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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (July 16, 1914)
OUR LIGHTHOUSES 1 REMAIN UNCHANGED' 'ZZZ: !j <a oM thing i 1—- ibev SigbtbouM* lVhen JT~jJ l^S ever acim e rums along Ip HH «M an improved light W a nee i.«bt bouse ie not «tj [m built (or it. It la simply *—installed tn the old one. The axiom about new '***■ erne in old bottles does not apply to new light* la aid .’gh'bi uses at all. Tb* modern age of lgbthouses a as ushered c a ith the building of the Third Kddyatcme by Jobs Smeaton in the year ITS* according to an article on the subject ta the Edison Monthly. Tbs# .ighthoaee aaa important for sev eral reasons In tors: and conatroe TJon it aaa superior to the lighthouses of the ''me. and the lUumlcant. though nothing better than tao-Httb pound (slice candles aggregating $7 2 candle P°*er. afhrded by the steadiness of the flame the poastblliry of future im provement through the use of devices la direct and concentrata the beams As la the organic world there are creatures eg a day ahUe others, like men. enjoy a reasonable longevity, so i » h the world eg architectural con struction. and lighthouses belong to im >oa( ■hi • o rlMa For cm of thee* a fasadred tears la ao great matter. at4 thus Jt happens that our a arim Ughtbooae has see® rweoiadoelt 1(1 iilamtaaots coee sad go. sad haa : lari' jroUt •4 by tbs iateat iaay surgery performed with a*er increasing d*flea*T within it* laatara. • hereby Its as cteat tody haa takes us sew dig a tty sad eapekU «y for its bench twa* task. • “ • ngBUMBM may be seen at Sandy Hook, for although the first of these struct arm to be erected to America was placed at the entrance «d boston harbor as early as 171«. the 'v* Jersey lighthouse Is the oldest ■ww m ((MM wpoe our coasts. At Cme the illuminating material c.-tsisM or M Urd-.!1 candies At a later period oil burners were Installed. »i:> during successive periods kero sene was used in an old type float amf and electricity, then tn the ex pn-.mentsi stage was adopted After this there was a recurrence to the oil lamp and at the present time incan dascent vapor is employed- Here It mast he admitted that lighthouses, whet serving s doeble purpose, have not always figured as temple* to the god*, for by the British, who built this llg»tt owes and pwt It In commission tn the year it was intended to serve also as a military prison. It was con stricted with a dungeon underneath, and Just 1SS years later, in supplying a foundation for an iron stairway, evi dence of its former use was made ap parent through the discovery of a vault containing a human skeleton. This aid lighthouse also had Its secret underground passage, the entrance to which was tarred by an Iron door Is xted ss a near-by hillside. Then. too. « "hi* year of reeonstruction, the :- s 'hat were made in the sides of the tower by cannon shots from Brit ish n.*-a-of war were cemented; so if the tradition must connect lighthouses •bd 'em plea, the one at Saady Hook was certainly reared to Moloch, the god of war. though In the past 100 tears it has lighted many a British vhip on pacific errands into New York t.arber With the growing complexity and advance toward perfection of light house system. ligVhoase cases are ex tat', abed a' varying distances from • he laid the character of the light, whether double or single colored or white fixed, flashing or Intermittent, being determined by the requirements eg its position and the use to which B is pat as a signal. While great elevation would seem a ending requirement if a coast light is to perl ns efmtJve service, it Is a positive disadvantage In certain local t.«e and at certain seasons of the year. when, as to St- George'* channel, foggy weather Is the rule, for the fog deads envelop the light and render it qaite useless for lbs guidance of vessels below The Tag light,” or aersetonsl light.” at South Stack, on the island ef Angleaea. England, was roeatrwrtad to meet these condition* An inclined plane was excavated in the each, and upon this a tramway was told The light, being contained to a carnage, which to clear weather was left at the summit of the Incline. g JTiZ <i/UU>r Irjutl USHTTiOISC T^'JTtgy fwzjia!zs¥iiv ziGar ' can be lowered to a position from which It* beams may be directed over tie sea at the lowest possible level. The forward part of this lantern con tains catoptric apparatus of three re jectors. which, being placed on a re volving plane having a reciprocal mo tion through the arc to be illuminated, gives the characteristic of the main 1-ght. The motion is produced by means of a powerful spring. Steel s Ledge lighthouse, located in Penobscot bay. Maine, contains a pow erful acetylene light having a 600 • andiepower intensity and an optical range in clear weather of 12>4 nautl cal miles. The installation comprises six A-50 accumula tors, with a flasher arranged to show single flashes, and a one foot burner with a fourth-or der lens. The following years saw the Introduction of electricity intc