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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 13, 1945)
_WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Mac Arthur Lands to Rule Japan; Press Demands for Open Airing Of Disaster at Pearl Harbor ____________ Heleased by Western Newspaper Union. — —— tEDITOR'S NOTE: Whea splnlsna are expressed In these rnlomni. they arr those of Western Newspaper Union's news anoltets and not nereosnrllv of this newspaper.) In conference aboard U8K Missouri, Jap navy officers chart Tokyo bay for Admiral Halsey’s staff preparatory to American fleet's triumphant entry as part of General MacArtbur’s occupation force. JAPAN: Mac's Show Cool as a cucumber, Gen. Douglas MacArthur stepped from a trans port plane at Japan’s Atsugi air drome 20 miles southwest of Tokyo, smoking bis large, corncob pipe. Stopping to look around, he saw the field abuzz with activity, as mem-^ bers of the 11th air borne division, landing from scores of aircraft, busied themselves for the occupa tion. Evidently pleased, Japan's new boss then made his way forward, stopping to greet Lieutenant Gen eral Eichelberger, chief of the U. S. 8th army, which had fought in the Philippines. "Hello, Bob." were his first words upon his historic landing on enemy soil. In landing to take over control of Japan, U. S. forces looked upon an extensive scene of devastation in Tokyo and Yokohama, scorched by repeated B-29 and naval carrier raids. Unlike Europe where splin tered masonry cluttered every thing, charred hulks and ashes were all that remained from thousands of Oriental frame buildings Whole areas were burned out, with only buildings encompassed by spacious walks, lawns or clearings spared from the roaring flames which once swept block upon block. Despite the widespread damage, Japanese held their heads high in contrast to the Germans, who had humbled themselves in an effort to please their conquerors. Peering from windows as G.I.s streamed by, or walking the streets, or setting up temporary shelters from salvaged tin, the little brown people remained perfectly composed with typical Oriental indifference Promising to match MarAr thnr’i landing at Atsugi airfield in abeer drama was the sched uled surrender ceremonies aboard the (TKS Missouri in Tokyo bay. with Lt. Gen. Jona than Wainwrtght, rescued from a prison camp In Manchuria, present to witness the capitula tion of the haughty imperial staff which dictate.il terms to him up on the fall of Corregidor over three years ago. LEND-LEASE: Asks Write-Off In asking congress to write off the 42 billion dollar lend-lease program, constituting 15 per cent of the total U. S. war expense, President Harry S. Truman declared that adequate repayment not only had been made by recipients through their war ef forts, but also through their agree ment to promote international trade through a lowering of tariff and oth er barriers. Further, the chief executive said that if so huge a debt were to be added to the financial obligations al ready incurred by Allied notions, it would react disastrously upon our own trade, decreasing production and employment at home. Whereas there once was talk that the U. S. would retake tanks, trucks or machine tools lend-leased, top of ficials said, little of such material will be retrieved since reclamation would only add to the mounting stockpiles of war surplus in this country. Of the 42 billion dollars of lend-lease, against which the U. S. obtained only 5t4 billion dollars in corresponding aid, half was in mili tary supplies and the remainder in civilian goods like food OCCUPY RICH LAND: The first Japanese soil to feel the Impact of American occupation com«*« within a region which would have been a prime military prize while the war was on. Atsugi airport, where the Yanks landed, lies in the southwest section of the Kwanto or Tokyo plain, nor mally Japan’s most productive farm and industrial region. Nearly 10 miles inland from Sagami bay, this site is only 20 miles southwest of the capital and largest city, Tokyo. PEARL HARBOR: Rap Report Despite release by army and navy boards of inquiry of 200,000 word re ports covering tne Pearl Harbor disas ter of December 7, 1941, congressional circles remained dissatisfied over findings, demand ing open trials of principals involved and access to infor mation upon which the investigators Gen. Marshall based their conclu sions. No sooner had the reports been made public, adding the names of Gen. George C. Marshall, Adm Harold C. Stark and former Secre tary of State Cordell Hull to those of Maj. Gen. Walter C Short and Rear Adm. Husband E. Kimmel for failure to take proper precautions, than Chairman May (Denv, Ky.) of the house military affairs committee declared he would not stand for •'any whitewash " The people are entitled to know the whole truth based on all the fncts, he said. On the other side of congress, Senator Taft (Rep., Ohio) asserted the reports left a lot to be told, and full evidence studied by the courts of inquiry should be revealed now that military security no long er is involved. Issuance of the report hod other repercussions, too. President Harry S. Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson took strong excep tion to the censure of General Mar shall, the two terming criticism of the army chief of staff "entirely un justified” while praising his "great skill. energy and efficiency" throughout the Pearl Harbor epi sode. In naming General Marshall, the investigators charged he failed to keep General Short. Hawaiian army commander, fully advised as to the growing tenseness of the Japanese situation; failed to send him addi tional instructions after the U. S. ultimatum to Tokyo made war in evitable; failed to furnish him on the evening of December 6 and morning of December 7 with critical intelligence indicating a rupture of relations with Nippon, and failed to look into and determine the state of readiness in Hawaii during the crit ical period. Then chief of naval operations but since retired, Admiral Stark was censured for delaying a warning of an impending attack on Pearl Har bor by sending it by cable rather than telephone. The two hours dif ference in transmission would have enabled the navy to make prepara tions for the assault. In singling out Hull, the boards averred that he might have conduct ed negotiations with Jap Emissaries No mura and Kurusu differently to gain precious time for the army and navy to gird for action. To crown the navy’s negligence, pointed up by fail ure to take proper precautions even after being apprized of a Jap task force’s Cordell Hull presence in near Hawaiian waters, subordinate officers did not report the sinking of an enemy submarine in outer Pearl Harbor the morning of the fateful attack to the army. Insect Repellents DDT is the most effective insecti cide yet tried for bedbug control, ac cording to information to the Na tional Association of Housing Of ficials. This fact was determined at the end of an eight months’ experi ment. involving more than 3,000 in fested dwelling units in 35 develop ments throughout the country. In most cases, it was found, hous ing units treated with a 4 per cent solution of DDT in deodorized kero j sene are protected against reinfesta j tion for at least 00 days. WAR CRIMES: List Defendants Not as blustery as he was when Germany ruled the European roost, Relchsmarshal Hermann Goering topped the list of 24 Nazis sched* uled for trial as war criminals ear ly in October. Named with Goering was a gal axy of former Nazi bigwigs accused of preparing the nation financially and industrially for war; scheming diplomatically for advantage; regi menting the nation internally, and leading the German armed legions into attack. Next to Goering, Rudolph Hess, Hitler’s choice for his successor be fore he flew to Scotland in a vain effort to receive Allied support for an attack on Russia, heads up the list of defendants. Close behind are Joachim von Ribbentrop, who, as foreign minister, directed Nazi diplomacy; Martin Bormann, head of the people's army; Franz von Papen, big shot in German politics and master of international in trigue; Adm. Karl Doenitz, who di rected U-boat warfare, and Field Marshal Wilhelm Kietel, chief of the wehrmacht. Joint U. K.. British, Russian and French plans to try the ac cused before an international military tribunal in the former Nazi shrine of Nuerenberg, how ever, did not meet with the full approval of many distinguished members of the American Bar asaoelation. Declaring that Allied procedure was without historical precedent, P. F. Gault, constitutional and inter national law expert, said the sys tem of trial offered a dangerous pat tern which might be followed in the future against the President of the U. S. down to ordinary citizens. Un der procedure established, trials may be held outside the presence of the accused; no appeal is provided against Judgment; the tribunal may admit any evidence it wishes, and also determine the relevancy of tes timony. Working Capital Up Well heeled to meet reconver sion problems, U. S. corpora tions possessed almost 47 billion dollars worth of working capital on March 31, the Securities and Exchange commission reported. Of the total of almost 47 bil lion dollars, SEC said nearly 25 billion dollars was in cash on hand or in banks. Holdings of government securities showed a slight drop to almost 20 billion dollars, still substantially in ex cess of tax liabilities of about 16 billion dollars. In addition to current work ing capital, corporations have been promised further incre ments through income and ex cess profits credits; allowances for stepped-up debt retirement of emergency facilities, and pro visions for new figuring of base period returns for excess profit determination POSTWAR ARMY: Asks Draft Even as President Harry S. Tru man asked for an extension of draft of men 18 through 25 for two-year periods of service to provide re placements for dischargees, both the army and navy announced revi sion of their plans to step up the release of enlisted personnel and of ficers. With congressional sentiment for extension of the draft still lukewarm, Mr. Truman declared that the army would be unable to meet postwar demands through volunteering if dis charges were to continue at an ap preciable rate to relieve present sol diers from extensive overseas serv ice. To speed up recruiting, how ever. the President recommended that the regular army ceiling of 280,000 be raised and inducements offered volunteers. Meanwhile, the army revealed plans for lowering the point-stand ard for discharge from 85 to 80 to bring about release of 6,050.000 G.I.s by next July. Assuming there will be 500,000 new draftees and 300,000 volunteers, army strength would be pegged at 2.500,000 men. In addition In announcing that the point score for enlisted per sonnel would be cut, the army disclosed that officers hereaft er would also be discharged on a genera] basis rather than after individual review of their need as at present. Further, the army said no men with 60 or