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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (May 10, 1882)
THE JOURNAL. "WEDNESDAY, 31AY 10, 18SJ fcter:! it el sstttr. :ks Pirtc:, Cd-sits. lTrt.. a: sece-si -4 SUCCESSFUL LAWYER. He heaped the loirio pile on pile, the evidence Btll higher- The counsel on the other s'd he hinted was a liar. Be said his client was a well-known gentleman and scholar. And that bis s:de hud never paid their witneas- es a do!lir. Be told them of the orphan's moans, the base oppressor's sneers. And, pilinirpsthos mountain deep, moved all the Court to tears. He said: " I came not hero for fame, nor yet for paltry gold; But justice is h thing-, my friends, that never can be sold:" And then at the rascality filled with indignant rage. Declared the act unparalleled in any previous age. He said that such a perjured wretch ne'er breathed beneath the sun, And, rising in his legal miht, asked that the right be done. Be quoted Ulackstone. Chitty, Bumm, that no owi could dispute. And said bi "chain of reasoning" no lawyer could refute. He told the " honest, lawful men" to judge aioae by fact. Ab4 not be swayed by empty speech and mere word-jumrlinir tacL Be wound up witn a glowing scene that moistened every eye. And took bis seat to meditate on his stupen dous lie. Century Magazine. SUPERSTITIONS OF THE MIXES. Stories of the Sunn-natural Told Aaoag the Mexican and Indian Miners r the Car West. As a class, there are no more super stitious men th:iu miners, nor have any class more strange and eerie concep tions, it has been so from the earliest time. To the miners we owe some of the most beautiful as well as some of the most grotesque and horrible of the many strange beliefs which have exist ed amongthe uneducated. The men in the far North invented the Trolls, odd little beings supposed to act as guard ians over the treasures of the earth. These in Germany and the Hartz Mount ains became the Nixies, the name being changed while the beings remained the rune. In the Hartz the terrible Demons or Spirits of the Mines were supposed to live, beings who seemed to unite in themselves all of the cruelty and the malevolence the mind of man could conceive. Farther south, in Spain, the subtly-imagined Diablilas peeped out of every globule of quick silver at Almadeu. We have to-day in the divining-rod, so firnilj' believed in by Cornish miners, a relic, and one of the few that remain to us, of the days "of the alchemists, of the search for the philosopher's stone, and the belief in the subtle, and, one might almost say, spiritual affinities of the metals. xae miners oi me n est represent a tnnge conglomeration of men. The English, Welsh and Germans brought all of the Old World superstitions with them, and found themselves among a class of men in the Mexican camps who could equal and in some cases surpass theirs. The Mexituins drew their tales from two sources, their own Spanish fore fathers, and the Aztecs and Toltecs, found in the country when their fore fathers conquered it Strange are the beliefs and stories that have grown out of the union of thee superstitious ele ments. Things are lucky or unlucky because possibly some worker in the Hartz said so 500 3'cars ago, or some old Toltec had a lit of nightmare at an equally remote period. One of the most commonly believed tales is that of the " Step Devil." The men tell you that in some of the oldest mines there fa an evil spirit which takes the form of a deformed dwarf. A peculiarity about him is that he has immensely long arms, anus o long that he can take off 'his sandals without stooping. This dwarf. when there is any danger in the mine, such as a cave, goes up the ladders, lifting himself by his arms, with his legs hanging free. As lie passes each rung he kicks or stamps it out of the side pieces, so that the men when they attempt to fly find that all means of climbing out of the mine are destroyed. In uic very uiu mines, wmeii worn "u' ") "Jt iuuians, iiwrc were no ladders, but in their place trunks of trees jn which notches had been cut, and the Indians climbed by inserting the big toes hi the notches. When the Indians tell j-ou of the "Step Devil" they say that he has on each big toe an enormous jiail and tliat as he climbs the tree trunk he uses this to coupe the to Grouse notch cut by splitting off the part on which the. toe rests. The story is evi dently an Indian one,, although altered by Mexicans to suit the change in the means of going up and down the shaft THE MADRE P'OUO. A story about which there is a fas cination which it is impossible to resist when, you hear men tell it is that of the "Home of the Gold." Somewhere in Southwestern New Mexico, in the Sierra Mad re, it is said there is a "wonderful valley. Small, inclosed by high, roeky walls, and accessible only through a se cret passage, which isknown'tobut few, is this extraordinary place. It is about ten acres in extenChas running through it a stream which waters it thoroughly and makes it a perfect paradise, with its exquisite flowers and beautiful trees. In it are. thousands of birds of the most brilliant plumage. Running across it i a leiLre of Dure cmld -(limit thirl i- . ... .-' r feet wide, which glistens in the sunligh't I fte a great goiaen belt The stream crosses this ledge, and as it runs, mur murs around blocks of yellow metal as other streams do among the ebules. This ledge of gold is supposed to be solid gold and to run down into the cen ter of the earth. The legend is of In dian origin, and around it clusters a numberof Indian storiescin which the name of the ill-fated Montezuma occurs frequently. The descendants of the Aztecs believe firmly that the time will come when Montezuma will return and free them from the domination of the de scendants of the Conquistodores. They believe that the money necessary fortius work will be taken from Madre d'Oro The secret of the entrance into the valley is supposed to be carefully mardetl by a tnbe of Indians living near it, and among themdt is only communicated to the eldest men amid the solemn cere monies of the medicine lodr. ir.,--nn- such a story to work upon, there is little I wonaermai me vivid imagination of the Mexicans should have built upon it tales of men who have found thiswnn. derf ul place. One is that a certain Jose ' .Ait arrac wuu, .wauueruig through the mountains in search fo- game,"saw the valley from the top of . ae of the walls. Finding, that he could not hopu to enter it by t climbing down, he took up his abode with the Indians who tniarj the canyon leading into it Thedauo-hter of the chief fell in love with him ami be trayed the secret to him. Exactly how she found it out they do not tell. Hav ing beeen shown the entrance, Josi went in and would possibly have got away with some of the gold had he not weighted himself down to such an ex tent that he could not get up the declivi ty at the lower end of the passage. He was discovered and the Indians sacri ficed him on the golden ledge with all of the terrible ceremonies of the old Aztec religion. The girl, in despair at losing him, threwTerself from the high walls into the valley below. Hundred of prospectors have spent months of toil trying to find the Madre d'oro, but it is scarcely necessary to say.'