fust week, an' I ketched him up on his fizzognomy. My woman had fell down sullar an' raised a tumble bump on her head. I got this smarty to mappiu' out her karac ter from her bumps, an' he said the welt she got fallin1 was combative ness ouusually developed. He meant fightiu' stren'th. W'y, she could o' whaled a lion ef it hed been so, an' here .she's so delikit it clean tuckers 'er out ter hoi' up the liind eend o' the waggin when I'm a-tarrin' of it. Kin yon spell cleau through the dictionary?1' ,- ."No, 'sir. I am not a'good r speller. V aHaint? Better brush up thar then, or some o' our youngsters'A down ye. That's their main holt. How are yon on tiggers?1' "Very good, I think. I can teach anvthying you would care to have taught here, even to higher algebra." "Algebray! we aint no use for alge bray here! Some men blat 'wav 'bout a ekallin' b or x, who couldn't say the multiplication table backwards ter save 'em. Could you haul off yer coat an' vest, crack yer fists, an' lam a six footer of a youngster cf he was ter bo sassy at ye?" "f would try to punish a very re bellious boy." "Well. I'll give ye a chance. We b'leeve iu good old-fashioned corp'ral whalin' here. No soft-sawderin' '11 do instid of it Learn tbe youngsters good hoss-sense, an' do 'way with all fol-de-rol. Learn 'cm the "vally o' t'me an' money, an' how to figger, write, read an' spell, an' then turu 'em loose to paddle their own canoe, sez L' Youth's Comptnion. HE JUMPED. X Detroit Mas Who Brat the Chap That Leaped f.jiu the Brooklyn Bridge. "Heard of Odium, haven't you?" he asked, as he entered an office on the Fourth floor of a Griswold street block. "The jumper?" "Yes; the chap that jumped freai the bridjje and met his death." "Well?" "Well, I'm a better jumper than Odium ever was, and I came hen to jump from your big bridge." "But we haven't any." "Yes; I learned the fact only after my arrival.'' "I sec And vou are dead broke?" "Well, you might call it that, and In ease you felt like" "Yes; I feel likje. 1 always feel like. Come out here!" The jumper followed him out into the hall, and the gentleman drew back hit right leg. pointed to the stairs aadsaii: "Beat Odium!" "You bet!" chirruped the stranger, and he landed on the seventh step, turned over and reached the landing right side up. made a bow to the audi ence and turned the corner. Detroit Free Press. Mr. Martin F. Tapper, the author. of "Proverbial Philosophy," appeals to the American public for moaey. Ha ays he'aever had any profit from the American edition of his works. He it aa wril of aii his readea. JIT. Y. lYwe. ?$ JuraL I SWINCSKITTLKS. Am Old KaffUsh Game Ita AdoptUa la Germany. The good old English game of skit tles, perhaps from its being constantly associated with the idea of beer, ranks somewhat low.among popular amuse ments; its chief votaries will be found among the frequenters of suburban tea gardens or of roadside public houses. It is useful in its way as providing op portunities for the display of a certain amount of address, combined with more or less physical exercise, accord ing to the energy of the players; but there is a general" roughness and want of nicety about the game which will account 'for its not having made its way into favor as an adjunct to our country house gardens, especially as these defects render it iH adapted for the gentler sex. The American form of the game, the bowling or ten-pin alley, is a very great improvement The" necessity for physical strength is reduced, while that "for skill is in creased, thereby making it better adapted for both sexes; but it must be played indoors, or at all events in a covered alley, in order to prevent the "table" from being damaged by exposure to the weather; and, moreover, the weight of tbe balls and tbe length of the ground render the construction of this "table" somewhat costly. Further, it is almost impossi ble to play for any length of time with out bavins: a boy constantly at the end of the alley to pick up the pins and send back the balls to the players. In Southern Germany a different form of the game is verymuch in vogue; the ball, instead of being bowled, is swung by a rope suspended fisam a sort of gallows, and thus returns by its own momentum to the player's hand after every stroke. Nothing in the way of a "table" is required beyond a small square frame on which the pins stand, and this may be made of stone or of wood sufficiently strong to defy the weather. The pins and all the aijuuets of the game can be made by any ordi nary village carpenter and may be left outof doors during the whole summer without taking any damage. A very small space is required, a plot of grouud twenty-four feet long with a breadth of sixteen feet being amply sufficient; thus there is scarcely" any garden in which a corner might not be found with room enough. This game is to be seen in the gardens of almost every "Wirthschaft," in the Black Forest gardens that differ very much from those of our public houses in that they are frequented and civilized by the presence of the wives and daughters of the 'men of the lower and middle; classes, who after