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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 21, 1916)
{ BETTER LIVE STOCK YIELDS MORE PROFIT PUREBRED STALLION “HONORABLE." CBy 8. T. SIMPSON. Missouri College of Agriculture.) "Use purebred sires,” is the slogan by workers at the Missouri college of agriculture as a partial reply to stock mens’ questions as to how they can make profits on increasingly expensive land, labor and stock and efficiency of the methods used must be correspond ingly improved if the live stock indus try Is to survive. The slogan of the purebred sire is being sounded by Dean F. B. Mumford and others of the agricultural experi ment station and college in the field and feed lot, from the Chautauqua platform and on farm to farm trips through various counties. For use in these campaigns a ’'red headed" poster bulletin has been print ed. That head says in red type, “Use Purebred Sires,” and beneath this head are brief statements of the careful tests of the experiment station and the common experience cf Missouri farmers which agree absolutely on this point. The station got much bigger profits by using a fair purebred mut ton ram such as any farm sheep-raiser could afford instead of a scrub ram. They were used on western ewes which were equally good so far as the best judges could tell. From’ such a ewe the fairly good purebred mutton ram got a good lamb which weighed 80 pounds and sold for -S7.35 when three months old, but the scrub ram got from a similar ewe a poor lamb which weighed 56 pounds aud sold for 54.50 when four months old. Fletcher Smart of Harrisonville, Mo., used a good purebred boar on some average sows and got 60 good pigs which reached an average weight of 270 pounds and topped the Kansas City market at eight months. Purebred Sire Mean*: L Uniformity. 2. Individual superiority. 8. Early maturity. 4. More marketable stock. 5. More money for your feed. 6. Credit to the owner. 7. Bigger profits. Scrub Sire Mean*: 1. Lack of uniformity. 2. Mongrels and misfits. 8. Late maturity. 4. Poor market demand. 5. Less money for your feed. 6. Discredit to the owner. 7. Loss and dissatisfaction. These are some of the facts indicat ed by the poster which explains why a survey of the live stock producers shows that those who are producing the good stock are the ones who stay in business when so many others are dropping out. From the breeding standpoint the important steps are-(l) the use of tried purebred sires. (2) proper feed ing of breeding animals. (3) careful culling of barren and poor-breeding females, and (4) replacing culls with the ho't females in each season's pro duce. Since it costs little or no more profits to produce an eight-oent steer than it does to produce a five-ceut steer, the profits to be derived from producing live stock on corn belt farms is limited by the quality of the ani mals. Good sires must be secured and the herd must be carefully culled. Last but not least, the marketing problem must be carefully handled. Co-operation with neighbors is often essential if purchases and sales are to be made to the best advantage. FOUR OF “HONORABLE’S” FILLY FOALS. COVERED TOP MILK PAIL RECOMMENDED Many Farmers Have Never Thought of Real Advantages of That Kind. (By C. A. BURNS. Dairy Department. Oklahoma A. and M. College, Still water.) Those who are not accustomed to using a covered top milk pail have probably never stopped to think of what real advantage such a pail may be in the production of clean milk. By a covered top pail is meant a milk pail so constructed that it has only a small opening in the top, the rest of the top being covered with metal of which the pail is made. The object of such a pall is that of preventing dirt and hair from falling Into the milk. As the old saying goes, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” This is surely one place where the saying holds true. Dirt and hair mean bacteria in the milk, and bacteria cannot be strained or filtered out. Bacteria are always more or less injurious tc the quality of the milk and to all milk products. This means a lower price for the milk, and eventually a lower price for the milk products. But this is not all. Dirty, bacteria-laden milk products oftentimes are quite injurious to health, and especially the health of children. Of course a great deal