-with no re mit Miners in the quartz mines believe that the rats there are thousands of them in mines that are being worked can tell when an earthquake or oave in ie waustx the mine is conune. Thev i that before anything of the kind uieraxfi-wui be seen a,riiioi'"to" w Sk case may be, in which the ore is hoist to the surface. There is a similar be lief about the cockroaches, which aire said to crawl np the slfaft before a ac cident happens. It sometimes happens that in the clay "casings," or seams of clay between the ledge and the reckon each side of it, bunches of wire silver will be found. In Northwestern Arizona this is fre quently the case. These bunches con sist of pure silver in the form of wire curiously matted together. The Indians and Mexicans account for them by say ing that the silver dislikes the .rock in which it finds itself and tries to get out. Beaching the clay it liuds that there is more rock beyoml and so, in despair, stays where it is. A more fanciful ex planation which is sometimes given is that the matted bunches of silver wire were originally little snakes turned into metal and placed in the clay as a pun ishment for having offended the Great Snake God. BEWITCHED ARASTRAS. One of the oldest superstitions is that connected with the arastras." An arastra" is a circular pit about two feet deep, lined with stones, in which, by the aid of a mule, stones are dragged around. The silver ore being put into it is ground, water being added during the grinding, into a slime. It is proba bly the most ancient method still em ployed for pulverizing ore. Sometimes, the .Mexicans tell you, the arastras" get bewitched, and will not work. It is of no use to relieve them with fresh stones, nor does it do any good to put in new grinding blocks. The arastra" is bewitched, and that is the end ot it If the witch who has done the mischief cannot be found there is one thing to do. The owner gets a three ball cacti vegetable globes cov ered with thorns and splits each into four parts. He places these twelve pieces at equal distances around tho edge of the "arastra" pit. He then fills the pit with finely broken ore and starts the mule up. The grinding-stoues being drawn arouud for about an hour, the machine is slopped and the ore carefully examined. It is always found to be ground more in one place than in another. The owner takes the pieces of cactus near the part where the ore is not ground, and burns them to ashes. The other pieces he throws away. Having put an end to the spell by this operation, he relieves the "arastra," puts in fresh grinding-stones, and find ing that it works all right, points tri umphantly to the fact as proving that it had been bewitched and cured by the cactus. When asked why the cactus removes the spell from the "arastra," the Mexican will say, "My father did it," and there is an end to the ques tions. A belief common, especially among the Indians, is that the lairs in which great snakes keep themselves are always over gold veins. One of the most com mon snakes in the southwest is called the "gold snake" from this cause. Manj' Mexicans are infected with this superstition, and the writer remembers one case wnere a large gom snaxe was killed in Southern Arizona, not very far from a small village. Before ten o'clock next day two men had been killed in the fight which arose between those anxious to locate a mine on the spot where the snake had been found. It is scarcely necessary to say that a careful examina tion failed to snow a ledge or anything like one. For all that, the location, when made, was sold to some enterpris ing capitalists in the neighborhood. K. 1. World. A Contraband Mule. " Andy, let's go a-swimming.' "Well. Harry, I don't know about that. I'd like to take a food plunge; but, you see. there's no telling how soon we may move." It was the afternoon of Tuesday. June 14, 1864. We had been marching and fighting almost continually for five weeks and more, from the Wilderness to Spotteylvania, over the North Anna, in at Cold Harbor, across the Pamunky and over the Chickahominy to the banks of the James River, about a mile and a half from which we were now lying-, along a dusty road. Wo were sun burned, covered with dust aad general ly used up, so that a swim in the river would be a refreshment indeed. Having learned from one of the offi cers that the intention evidently was to remain where we then were until the entire corps should come up, 'and that we should probably cross the river at or somewhere near that point we re solved to risk it So, over a corn-field we started at a good pace. We had not gone far when we discovered a mule tied up ina.oump of bushes, with a rope around. Vfeneck. And this long-eared animaL. somewhat "gothic" in his style oi architecture, we decided, after a solemn, council of war, to declare contraband, and forth with we impressed; him into service, in tending to retottn, him, after our bath, on our way back to camp. Untying Bucephatus from the bush, we mount ed, Andy ia front and I on behind, each armed with a switch, and we rodealono gayly enough, with our feet dangling among the corn-stalks. For a while all went well. We fell to talking about the direction we had come since leaving the Pamunky; and Andy, who was usually such an author ity on matters geographical sad' astro nomical that on the march he was known in the company as the- " com pass," confessed to me as we-rode on that he himself had been somewhat turned about, m that march over the Chickahominy swamp "And as for me," said I, "I think this is the awfullest country to get turned about in that I ever did see. Win-, And while we were lying over there in the road it seemed to me that the sun was going down in the east Fact! But when took my canteen and went over a little ridge to the rear to look for water for couee, I found, on looking up, that on that side of the ridge the sun was all right. Yet when I got back to the road and looked around, judge of my surprise when I found the whole thing had