working hours pml the long summer evenings in these r sorts. Mauy of the hotels have onejjf these skittlegrounds attached to them in some shady nook, adding muchto the attractions of the lazy life of anfen forced sojourn at a German Bad; ''and they are frequently also to be seen iu the gardens of " private residences, showing that the game is by no means practiced only by the lower elites. It has been long .known in England on the toy and miniature scale3nd has even in its fullni&s been sometimes im ported here by seme of thoswho have found it an agreeable pastime in Ger- raanv: and wherever it nrmvoeen intro duced it has metHvithKvor in the neighborhood. London aturday Iie- view. ALCOHOLIC WG ARIES. Satl Sight Seen by an ut ia a Large uoapjeai. - At one of the may ho 9 k Hals iu this city, which has been poii with the netter class oi people as a for a few weeks at a time, place, usbauds and sons who wiTl overstep t on rids oi uecency anu get on perioui Sprees, and in cousetpjence be in need 6t some place where they can- be doetoBd up and keptHftidden from their acquaint ances while suffering from the delirium tremens, a reporter for the Daily Aews was a visitor last night The place was scrupulously clean and neat and was really inviting. Two young men, with aristocratic bearing and clothes of the finest fit and texture, sat in the office and wondered why their car riages did not come. They looked pale and rather hollow-eyed, but one woirfd not think they had been inmates there simply visitors. "Those two young men are of very aristocratic families," said the reporter's friend, who was identified with the institution. "They have been here over a fortnight. They were chums together, and had been drinking hard "for several weeks. One was brought here with the 'jim-jams' on a Friday, and the other in the same condition on Sunday. They are going out to-day. but are likely to be back again iu a few mouths. Too much money to spend has caused their ruin." The gentleman then took the re porter up stairs and showed him through the hospital proper, where persons with various ailments and dis eases were comfortably reclining on clean cots, and finally" reached a de partment in the top stocy, separated from the rest by a double door. There yere over a dozen cells, but all so ar ranged that the light and ventilation were "perfect. Nearly all the cells were padded, and the occupant eould not dg himself any injur3. These cells were nearly all vacant, only four being oc cupied, and the occupants of tMto being out in the corridor. a. "To tell vou the truth," said the Te- L porter s.jriend, "I have never seen this department so nearly deserted as it is just now. The decrease has been com ing on steadily for six months, and I really believe that the number of drunk ards is declining. Many persons think that the Washingtonian home wauld be the resort of these drinking men, but it is not. As a general rule the aristocracy does not care for the whole town knowing of the faults of its members." "I suspect you have some queer ex periences iu this department,"remarked the reporter, as he took a seat in one of the vacant cells. "You can well say so. No comedy could be more amusing or tragedy more exciting than some of the scenes which have been enacted by persons with diseased minds right here. The poor wretches, as they see imaginary devils around them in all sort of shapes, causing their eyes to bulge from their heads in fright their hands to tear their hair in very terror, and great beads of prespiration to stand out on their faces and then drop to the floor, cause one to feel deep regret for their unfortunate condition. And all this suffering results from the imagina tion. They see and feel snakes and all sorts of vermin crawling over them, yet nothing of tbe sort exists. You can not well help heaving a sigh for the fellows, but perhaps the next minute you are smiling at them. In their wild imaginations they see a being, perhaps, of perfection's truest type, and gaze with admiring eys at a dark corner of tbe cell. Then they smile archly, and, as she .does not recede into dark" obliv ion, they go through all the forms of an introduction and are soon sitting quietly on the cot talking in honeyed tones to the imaginary beauty who does not exist "Less than a year ago we had a man here who is worth, at the lowest es timate, one hundred thousand dollars. lie was reared in luxury ana was hurhlv accomplished. One day he Im agined hiauelf a chickem with a brood tar laajnx f6fb of little ones abovt hla. Be woaM strut around and look aboat him with the utmost solicitude. When the least noise was made he would coaaeae clucking like a mother hen and spread his arms out and Imagine his little fam ily was hid out of sight It was very comical, but lasted only a day. "Another man who was here a short time ago had a very queer way. Be was as mad as a March hare. I re member him well. It was the third time he had been here. The first day his vagaries were of a wild nature. He saw golden threads floating above his bedside and would try to catch them until completely exhausted. His strength given out, he would fall back on the bed. The next day he wa3 looking wilder. His eyes were blood shot and his glauces nervous. Sud denly he screamed and jumped to his feet. 