depends upon the milker as to whether or not the milk is clean or dirty, but under aver age conditions, other factors being similar, a covered milk pail with an opening six Inches in diameter stands only one chance in four of catching a hair or other foreign material that a pail 12 inches in diameter would. In other words, a pail with a six-inch diameter will catch only about one Sourth as much dirt and hair as a pail with a 12-inch diameter. Destroy Caterpillar Nests. Destroy tent caterpillar nests by drawing through them a wet rag sat urated with kerosene. Another way is to load a shot gun with a heavy charge of powde», eliminating the shot, and ■boot It into the nest. Wheel Hoe Is Big Help. A wheel hoe is a great help, but it really is the work of a man or stout boy to run it. With one at least five times the ground may be worked over In the same time as with a common boe. JUDICIOUS SYSTEM OF INTERCROPPING Cultivated Orchard More Profit able Than Neglected One— Fillers Are Favored. A cultivated orchard is more produc* ' tive and consequently more profitable than the average orchard which is neg lected or in which grass or hay Is grown. “In the young orchard a judiciffus j system of intercropping may be prac I ticed without causing injury to the I trees and at the same time profitable j crops will be produced in the waste I space between the rows,” says F. S. ; Merrill of the Kansas State Agricul | tural college. “Sufficient space should be left on each side of the tree to per mit thorough cultivation of the tree rows. As a general rule, the roots of the tree extend beyond the outer ends of the limbs. A strip may be left pro portionate in width to the spread of the branches. “One of the most familiar types of intercropping can be found in planting fillers between the permanent trees, and often between the rows. The peach or some type of early maturing apple can be used for this purpose, but in most cases the grower will not remove the fillers until they have attained such size as to have interfered with the permanent trees.” WEIGH MILK FROM EACH COW Total Amount of Butter Fat Produced During Year That Dairymen Gets Paid For. All dairymen should weigh the milk of each cow at each milking and test for butter fat at certain set intervals. It is the total amount of fat produced during a year, not the average per cent fat the milk tests, that the dairy man gets paid for. Distance Between Plants. The usual distance between tomato plants Is four feet, but in the small garden this is a waste of space. By training the vines on trellises or mere ly tying them to stakes they may be set two feet apart. Oats and Peas for Feed. After the oats and peas which were sown for green feeding have begun to harden. If they are cut and cured like hay the stock will eat them in cold weather very heartily. Plenty of good ness in-them. CAKE AT ITS BEST MIXTURE OF INGREDIENTS AN IMPORTANT MATTER. Measuring Cup Should Always Be Used, Unless One Is Especially Gifted—Other Things It Is Well to Remember. The measuring cup is the first aid to the amateur cake baker. Nowadays most professional cooks weigh and measure with great care. To be sure there are still old southern mammies and gifted New England housewives who can put a cake together without the help of any measuring apparatus save a scoop and their own good eye. A glass measuring cup—better than a tin one because it 1s easier to get exact fractions of a cup in one that is transparent—better also because it is easier to keep it thoroughly clean and dry—a teaspoon, a tablespoon— not a soup spoon nor a dessert spoon nor one of those huge metal spoons used for mixing batters and basting meats—should be part of the equip ment of every cake baker. A pair of scales is also useful, if they are re liable. It is difficult, however, in some places to buy good scales. Although flour varies In weight and quality it is usually safe to allow four even cupfuls of sifted flour to the pound. Two cupfuls of granulated sugar weigh a pound. Butter has the same weight, so that two ounces measure a quarter of a cupful. With these equations it is easy to translate weights into measures. Never grease cake pans with but ter. as this has a very low burning tempearture. Lard has a higher burn ing temperature, and hence cake in a larded pan does not burn on the bot tom so