somehow swung around again, and tho sun was goinj' down in the east" ' Whoa dar! Whoa dar! Whar you gwme win aat are mule o' mine? Whoa, fcete! " The mule stopped stock-still as w caught sight of the black head and faoe of a darkey boy peerins forth from tlae door of a tobacco house that we were Possibly he was the owner of the whole plantation now, and the mule ptiii" i ete might be his only live-stock. "Where are we going, Pompey? Why, we're going 4on to Richmond!'" " On ter Richmond An' wid dat dar mule o' mine! I. lar to goodness, sodgers, can't git ajongwidout dat mule Better git off'n da.t dar mule!" " Whip him up, Andy!" shouted L "Come up, Bucephalus!" shouted Andy. And we both laid on right lustily. But never an inch would that miserable mule budge-from the position he had taken on hearing the darkey's voice, until all of a sudden, as if a mine had been sprung under our feet, there was such a striking out of heels and such an uncomfortable elevation in the rear, the angle of which was only increased by increased cudgeling, that at last with an enormous spring, Andy and I were sent flying off into the corn. " Yi! yi! yi! Didm't I say better git off'n dat dar mule o' mine? Yi! yi! yiT' Laughing as heartily as the darkey at our misadventure, we felt that it would be safer to make for the river afoot We had a glorious plunge in the waters of the James, and returned to the regi ment at sunset greatly refreshed. .Burjr -b. juejftrm Oi. crowd into the cajjw or btrcScrs. 1 Work at Hell Gate. It is known in an indefinite way that General Newton is preparing near Hell Gate an explosion compared to which that of thesummerof 1876 will seem insig nificant. Then the area of rock blown up was about three acres ; at the next affair of the kind about eleven acres of rock will be treated to dynamite at once. As soon as the work of blowing np Ilallet's Point Reef was ended, General Newton turned bis attention to Flood Kock, a still, more important obstacle to safe navigation than was nallet's Reef. The position of the rock will be seen by reference to any map of the city. It lies off Hallet's Point, to the northwest of the reef blown up in 187C, and is right in the center of what would be the natural Hell Gate channel. It marks a Teef of rocks covering about eleven acres of the river bed. It was resolved to treat this reef, in precisely the same manner which proved so successful in tho case of Hallet's Reef. Work contin ued upon small and uncertain appro priations until 1878, when it was suspend ed for want of money. In 1879 the old nl&nt of drilling machines, boilers, etc., brought to Flood Rock after work at Hallet's Reef was done, began to give way, and it was not until 1880 that new and better machinery was at work. The system followed is exactly similar to that pursued at Hallet's Reef. Galleries about seven feet wide and six feet high are cut eight feet apart, running at right angles to each other, the result being somewhat like a map of the city with the streets running very closely to gether, the blocks between galleries re presenting solid columns of rock, eight feet square, which hold up the roof of the mine. The reef is irregular in shape, with an extreme length of about 1,100 feet, and a width varying from 600 to 200 feet. At present about seven acres of the reef have been honeycombed, the work proceding at about the rate of 500 feet of gallery in a month, the rock having to be drilled and then blasted. Then drilling and blasting goes on con stantly at a depth of 50 to 60 feet under the water. During 1880, the number of linear feet cut was 4,346, to effect which it was necessary to sharpen the drills 57,016 times, to make 43,011 blasts, and to remove 12,941 cubic yards of loose rock. The wages paid the drillers and helpers for this work amounted to $23,347, and the explosives cost $15,640. The depth below low water of the floor of the lowest gallery is sixty-four feet, the depth of the galleries varying with the depth of the rock below the surface. After the blast is over, and the loose rock has been cleared away, there will be a depth of twenty-six feet at low water. The thickness of rock between the roof of the tunnels and the bed of the river is about thirteen feet When the time comes for raising the whole roof at once charges of dynamite will be placed through the mine and exploded by electricity. The explosion at Hallet's Reef was followed by five years of dredging to remove the loose rock. This was done by the Atlantic Dredging Company, who have taken out about eighty-live thousand tons of broken rock. The entire reef has- now disappeared; and there is a uniform depth of twenty-six feet at low tide where six years ago was om of the terrors of navigation through the Gate. Besides, the large reefs that have made Hell Gate-so dangerous, there are sev eral Toeks which can be treated with doste of dynamite without resorting to tunnelling. Several have already been destroyed, among them Way's Reef, Shell Drake Rock, Coenties Reef, Heel taps Rocks, Diamond Reef, in the East River, and some smaller obstacles to vessels. Drilling was begun long ago upon Pot Rock and the Frying-Pan Rocks, both of which reefs can be re moved at any time. On the north side of the channel are two small rocks, known a& Great Mill Rock and Little Mill Rook ; they are not in the way of vessels, and will be made the suppo'rt for a dike between the two rocks, made oi the material from Flood Rock. The work of improving the East Riv er and Hell Grate was decided upon in 1867, and General Nawton began work in 1S69. His original estimate of the costwas $5,000,000. Up to the 30th of June, 1881, the appropriations have been $2,900,000, and the expenses $2,616,000. General Newtoo is confident that the entire work can be finished without exceeding- the original estimate, unless constant, interruptions, due to lack of money,, interfere with the work and scatter the' men. About four years more will be necessary to -complete the whole whole work if the tunnelling at Flood Rock goes on sufficiently fast to allow the final explosion to occur abont two years hence. The present appropria tion for the work will be exhausted in less than two months, and unless Con gress makes smother appropriation at once the men who have learned to do the work will be dispersed, the machin ery will deteriorate, and when work be gins again much time and money will Be wasted in teaching new men. N. Y. Evening Post. A Family Breeze Over Protection Free Trade. and Mr. Breezy, I wish you would tell me something abont this protection and free trade," said Mrs. Breezy, putting down the evening paper and seating herself near the ctmter-table. "What do they mean by it, anyway?" 