'Take them away; they will kill me.' he cried, and then burst into loud laughter. 'Oh, you little devils,' he said in high glee, 'you came pretty near scaring me. but I know you; you can't fool me any more. I know your green eyes and your forked tongue. I've seen you too often to let you come it over me now. I've got 'em again; that's what's the matter. Now, as you can't scare me. suppose you go away and try it on some other poor devil. Go on, I tell you,' he cried in anger, suddenly, and commenced to stamp violently as he said: 'I'll kill you all if you don't get out of here. You can't hurt me and I know it. Ha, ha, ha! See them go.' he laughrd. I fixed them that time. I'm too old a duck to be caught the third time.' What became of him? Oh, poor fellow, he was too far gone to recover, and died within a week. Chicago Sews. COTTON SEED OIL. The Growth of a Very Curious Soataern Imluntry. "When I was a private in the Con federate army I should have been very glad to take such a drink as this." And with that the young gentleman in charge of the mill swallowed a wine glass of something that looked like pale sherry, but was really cotton-seed oil fresh from the press. It was "a pleasant and a nutritious thing with a kind of fragrance about it. The re mark was made in 18G5. Since that time the cotton-seed oil industry has grown to something very important. In old times, cotton seed, which is an abundant product, bearing to the lint in weight the relation of about three to one, was almost a refuse. Some of it was used as a fertilizer, but a great deal more went to waste. Now it is utilized to a large degree, and by many curious processes. The plauter sellsit for ten or twelve dollars a ton. The steamboat earns a handsome freight on it to the city. The first thing at the mill is to pass it through a gin more grasping and incisive than the kind used iu the country, and thus to shear from it a good deal of the lint that is useful, at least, for paper stock, if not for some sorts of cloth. It then passes into a huller. The hulls furnish an abundance of fuel for the mill and the excess is sold to gardeners as a fer tilizer. The seed, when thus decorti cated, is like that of a small peanut, but greenish-yellow as to color. This is then ground to a fine meal. Then this meal is placed in small hydraulic presses and squeezed as only hydraulic presses can squeeze. The oil runs out, and the oil cake is left in. shape and similitude like a small card of ginger-bread. This is a nu tritious food for cattle, and when ground up resembles corn meal. Re turning to the expressed oil, we find it gathered iu vats and clarified to a certain extent by being allowed to set tle. The dregs.'which are left when it is drawn off, make an excellent soap stock, not unlike that produced from olive oil. The crude oil.so far clcaused, is then refined, and becomes something which it is difficult to distinguish from olive oil. There is probably no chemi cal reason why it is not as wholesome an article of food. It has been used extensively along the Gulf of Mexico as a substitute for lard in cooking. The Hebrews naturally prefer it to lard. It must be confessed, however, that its principal use is to adulterate salad oil; and it seems a pity that such should be the fact All adulteration is fraud. Happib this special one is neither harmful nor unpleasant. We may eat our salads in peace aud quiet ness, knowing that whether their, oil be derived from olive or from cotton plant, they will neither injure nor of fend. The growth of this curious industry since the late civil war has been very great. The production in 1874, 1875, had reached in the United States about 3,450.000 gallons; in 1882. 1883, it rose te about 19,000,000. The exports in 1874, 1875. were 417.387 gallons; in 1883. 1884. they were 3,C05,94C. The total number of mills in the United States, distributed all the way from North Carolina to Texas is about 117. There are six of these in New Orleans, and they are s much larger than the average of those in the coun try that their capacity represents about one-sixth of the entire industry. M u Ham Wort Howe, in X. Y. Indcpend- till GENERAL BUTLER. The Distinguished Gentleman a To- boft-yan. When I first went to Washington, the western approach to the Capitol, be fore the "pending improvements" were commenced, was through a fine old park, the heavy foliage of which in spring concealed much of the Capitol from view. The approach then led up two steep parallel terraces, which ex tended the whole length of the build ing. The pages, in winter time, took advantage of these declivities for coast ing. Instead of sleds, however, thev used certain large, paste-board cnvef-J ope boxes, which they obtained from the folding-rooms. One day, the terraces and park grounds were covered with a thick, hard coat of sleet; so the envelope boxes were brought out, and the lively tobogganing began. In the midst of the