easily as cake in a buttered pan. Keep a small panful of water in the oven in which cake is baked. The steam thus generated keeps the tem perature of the oven even and helps to make the baking slow and even. Don’t stand the pan of water direct ly under the cake, as this sometimes causes part of the underside of the cake to be less baked than the rest. Place a wire rack in the oven under the cake pans, and be sure to keep the oven cool enough at the top to prevent burning. These precautions are espe cially necessary in a gas oven, which is usually hot. Breakage of Jars in Canning. When breakage of jars occurs it is due to such causes as— Overpacking jars. Corn, pumpkin, peas, lima beans and sweet potatoes swell or expand in processing. Do not fill the jars quite full of these prod ucts. Placing cold jars in hot water, or vice versa. As soon as the jars are filled with hot sirup or hot water, place immediately in the canner. If top cracks during sterilization the wire bail was too tight. In steam canner, having too much water iti the canner. Water should not come above the platform. Allowing cold draft to strike the jars when they are removed from the can ner. Having wire bail too tight, thus breaking the jars or glass tops when lever is forced down. Cream Tomatoes. Half a dozen tomatoes, one table spoonful of flour, half pint of milk (toiling), seasoning to taste; one ounce of grated cheese. Halve the tomatoes and fry them lightly, skin side downward, in the butter, and three tahlespoonfuls of boiling water, and cook until tender. Remove the tomatoes to a hot dish and stir the flour in with the butter. When it browns slightly, pour in the milk, seasoning and cheese. Cook the sauce for two or three minutes, stir ring all the time, then pour it over the tomatoes. Plum Preserves. Weigh fruit and use the same of sugar; to each part of sugar use one teacupful of water. Stir well and add white of one egg slightly beaten, stir and boil. When it boils pour in a gill of cold water and set off the fire; after standing five minutes skim or strain. When you bring to boiling point again drop in the plums and cook one hour. This Is for sour plums. Peaches and pears are nice made the same way. only using three-fourths as much sugar. Glazed Sweet Potatoes. Spread one tablespoonful of butter over the bottom of a baking pan. Spinkle with sugar, cover with a layer of sliced cold baked or boiled sweet potatoes. Add another spoonful of butter, and sugar and another layer of potatoes. Butter and sugar, add hot water to nearly cover, or until water Is absorbed and potatoes glazed. Use more butter and sugar to make it richer. _ Marshmallow Pudding. Soak two dozen marshmallows four hours in cream flavored with one-half cupful of caramelized sugar. Cut an gel cake in halves crossways. Spread the lower half of cake, put on upper half and cover with the rest of the marshmallows. Cover whole of cake or heap on top only, sweetened and flavored whipped cream. Garnish with cherries. Perserve for Meats. Peel and quarter four large oranges and take out the seeds. Add two pints of red raspberries, two-thirds pounds of seedless raisins and one quart of currents. Mis together, add the same amount of sugar and cook until thick. Put in glasses. Hair Mattresses. The hair mattresses which are filled with black hair are. much better than those filled with white hair, because the latter has generally been bleached nd is deprived of its springiness. For Lumpy Starch. Beat with an egg-beater. This an swers the same purpose ns straining and Is much quicker. nroraww UFAW ME y VMJitf GMH/WKfjNER MORNING CRYING TIME. “Far away,” said Daddy, “there lived a Family of Guaeharos." . “What?” shouted both the Children ! at once. i "Are they Bird, Fish, Flesh, Flow ( ers or what?” asked Nick. “Such a name!” said Nancy. “Well, I told you,” said Daddy, , “that they live far away from here and so that is why their name is not | familiar to us.” “Not familiar, Daddy,” said Nancy, “why it’s the funniest, strangest name I’ve ever heard of in all my life. I should say it was not fa miliar,” and Nancy laughed hard. “These Birds,” continued Daddy, i “So they’re Birds, are they?” asked I Nick. “You didn't tell us that” "You hardly gave me a chance,” i smiled Daddy. | “That’s so,” said Nancy, “and we're i wasting all Daddy’s time from the 1 