The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917, July 16, 1914, Image 7

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    OUR LIGHTHOUSES 1
REMAIN UNCHANGED'
'ZZZ: !j <a oM thing
i 1—- ibev SigbtbouM* lVhen
JT~jJ l^S ever acim e rums along
Ip HH «M an improved light
W a nee i.«bt bouse ie not
«tj [m built (or it. It la simply
*—installed tn the old one.
The axiom about new
'***■ erne in old bottles does
not apply to new light*
la aid .’gh'bi uses at all.
Tb* modern age of lgbthouses a as
ushered c a ith the building of the
Third Kddyatcme by Jobs Smeaton in
the year ITS* according to an article
on the subject ta the Edison Monthly.
Tbs# .ighthoaee aaa important for sev
eral reasons In tors: and conatroe
TJon it aaa superior to the lighthouses
of the ''me. and the lUumlcant. though
nothing better than tao-Httb pound
(slice candles aggregating $7 2 candle
P°*er. afhrded by the steadiness of
the flame the poastblliry of future im
provement through the use of devices
la direct and concentrata the beams
As la the organic world there are
creatures eg a day ahUe others, like
men. enjoy a reasonable longevity, so
i » h the world eg architectural con
struction. and lighthouses belong to
im >oa( ■hi • o
rlMa For cm of
thee* a fasadred
tears la ao great
matter. at4 thus
Jt happens that
our a arim
Ughtbooae has
see® rweoiadoelt
1(1 iilamtaaots
coee sad go. sad
haa : lari' jroUt
•4 by tbs iateat
iaay surgery
performed with
a*er increasing
d*flea*T within
it* laatara.
• hereby Its as
cteat tody haa
takes us sew dig
a tty sad eapekU
«y for its bench
twa* task.
• “ • ngBUMBM may be seen at
Sandy Hook, for although the first of
these struct arm to be erected to
America was placed at the entrance
«d boston harbor as early as 171«. the
'v* Jersey lighthouse Is the oldest
■ww m ((MM wpoe our coasts. At
Cme the illuminating material
c.-tsisM or M Urd-.!1 candies At a
later period oil burners were Installed.
»i:> during successive periods kero
sene was used in an old type float
amf and electricity, then tn the ex
pn-.mentsi stage was adopted After
this there was a recurrence to the oil
lamp and at the present time incan
dascent vapor is employed- Here It
mast he admitted that lighthouses,
whet serving s doeble purpose, have
not always figured as temple* to the
god*, for by the British, who built this
llg»tt owes and pwt It In commission tn
the year it was intended to serve
also as a military prison. It was con
stricted with a dungeon underneath,
and Just 1SS years later, in supplying
a foundation for an iron stairway, evi
dence of its former use was made ap
parent through the discovery of a
vault containing a human skeleton.
This aid lighthouse also had Its secret
underground passage, the entrance to
which was tarred by an Iron door Is
xted ss a near-by hillside. Then. too.
« "hi* year of reeonstruction, the
:- s 'hat were made in the sides of
the tower by cannon shots from Brit
ish n.*-a-of war were cemented; so if
the tradition must connect lighthouses
•bd 'em plea, the one at Saady Hook
was certainly reared to Moloch, the
god of war. though In the past 100
tears it has lighted many a British
vhip on pacific errands into New York
t.arber
With the growing complexity and
advance toward perfection of light
house system. ligVhoase cases are ex
tat', abed a' varying distances from
• he laid the character of the light,
whether double or single colored or
white fixed, flashing or Intermittent,
being determined by the requirements
eg its position and the use to which
B is pat as a signal.