sport. General Benjamin F. Butler, accompanied by other Representatives came along, and stopped on the para pet to witness the fun. As he seemed to enjoy the sight, one of the pages asked him if he would take a ride. After a brief deliberation, the General remarked: "Well. I think I will." In a moment, a box was placed at his disposal near the edge of the para pet, or upper terrace. In this, vith considerable difficulty, the portly rep resentative ensconced himself, and soon he stated that he was "ready." At the word, the pages gave him a vig orous shove, and down he went with lightning swiftness, to the great delight of the assembled spectators. As with increased momentum he struck the second terrace, the box parted, and, with terrific speed, he finished the trip, "all by himself." And he war still going when lost in tbe distance of the park! Edmund Alton, in St. Nicholas. m s "I went lo see the plan of Mrs. Bartholomew Jones's house the other day," said Brown to his friend on tbe street car. "She was very enthusias tic about her new improvements and se on, and told me tbe gem of the whole house would be a beautiful spinal staircase. Ha, ha, ha!" Simp kins "Well. I don't see anything re markablv fnnnv about that. Ska nrnb. ably meant the back stain.? Judge. FARMERS' HOMES. fUrltary Conditions ef Tanners UwrlBaa and Srtrrounrflnr. The country with its blossoming irehards and fragrant clover fields ie looked upon as the healthiest place ia which to live, but this is often a delu sion. About the farm buildiugs have bceu congregating for perhaps fifty years a i'ollvct:on of animals and men, and unless unusual precaution has teen taken, the surroundings are likely to be just such as cholera germs would thrive upon, also those of diphtheria and t;pho"d. Prospeet of cholera which those who ought to know say is coming this sumrnec should cause a thorough clearing up. Some of tbe oldest farming sections of this State, settled nearly a century ago. that have proved healthy in the past, are now be coming afflicted with miasma, on ac count of gradual accumulations de structive to health. Thesanitary condition of the coun try is simply abominable far worse than of cities, . although the general opinion is to the contrary. The soil about dwellings becomes saturated with filth from dish water and slops. The water pipes from the kitchen sink may become frozen in winter and clogged in summer, causing the foul water to soak under the foundations of the house, aud make a breeding place for disease. I know a back yard that was dug up to be planted, not supposing there was am thine; objectionable, but upon exposure to the hot suna.terrible stench arose 'if. t : r the condit on of the soil aL....i '.,u M us where every thing was c-: - d ivii clean and nice. In regard to driuking-water, the great source aud medium for the dis semination of disease, the ruralist can never feel absolutely certain of its Kurity. Suppose he is dissatisfied .with is present supply and determines to sink a new well. He does not know the history of the place, and there is nothing to prevent his locating the well at cr near a point decidedly objection able, owing to an out-house vault that may have been located there in the past It is commou practice to fill up such vaults with earth without remov ing the contents, and remove the out house to another spot, this being found to be the easiest method of avoiding a nuisance. This practice should be condemned. But who knows how many such covered pits may have been on the place before he purchased it? Springjidd (Mass.) Republican. COLD FEET. The Cause and Seuic Kenedial Sagges tlen. The ino-t promiuent cause of cold ness of the feet, at least with females, is the improper or insufficient protec tions, or too tight boots. But few men would dare to brave the rigors of win ter wearing as thin boots as are gener ally worn by females, particularly the fashionable. The thickest worn by this class are made of kid, serge often being worn in very cold weather. It is not strange therefore, that the feet are cold, almost to freezing. (I will not say that this is the cause of the coldness of your feet.) Again, tli.- f:ihonable boot is onlv about two-t!i ids of thereat width oi the foot, and about one size shorter. It is utterly impossible for the blood to circulate freely to the extremities when so small a boot is worn, and as impos sible for the feet to be warm, since the warm blood from the heart is the prin ciple source of animal heat. Again, any cause which drives the blood from the feet, or in any way interferes with a good circulation of tbe blood, may produce, coldness of tbe feet, such as a derangement of the stomach, dim inished power of the heart, tight bands around the limbs, brain exer cises, etc. Unusual labor of the brain, withdrawing., a disproportionate sup ply of blood to itself, just to that ex tent diminishing the relative supply te 'other parts, particularly the extremi ties, not us easily reached, naturally reduces the warmth of the feet This is much aggravated by the fact that most close students take but little physical exercise, from