a number of lighthouses. Most im portant and powerful of all lights was and still is, in this country at any rate, the Kaveslnk, which in 1S98 was pro vided with a five-second white flash electric light, the flash having a dura tion of .08 seconds. Its bivalve lens has a focal distance of 700—like the new light installed at South Foreland in 1904. Electricity is now being used in the so-called “unattended lights.” Lights of this description will, upon the com pletion of -the Panama canal, guide ships on their way through Uatun lake. In passing through the latter the canal makes eight turns, some of these being at a sharp angle. The range lights are of reinforced concrete, "so placed in pairs that one towers above the other at a distance back of the lower one of several hundred feet.” The pilot will direct his course by keeping these two lights in line, turning when the pair on the opposite shore appear in view. These range I lowers, rising to a height of about 60 1 feet, are sometime* placed in the - midst of the dense tropical jungle i that fringes the shores. In a few of these compressed acetylene, which will burn six months without atten j tion. is the illuininant. but the greater ■ number of the lighthouses are on a general electric light circuit. As Ab bott states in his recent work on “Pan , ama.” the whole canal will be lighted with buoys, beacons, lighthouses and j light posts. MUST GET TO ROOT OF EVIL Only Real Cure for Insomnia Is to Remove the Causes That Have Brought It On. “The chief cause of sleeplessness," said Dr Robert Jones, a London spe cialist on mental diseases, in an ad dress before the international con gress of medicine, "is mental or physi cal pain or suffering in some form or another. Pain is a sensation experienced by all reflective living things. It has many definitions, but is best described as an uneasiness, varying from a feel ing of slight discomfort to extreme distress; and it may arise from the de rangement of any function, also from violence, pressure or undue tension in any part of the body It has many synonyms, anxiety, grief, solicitude, mental distress, uneasiness, and. ac cording to its quality or intensity, it may amount to agony, torture or tor ment "The treatment of sleeplessness Is to break the habit, which should be done by removing the causes, and these may be classified as either phys ical. mental or moral." further as serted Dr. Roberts, and be then urged the necessity of sleep, declaring it to be more essential than food, and that where drugs were resorted to they should be taken only when prescribed by a responsible physician, as all sleep Inducing drugs act as heart depres sants The scientist attributed the in crease in insanity among boys under fifteen and girls between fifteen and twenty that has been recorded in the last decade to insufficient sleep. A change of scene often benefits the victim of insomnia—a place not far distant from the home will sometimes suffice. Fresh air in abundance is an absolute necessity if one would sleep well. A single window open a few Inches at the top and bottom is not enough Open every window, and se cure the effect of open-air sleep. A thin bread-and-butter sandwich sprin kled with cayenne pepper and eaten after midnight will sometimes induce sleep when other means fail. London Street Sayings. London street sayings, like music hall songs, have generally but a short life, the Chronicle of that city says. “Has your mother sold her mangle?" “Who shot the dog?" “How are you off for soap?" survive only in old nov | els. Some, however, are revived with | slight alterations. The expression of dissent emphasized 12 months ago by "Not in these trousers" used 30 years ago to be conveyed by the tag. "Not j in these boots ” One street saying still occasionally heard dates back more than 60 years. Mrs. C. W. Earle states that at the time of the 1851 ex hibition “the excessive fatigue and | weariness so stamped on the face of ! everybody who wanlers about huge ex hibitions became in that year a source of amusement for the London street I boy, and took the form of calling as they passed, ‘How's your poor foot?' “ Sober Frenchman. Perhaps the last thing that hasty English visitors to Paris become aware of is the quietness, the thoroughness, and the simplicity of French family life. Behind the volatile and flippant ways of the theaters, the cafes, and the newspapers there is bidden an ex traordinary amount of hard work, grave routine, and signal simplicity of living. To this family life the strang er is with difficulty admitted. The casual acquaintance is not made free, as in England, of such realities. We venture the opinion that the highly respectable life of French country houses is dull beyond anything con ; ceived of in similar houses in Eng land. But in Paris the gay and the plodding lives to a great extent over lap. and lead to the confusion of the visitor.