44 Wei, my dear, said Mr. Breezy, 4,it isn't a question yon would be interested in." ' ' And whynot, I should like to know ?' ' asked Mrs. Breezy. "I suppose you mean it is something; a woman can not under stand." 44 Well, yowsex usually leave political economy to our side of the house," said Mr. Breezy, smiling pleasantly. "But of course some women enjoy that sort of subject, but very few of them." 44 No, said Mrs. Breezy, giving her work: basket a jerk across the table. "Once in a while there is a woman with brains enough to read something above a dime novel, but, of course, the major ity of us are poor, weak-minded crea tures,, without sense enough to go in (when it rains unless we are told to by you men. To talk .abont anything but ' fashions or the cost of a dinner stamps a woman as orignal at once. I suppose you think I wouldn't understand a word, no matter how hard you tried to drive an idea into my poor weak head." 44 1 don't know dear I " 44 Yes, you do, Mr. Breezy," said Mrs. Breezy, bringing her hand down with a vigorous slap upon the table. "You know it would be rank nonsense to talk about politics, or anything of that sort to a woman; and, of course, you are right. We women are only fit to tend children, mend your clothes and do the" 44 Talking," said Mr.. Breezy, inad vertently. 44 Mr. Breezy, you always try to bluff me off I that is, you never treat me with the slightest consideratioa. You always " 44 Suppose we drop the subject," said Mr. Breezy, smiling faintly. No, Mr. Breezy, I will be treated as a human being, and not as a mar a mur. Mr. Breezy, will you or will you not tell me about protection ' and and trade?" said Mrs. Breezy, setting her self in her chair and fixing her husband's eye with her own. 44 Of course, dear," said Mr. Breezy. "Where shall I begin?" 44 Now, Mr. Breezy, there you go again," said Mrs. Breezy. "You al ways imagine me a subject for, ridicule. Mr. Breezy, how should r know where you are to begin?" --- "Well. sutoDoee we becin with our- selves," saiOfr. Breasy. ; . t - Jl a- The Sick-Room Hints aad Remedies. Wcshoiild all know how to treat the more common forms of diseases,- and. not run to the doctor or apothecary for pome drug. Indeed our kitchens con tain many effective remedies, if we only know how to administer them. Pure air, exercise, bathing and proper food aro great foes of disease, and we should ward off its approaches by uf ot them. A cold is one of the most common ways by which we become aware tint some of nature's laws have been violated, and we are apt to make more light ol it as being "only a cold," when in fact it is a serious thing and we should guard against its recurrence. Every cold, no matter where it makes itself felt, causes a decrease of vital force and is the pre cursor of other forms of disease. We should not keep our rooms so warm in winter aa to make a salaman der faint, nor so cold as to cause a polar bear to sigh for an additional overcoat, but try to strike a medium temperature where human beings can be comforta ble. Flannels should be worn by all during the cold months, and those who are delicate should never discard them. In case of colds give hot lemoiade, pennyroyal or cilmint teas, in sufficient quantity to cause perspiration. This will often be all that is required if done in season, and c ire U exercised next day. A gargle of salt and water is ex cellent for sore throat, i know a fam ily where all make use of this before breakfast every day in th; year, and they are singularly free from all throat and lung difficulties. If diphtheria is feared use a gargle of sulphur and water, or have a little of the dry powder blown into the throat through a quill. Sweet oif and mustard or goose oil applied to the outside, mustard paste on the chest and back, and onions or drafts on the' feet are always to be depended on. Barberry water, made by pouring a a enpful of boiling water' on a large spoonful of barberry preserves, makes an excellent drink to use in case of fevers and cold, and is said to be an al most sure cure for scarlet fever if used early and freely. I know of many cases in which it has proved beneficial? For fever give cooling drinks, bathe often under a sheet, keep the bowels open, and the head cool by the applica tion of cloths wet in eold water, and drafts on the soles of the feet. Give a shuttle diet of milt, gruel, rice water, tapioca, beef tea, and broth when the patient can bear it. For indigestion, find out what caused the trouble and avoid it in the future. Live simply, ex ercise regularly, .and you will be well before you know it. Headache is usu ally caused by some derangement of that great center, the stomach, or of the nervous system.. For the first a tea spoonful of powdered charcoal taken in cold water will often give relief, while ior the latter rest and quiet are the only remedies which can be applied at the time, and then the system should be. regulated so as to bring the refractory nerves into subjection. Earache is a" pain from which chil dren ofteu suffer severely. It may be relieved by putting in the ear a bit of cotton dipped in sweet oil in which is done up a pinch of black pepper; the core of a roasted onion is also good. Great care should be ued when doctor ing this delicate organ, as it is easily in jured. Lug ache is another of child hood's trials. When one of the little ones is thus alli'cted, wring a crash towel out of wild water, wrap closely about the limb, cover with several thick nesses of flannel, and before you would think it possible the child will be asleep, for this pain usually comes on in the night. Cramp in the limbs may often bo cured by tying a bandage tightly around between the spot where the pain is lo cated and the body. Friction and heat will accelerate the cure. Borax is almost a certain cure for the bites of all insects, and a strong solution should be kept on hand and applied freely whenever occasion requires. Bee stings may be removed by the applica tion of half a raw onion ; wet clay and hartshorn are also good. Common baking soda is one of die best remedies for burns, . and possesses the merit of always being at hand in the place where burns are most likely to occur. Pulver ized charcoal is a convenient and effect ive remedy, and if kept on for several hours will prevent a scar. ' In case the burn is so bad as to take off the 'skin, creosote water is the best thiti!? to use : " 9 vhA Ttf A- fh b kal Mv-hJ nsa u mia utui uut uc uuuuucu, wuuu suui (not coal) pounded, sifted and mixed with lard will do nearly as well, as such soot contains