which fact the blood is not drawn to the muscles, thus equalizing the circulation. A brisk walk, for example, when the 'brain is overcharged with blood, will tend to invite this fluid to the muscles, siuae action, attended by a wste of tissues, with a demand for more nourishment ("the blood is the life"), will cause the blood to flow where it is most needed. Such a walk, several times a day, will .do much to relieve your head, particu larly with the adoption of a plain and simple diet. When the head h hot at the same time of the coldness of the feet, it is judicious to cool it by the ap plication of wet cloths, at the same time putting the feet in hot water, kept till they are thoroughly warm, the pores well opened, followed by a dash of cold water, and thoroughly rubbed with a crash till a glow of beat is secured. Dr. J. in Hannaford, in Golden Rule. NAVY BEANS. How They Should be Cultivated aad Hat tys ted. If the crops on a farm are varied there will be less risk from drought and other causes. A subscriberdesires us to give information in regard to the cultivation of white navy beans, which we consider an excellent suggestion. Beans are a warm weather crop, as the slightest frost injures them. They grow aud mature quickly, and are adapted to either light or heavv soils. In the garden the rows are marked off with a line, two feet apart, and a bean friaeed every six inches in tbe row, and cultivated with a hoe. For field cul ture they must be laid off so as to per mit the use of the horse hoe or culti vator between the rows. The seed :s usually placed from a foot to eighteen inches apart, dropping two seeds in a .place. They must be kept clean, and perhaps the use of the hoe may be necessary once or twice. They should be picked by hand from the vines as fast as they ripen, if the best quality and cleanest beans are desired, but the usual practice is to allow them to remain on the vines until the whole crop is thoroughly ripe when the vines are pulled up and packed loosely in the barn, where the pods are picked off during such un seasonable weather as will not permit of other work. The beans are sepa rated from the pods by shelling in the usual manner by band, but it is tedious, and hence the plan of flailing the beaas on a clean floor is best The cultivation' of beans demands considerable labor, but they usually sell at a fair price, and return a large profit in proportion to the care and time bestowed upon them. They are usually a sure crop and easily mar keted. In somV sections they are grown almost exclusively, and will Eroduce as many bushels as wheat, aid ring a higher price. They will grow where wheat will not thrive, and we doubt if they call for more labor or ex pense than wheat when all the details of the cultivation of both crops are compared. Farm, Field and Slocb- A very large put partially explored cave exists in Josephine County, Ore gon, on the headwaters of Williams' Creek, twenty miles south of Grant' Pass. As far" as this cavern has been entered, only about five hundred feet, sufficient subterranean woaders have been discovered to indicate the exist ace at a vary large aad iateraetbif PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL. New Orleans contains seven white women to eix men. and four negro women to three negro men. X. 0. Itcayniit. . . 'H Ah ram Curt's. "the walking kcle ton." recently died t We.ton..jM. Va. He was "fifty years old. a -little above the average height, and weighed but forty pounds. Princess Mathilde is a very affec tionato creature. When M. de Lesseps delivered his recent speech at the re ception in the French Academy the overjoyed Princess sard: "My dear Lesseps. I can't help it. I must kiss you." "Do." briefly replied de Lesseps. And she did. Jo-iah F. Twiss, of Hallis. N. H.. died the other, day, and in his will pro vided that the music at bio funeral 3hould be a brass band, for which ser vice forty dollars should be paid, and that twenty dollars worth of peanuts and candy should be distributed among the mourners. Ronton Globe. A traveler, recently returned from India, was relating bis traveling iui- Eressions. "What a country that is!" e exclaimed. "There everybody keeps dozens of servants. I had ' four whose sole business was to look after my pipe. One brought it to me. another tilled it, a third lighted it for me " "And the fourth?" "The fourth smoked it for me. Tobacco never agreed with me." Mitcclanea. Joseph Flanncr. well known as an American resident of Paris, and a liabitue of the Anglo-American resorts in the quarter of the Grand Hotel, died suddenly there lately. Mr. Flamu'r first went to Paris some twenty-three or twenty-four years ago as one of the agents of -the Southern Confederacy, charged with- the mission of negotiat ing the rebel Government's bonds, ami never returned to this country. Chi cago Herald. t Paul de Cassagnac, equally noted as journalist, politician, aud duellist, says his skill with the sword is not duo to assiduous practice in youth. "I never was a good fencer," he says, "and never cared to be. I fenced only to amuse myselL All that is said about my