While great elevation would seem a
ending requirement if a coast light
is to perl ns efmtJve service, it Is a
positive disadvantage In certain local
t.«e and at certain seasons of the
year. when, as to St- George'* channel,
foggy weather Is the rule, for the fog
deads envelop the light and render
it qaite useless for lbs guidance of
vessels below The Tag light,” or
aersetonsl light.” at South Stack, on
the island ef Angleaea. England, was
roeatrwrtad to meet these condition*
An inclined plane was excavated in
the each, and upon this a tramway
was told The light, being contained
to a carnage, which to clear weather
was left at the summit of the Incline.
g JTiZ <i/UU>r Irjutl USHTTiOISC
T^'JTtgy fwzjia!zs¥iiv ziGar
' can be lowered to a position from
which It* beams may be directed over
tie sea at the lowest possible level.
The forward part of this lantern con
tains catoptric apparatus of three re
jectors. which, being placed on a re
volving plane having a reciprocal mo
tion through the arc to be illuminated,
gives the characteristic of the main
1-ght. The motion is produced by
means of a powerful spring.
Steel s Ledge lighthouse, located in
Penobscot bay. Maine, contains a pow
erful acetylene light having a 600
• andiepower intensity and an optical
range in clear weather of 12>4 nautl
cal miles. The installation
comprises six A-50 accumula
tors, with a flasher arranged to
show single flashes, and a one
foot burner with a fourth-or
der lens.
The following years saw the
Introduction of electricity intc
a number of lighthouses. Most im
portant and powerful of all lights was
and still is, in this country at any rate,
the Kaveslnk, which in 1S98 was pro
vided with a five-second white flash
electric light, the flash having a dura
tion of .08 seconds. Its bivalve lens
has a focal distance of 700—like the
new light installed at South Foreland
in 1904.
Electricity is now being used in the
so-called “unattended lights.” Lights
of this description will, upon the com
pletion of -the Panama canal, guide
ships on their way through Uatun
lake. In passing through the latter
the canal makes eight turns, some of
these being at a sharp angle. The
range lights are of reinforced concrete,
"so placed in pairs that one towers
above the other at a distance back of
the lower one of several hundred
feet.” The pilot will direct his course
by keeping these two lights in line,
turning when the pair on the opposite
shore appear in view. These range
I lowers, rising to a height of about 60
1 feet, are sometime* placed in the
- midst of the dense tropical jungle
i that fringes the shores. In a few of
these compressed acetylene, which
will burn six months without atten
j tion. is the illuininant. but the greater
■ number of the lighthouses are on a
general electric light circuit. As Ab
bott states in his recent work on “Pan
, ama.” the whole canal will be lighted
with buoys, beacons, lighthouses and
j light posts.
MUST GET TO ROOT OF EVIL
Only Real Cure for Insomnia Is to
Remove the Causes That Have
Brought It On.
“The chief cause of sleeplessness,"
said Dr Robert Jones, a London spe
cialist on mental diseases, in an ad
dress before the international con
gress of medicine, "is mental or physi
cal pain or suffering in some form or
another.
Pain is a sensation experienced by
all reflective living things. It has
many definitions, but is best described
as an uneasiness, varying from a feel
ing of slight discomfort to extreme
distress; and it may arise from the de
rangement of any function, also from
violence, pressure or undue tension in
any part of the body It has many
synonyms, anxiety, grief, solicitude,
mental distress, uneasiness, and. ac
cording to its quality or intensity, it
may amount to agony, torture or tor
ment
"The treatment of sleeplessness Is
to break the habit, which should be
done by removing the causes, and
these may be classified as either phys
ical. mental or moral." further as
serted Dr. Roberts, and be then urged
the necessity of sleep, declaring it to
be more essential than food, and that
where drugs were resorted to they
should be taken only when prescribed
by a responsible physician, as all sleep
Inducing drugs act as heart depres
sants The scientist attributed the in
crease in insanity among boys under
fifteen and girls between fifteen and
twenty that has been recorded in the
last decade to insufficient sleep.
A change of scene often benefits the
victim of insomnia—a place not far
distant from the home will sometimes
suffice. Fresh air in abundance is an
absolute necessity if one would sleep
well. A single window open a few
Inches at the top and bottom is not
enough Open every window, and se
cure the effect of open-air sleep. A
thin bread-and-butter sandwich sprin
kled with cayenne pepper and eaten
after midnight will sometimes induce
sleep when other means fail.