oreosole. If you can get hold of nothing else put on plenty of wheat flour and let it remain, kopt in place by a bandage. Continued vomiting is often relieved by immersing the bands and wrists in as hot water as can be borne ; meanwhile give the sufferer clear cold coffee or cream of tartar water. When hoarse avoid using the voice as far as possible, meanwhile taking the foBowiujr mixture : Beat well the whites of two -. eggs, then add two tablespoonfuls of white sugar, stir this into a pint of lukewarm water, grate in half a nutmeg and mix thor oughly. Drink often. This usually acts like a charm in banishing this trouble some affliction. We should bear with all the fortitude at our command such pain can not be removed, and not make the lives of those with whom we associate as miserable as our own, yet we should not forget that pain is always a signal of danger, a sign that we have transgressed some of na ture's laws, and we should rigidly ex amine ourselves and see wherein we have erred, and then profit by experience. Many times difficulty is experienced in changing the bed linen with a person in bed, though nothing is easier when one understands how to proceed. Have everything that is required thoroughly aired. Move the patient as far as posi ble to one side of the bed, and remove all bnt one pillow. Untuck the lower sheet and cross sheet and push them toward the middle of (he bed. Have a sheet ready folded or rolled the wrong way and lay it on the mattress, unfold ing it enough to tuck it in at the sides. Have the cross sheet prepared as de scribed before, and roll it also, laying it over the under one and tucking it in, keeping the unused portions of both still rolled. Move the patient over to the side thus prepared for him; the soiled sheets can thus be drawn away, the clean ones completely unrolled and tucked in on the other side. The cov erings need not be removed while this is being done ; they can be pulled out from the foot of the bed and wrapped around the patient. To chauge the upper sheet, take off the spread and lay the clean sheet over the blankets, securing the upper edge to the bed with a couple of pins; standing at the foot, draw out the blankets and soiled sheets, replace the former and put on the spread. Lastly, change the pillow cases. Hill Georget in Household. Sitting-Bull's antithesis among the Indians appears to be Iron Bull, of the Crow tribe. When the latter heard recently that gold had been found at Clark's Fork, on the Crow Reservation, he sent word to the towns that no Crow objected to mining, and that the pale faces might dig as much as they pleased. Iron Bull's theory is that, though the whites may be temporarily checked, nothing on earth car stop them from controuing the whole continent in a little while. Chicigo Tribune. - Queen Victoria has presented Marie Roze with a bracelet set with seven soli taire stones four diamonds of great purity and considerable size, two sap phires and a ruby in memory of one evening lat December when the artist sang before the Queen at Osborne. m m What has been unjustly gained can not be justly kept Farming as an Occupation. Natural bia or inclination is first of all to be considered in deciding on the business of life. I knew two brothers, born and rai.-cd on a farm one of them look no interest iu any of lite work go ing on, unles-j some machinery wis con nected with it. He was made for a me chanic, and alter he hail finished a school course, and had made a trip to Europe, he informed his friends that, his desire to build steam engine's was overpower ing, and that ha would consider it to be ' doing him no favor to give him the farm. So he went into a machine shop and, in the old way, learned a trade. The other brother, from early youth, took the greatest interest in all the op erations of the farm, and during vaca tions from school was with the men in thc-field.. He knew the places for all the tools, and the names of all the ani mals. Iu his ease the inclination to be :i farmer was as decided as was that of his brother to be a worker in iron. Each was allowed to ad.pt the desired busi ness though it is not often that views of boys in their teens are thus decided it is generally easy to find out something of the biases and adaptations and gen erally when a boy thinks he knows what he wants to d it is well to let him try to do it. If he has had no experience of actual farm, work, except such as has been derived from summer vacations from city life and thinks he would like to be a farmer 1 would advise follow ing the example of a well-known New York merchant, who had one among his somewhat numerous flock who felt that be must be a farmer. This did not meet the views of the father, and much was said to induce the boy to follow his brothers into the store, but it availed nothing. It so happened that there was in the family an ancestral farm, of many acres and line buildings that innde the summer home and on which lived a "farmer," who conducted matters so as not to have the balance of' disburse ments and receipts too heavy on the wrong side. The father propocd to the son that he should go to 'he house of the "farm er" and spend the winter, in all respects living with and sharing the food and woikof the hired men, eating his tvi o'clock breakfast, and doing his part of pig-feeding, stable-cleaning, and all other nupU-asaiit chores and report how he liked it the next spring. This plan was strictly carried out, and in due time theyoungsU rwas clear in his mind, that he was made for the farmer he be came, and in a few years his name wa. known throughout the whole land. If 1 should give any more of his history, I would tell everybody who he is, if, in deed,-1 have not already. Boys raised in cities and surfeited witl schools often imagine that the would like to be farmers. Let them follow the example I have given, only extending it through a whole year, taking the sanie relative positions that they would be forced to take in learning any other business. Begin at the bottom, stepping on the lowest rounds of the ladder, ami touching every one, until the top is reached. This is the way to qualify a man for managing a farm. Young men who have taken this way of learning farming, though their early years havo been passed along paved streets, and in schooLs, have made some of our most successful farmers. There is another road that is oftee taken, but not often with lasting satis faction. Buy or otherwise acquire a farm, subscribe for several agricultural papers, purchase books on farming,hire a farmer, purchase a full set of tools and machinery. Learn by experiment, and if your money and