studied tricks is pure invention. The whole secret is this: I am pretty strong and very quick of hand aud eye. Then, I don't mind getting hurt. If I am proud of atuthjng it is of be ing a good shot. I modestly consider myself one of the best in France." An old woman named Sands died on a small farm in Westchester County, N. Y.. recently. She was supposed to be poor. When her effects were ex amined there was found sewed up in an old petticoat $30,000 in greenbacks and bank books showing deposits of $110,000 aud $100,000 in bonds. In addition to this Mrs. Sauds left real es tate in various parts of New York City and the farm upon which she resided. The bulk of the estate, under the will, wjll go to her four nephews Mortimer Brown, of New York City; James and William PupIv, of Port "Chester, and another in Chicago. X. Y. Sun. "A LITTLE NONSENSE.' --Doctor: 'Mt is nothing but an at t.iek of dyspepsia." Wife: "And what does that come from. Doctor?" Doctor: "That comes from the Greek, madam." .V. Y. Indef.r.ndeiit. "1'iie been a-boardin' wid a grass widder lately." Interlocutor How do you know she is a grass widow?" "'Cause her husband died wid' hay fever 'spose l'e a fool?" Exchange. "Talking about signs," whispered the smart bov at the head of the clas to the dull boy at the foot. "1 think they ought to "put 'signs of rain in front of umbrella stores." Golden Dags. --"Talking of theaters," said Fogg, ''the most successful stars I ever knew were those which years ago got a cor ner in the American flag, and have had the field to themselves eveT since." Boston Transcrijtt. A man ia Sadieville. O., has a bul let in his head which can be heard to rattle when he moves about. His wife might utilize him as a rattle to amuse the baby, but he absolutely refuses to have his better half "shake" bias. Boston Herald. She had but recently -arrived from the "owld couutry." and being sen tout in front of the house to water a largo bed of crimsou petunias, the following conversation took place between herself and the youngest son and heir: "I say. Bridget, what's tbe name of those flowers?" "Shure, now. I don't like to tell ye. 'Tisu't a noiee name they have at all. dear; for 'twas up at the house I heard your own mother calling r " "" - -"- - fc The Troy Tunes relates this inci dent: "A woman entered a second hand store on King street and sad, 'What do you buy here?' 'Most every thing, replied ihe proprietor. The visitor had a dried-apple pie under her arm. The pie was miniw a good-sized b:te. 'Well,' said the visitor, 'I bought this pie of a baker. I don't like it I will sell it to yon for money enough to buy me some soda crackers.' She failed to strike a bargain and passed into the .street remarking. 'You find more humbug in the world every day.' " A San Antonio durkcy was on trial forstealiug money from' a house on Soledad street. Julian Van Slyck, the attorney for the prisoner, in his ad dress to the jury, said: "Gentlemen, my client is a poor man. He was driven by hunger and want to take the small sum of money. All that be wanted was sufficient money to buy bread, for it is in evidence that he did not take the pocket book con taining three hundred dollars that was in the same bureau draw er. If be was a professional thief he would hure 'certainly taken the pocket book." The eloquent attorney for the accused was interrupted by the convul sive sobs of his client.- "Why do you weep?" asked Judge Noonan, who was on the bench. "Bekase I didn't see dat ar pocket-book in de bureau draw er,1" was the reply. Texas Sitings. Checks After Death of Drawer. Bankers and business mea geueralh have suffered considerable inconven ience by the delayed payment of drafts and orders presented for payment after the death of the drawer. The Legis lature has just passed a law, and it haa been signed by Governor Robinson, by which savings banks can pay for thirty days after the date of the "order," and later if no actual notice of the drawer's demise has been re ceived, and national banks, trust safe deposit, and all other depositories, are allowed to pay but for tea days after the drawer's death. This law'applies to single-name 'checks, of course. Henceforth, therefore, the only thing to be considered in taking and de positing such single checks is the draw er's financial standing and character. Hitherto tbe taker bad reason to be afraid-that the drawer might die before payment, anu u known to the payee the holder would have to wait one or two years, until the estate could be settled, and it might then be proved to be insolvent. Hence, a man alone ia business bad not the same facilities (at least so far as giving out checks ia settlement of accounts) as he who had a partaer. The ameadmeat of the law just enacted was certainly called for, aid business asea will be .dad tr aaowiau u mm amm Trmmhr. Your Hair Should be your crowning glory. Ajcr's Hair Vfcjor will restore the vitality and color of youth to hair, that has become thia sad faded; aad, where the glands arc act decayed or ab&orbcd,- will cause a new growth oa bald heads. WAV the youthful color and vior JaUL X - of the hair be preserved to old age? Scad tbe following-, from Mrs. G. Norton, Somervifle, Mass. : "I have used AVer's. Hair Ykjbr for the past 90 years; and, although I am upwards of 60, my hair b) as abundant aad gIosv to-day as wheal was 25." 