—Spectator. BEGINNING AT THE BOTTOM Wna of Wealthy L6hdon Merchants Start as Otftce Bey*, to Learn the Business la tbr City of London there U an *au-* boy t*i the eerrtce cf a firm of etoch hre-hcro who dflft to tfc» of Bee la as aatomobife* Bot he dor* aot ko» it s» oat of his ^dary. which hit* week. The hay’s 'ather is om of the wealth teat aterctocota in the etty. and the boy Is learning tbe business of Btock broking. The father insisted that his son should learn the whole routine of the office, and so although he was born with a s lver spoon in his tnouth that mouth is toil ay used for licking stamps. According to a city merchant, wealthy office boys are by no means uncommon "Business men who have made money by their own exertions." he said "know the advantage of start ing from the bottom, and they often place their sons in the offices of ! friends, and don't in the least resent ! it if their boys are set to lick stamps I and post letters as the first steps in I tbetr apprenticeship. "I know one boy who. when he is j twenty-one. will come into an income at least twice as large as that of his i present employer. 1 remember his boss asking him to stay late one eve ; nlng You would have smiled to hear the office boy- ask to be excused, as he was dining with his people at the , savoy and had to hurry home and dress. \ ■ j Boarder for 45 Years' Tenure. Right less la the midst of a dis trict of trade and traffic, near Aator y*ce. w Pittshorgh. is a family hotel manured hr a woman For more than M j««r» the hotel has b«ea la the hands of one family. All the furnish ings speak at genii) it j and the fine points of (ttcoraa Of the one hun dred boarders. *ve are rooag soon. The hotel la am* at the strictest la the city and no person given u> levity or iid tin sob of conversation can ex pect to rvm iln. The waiting list ia | longer than that for membership in I a popular woman's club. The star j boarder, who ts looked upon with the j greatest respect by all the recent com j era—those who have been received within the last ten years—Is a clergy man, who. for the last 45 years has made the hotel his headquarters. Not Alone. Plgg—"The way of the transgressor I l» hard " Fogg—"Yes; but the trouble • It la generally hard on somebody eiae." Make Tea of Native Herbs. Why should we Import tea from China and India and coffee from Brazil wh»n our own meadows, roadsides and gardens contain aromatic plants that could be made to give us just as deli cious beverages? asked Dr. Bouquet in an article in the Parts Temps. He suggests the common vervain and the bee-balm as examples. Others of w hich our ancestors used to make in fusions are or wge blossoms, the buds cf lime trees, ulack currant leaves and mint. COMMON SENSE SUGGESTIONS IN HOG LOT Prize Berkshire Hog. Hogs are fond of sugar beets and thrive on them. Mange is mainly caused by filth in the sleeping quarters. Id the hot weather hogs should have | good pasture and little grain. Sunlight is a natural tonic for the little pigs and they revel in it. The feeding pails should be scrubbed and scalded every day. Young pigs that are weaned should be fed four or five times each day. We do not believe in dosing hogs with medicine except in serious cases. Beware of the sway-back pig, no matter if all the other points are good. The hog is an economic accessory on the well managed diversified farm. Reading other people's opinions oft en shows us how far off we are in our own. Hogs thrive best when clean, and they will always keep clean if given the chance. Excellence is the result of hard la‘ bor and paying attention to little de tails in pig raising. it i6 a bad practise to take all the pigs from the sow at once. She should be dried up gradually. Just because it is only a hog. do not forget that clean, pure water is more acceptable than slime. Give plenty of range, clean pens, clean feed, clean water and the hog will as a rule take care of itself. Select your brood pigs from the largest litters as they are generally better breeders and better feeders. Any man who persistently breeds his gilts too young will find the quality of his breed steadily deteriorating. Select your brood pigs from the largest litters, as they are generally better breeders and better feeders. No matter what the subsequent use of the pig on the farm is to be his early development should be carefully guarded. When the green corn comes along a little later, do not stuff young pigs all they will eat or thumps will be the result. A sow that suckles a big litter of hungry pigs needs a great deal of nourishing feed, but some farmers 1 never seem to learn that fact. The farmer not prepared with wov | en wire fencing, with ample alfalfa or clover pastures, is not properly prepared for the economical produc tion of pork. Newly purchased hogs should be carefully examined for vermin, and should not be turned out with the herd : until they are known to be free from ’ tbese pests. Certainly a good forage crop for the hogs is one of the most profitable crops a swine breeder can raise espe cially when one considers the fact they will harvest it without cost. ■ The main points to be looked after to be successful with hogs are good j shelter, a warm, dry bed. freedom from ! lice and worms, plenty of good drink ! ing water and nourishing food at regu lar hours. 