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About Hemingford herald. (Hemingford, Box Butte County, Neb.) 1895-190? | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1896)
4 ar M m & ft. THE NEW SSffiJFOR 00R MflUY. gBMff If Uio marvelous ltttlo submarine 'torpedo boat which the United States novornment has nearly finished at Bal timore does all tho astonishing things the navy cxperlB promise, she will bo iii largo incasttro a real fulfilment of "tho dreams of Jules Vorno In hie mas terpiece of fiction "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under tho Sea." This is tho only new war vessel over built by our government upon which tho longing eyes of ambitious naval officers wero not turned. It is tho -first time tho navy department has not been pestered by requests for assign ments to duty on a now ship. And tho reason is that tho now boat is looked upon as a very promising submarine coffin for tho first ciew that ventures out in her. Much of tho warfare of tho next cen tury must bo conducted by submarine lighting mnchlncs, and this extraordin ary craft will, It Is believed, solve tho wholo problem of under water war, to which inventors and naval experts aiijiBnBaznxia mimmmmimmmmmmmmmEMifiM mmmMiWMmmm pilfer WgStSmi sfefepi have for years given such an incredible amount of study. This experiment, if successful, may render the great navies of thu world powerless. Tho now boat is the object of rapt at tention from the naval nations of tho world, who have learned in these later years to look to America for instruc tion in tho science of naval building. Thqio ifl much speculation and uncer tainty, however, even among our own naval authorities as to whether the new craft will, upon practical trial, do all that her inventor, J. P. Holland, claims for her. Experiments with submarine war vessels heretofore have been so disastrous, and the manipulation of this ettango craft is so different from anything hitherto taught in naval In Htltutionu, that tho question of man ning her li causing tho navy depart ment n world of trouble TJ.o Wonder of tho World. Tho craft is a. wonder. It is nothing mora nor less than a huge steel fish, with lungs capablo of holding enorm ous quantities of fresh air, and posscss- tng a fclnglo great eye for surveying tho uurfaco of tho oean on nil sides whllo the vessel itjolf is submerged and in visible. It hao (ins for diving and steering, and Us ltnllty is furnished by steam and electricity. The boat is practically the Nautilus xt Jules Verno reduced from dream to reality. It Ib cigar shapod, pointed at bolli ends; SO feet long, 11 feet in di ameter, and with a displacement of 118 tons when floating. Submorgod it dis places MS tons. Untlor ordinary cir cuaibtnncca It runs on tho surface like an ordinary torpedo boat, with a spocd of filxtcon knota an hour. At will It can bo loworod Jut enough to bo undor water, eavo fr a turret of llarvoylzed nlckel-stcol, which Is surmounted by a chimney. Tho armour of tho turiet In eight inches thick; tmd proof sgalmit Tnpld firo gun?. Tho chlmnoy contains n tube by means of which tho air Inside -or th boat Is kopt fresh. Kntirely Safo from Atlas!;. In thl half aubmorged condition the 'buat 1j comparatively safa from uny sort of attack. It offers so t,mall a i SWiSiw)' fiWJiiWfflJi4iiH tariff7 ;i Will ?. i iv T ri k - " - luniquauiniii i isstisi. KAUSH8Su&mi7s! SOBMflRINE target that to hit it would bo extreme-' ly difficult At any time it can sink entirely out of sight at a moment's no tice. Tho chimney and air tube aro with drawn into tho interior in a dozen scc onds.tho opening is hermetically closed and tho craft dives. It deecends by taking water into compartments in tended for that purpose, thus changing Its specific gravity, and bIbo by Inclin ing horizontal rudders so as to cause the nose of tho atcol fish to turn down ward. The depth attained is regulated automatically, tho limit of safoty being about G6 feet. At a much lower lovel