1MB assured, that atrial of Ayer's Hair 9Mt Vigor will convince you of its powers. Mrs.M.E.Goff,LeadvHIe,Col., writes : "Two year ago, my hair having abnost entirely fallen out, I commenced the use of Ayer's Flair Vigor. To-day my hair h 29 Inches long, fine, strong, aud healthy." V VII VIII 19 Ta " strengthened JU&J1JSW Xlll by the- ue of Ayer's Hair Vigor, the h:ur regains Its youthful color and vitality. Rev. II. r. Williamson, Davidson College, Mecklen burg Co., N. C, writes: "I have used Ayer's Hair Vigor for the lat ten years. It Is an excellent preservative." ws the use of Ayer's Hair Vigor, Geo. A X A. Dadraan, Waterloo, Mo., hud his hair restored to its original healthy condition. He was nearly bald, and very gray. He writes: "Only four bottles of the Vigor were required to restore my hair to its youthful color aud quautity." " IIMI"Ul"l Arer'sI"a'r Vigor cures dis tlwJJllJ eases of the scalp. F. II. Foster, Princeton, Ind., writes: "I bad been troubled for years with a disease or the scalp; my head was covered with dan druff, and the hair dry and harsh. Ayer'a Hair Vigor gave me immediate relief, cleansed the scalp, and rendered the hair soft and pliable." Ayer's Hair Vigor, rui:iiji:i ky Sr. J. C. Aysr &. Co., Iowell, Haas., V. S. A. For sale by all Druggists. '"-BanSaS s , BjKScSiaBS-SsaBaW. laafasjaaaTSiavvBi .ayrw-traaaKaFaaBaV BaV'-lBaV3K?BBl V 'm bVB9,bBb aaal iAaaas . av bi av w ar aaaar al aaaa aaaav jaaaaa -mm. Hv: BaWBiS Bava JBsaaaBin i" T'T El" BaBfi BaB iaB3BaBA Bf H rVHBBJBaBPffiTaBBL aaaaaKsaaaatB aj .BbtbwBTBbvSaIi bvBab BaaajjBaajH av aaaaj jBaaaang bbbhbj aIbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbIbbbkbbi THE FALL TERM OF THE FREMONT NORMAL AND BUSINESS COLLEGE, A.t Fremont, Neltraslca, Will hegin SEPT. 1st, 1885. UNUSUAL ADVANTAGES WILL UK AFFOKDED 1'ElthOXS WISHING TO TEACH. THE BUSINESS DEPARTMENT afford every opportunity for improve ment. Penmanship, ltusiness Arithmetic, itook-keeping. Commercial Correspond ence, and imitation of actual hitnines. . Music. We csn-.Mpeak with the utmost eontl dence. of .the instruction given in our Music 'Department. Miss Kose Conrad, instructor or the Piano Forte, a graduate of the Cornell Conservatory of Music, is not only a brilliant performer, but a pains-taking and superior teacher. The imtrnctors in Vocal Culture, Nole.read ing and Singing are thorough and suc cessful. Expenses. Tuition for ten weeks, $10 to $12 if paid strictly in advance. This in cludes admission to Normal and ISusiues classes. Music, $12 for twenty lessons. Short-hand, $12 for twenty lesson". Type writing, with use of instrument, $10 lor twelve wteks. Good day board can be obtained in the College Heme at $2.2T per week. Ilooms 50 eta. to 7'ct. per stud, ent. IV. I. JONl?., A. M. President of Normal College, Fremont, Neb. SPEICE & NORTH. Geaaral Agents for the Sale of REAL ESTATE. Ualoa Pacific, and Midland Pacific R.S. Lands for sale at from $3.00 to $10.00 per acre for cash, or on five or ten years time, ia annual payments to suit pur chasers. We have also a large and choice lot of other lands, improved and unimproved,, for sale at low price and en reasonable terms. Also business and residence lots in the city. We keep a complete abstract of title to all real es tate in Platte County. 621 COLUNMUN, HEM. BECKER & WELCH, PROPRIETOP.S OF SHELL CREEK MILLS. MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLE SALE DEALERS IN FLOUR AND MEAL. OFFICE, COLUMBUS, NEB. A book ofioo page. Tbe best book for aa maaveruser va con sult, be be expert AnAA.l t AtliAnvfWi. of tbe coat of adverUslnaT.Tbe artvcrUserwbo . .. . 1.vllv Unila In Iff hi. In formation be require, while forlum who will laveatoae bond red thousand dollars la ad vmrtlatam. a scheme Is Indicated which will meet fed every requirement, or tan bemmiU $4tgalifUcha$qgrnctdatbcor rcAMNrfcact. la editloas bave been israed. bSL wosCpaid. to any address for 10 casta. WrtSB toGEO. P. ROWBXX. CO., US9prac9C.Prl&Uaff HcmaeSq.), tew York. wwm. yUVERTOI OO TO ! A. & M. TURNER'S BOOK AND MUSIC STORE -FOR THE- BEST ; GOODS AT- The Lowest Prices! CONSULT THE FOLLOWING ALPHA BETICAL LIST. A 114 1 J MM. Arithmetic. Arnold Intc (fliMinliu'), AlL''lir:i, Antoj;r:n!i Al liums, Alphahct li.ick.Aiuhor!i CuriN, Ark. Arconleon, Abstract I.csi.il Cup. HRILSIIIX H:ikL't!.l!:ily Toy.ltoo(v-. Uihlcs, BcIN for Soys. Blank ltook. Birthday Cirri, Bakut Uu-ric!.. boy TooU.