zeal hist long enotigU and you work hard you will fi unity make a good farmer, but your education will be a costly one. I knew a case quita like this : A farmer's son was " educated," a people say. He had his tour years of classical study allowed him by a rule of the Court, and spent nearly his threw years m a lawyer's office, when circum stances made it necessary for him to gc to his father's house, and assume thfl management of nearly one thousand acres of land perhaps one-third of ic called "improved" that is, it had been partly cultivated. Los: heaps, piles of stones, clumps of bushes, and swampy places adorned the fields. The owner was just twenty-one years old without; other knowledge of practical farming than such as he had acquired in observ -ins: the rude processes of that long ago time during vacations, and one summer with the hired men when a lad of six teen years. He found his lands in tiv occupancy of tenants, who must remain for one season. He went into the field-i with these tenants and worked without other compensation than instruction in the use of tools, and devoted the season. to trying to learn enough to justify his attempting the management of the farm. The next year he assumed direction Foremen were not yet invented to helj incompetent farmers. He had a team; plow, etc., for his own use, and for a while worked with his men, but soon learned that seventy-five cents a day would pay a better man than he was for holding a plow, and that his eyes to overlook the whole work were worth more than his hands driving a team. But the perplexities he suffered, that; came of the ignorance of this "edu cated" man, can not be recounted. No one so well as himself realized how littla he knew of farming, and he looked among his neighbors for advisers. It so happened that there were three very successful farmers, living in different directions, but all within a few minutes" ride of his home. They were very un like in their ways and tastes, but all. able men. Each of these men wa. freely consulted; not all at once, bn. separately. They would not have en joyed a common talk, but each alone liked to help this beginner and many ride he took to their houses for advice, and the habits he then formed of inquiry into farm management never left him At school he had studied chemistry or. then taught, and could understaudingly read Lieuig's works, which about tha. time startled the world by attempting U reduce agriculture to a icience. Agri cultureal newspapers were diligently read, and much hard work of imud and body was done by this man ; farming Kiid, and he became an enthusiastic over of the business. Although the hopes held out by Lie big that fanning might itself be reduced to a science have not. lmeii realized, yet much good did he do by promoting in vestigation; and the great improve ments th:it have been made within the lives of many of us may be said to have commenced about the time he began writing, and this jonng farmer had the good fortune to commence his career just at this interesting period. I need hardly say thai my purpose in giving these instances ha- been to .show that farming is a 'business which de niamls a special education, as much as any other, and that whoever is thinking of going into this bushiest;, or of pitting a son into it, must know that without this education failure is quite likely to follow. Hon. (Jeorge Guides, in tlie American Agriculturist. i m A tine crop of cattle thieves is grow ing up in Utah, and .one of these days Utah will m:ikc Texas ashamed of her self. An old cattle thief recently told the reporter of the PiociH' Ilcconl that the old hands at the bu-i'ies had pretty much given up stealing rattiu, as they could now buy cattle for l.ttle or noth ing from the young boys who rob their parents. Two men, strangers to one another, found themselves at work together in a Connecticut town. One was from New Yorkythe other from New H-iveu. They discovered that they were brothers who had been separated for sixteen years. HOME, FARtf AXD (JAKDEX. Cure for a stye Touch it with a camel's hair brti-.i. dipped in :r:i:nonia. It .will sting a little, but will also cure the stye The convenience of a low nrmtel sufficiently balances other reasons in favor of a higher shelf. Buckwheat cakes are improved for some people by mixing the buckwheat with graham flour. Put about one third graham with it. Start the cakes at night with yeast. Cracks in buildings, especially in those where stock is to be wiutered, Bhould be stopped. No farm animal can be profitably kept in a barn or shed through which the wind whistles at will. It would be much better if horses were trained to walk fast, rather than to trot and rim. A farmer needs good walking, but cares nothing for 2:40 trot ting. Enameled cloth makes a neat and useful covering for the wide lower shelf in the pantry where bread and cake are out. It is useful also, and looks well on the kitchen table, and can be kept abso lutely clean with little trouble. Writing of the effect of food on flsh and eggs, a correspondent of the Toronto Qlobc cites the fact that these products of fowls kept on supplies of an unclean kind, such as swill and decayed garbage, will in one case quickly taint and in the other taste unsavory. At the last annual meeting of the National Butter and Egg Association, it was stated that the best material for packing egsrs. is clear, bright oats, and that in holding egjjs in cold storage the temperature should be kept at thirty eight degrees to forty degrees. The oats can be sold after unpacking. A correspondent of the Country Gentleman says: As the result of con siderably inquiry, and of my own ex Eerience, I think that a yield of ten ushcls per acre will give half a ton of straw: a yield of twenty bushels per acre about 1.500 pounds of straw, and thirty bushels per acre one ton of straw. As a rule the larger the yield of any grain the smaller the proportion of Btraw that is required for a bushel. Prof. Tracy, in an instructive pa per on the farm and garden, urged the removal of all beds, and the planting of vegetables in rows so that horse culti vation may be practiced; gardens then would be less neglected. The garden should be convenient to the barn as well as to the house, so that it will be easy to cultivate it whenever field cultivation is in progress. The garden should be long and narrow, so as to save time in culti vation. Prof. Taylor, of the Agricultural Department, announced that naphtha line can be used successfully in the de struction of insect varmin, etc. He says: "If seeds, grain, dormant plants, eta, be placed in any tight vessel and a small quantity of the naphthaline' be in troduced into the vessel, and it then be covered, in a few hours any insect that may infest them will be asphyxiated. Seeds thus treated have been tested and do not lose their vitality when the sub stance used is pure. Shipstuffs is the sreneric name foi bran, middlings and shorts, also called mill stuffs. Shorts is the next product of the grain to middlings and comes next to the flour iu fineness. It con tains the coarsest part of the flour and most of the inner coating of grain, and this consists largely of gluten. Shorts is not made in the new process of grind ing, being nearly all contained in the No. 3 and No. 2 flour. Shorts alone would not be a good food for cows. If mixed with as much corn meal it would be an excellent food, and four to six quarts a day of the mixture would be ample to keep a cow in full milk. Dr. I. R. Page, of Baltimore.