London Street Sayings.
London street sayings, like music
hall songs, have generally but a short
life, the Chronicle of that city says.
“Has your mother sold her mangle?"
“Who shot the dog?" “How are you
off for soap?" survive only in old nov
| els. Some, however, are revived with
| slight alterations. The expression of
dissent emphasized 12 months ago by
"Not in these trousers" used 30 years
ago to be conveyed by the tag. "Not
j in these boots ” One street saying
still occasionally heard dates back
more than 60 years. Mrs. C. W. Earle
states that at the time of the 1851 ex
hibition “the excessive fatigue and
| weariness so stamped on the face of
! everybody who wanlers about huge ex
hibitions became in that year a source
of amusement for the London street
I boy, and took the form of calling as
they passed, ‘How's your poor foot?' “
Sober Frenchman.
Perhaps the last thing that hasty
English visitors to Paris become aware
of is the quietness, the thoroughness,
and the simplicity of French family
life. Behind the volatile and flippant
ways of the theaters, the cafes, and
the newspapers there is bidden an ex
traordinary amount of hard work,
grave routine, and signal simplicity of
living. To this family life the strang
er is with difficulty admitted. The
casual acquaintance is not made free,
as in England, of such realities. We
venture the opinion that the highly
respectable life of French country
houses is dull beyond anything con
; ceived of in similar houses in Eng
land. But in Paris the gay and the
plodding lives to a great extent over
lap. and lead to the confusion of the
visitor.—Spectator.
BEGINNING AT THE BOTTOM
Wna of Wealthy L6hdon Merchants
Start as Otftce Bey*, to Learn
the Business
la tbr City of London there U an
*au-* boy t*i the eerrtce cf a firm of
etoch hre-hcro who dflft to tfc» of
Bee la as aatomobife* Bot he dor*
aot ko» it s» oat of his ^dary. which
hit* week.
The hay’s 'ather is om of the wealth
teat aterctocota in the etty. and the
boy Is learning tbe business of Btock
broking. The father insisted that his
son should learn the whole routine
of the office, and so although he was
born with a s lver spoon in his tnouth
that mouth is toil ay used for licking
stamps.
According to a city merchant,
wealthy office boys are by no means
uncommon "Business men who have
made money by their own exertions."
he said "know the advantage of start
ing from the bottom, and they often
place their sons in the offices of
! friends, and don't in the least resent
! it if their boys are set to lick stamps
I and post letters as the first steps in
I tbetr apprenticeship.
"I know one boy who. when he is
j twenty-one. will come into an income
at least twice as large as that of his
i present employer. 1 remember his
boss asking him to stay late one eve
; nlng You would have smiled to hear
the office boy- ask to be excused, as
he was dining with his people at the
, savoy and had to hurry home and
dress. \ ■ j
Boarder for 45 Years' Tenure.
Right less la the midst of a dis
trict of trade and traffic, near Aator
y*ce. w Pittshorgh. is a family hotel
manured hr a woman For more than
M j««r» the hotel has b«ea la the
hands of one family. All the furnish
ings speak at genii) it j and the fine
points of (ttcoraa Of the one hun
dred boarders. *ve are rooag soon.
The hotel la am* at the strictest la
the city and no person given u> levity
or iid tin sob of conversation can ex
pect to rvm iln. The waiting list ia
| longer than that for membership in
I a popular woman's club. The star
j boarder, who ts looked upon with the
j greatest respect by all the recent com
j era—those who have been received
within the last ten years—Is a clergy
man, who. for the last 45 years has
made the hotel his headquarters.
Not Alone.
Plgg—"The way of the transgressor
I l» hard " Fogg—"Yes; but the trouble
• It la generally hard on somebody
eiae."
Make Tea of Native Herbs.