-hr.st, Balls, Banker' Cases, hoy. Wapitis. Sleds and Wheelbar rows. Butcher Books, Br:is-erij;cri Kil lers, Bill -books, Bmik Str:iw, Banc Balls and Bats. 4'A:II:!X, Cants. Calling Cards, i'trd Case Combs. Comb Cases. Ciar Ca ses, Checker Board. Children's Chairs, Cups and Saucers (fancv) Circulating Library, Collar and Ciitf Boxes, Copy Books, Christmas Card. Chinese To i. Crayons, Checker.. Chess. men, Crotiuej sets. DOMKMTIC Sewing Machines. Draw ing l'aper. Dressing Cases, Drums, Diaries. Drafts in books, Dolls, Dressed Dolls, Dominoes, Drawing hooks. i.lYKMfePI-:!. Hleiiientary school hook, Erasers (blackboard), Kraer (rubber). FlCri'lO Books, Floral Albiim, Fur niture polish. aK A 11 M. KM ideographic, (loome tries.fJIove boxe. toy (Suus,0 vrvscope (to illustrate the laws of motion). Aid:!!' Headers, haiuUome Holi day gilt, Handglasses, Hobby. horse, Hand-satchels, Histories. I.HIi!, (all good kinds and color). Ink stands common and fancy). JKWIX Cases, .lews harps. KKCiMof ink, Kitchcu bets. I.KIHaEatM, Ledger paper, Legal cap. Lunch baskets, Lookiugglasses. MAKOX & Hamlin Oran. .Magnets, Music lmxe, Magazines, Mut'ichr eups. Mouth organs. Memorandum. Music bonks. Music holders, Machine oil. Mats, Moderator's record, Muci laur. Microscopes. iKKIslKM for sewing machines. Note paper. OKWArVN. Oil for scwiti- m::t hiiie. Organ stools. Organ M-:it. PKKIOltlCAI.M. Pictures, l'tizlc Mocks, lreents, Picture book. Piano-, Pen, Papetries, Pencil. Purses. Pol ish for furniture, P.imphlet cases, paper cutter.. Paper fasteners. Picture puz zles. Picture frames. Pocket hooks, Perlumery and Pertumerv cai. Paper racks, Peucil holders. KKWAKI) cards, Kubber lulls, Hub. her dolls. SCHOOL books, Sewing stands, School Satchels. Slates, Stereoscopes and pic tures, Scrap books. Scrap pictures. Sewing machine needle. Scholar's com panions. Specie purses. Singing toy canaries, Meris for boy, Shawl straps. Shell goods. Tt:iKMC:01K.i. Toys of all kinds, children's Trunk, Thermometers, Tooth brushes (folding). Tea bets for girls. Tool chests for boys, Ten-pin set for boy., Tooth picks, Tin toys. VIOIjIKM and strings. Vases. WOODBMinCJI-: Organs. Work bas ket., Waste baskets, Whips (with case), Webster's dictionaries, Weather glasses. Work boxes. Whip for hoys. Wagons for boys. What-not, Wooden tooth pick.. Bennta Street, "Journal" Bulling. Cares Guaranteed! DR. WARNS SPECIFIC No. 1. A Certain Cure for Nervous Debility, Seminal Weakness, Involuntary Kinis sions, Spermatorrhea, and ail diseases of the geuito-urinary organs caused by self abuse or over indulgence. Price, $1 00 per box, six boxes $.r.(H. OR- WARNS SPECIFIC No. 2. For Kpilcptic Fits, Mental Anxiety, Loss of Memory, Softening of the Brain, and all those diseases of the brain. PrUe $1.00 per box, six boxes $.".0O. DR. WARNS SPECIFIC No. 3. For Impotence, Sterility in either sex. Loss of Power, premature old age, and all those diseases requiring a thorough in vigorating of the sexual organ. Price $2.00 per box, six boxes $10.00. DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 4. For Headache, Nervous Neuralgia, and all acute diseases of the nervous syMcni. Priee S0c per box, six boxes $i.r0. DR. WARNS SPECIFIC No. 5. For all diseases caused by the over-iine of tobacco or liquor. This remedy is par ticularly efficacious iu averting palsy unri delirium tremens. Price $1.00 per '.ox, six boxes $..0O. We Guarantee a Cure, or agree to re fund double the money paid. Certiticate in each box. This guarantee applie to each of our live Specitics. Sent by mail to any address, secure from observation, on receipt of price. Be careful to mention tbe number of Specitiu wanted. Our Specitics are only recommended for spe cific diseases. Beware of remedies war ranted to cure all these diseases with one medicine. To avoid counterfeits and al ways secure tae genuine, order only from DOWTV Sc Clll.W, DRUGGISTS, 19-1 Columhu. Neb. Health is Wealth! Da E. C. West's Nxbte and Bbais Trxat UB(T, a guaranteed specific for Hysteria, Dizzi ness. ConTutoions, Jr'its. Nerrous. Neuralgia. Headache. Nervous Prostration caused by the usa of alcohol or tobacco. Wakefulness, Mental .De pression. Softening of the Brain resultingin in sanity and leading to misery, decay and death, . ... M.l A.. UAnMAa Iiaa nflui,F in either ser. Involuntary Losses andHpermat. - - i juhsai lMia.uTapt!(in ftf thnnrnin.Mli abase or oTer-indulgenco. Each box, contains one month's treatment. flXO a box. or six boxes CorlSJO. sent by mail prepaidou receipt or price. WB GVAMAXTEt: SIX BOXES To curs any case. With each order receiTedbyBS for six boxes, accompanied with fSJJO. we will send tha purchaser our written cuarantee to re fund the money if the treatment doeanottaect cure. Qaaraateea issued only by JOHN O. WEST & CO., M2 W. MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILL., Solo Prop's West's Lirce Pills. SSOO REWARD! WfflyTtWrtwMwSfatnyf UwCiBlilSB1 Pjiy.l, fill H4m In, liiliiulm, OiimipHnti tuTinnmn w owl car fck Wa' ViUkl ttt TCli. wbra U t im. Meatsn strictly coacpM wkk. TUy partly futU,ai mmrblX ta t)r MllihfHno. Sagw Coated. Luf bsiM,cw lhUCKai.lSct. WtmltbrtiliiutiUu. Brwv.ol MilwWH Ml iBlUrtnw. Tk ita! Bwfecta4 Mir T ohm e. WEST ca.ni A ll W. IMIm Si, Ckiat. aMtaBaMajMMtoaHit6ancrf4fs3catiiaB iirXTlT more money than at anything VV I l e'se br taking an agency for -i"L the best selling book out. Be ginaers succeed grandly. None fall. Terms free. Hallktt Book Co , Port land, Maine. 4-32-7 JamTU 7Z7 "Aim 1 Ibbbbbbbbbbbbb l smmmmvaawmmai .am ammmmmmmmmammmmmmmi jamaaBWgBSaBtaIMwffJS A S '"