- calls the attention of physicians, in the Med ical Record, to the topical use of fresh lemon juice as a most efficient means for the removal of membrane from the throat tonsils, etc.. in diphtheria. He states that in his hands it has proved the best agent that he has as yet tried for the purpose. He applies the juice of the lemon to the affected parts every two or three hours by means of a cam el's hair probang. In eighteen cases in which he has used the remedy the effect has been all that he could have wished. He finds that several of his professional brethren are prepared to give the same favorable account of the remedy. A writer in a West Virginia paper combats the opinion held by many agri culturists, that an open country is never converted into a forest through the op eration of natural causes, and, as estab lishing the fact that such change does sometimes occur, brings forward the case of the Shenandoah V alley. When first settled, about one hundred anil six ty years ago, it was an open, praine like region, covered with tall grass, on which fed herds of deer, buffalo, elk, etc., and having no timber, except on ridgy portions ot it; but in consequence of its settlement, the annual fires were prevented, and trees sprang up almost as thickly and regularly as if seed had been planted. These forests, having been preserved by the farmers, cover now a large part of the surface with hard wood trees of a superior excellence. These facts would also seem to substan tiate the theory that the treeless char acter of the prairies of the West is due to the annual burning of the grass by the Indians. Take Care of the Stable. 1. Let your stable be well drained and sufficiently lighted- The vapors from a damp, putrid floor and the sudden change from darkness to light will al most certainly cause blindness. 2. Let the floor of the stalls be quite flat and level. Standing on a sloping place is very painful, and causes lame ness by straining the ligaments and membranes. It also produces grease and sore heels. 3. Every stall should be at least six feet wide, and nine feet long. This will enable the horse to turn around without bruising himself, and to lie down and stretch himself with comfort 4. Let the stalls be separated by par titions, not by bars. They prevent the horses from fighting and kicking each other. 5. Let proper openings be made just under the ceiling to permit the hot foul air to escape, and proper openings at the bottom of the wall to admit fresh air. Impure and con lined airwill cause broken wind. 6. The fresh air shoidd enter through a number of small holes, rather than a large hole, such as an open window. That prevents draughts, which cause chills and cough. 7. The temperature of a stable should be that of a sitting-room or a parlor; not over seventy degrees in summer, nor under forty-live in winter. Hot, close or foul stables will bring on gland ers or inflammation, while a very cold or damp one may cause an incurable cough or disease of the lungs. 8. Do not keep the hay over the man ger. The &team and breath of the ani mal make it both unpleasant and un wholesome. If the hay must be kept over the horse, the ceiling should be of plaster. This will prevent the vapors from passing up to the food. 9. Have no opening into the manger from the hay-loft Dust is very often thrown into the horse's eyes when fed -in this way, and thus blindness is be- f-ttn. The breath ascends directly to the ood through the opening, which at the same time pours a continual draught down on the horse's head, thus causinfi- chills as well as bad food. Valentin i o.'$ "Stable HinU." KENDALL'S II (TIIFS s.'iv.s. riM,ixr, uists- BONKS. i L'KIIS AXD AL.L.S-.MIL !M1LE.V IftllE.-. AND ;, MOVCs? THE lil'Vi i. UMTHorTllLlSll:-IXG. KENDALLS SPAVIN CUEEI II Has ..nod U,..u,n,l. r ,, ,, u dl..tinej t0 cure ,, ,., m KENBALIi'S SPAVIN CUBB! I the only positive cure ktu. v. :,n.l to show what ttiU re.nadv will do we ,lvei ... a .-:.-,.,!, ut ,-:,,., .-ureobT it, a statement which was 3 OlVxIN UNDER OATH. . 'Alum, it May Concern. Iu the ye.ir is.o l treated witn "Kendall's '' Li t lire." n bone -.iin of several in-ntn-.' growth, nearly half lar'c as tick ejr;r, and t-oinpIetel stopped tho lain. Mi-., and removed the enlargement. I liae worked ttie bur..e eversiuee very hard, and he never has been lame, nor iuuju t over see any Ulllereucu in the ize of the hoefc joints Mnee r treated him with "Kendall's Spin in Cure." ,, , . 1J.-Y.Iiai.sk. hncsliurgh v-IU. Vt.. Feb. -79. sworn and Mihcribeil to before me this i'lth day of Feb., a. d. 1S7!). Joh.nG. Jknxe. Justice of l'eaee KENDALL'S SPAVIN UBlj ON HUMAN FLESH it has been ascertained b,, repeated tn ih to be. he very best Unimenl ever uved for any deej, seated pain of lonq standing or oj short duration. Also for COHNS, HUNOXS. F'HOS r-BJTFS or any bruise? cut. or lameness. Some are ujruid t use it on human flesh unjly because U is a horse medicine, but you should remember that what ts yoodjor BEAST is good for MAN. and ice know from Experience that-A EN HALL'S SPAVIX CUHE" can be used on a JxdVyeTr old with perfect safety Its Effects are wonderful on human desh and it does nut blister or make a sore. Try it and be convinced. KENDALL'S SPAVIN CBBBj Read below of Its wonderful elleets as a liniment for the hu 1 in family. w 1 Tk-t-v. .,, r r x "KMATira. Missouri, Anist 20, law. h. .1, IYKNHAU.A- l o.. (.KNTS: I am so overjoyed iu iew of the result or an an. plication of your KendalPs spavin Cure that I reel that 1 ouht for Humanitie,' ake publish it to the world. About tl.im -live years a-o while ridim; a youSr ugly horse 1 was injnred.in one or my tt-ticle, and from' that tim to three weeks !lr ?Jj,,.iiW iUt constin,t J-'nlawment ha been the result, giving