the pressure of water would crush the boat. This submarine marvel has a double steel shell, nnd the spaco between tho two coats is occupied by water ballaat, coal bunkers and compressed air tanks. Tho Interior of tho craft Is almost whol ly filled with machinery. There Is no spaco for officers or crew to sleep or cat. Food must be brought along In cooked WMMmwW and compact shape, to be consumed In such fashion as may be. Life on this ship, if ship she is, will not bo a thing of joy. Much of thu Interior spaco is taken up by electric batteries and ac cumulators. Electric apparatus re quires a good deal of room, but It makes no omoko and needs neither fuel nor air. There arc also steam engines run by petroleum, nnd tubular boilers consisting of a labyrinth of pipes. Tho Gtcam engines generate the electricity that is stored in tho accumulators. Truicllnj; on tho Wilt it's Surfncc. Suppose that the boat Is traveling on tho surfaco of the water, at a sixteen knot gait, when tho pilot, looking out through a glass window in the turret, sees a hostile warship coming. Tlte warship is of such vastly greater size that he spies it long before the enemy's lookout can possibly see tho diving craft. Hp touches a button on an elec tric switchboard at I1I3 side, which transmits an order to tho engine room. Without half a minute's delay tho boat sinks until her superstructure Is just THE NEW TOftrEDO BOAT. aw ash, so that only turret and chlmnoy remain above the surface. The pilot is 3til ablo to continue his inspection of tho warship through tho window aforesaid. If tho vessel conies near, and he thinks ho Is in danger from lite big rlfiod guns, he touches another button on the switchboard, and in one lnlnuto by tho watch the submarine craft is safe from all danger or pur suit, plghtoen foet below tho waves. The Instant the order Is given a bit of mechanism Is sot in operation by which the chimney and air tube aro tolebcoplcally withdrawn. Water flows into the ompty compartments, and the horizontal rudders are Inclined for div ing. An Indicator registers tho depth, which is so regulated by an automatic device that tho craft cannot descend below the safety limit. Tho stoorlng 13 done by compass whon undor wator. Tho interior of the submarlno vessel Is lighted by eleetrlclty, with Incandes cent lamps. So long as the boat travola on the rtrfaeo St Is run by its triple oxpRiislon steam OBgmo, which, small but power ful, teluato twin rW3 at tho stem. s WONDER x k,1i jLi,l'.i3w..i..i..H,t. " W! aim When tho craft has been wholly sub merged these onglncs nro stopped, but there is enough steam at high pressure left in tho boilers to propel tho vessol for a considorabio time longer. When it is on tho point of exhaustion tho pro pellers are connected with tho electric motors, which will run tho boat for six teen hours. Make Its Own I'.lcctrlclty. Tho vessel makes its own electricity by means of Its steam engines and stores it in Its accumulators. This point gives to tho Holland boat an im mense advantage over most of tho for eign submarine vessels, which depend wholly on electricity for motlvo power, and aro obliged to go to tho Bhoro at short intervals for tho purposo of re filling their storogo batteries. When tho boat dives valves aro opened from tho tanks, which contain air condensed under a pressure of 2,000 pounds to tho square inch. By this means tho atmosphere Inside of tho submarine vessel Is kept good for half a dozen hours. In case It gets close and bad, tho foul air may be pumped out. It Ib not necessary for the craft to come to tho surface even when the air stored in her reservoirs has been exhausted. In Buch a case a two-Inch hosepipe Is unwound from the reel, its free end being attached to a float, which, when released, rises to tho sur face of the water, carrying with It tho hose. Through this fresh nlr Is pumped Into tho vessel, and the storage tank aro refilled under pressure. Thus It will be seen that the boat is ablo to stay