Why should we Import tea from
China and India and coffee from Brazil
wh»n our own meadows, roadsides and
gardens contain aromatic plants that
could be made to give us just as deli
cious beverages? asked Dr. Bouquet
in an article in the Parts Temps. He
suggests the common vervain and the
bee-balm as examples. Others of
w hich our ancestors used to make in
fusions are or wge blossoms, the buds
cf lime trees, ulack currant leaves and
mint.
COMMON SENSE SUGGESTIONS IN HOG LOT
Prize Berkshire Hog.
Hogs are fond of sugar beets and
thrive on them.
Mange is mainly caused by filth in
the sleeping quarters.
Id the hot weather hogs should have
| good pasture and little grain.
Sunlight is a natural tonic for the
little pigs and they revel in it.
The feeding pails should be
scrubbed and scalded every day.
Young pigs that are weaned should
be fed four or five times each day.
We do not believe in dosing hogs
with medicine except in serious cases.
Beware of the sway-back pig, no
matter if all the other points are good.
The hog is an economic accessory
on the well managed diversified farm.
Reading other people's opinions oft
en shows us how far off we are in our
own.
Hogs thrive best when clean, and
they will always keep clean if given
the chance.
Excellence is the result of hard la‘
bor and paying attention to little de
tails in pig raising.
it i6 a bad practise to take all the
pigs from the sow at once. She should
be dried up gradually.
Just because it is only a hog. do not
forget that clean, pure water is more
acceptable than slime.
Give plenty of range, clean pens,
clean feed, clean water and the hog
will as a rule take care of itself.
Select your brood pigs from the
largest litters as they are generally
better breeders and better feeders.
Any man who persistently breeds
his gilts too young will find the quality
of his breed steadily deteriorating.
Select your brood pigs from the
largest litters, as they are generally
better breeders and better feeders.
No matter what the subsequent use
of the pig on the farm is to be his
early development should be carefully
guarded.
When the green corn comes along a
little later, do not stuff young pigs
all they will eat or thumps will be the
result.
A sow that suckles a big litter of
hungry pigs needs a great deal of
nourishing feed, but some farmers
1 never seem to learn that fact.
The farmer not prepared with wov
| en wire fencing, with ample alfalfa
or clover pastures, is not properly
prepared for the economical produc
tion of pork.
Newly purchased hogs should be
carefully examined for vermin, and
should not be turned out with the herd
: until they are known to be free from
’ tbese pests.
Certainly a good forage crop for the
hogs is one of the most profitable
crops a swine breeder can raise espe
cially when one considers the fact
they will harvest it without cost.
■ The main points to be looked after
to be successful with hogs are good
j shelter, a warm, dry bed. freedom from
! lice and worms, plenty of good drink
! ing water and nourishing food at regu
lar hours.
1
A Fine Specimen.
FEW PECULIARITIES
OF SWARMING BEES
Old Queen With Half of Workers
Leaves Old Home and Starts
New Colony.
(By FRANCIS JaEGERj
Bees increase by swarming, or di
viding one large colony oi bees into
two. The old queen with about half
of the bees leaves the old home and
starts a new colony somewhere else
The young queen will take charge of
the old home as soon as she hatches.
Long before swarming-tlme bees be
gin to make preparations for it. First
they raise a large number of drones
or male bees, from which some day
the young queen may choose her mate
When later the colony increases in
strength the queen lays from eight to
twenty eggs in especially prepared
wax cells called queen cells.
The egg laid In a queen cell, being
a common worker egg. will hatch into
a larva which the bees will feed abun
dantly on "royal jelly." This special .
food and the large cell will make the
egg develop a queen. The ninth day
after the egg is laid, the bees cover
the wormlike larva which hatches
from it, with a porous cap. The queen
cell at this time is not unlike a pea
nut in appearance. As soon as the ,
first queen cell ih capped over, a sign !
is given and the old queen with her
workers leaves the hive.