Story. Now we'll keep quiet and ! listen!” And the Children didn’t say i another word. “The Guaeharos are Birds and they ! are like Barn Owls though they wear t Whiskers of which they are very ; proud. They are supposed to be use ful for the oil that they give and for ; that reason, in the Country where nrrr*"s < V T ‘•But, Why Are You Sad?" they live they are thought well of. If it were not for that, they wouldn't !v liked, for every morning bright and early they begin to wail and moan and cry. "Daddy Guacharo—whom I am go ing to tell you about—had a fine Home in a dark Cave. The whole Family liked a dark Home and they loved the night. Daddy Guacharo always told the plump, little Birds a story before it was time for them to go to sleep. “How they enjoyed sleeping and telling Stories and talking and chat tering—everything that happened in the night, and how they did love their home in the cool, dark Cave 1 "But every morning just at dawn, they all began to Cry. and no one knew the reason why. They all seemed to be well- and certainly the Children couldn’t have been a worry. They were as plump and healthy as any little Birds could hope to be. In fact they were really fatter than their Parents for they hadn't cried so many mornings. ‘“Good afternoon. I>sddy Guacharo.’ said Fairy Fleet-of-Wing when she ar rived at the Cave. ‘Tou seem to be in good spirits. Are you till well?’ “ ‘Yes. thank you,’ said Daddy Guacharo. ‘we are all in fine spirits and good health and we’re looking forward to night time.’ “ ‘That’s good,’ said Fairy Fleet-of Wing, and as she didn’t want to ask any more questions, off she went. “She spent the night very near the Cave Home of the Guacharo Family, and just at dawn she was awakened by their long, mournful Cries. ‘I must go and find out why they are un happy,’ she said. “She went to the Cave and there saw Daddy and Mother Guacharo and all the little Guacharos crying for all they- were worth. One would give a long wailing cry and then all the oth ers would following suit. “ ‘I hope you don’t think this is a Concert, do you?’ asked Fairy Fleet of-Wing. ‘From the way you are ail joining in the “Crying Chorus” I might think so.’ “ ‘Ah, no,’ moaned Daddy Guacha ro, ‘we Cry because we are so sad.’ “*But why are you sad?’ asked Fairy Fleet-of-Wing. ‘I can see your nice breakfast of soft fruits there waiting for you, and you have had a ( nice night’s rest and have heard, or told, pleasant stories. Why then are you sad?1 “ ‘Oh, Fairy Fleet-of-Wing,’ said Daddy Guacharo, ‘I know we have all you say. Our breakfast will be ready when we are through Crying—but we won’t be through for some time yet,’ and Daddy Guacharo looked very sad. ‘You see,’ he continued, ‘we are so fond of the night that we cannot bear to see the day arrive. That’s why we Cry. And even though we know our beloved night-time will come soon, we Cry because we miss it so and hate to see the dawn. And now you are the only one who knows why we Cry.’ ” Conserve Your Enthusiasm. Every girl has a capacity for enthusi asm. Some waste it on things of trivial importance, which is a pity. Nobody’s store of enthusiasm is inexhaustible and the girl who uses up her supply on clothes and parties has nothing left for the big things of life. Conserve your enthusiasm. Be sure it does not go to waste over trifles.—Girl’s Com panion. Develop Self-Control. Self-control may be developed in pre cisely the same manner as we tone up a weak muscle—by little exercises day by day.—William George Jordan. No Place for Com. On what toe does a corn never come? The mistletoe. PRESIDENT WILSON SIGNING CHILD LABOR BILL » HHHMg President Wilson signing the child labor bill in the presence of officials of the department of labor and of the National Child Labor committee. At the left of the picture is Dr. A. J. McKelway, Southern secretary of the child labor committee; next to him Mrs. Constance Leupp Todd of the National Consumers league; reading to the right Miss Helen L Sumner and Miss Julia C. Lathrop, assistant chief and chief, respectively, of the children's bureau of the department of labor. At the right of the picture (with gray head) is Secretary of Labor Wilson and next to him, directly behind the president. Representative Keating of Colorado, author of the bill. PHOTOGRAPH OF A REAL GERMAN CHARGE vT:-'- • •: ■.■y.