under water almost Indefinitely, not being obliged to come to tho sur face to take breath. Three days' pro visions aro carried for the persons on board, four officers and eight machin ists. Its Orijnn of Vision. The most wonderful thing about this boat, however, is tho organ of vision for seeing whllo submerged. It has a single huge eye, by means of which it is able to survey tho ocean's sur- face, though itself sunk some fathoms deep, and Invisible. Tho vessel does not need to rise above tho waves In order that the pilot may perceive "where ho io at." It comes up merely to within a fow feet of tho surfaco, and n long tube 13 elevated Vertically out of tho water. Tho tube contains a sln glo arrangement of lenses nnd mirrors. The lowor end of It descends Into tho steering room of the boat, where there Is n pivoted circular table covered with a white cloth. Tho device is an appli cation of tho familiar camera luclda. By moving tho pivot table thl3 way and that tho pilot can scan the surface of the ocean for mllca around. Every eall, every ripple, Is as clear to his eye as if he wore pn tho deck of a ship In tho open air above. In her bow tho boat has two torpodo tubes for the discharge of automatic torpedoes of the Whltohead or How oil ariety. She carries Ave of theso tor pedoes, which aro projected by com pressed air. Such a torpedo lb a hol low, cigar shaped receptacle, much like a fish, carrying In its front end 200 i:oaU of gup wt.yn. Altar being die- mmBasmsssmasBsaa charged from tho tube It runs Itself, be ing driven by a screw, with compressed air for motlvo power. It may bo shot with accuracy at a mark 200 ynrds away and it will run 1,000 yards 01 more, exploding on Impact. Cnn Don troy HtrongrHt llnttlmlilp. Lot ouo of thoEo foarful projectiles strlko tho strongest battleship, and tho proud vessel of stool and Iron, n floating mass of machinery that has cost 51,000,000 to construct, is trans formed In a moment Into an Iron coffin, carrying officers nnd crew to tho bot tom. Having dollvorcd tho fatal blow, tho submarines boat glides away, to como up presently near tho surface, and with tho aid of her camera lucldn to look around upon tho Bccno of tho destruction sho has caused herself at tho eamc time lnvlslblo and safo from pursuit. Such a craft as tho Holland boat would never try to attach n tor pedo to tho bottom of aBhlp. Sho plcto out a vessel for attack nnd makes for hor, occasionally coming near tho sur face Just long enough to permit hor commander to mako sure of his course. The Holland boat Is ablo to keep at sea In bad weather. Its radius of Ac tion, traveling on tho surface, Is 1,000 miles; submerged, It can go Blxty miles. Its speed under water Is eight knots and It can bo perfectly controlled. Special devices provide against every conceivable accident. In caso it is de sired to check tho downward move ment of tho boat quickly, a touch on n button connects a compartment of wat er at the bow with a tank of com pressed nlr. Tho expanding nlr drives tho water out of tho comparttncnt,thU3 lightening tho boat. If tho submarlno vessel gets stuck in tho mud at tho bottom, or for somo other reason Is not ablo to rlBe, officers and crew will put on diving suits and escape through a hatchway. The boat Is to cost $150,000. If it proves n bucccsb, two othors aro to ho built This one, Mr. Holland says, Is not as big as It ought to be, but Its size was limited by the appropriation. Asgooji as It is finished, It will bo taken for u trial trip down tho Chesapeake. NICKNAMES OF PRESIDENTS All of Them Wero Known hy I'nouilo nyim Iiullcntlvo of Cluirnclcr Washington waB "Father of Ills Country," "American Kahlua," the "Cinclnnatus of tho West," "Tho Atlas of America," "Lovely Gcorglus," "Flower of tho Forest," "Deliverer of America," "Stepfather of Ills Coun try" and "Savloua of His Country." Adams was tho "Colossus of Independ ence," Jefferson waB tho "Sago of Mon tlcollo" and "Long Tom" Madison was "Tho Father of