After circling in the air for a while '
the swarm settles upon some tree or
shrub and sends out scouts to find a
new home for them, and the old queen
never again sees her old home or her
'children, and even if starving to death
sh^ will not go back to the old house
for one drop of honey.
—
Feed and Care Count Much.
It is wrong to expect the cow to
yield a large profit simply because ehe
is well bred. She must have feed and
care or the breeding will amount to
nothing.
Weedy and Grassy Crops.
The man who fails to properly pre
pare his land and cultivate with the
hoe and plow is the man who is apt
to have weedy and grassy crops.
Soft-Meated Fowl.
The only way to secure a soft-meat
ed bird is to keep them growing “from
hatch to hatch.”
Grind Hen’s Feed.
Grind about one-third of the hen's
feed for her and she will be more
helpful In filling the egg basket.
MAINTAIN FERTILITY
BY STOCK RAISING
Barnyard Manure and Good
Phosphate Produce Excellent
Results, Used Together.
All the grains, when sent to mar
ket, carry away from the farm plant
food taken from the soil. The same la
true of milk, poultry and poultry prod
ucts, cattle, sheep and swine. There
is a steady and ceaseless outward cur
rent of the elements of fertility. Ev
ery load of hay, vegetables and fruits
means a loss of ammonia, phosphoric
acid and potash.
In trying to replace fertility lost by
the never-ceasing sale of products, the
farmer uses barnyard manure. This
material contains less of the three
elements of plant food above men
tioned than the crops extract from
the soil. It is evident, therefore, that,
sooner or later, a complete commer
cial fertilizer, furnishing ammonia,
phosphoric acid and potash must be
bought in order to make good these
losses.
This is why commercial phosphates
came into existence.
Barnyard manure and a good phos
phate produce excellent results when
used together.
A typical artificial manure or phos
phate for grain may be said to con
tain 2 per cent of ammonia, 8 per
cent of available phosphoric acid and
2 to 5 per cent of potash.
Routing Cabbage Worm.
There are various ways of routing
that universal pest, the cabbage worm.
Road dust, wood ashes or flour
sprinkled lightly over the cabbage
heads when wet with dew will inter
fere with the workings of the insect.
Soapsuds sprinkled over the plants
hits also the desired effect. But, per
haps there is nothing more satisfac
tory than salt and water. This not
only finishes the worms but tends to
make the heads develop more fully.
Shelter for Manure.
Few farmers feel that they can af
ford a manure shed, but an even bel
ter arrangement is a covered shed
with a cement floor where all manure
is dumped and on which the animal*
run.
Storing Alfalfa Hay.
When there is any large amount of
alfalfa hay to be loaded and put in
the barns, the hay loader should of
course be used. In this case the hay
must be allowed to cure in the wind
row.
Suits for Playmates of Neptune
THE playmates of Neptune swarm
the beaches tn costumes and bath
i ing caps almost as varied as the faces
of their wearers. Since the introduc
i tion of rubber fabric in all sorts of
! colors and patterns there is a choice
of solid colors or gay stripes or at
tractive plaids. The entire garment
or the sash and tie and cap only may
be made of this cloth. It is, of course,
impervious to water, and the bathers
emerge from the sea with water run
ning off from garments which cannot
be water-soaked.
This rubber tissue is used for caps,
ties, and girdles, or sashes. Oftener
than for the bathing suit, perhaps be
cause it is a novelty which is not
thoroughly introduced. And also cer
tain fabrics, like taffeta silk and mo
hair. make suits that shed water
readiiy and held color creditably.
The suit shown in the picture may
be made in either of these fabrics
and trimmed with cotton or light wool
braid (shrunk before it is applied).
: Like all the garments now fashionable
it is cut on simple lines. The waist
and skirt are joined under a braid
; belt, and the dress fastens with snap
fastenings like those on a glove.