-~- -7r-.JS'Jl This photograph, taken during an action on the western front, shows a division of German infantry fhflrging the enemy. In the background is a cycle corps. FATE OF SUBMARINE BREMEN IS A MYSTERY t irnlMMSt mite Svi Aiy/^vvivtvXixv^; ■K^»jy.:¥>ajiv vi if the British have captured or destroyed the German commercial submarine Bremen, they refuse to admit it officially and the fate of the vessel is a mystery. This photograph of the Bremen was made in the Weser river just before the boat started for America. * AN EMPHATIC PROTEST The execution of Captain Fryatt by the Germans enraged the British troops almost as much as did the kill ing of Miss Cavell. Since the event many a big shell has been sent in scribed as Is the one here photo graphed. Deep Breathing. Deep breathing, sensible breathing, every-day breathing—long life depends upon it, good looks always. Yet nine tenths of the world’s creatures hate to breathe, and young folks especially are as niggardly in the matter of filling their lungs with clean, wholesome air as if they thought they were dealing with poison. Twenty long breaths night and morning will quickly im prove the looks of a girl who has be gun to go down with study and care lessness, and surely there is no beaud fler cheaper than washing the lungs out with clean, fresh air. They Are So Short Now. In a divorce suit tried recently be fore Judge Moll of the superior court a middle-aged woman was seeking a divorce. One of the witnesses called to testify as to how long the plaintiff had lived in Marion county. “I have known her ever since she wore short dresses.” answered the wit ness. “That doesn’t enlighten the cotflfj any.” Interrupted Judge MolL “Thrti may have been six weeks ago or 3u years for ail I can telL”—Indianapolis News OLD-TIME QUILTING INDUSTRY REVIVED In a row of quaint little white cottages built on land the title of which, dates back to Revolutionary times, young women are now plying the needle, patching, felling, quilting. There are some 20 women and girls who are earn ing their living making the same kinds of quilts and coverlets their great-, grandmothers used to make. As tills Is the twentieth century, they have put a few modern touches to the industry, the most notable of which are their rigid eight-hour working law, and a regulation earning wage. The quilting bee, as the little cottage factory is named, was established three years ago to givdi congenial employment to the women nnd girls of Rye, N. Y„ who needed it and to revive the art of quilting. It was Incorporated last year and now had become self-supporting. Take a Sane Vacation. W. H. Sullivan of Cleveland the 1 other day remarked: “If anything really Is the matter with a railroad man a two-week vacation is of no good to him. He usually has to work a couple of weeks to rest up from his vacation.” It isn’t necessary to discuss this saying in its bearing on the railroad man specifically to get the nub of the matter, which is that the strenuous vacation is no vacation at all. Nor is the idling vacation any bet ter. Those who turn from their accus tomed endeavors to a vacation full of! energy consuming efforts and dissipa tions and those who resign themselves to utter indolence make the same mis take of failing to grasp the opportunity for recuperation offered in the vaca tion. Take your vacation sanely. Get out In the open. Exert yourself freely. Don’t overdo or underdo. Don’t dls< sipate. Recreate. Gather energy. ^ lot of benefit can be won In two weeks of natural, unforced living.—Detroit Free Press. GATHERED FACTS Birmingham, Ala., Is suffering from depredations of burglars making a specialty of robbing homes of public officials, Japan Is becoming Interested in sheep raising. The Imperial stock farm Jdo has bought animals In Dr. W. B. Crumpton of Birmingham Ala, Is raising money for missionary work b; advertising In Alabama pa A Californian Is the Inventor of • tonjrta glass hood for automobiles that permits a man to watch his engine while his car Is running. A flame with higher temperature than oxyacetylene has been produced by a Swedish scientist who has in vented a burner employing powdered aluminum and oxygen. A buoyant material for lining bath ing suits has been Invented in Ger many to make the suits serve as life preservers without Interfering with the movements of wesnt'-a.