tho Constitution." Mon loe was tho "Last Cocked Hat" and John Qulncy Adams the "Old Man Elo quent." Jackson was, of course, "Old Hick ory," "Big Knlfo and Sharp Knlfo," tho "Hero of Now Orleans," "Gln'ral" and "Old Hero." Van Buren was tho "Little Magician," tho "Wizard of Kln- dcrhook," "Follower in tho Footstops," "Whisky Van," "King Martin tho First," "Sweet Little Fellow," "Politi cal Grimalkin" and "Weasel." W. II. Harrison was "Tippecanoe," "Old Tip" und tho "Washington of tho West." Tyler was "Young Hickory" and "Acci dental President." Polk also was "Young Hickory," tho sobriquet being used to resurrect tho Jacksonlan cle ment. Taylor wns "Old Rough and Ready," "Old Bucna Vista" and "Old Zach." Fillmore was tho "American Louis Phillippe." Pierce wa3 "Purse." Buchanan was "Old Public Function ary," and "Bcchclor President" and "Old Buck." Wo havo now reached Lincoln, the "Rail Splitter," "Honest Old Abe," "Uncle Abe," "Massa Lin kum," "Father Abraham" and the "Sectional President," tho last name being given by the southcrnero who maintained that he represented the north and not tho whole people. Then comes Johnron "Sir Veto." Grant was "Unconditional Surrender," "Old Three Stars," "Hero of Appomattox" and tho "American Caesar." Hayes was tho "President do Facto," a namo given him by tho defeated democrats. Garfield was tho "Martyr President." Arthur was "Our diet" and tho "Flr3t Gentleman in tho Land." Cleveland in the "Man of Destiny," "Grovcr," and "Stuffed Prophet." Harrison lo "Ba'kbono Bon" and "Grandfather's Hat." T.otiM Az:iU. The early years of Agasslz read like a fairy tale of incredible achieve ment. His bent toward natural scienco showed itself almost in Infancy and grew with his growth. At fourteen wo find him sighing for a list of un attainable books D'Anville, Rlttor, and Italian dictionary, a Strabo In Greek, Mauaert and Thiersch; and also tho works of Malte-Brun and Sey fert. Failing to get these ho copied wholo volumes with the asslstanco of his brother, among others Lamarck's Anlmaux saus Vertcbres. His parents, who bad destined him to n commercial career, were with difficulty Induced to consent to his studying medicine. At twenty-three he wa3 not only a doctor of medicine, but of philosophy as well, and the author of a work on Brazilian fishes, which won for him a name among the bdcntlste of Europe and tho personal intimacy of Cuvier and Hum boldt. At twenty-five he began his career as a lecturer and Instructor, und at onco demonstrated that extraordi nary ability as a teacher and that gift of inspiring enthusiasm In his subject which wore such marked characteris tics of his later yoars. In IS 18 he made his first visit to America, and two yean, lntor accepted that profeasorahlp at Harvard which determined the work of his remaining life. Tip-toe walking yraboliaea surprise, eurtoaity, Ulterotlon or rayetory. IS A NEW BOCCACCIO. aADHIEt D'ANNUNZIO HAS STAHTLED LITERALISTS. Hnllcil In Franco n On of tlin flreat ct Wnpl I'lctnrn Stinker of tho Tlttiot 11H "Triumph of Death" unit Other "itoallRtm." ABItlEL d'Annun zlo Ib tho namo of tho new, Boccaccio that haa amazed Italy with his flory pooms nnd novels of Into anij who is pronounced by cer tain French critics to havo established tho Italian renais ""TtlTl sance 01 icticra. D'Annunzlo wbb born near Pcs cara, a pretty vlllago on tho Adriatic. At fifteen, whllo be was studying at Prato, ho publlehod a volnmo of poems of such n nature as to draw to tho author tho attention of tho authorities. Ho found himself sud denly famous, and, flattered by his euc ccbb, plunged Into a bath of dissipation out of which ho camo with n now and wider philosophy of life nnd language. Tho threo novels which sustain D'An nunzlo'B reputation as a writer aro "Placoro," published in 18S9 "L'lnno contr (1802), and "Trlonfo dclla Morto" (Tho Triumph of Death), which M. de Voguo, In a critical essay In tho llovue dca Deux Mondes, says has tho right to bo considered ono of tho