This one-piece suit is worn over
silk bloomers that reach barely to the
knee. It is all right for the miss, or
for anyone else, to dispense with
stockings and sandals, but few people
care to avail themselves of this privi
lege. The feet are more comfortable
in light sandals. And stockings make
quite an important element in the
good effect of the suit. It Is an itemi
of style, this dressing of the feet^
properly. The cap, as the picture)
shows, is quite an elaborate bit of
headwear, quite different from the
simple puffed cap of rubber cloth
which preceded it.
But the pretty bit of headwear pic
tured is hardly practical for the girl
that really swims. And she who divea
would be sure to leave It behind her
when she comes up. It is all right for
those who only paddle about in the
water and stroll on the shore. For
real water sport the plain rubber cap '
worn down over the ears and fitting
snugly about the head is the only one
that will keep the hair dry, or partly
dry.
Every year the importance of teach
ing girls to sw-im looms up larger and
larger. And once the little ones form,
a taste for the water it is easy for
them to learn, because they desire so
much to know how. Boys strike out
for themselves, usually, and soon mas
, ter the art and enjoy themselves for
| ever after.
Parasols at the Polo Game
I
A GREAT throng of smartly dressed
people. New Yorkers, English and
people from the "outside" world, gath
ered to watch the international polo
matches, arrayed in clothes that need
not fear any comparison. In the
games the English literally galloped
away with the trophy, and the Ameri
cans took their defeat with a good na
ture altogether admirable. Rut if
the occupants of the boxes and grand
stands might have been matched
against any other such concourse, any
where, as to the excellence of their
appareling, it is safe to say the New
Yorkers would have more than held
their own.
The field was a cheerful spectacle,
with the stands packed with men in
light suits and straw hats, making a
suitable background for the gay tints
worn by the women in their summer
finery. The colors were soft, with
many white and a considerable num
ber of black and white costumes in
evidence. Except for 'turquoise-blue
and bright green, nearly all colors
were so toned down in shade or so
lightened to tint that hardly a trace
of the former liking for the strong or
garish remained.
There was a liberal display of col
ored parasols, and these provided the
decided color notes. They were of
V
cerise, or green or gold or (In greater
numbers than any other) black and
white combinations. There were para
sols with wide black and white stripes,
running around or up and down, and
there were those of narrower stripes.
There were checks and bars in black,
and white, and many of these had
narrow borders of ribbon In vivid col
ors shirred to the edge.
Perhaps the best-liked model is the.
stripe pictured in the Illustration.
This style is often shown with a wide
black or colored border about the edge
and often with a flowered border of
roses against a colored ground. A
black and white parasol is the best
substitute for the all-black (which
seems to be not in high favor just
now). In this particular combination,
either in stripes or checks, one may
add a border of narrow shirred rib
bon in any of the bright colors, nnd
change this border to suit.
Next to the black and white and the
all-white parasols, green has found the
greatest number of admirers. Cerise
may be conceded the third place, and
after that gold or orange color. The
black parasol, except in the small
hand shades or ‘•carriage” parasols Is
rather conspicuously absent from the
fashion parade.
JULIA BOTTCMLEY.
FASHION ADOPTS NEW COLOR!
Yellow in Any Pale Shade Is Now Dis
tinctly Proper for the Trimming
ef Lingerie.
For a long time yellow was hardly
coanted In with pale pink and pale j
blue as an appropriate color for all
occasions—for use on linegrie and !
negligee, for the touch of pale color :
on the lace or chiffon blouse and for !
the light-colored blouse itself. Now j
ellow is in all its glory. For not only j
are yellow ribbons used to lace up all
sorts of lingerie and yellow roses and
ribbons used on negligees, but tiny
yellow muslin borders appear on hiind
kerchiefs and yellow blouses of chif
fon and crepe de chine and linen are
much worn. There are many new and
interesting names for the various pop
ular shades of yellow. Probably maizet
is the best of the light shades for gen
eral wear. Along with the increased
use of yellow comes the increased use;
of yellow roses for corsage flowers and,
trimming for evening frocks.