1 A Fine Specimen. FEW PECULIARITIES OF SWARMING BEES Old Queen With Half of Workers Leaves Old Home and Starts New Colony. (By FRANCIS JaEGERj Bees increase by swarming, or di viding one large colony oi bees into two. The old queen with about half of the bees leaves the old home and starts a new colony somewhere else The young queen will take charge of the old home as soon as she hatches. Long before swarming-tlme bees be gin to make preparations for it. First they raise a large number of drones or male bees, from which some day the young queen may choose her mate When later the colony increases in strength the queen lays from eight to twenty eggs in especially prepared wax cells called queen cells. The egg laid In a queen cell, being a common worker egg. will hatch into a larva which the bees will feed abun dantly on "royal jelly." This special . food and the large cell will make the egg develop a queen. The ninth day after the egg is laid, the bees cover the wormlike larva which hatches from it, with a porous cap. The queen cell at this time is not unlike a pea nut in appearance. As soon as the , first queen cell ih capped over, a sign ! is given and the old queen with her workers leaves the hive. After circling in the air for a while ' the swarm settles upon some tree or shrub and sends out scouts to find a new home for them, and the old queen never again sees her old home or her 'children, and even if starving to death sh^ will not go back to the old house for one drop of honey. — Feed and Care Count Much. It is wrong to expect the cow to yield a large profit simply because ehe is well bred. She must have feed and care or the breeding will amount to nothing. Weedy and Grassy Crops. The man who fails to properly pre pare his land and cultivate with the hoe and plow is the man who is apt to have weedy and grassy crops. Soft-Meated Fowl. The only way to secure a soft-meat ed bird is to keep them growing “from hatch to hatch.” Grind Hen’s Feed. Grind about one-third of the hen's feed for her and she will be more helpful In filling the egg basket. MAINTAIN FERTILITY BY STOCK RAISING Barnyard Manure and Good Phosphate Produce Excellent Results, Used Together. All the grains, when sent to mar ket, carry away from the farm plant food taken from the soil. The same la true of milk, poultry and poultry prod ucts, cattle, sheep and swine. There is a steady and ceaseless outward cur rent of the elements of fertility. Ev ery load of hay, vegetables and fruits means a loss of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. In trying to replace fertility lost by the never-ceasing sale of products, the farmer uses barnyard manure. This material contains less of the three elements of plant food above men tioned than the crops extract from the soil. It is evident, therefore, that, sooner or later, a complete commer cial fertilizer, furnishing ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash must be bought in order to make good these losses. This is why commercial phosphates came into existence. Barnyard manure and a good phos phate produce excellent results when used together. A typical artificial manure or phos phate for grain may be said to con tain 2 per cent of ammonia, 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 2 to 5 per cent of potash. Routing Cabbage Worm. There are various ways of routing that universal pest, the cabbage worm. Road dust, wood ashes or flour sprinkled lightly over the cabbage heads when wet with dew will inter fere with the workings of the insect. Soapsuds sprinkled over the plants hits also the desired effect. But, per haps there is nothing more satisfac tory than salt and water. This not only finishes the worms but tends to make the heads develop more fully. Shelter for Manure. Few farmers feel that they can af ford a manure shed, but an even bel ter arrangement is a covered shed with a cement floor where all manure is dumped and on which the animal* run. Storing Alfalfa Hay. When there is any large amount of alfalfa hay to be loaded and put in the barns, the hay loader should of course be used. In this case the hay must be allowed to cure in the wind row. Suits for Playmates of Neptune THE playmates of Neptune swarm the beaches tn costumes and bath i ing caps almost as varied as the faces of their wearers. Since the introduc i tion of rubber fabric in all sorts of ! colors and patterns there is a choice of solid colors or gay stripes or at tractive plaids. The entire garment or the sash and tie and cap only may be made of this cloth. It is, of course, impervious to water, and the bathers emerge from the sea with water run ning off from garments which cannot be water-soaked. This rubber tissue is used for caps, ties, and girdles, or sashes. Oftener than for the bathing suit, perhaps be cause it is a novelty which is not thoroughly introduced. And also cer tain