masterpieces of tho times. Tho Italian author Is unknown goncrally except to a few French readers. An English transla tion of "Trlonfo della Morto" Is now in tho press and may go far toward ac quainting English readers with the GABRIEL D'ANNUNZIO. stylo, sentiment, impressions nnd gifts of D'Annunzlo. Tho Italian seems to have little to commend except tho su perb, nnd to somo rnthcr offensive, ego tism of tho school that delights In lay ing bare tho personal weaknesses of its individual writers. D'Annunzlo hns a clear tltlo to a nlcho In this gallery, for ho cvidontly bollovcs that his passions are more interesting thnn thoso of his neighbors. Of courso tho French nn nlysisto regard him with favor. One phaso of his work that commends htm to tho lnscrutablo French moderns ifa his love of describing commonplace filth and dubbing tho doing of It "real ism." Jfiinnnn'ii Alirntrj-. It Is not generally known that Frldtjof Nansen comc3 of an old Dan ish family, which left its mark on tho history of Denmark before his branch of it migrated to Norway 100 years ago. Ho is directly descended from Hans Nansen, who was burgomaster of Copenhagen in 1GC0, and head ed" tho civic forces during tho slcgo of that city by tho Swedes. In E. C. Otto's "Scandinavian History" wo read: "When the nobles refused to give any thing to defray tho expenses of tho Blege, tho town council of Copenhagen, headed by their burgomaster, Hane Nansen, mnde an appeal to tho king for tho curtailment of tho privileges of the nobles. Tho clergy, under tho guidance of the learned and ambitious court preacher, Bishop Svanc, second ed their proposals. while theso motions were being mado within tho hall of assembly the gates of tho city were closed by the order of Hana Nansen, and a strong civic guard drawn around tho doors of tho build ing. Tho nobles, taken by surprise, gavo up their resistance to tho pay ment of the taxes demanded of them, but when Nansen and Svano next pro posed to make tho crown hereditary In tho descendants of tho king, whothor malo or female, they opposed tho mo tion with strong and bitter expres sions of dissent. Ttio Important meas ure was, however, passed and on Oct. IS, 1GG0, Frederick III. received tho homage of the several or ders of tho state as hereditary king of Denmark." All through this crisis Hans Nansen distinguished himself, not only aa a politician, but as a citizen-soldier. It is Interesting to -loto, too, that as a young man he mado what wero then somo highly adventur ous Arctic voyages, and explored tho shores of the White Sea. On his moth er's side Nansen Is descended from the Counts of Wedel-Jarlsberg, a fam ily of Pomeranian oiigin, which set tled in Denmark about the time of tho Thirty Years' War. Dwarf Orni5 Trcn. There Is an orange treo at Mu3kegon, Mich., that is making a record in that northern clime. Thn trco ia about four teen inches high and on tho branchos are twonty-e'ght miniature oranges and blossoms In various singes of develop ment and one fully developed orange. The latter Is about the size of an ordi nary lion's ogg. hut lonnd. Tho troe is planted in a large tin oan filled with earth and U treated as a house plant.- Detroit Trlbww. fFv Mm RESPECTABLE RIDERS. It Is Juit nil Well to Tnlk Clfllly as Mot to Vnrtncro. "Hollo, old gentleman! Aro wo on tho right rond to Ncwburg, and what's tho namo of this placo7" called out ono of two whcolmon who, whllo spinning along a countty road, had hatted be Bldo a corn field In which an old man was plowing. Tho old man thus ad dressed "whoa'd" hlo mule, wrapped tho reins about tho plow handlo and began fnlrly tumbling down tho hill be tween tho rows of corn. "Don't bother to como; wo can hear," expostulated tho cyclist, but tho elder ly plowman only increased his opced and finally otruck tho road. "I wanted to tnko a look at you," ho panted, leaning against tho Btono wall; "you're tho most respectable coundln' fellers I've eccn slnco Biinrlse; been tryln' to plow thla