me a great amount of trouble, almos-t entirely preentiug me from horsebaek ridini. which was mv usual way of traeling. I saw a notice or your Kendall Spavin I ure, never once thought ontloranythmg except for horses, but alter receiving he medicine and reading over what it was good for, feeling terribly exercised about 111 v UHHcultv. for 1 bad consulted many physicians and none gave me anv specitic but 'when it coul be endured no longer to remove it v ith the knife. I applied our Kendall's Spavin I ure as an experiment, and it was so painful in its application that I concluded not to repeat it and thought no more about it until near a week, and lo and behold 'lie-halt the size was gone, with joy 1 could mm reel v believe it, I immediately au plied it over a.un. and have made in all about ' dozuu ipplie lions ruuniu" uvur space of two weeks and the terrible enlargement is almost goe. in view of "which I cannot express my feelings or delight. It has been a God send to me. miv ho -end to others with like troubles, John Hick Tastor of Hematite Congregation il Church. P. S. You are at liberty to put this iu any shape von mav please. I am not ashamed to have my name under, over or by the side of "it. KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE! Kendall's Spavin Cure is sure in its effects, mild iu its action as it does not blister, yet it is penetrating and powerful to reach anv de -p seated piin or to re move ; any bony growth or any other enlargement if used lor several davs, such as spavins, sjilints, callous, sprains, sucllin-. anv lamcnes? and all enlargements or the joints or limbs, or rheumatism in man and lor any purpose for which a liniment i used Tor man or beast. It i now known to be the best liniment for man ever ueil icting mild yet certain iu its effects. It is ued iu lull strength with perfect safety tt all seasons of the year. Send address for Illustrated Circular, which we think gives positive proor. or its virlues. Xo remedy Iris met with su-'h iimpi illli -d siio.-.ss to our knowledge, or beatas well as man. Price $1 per bottle, or .-ix bottle- tor ."i. ALL DRUGGISTS have it or can get it for yoa, or it will be sent to anv address ,n receipt ot" piico. b the proprictois, 48 Dr. H. J. KENrI)ALL& CO, Enosburg Falls, Vermont. WHEN YOU TRAVEL ALWAYS TAKK THE B. & M. R. R. Examine map and time t-ible- carefully It will be seen that tliK line connects with C. M.&q. i. I.'.; iu fact they are until r one mauai nielli, and taken tnjjc'hcr form what is called Shortest and Quickest Line to CHICAGO. ST. LOUIS. PEORIA. DES 3I0INES, ROCK ISLAND, And "Especially to all Points IOWA, WISLOXSIX. INDIANA, ILLINOIS, MICHIGAN, OHIO. I'KINCIPAL ADVANTAOKS AKK Through coaches from destination on C. B. & Q. K. It. No transfers: changes f.om C. B. .v. Q. IJ. IJ. to connect ing lines all made iu Union Depots. THROUGH TICKETS AT LOWEST RAXES CAN UK HAD Upon application at any station on the .oad. Agents are also prepared to check jaggaie through; give all information as .0 rates, routes, time connections, etc., md to secure sleeping car accomoda tions. This company is enrai;ed on an exten tion" which will open a. NEW LINE TO DENVER And all points' in t'olorado. This ex tentiou will be completed and ready for lusiness in a ,rew months, anil tue pu ie can then enjo all the advantages of 1 through line between Dener and Chicago, all under one management. I. M. l'UMti. Uen'l Tk'l A'gt. 43y Omaiia,Nkb. TUTTS PILLS INDORSED BY PHYSICIANS, CLERQYMEN, AND THE AFFLICTED EVERYWHERE. THE GREATEST MEDICAL TRIUMPH OF THE AGE. SYMPTOMS Or A TORPID LIVER. Tjossof sppetite.M's.use,boweIs co stive, Psin in thoHead.with doll senaatioaln tho back part, fain under the shoulder blade, fullness after eating, with a diain clination to exertion ofbody or mind, Irritabilitr of temper. Low spirits. Ikum of memory, with a feeling ot having neg lectedTsome duty, weariness. Diszlness, Flntteringof the Heart, Dots before the eyes, Yellow akin, Headache. Bestrasa ness at night, highly colored Urine. jf thzis WASimref aez uitheedzd, SERIOUS DISEASES WILL SOON BE DEVELOPED. TUTTS FILLS re especially adapted to such eaaes.one dose effect suehachange Of feeling sts to astonish the sufferer. They Suerenae the Appetite, and cau.e th body to Take m Tlritii, Urns ttie ryttem Is riOird.anit by tlielrTonlc Actionem Hie l'rice 'S cents. 5 Wurrmj t. Jl.TT. TUTT'S HAIR DYE. Obat HAiRorWniaXKXs changed to aOtfxwr Black by a single application of this Dyk. It Imparts a natural color, acta Instantaneously. Eola by DrngguU, or tent by exprt. oa receipt of f 1. Office, 35 Murray St., New York. CSV. TUTTS X1JHUL mf TaluaU I.forMU. a4 CraM BotIvU wta aalM HUS a att4lwlta.f SPAVIN CURE! NOT THE Kyv UNIMEX l' p..';' DISCOVERED. 1870. 188S. thk oIiw(bns journal Id conducted an a FAMILY NEWSPAPER, Devoted to the best mutual inter nets of its readers and itn publish, er.s. Published at Columbus, Platte county, the centre of the agricul tural portion ufNebraska.it is read by hundreds of people eaut who art looking towards Nebraska as their future home. Its subscribers in Nebraska are the staunch, solid portion of tho community, as is evidenced by the fact that the JOURNAL has never contained a 'thin' against them, and by tue other fact that ADVERTISING In its columns always brings its reward. Business is business, and those who wish to reach the solid people of Central Nebraska will tind the columns of the Juuknal a splendid medium. JOB WORK Of all kinds neatly and quickly done, at fair prices. This species of printing is nearly always want ed in a hurry, and, knowing this fact, we have so provided for it that we can furnish envelopes, let ter heads, bill heads, circulars, postern, etc., etc., on very short notice, and promptly on time as Wo promise. SUBSCRIPTION. 1 copy per annum $2 00 Six months 100 " Three month), 60 Single copy sent to any address iu the United States for 5 cts. M. X. TURNER & CO., Columbus, Nebraska. EVERYBODY Can now afford A CHICAGO DAILY. THE CHICAGO HEKALD, All the New? every day on four large pages of fceviMi columns each. The Hon. Frank V. Palmer ( Postmaster of Chi cago), Editor-in-Chief. A Republican Daily for $5 per Year, Three mouths, $l.o. One mouth ou trial 50 cents. CHICAGO "WEEKLY HERALD" Acknowledged by everybody who has read it to be the be-t eight-page paper ever published, at the low price of 81 PER YEAR, Po-tagi' Free. Contains correct market report!, all the news, and general readtug interest ing to the farmer and his family. Special terms to agents and clubs! Sample Copies free. Address, CHICAGO HERALD COMP'Y 120anul22Fifth-av., 40-tf CHICAGO ILL, y k