fabrics, like taffeta silk and mo hair. make suits that shed water readiiy and held color creditably. The suit shown in the picture may be made in either of these fabrics and trimmed with cotton or light wool braid (shrunk before it is applied). : Like all the garments now fashionable it is cut on simple lines. The waist and skirt are joined under a braid ; belt, and the dress fastens with snap fastenings like those on a glove. This one-piece suit is worn over silk bloomers that reach barely to the knee. It is all right for the miss, or for anyone else, to dispense with stockings and sandals, but few people care to avail themselves of this privi lege. The feet are more comfortable in light sandals. And stockings make quite an important element in the good effect of the suit. It Is an itemi of style, this dressing of the feet^ properly. The cap, as the picture) shows, is quite an elaborate bit of headwear, quite different from the simple puffed cap of rubber cloth which preceded it. But the pretty bit of headwear pic tured is hardly practical for the girl that really swims. And she who divea would be sure to leave It behind her when she comes up. It is all right for those who only paddle about in the water and stroll on the shore. For real water sport the plain rubber cap ' worn down over the ears and fitting snugly about the head is the only one that will keep the hair dry, or partly dry. Every year the importance of teach ing girls to sw-im looms up larger and larger. And once the little ones form, a taste for the water it is easy for them to learn, because they desire so much to know how. Boys strike out for themselves, usually, and soon mas , ter the art and enjoy themselves for | ever after. Parasols at the Polo Game I A GREAT throng of smartly dressed people. New Yorkers, English and people from the "outside" world, gath ered to watch the international polo matches, arrayed in clothes that need not fear any comparison. In the games the English literally galloped away with the trophy, and the Ameri cans took their defeat with a good na ture altogether admirable. Rut if the occupants of the boxes and grand stands might have been matched against any other such concourse, any where, as to the excellence of their appareling, it is safe to say the New Yorkers would have more than held their own. The field was a cheerful spectacle, with the stands packed with men in light suits and straw hats, making a suitable background for the gay tints worn by the women in their summer finery. The colors were soft, with many white and a considerable num ber of black and white costumes in evidence. Except for 'turquoise-blue and bright green, nearly all colors were so toned down in shade or so lightened to tint that hardly a trace of the former liking for the strong or garish remained. There was a liberal display of col ored parasols, and these provided the decided color notes. They were of V cerise, or green or gold or (In greater numbers than any other) black and white combinations. There were para sols with wide black and white stripes, running around or up and down, and there were those of narrower stripes. There were checks and bars in black, and white, and many of these had narrow borders of ribbon In vivid col ors shirred to the edge. Perhaps the best-liked model is the. stripe pictured in the Illustration. This style is often shown with a wide black or colored border about the edge and often with a flowered border of roses against a colored ground. A black and white parasol is the best substitute for the all-black (which seems to be not in high favor just now). In this particular combination, either in stripes or checks, one may add a border of narrow shirred rib bon in any of the bright colors, nnd change this border to suit. Next to the black and white and the all-white parasols, green has found the greatest number of admirers. Cerise may be conceded the third place, and after that gold or orange color. The black parasol, except in the small hand shades or ‘•carriage” parasols Is rather conspicuously absent from the fashion parade. JULIA BOTTCMLEY. FASHION ADOPTS NEW COLOR! Yellow in Any Pale Shade Is Now Dis tinctly Proper for the Trimming ef Lingerie. For a long time yellow was hardly coanted In with pale pink and pale j blue as an appropriate color for all occasions—for use on linegrie and ! negligee, for the touch of pale color : on the lace or chiffon blouse and for ! the light-colored blouse itself. Now j ellow is in all its glory. For not only j are yellow ribbons used to lace up all sorts of lingerie and yellow roses and ribbons used on negligees, but tiny yellow muslin borders appear on hiind kerchiefs and yellow blouses of chif fon and crepe de chine and linen are much worn. There are many new and interesting names for the various pop ular shades of yellow. Probably maizet is the best of the light shades for gen eral wear. Along with the increased use of yellow comes the increased use; of yellow roses for corsage flowers and, trimming for evening frocks.