hero corn patch protty nigh all tiny, and ain't dono much moro'n tell a lot o' chaps on them wheel mnchlncs how to git to places. Kind o' thought might as welt mnko n sign post o' mysolf and Btnnd round hero Bom'ers p'lntln up tho road. Wouldn't mind so much," ho continued, balancing his hat on his left enr whllo ho mopped his countennnco, "If somo o' them city houscplanta didn't think themselves so tarnation smnrtl You spoko civil Hko, nnd called mo 'gentleman' Just now, and I'm will In' to toll you nil I kin, but whon n pnsEcl of npBtnrtB comes whlzzln 'long a-rlngln' their bells nt nothln' but rab bit tracks, with legs on 'em that looks ns If they had boon fired at by that new-fangled X-Y-Z sharpshooter, and calls mo Deacon Hayseed, Poppy Grasa and Daddy Corn Cob, It's not agreeing with mo, nnd they finds out it ain't "I asks a feller this mornln' who ho thought ho waB talkin' to, nnd ho said, 'a modern Cinclnnatus,' and then ho winked at another feller. Now, I llkca to bo winked nt Just as much as any body, and I told that feller that per haps ho wao a modern Now YorkUB nnd owned tho earth, and wus rldln 'round to boss tho Job, but I'd bo blamed if ho didn't look Jist Hko tho greenest, tlurndcsa grasshopper I'd over seen n-straddlo ono o' them patent go nrounds. "'We're scorchtn',' saya one. 'Glad of It says I, 'fur maybo you'll bo ncedln' tho practice later on. I talka respectable to them r.s talks respcctablo to mo, ond Nowburg'a straight ahead then to tho right evory tlmo and tho namo o' this placo Is Claudius Smith's Turnpike. If you'll stop at tho house, round the curvo yonder, tho folkB'lt glvo you somo buttermilk, fresh churned city llvera liko buttermilk." And the old man climbed back to tho plow, where n lot of horso flics wera laughing at tho way tho mulo was try ing to kick them and couldn't St Louis Post-Dispatch. OKAY IN THE RANKS. Kmlly Morrell Wood, California' Oldecfc Womiui KufTrncUt. Mrs. Emily Morrell Wood is tho old est woman suffragist woman In Califor nia. She hopes to live long enough to be nblo to cast her first 'vote. It i probablo that univorsnl suffrage will win in tho golden stnto. Mrs. Wood Is a native of Now York and Is upward or 8G years old. Sho went to Califor nia in lboO with her husband In tho bark Palmetto, of which ho was part owner. The cllmato suited him bo nlcoly that ho decided to mako Califor nia his home. Mrs. Wood has lived la San Francisco over Blnco. Sho was a schoolmate of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Her father and tho father of Mrs. Stan ton were judges on tho samo bench. Some years ago Mrs. Wood becamo af flicted with cataract and was totally blind for four years. A Burglcal opera tion was performed and her sight waa restored completely. Sho la n great reader and very fond of needlework. Her lato husband was a partner ot John Lorimer Graham, tho famous New York barrister. Sho Is ono ot tht EMILY M. WOOD. Anneko Jans heirs. Her great grand father was married to Rachel, who waa the granddaughter ot Anneko Jans. Tho old lay's memory of matters long slnco past Is perfect, and her health la remarkably sound for ono of her years. Ml llrlen GIniLtono. Helen Gladstone, the daughter ot tho great statesman, is thought to resem ble her father In appearance, and also possesses a large degree of his remark ablo vitality. When graduating nt Nownham febo invariably kopt her table In the best of spirits by her amus ing stories and witty repartees. For ordinary society conventions she shows little respect, and is qulto indifferent as to drosH, appearing at all sorts ot functions in plain, sensible costumes. Sho la a universal favorite among her friends. r.uHUoil tu t'iilitratlon. "My misguided friend." said tho fat man with the puffs under tho eyes, "I will admit that I am a capitalist. That part ot your aosortlon shall go unchal lenged. But whon you say that I nm not n producer you are wrong. I havo bean backing a comic opera company for two months.' t WmMm f