more points would be sent over seas and the discharge age would be lowered from 38 years. To help expedite discharges of 2,839,000 men within the next year, the navy announced a revision of its point-scores to include overseas duty. Previously, it had been planned to release between 1.500,000 and 2.500,000 men within 12 to 18 months. FARM TAXES: Average farm real estate taxes per acre increased over 3 per cent from 1943 to 1944, the first increase since the outbreak of the war, with tlie index of real estate taxes per acre for the U. S. (1909-13-100) ad vancing from 178 in 1943 to 184 in 1944. Since 1934 average taxes per acre have varied within very nar row limits and although the increase in 1944 is the sharpest within this period the index still does not ex ceed the high points for the period, which were 186 in 1937 and 1939. ! Washington Dipestj Allied Occupation of Germany Thankless Job I Methods for Restoring Normalcy to Reich ' Meet With Criticism From Smaller Liberated Nations of Europe. By BAUK1IAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNIJ Service. 1616 I Street N. W„ Washington. I). C. With the fanfare accompanying the first steps of the occupation of Japan now dying on the Pacific breezes, some hints of the heavy responsibili ties of Uncle Sam's European problems begin to appear. Already the small nations which were occupied by the Axis and whose peoples resisted the Nazi-Fas cist yoke are being heard from in a rising chorus of complaint and criticism against the Allies. Belgium and Holland are perhaps loudest in their charges of what they feel is discrimination against them in favor of their former enemy neighbor, but voices are raised as far away as Greece and Yugoslav ia, which say that Germany and Italy should not receive material assistance on the same basis as the once-occupied countries. The charges from Holland are the most specific. The Netherlands gov ernment has presented claims for a share in both the external and in ternal assets of Germany as repara tions The note handed the Allies asks for immediate return of loot now within the occupied zones in Germany, which the Dutch claim is listed and identifiable. They say that parts of their country were stripped bare of capital and consumer goods; that some of the former, such as machinery, is now being used to the advantage of the Germans. In addition to the formal protest. Col. J. C. A. Faure, deputy chief of staff of the Netherlands civil affairs administration, was quoted in Lon don as saying that the Allied mili tary governors were playing into German hands when they prevented the Dutch, Belgians and French from reclaiming immediately ma chinery and other property stolen from them by the Nazi armies. He said that protests to SHAEF, while it existed, were fruitless “and when the new child (Ihe British and American occupation organization) was born it was too young.” He ex plained it was understandable that since the Allied commanders in their respective spheres have their hands full in creating order out of chaos in Germany, each wants to do a good Job, and for that reason doesn’t want to lose any material aid that will help. But that doesn’t provide much comfort for the Dutch or Belgian farmer who looks across the fron tier and sees a German peasant driv ing home a cow which he swears he knows is his by its crumpled horn and the spot on its rump. The same applies to the factory owner who is positive his property is turning wheels in Germany. Army Aim: Speed Job From sources in close touch with conditions in Germany I heard this example which pretty well echoes Dutch explanatibns but doesn’t solve their problem. For instance: An Al lied commander moves into a Ger man town. One of the first things he wants is light and power. His men repair the power plant. Later it is claimed that the main dynamo was stolen from Holland. That is not the commander's affair. Light ing the town is. His job is to re store the place as nearly as possible to a self-supporting community. But that is not the end, for the restoration of European economy as a whole is of vital importance and naturally those nations which suf fered under the German heel feel they should have first call on the sinews of normality, especially when those sinews were tom from their body economic by Nazi hands. On this score there have already been rumblings of complaint against the American occupation. Already the wheels of German factories are turning in the American zone. The purpose is to manufacture goods and provide services required to keep the occupation forces going and to supply the minimum needs of the community. The Germans have to have shovels and hoes and rakes if they are to till their fields and cultivate their gardens in order to get enough food to live on. These tools, if made and sold, would be in competition with goods the Americans make But there are not enough ships to carry a vast supply of such products across the Atlantic and besides BARBS . . . by Baukhnge Now that we can get ’em by the carton, a lot of us will go back to a pack a day and be satisfied The administration is approach ing the proposed labor - manage ment - government conference wdth gloves on — not boxing gloves, but that is what they are afraid they might need unless the animals are tamed in advance. Business Week predicts a boom by next summer. Remember '29 — what goes up comes down. Mean while there may be tough going. Which is another good argument for keeping those war bonds and buy ing more. The honeymoon may be over in Washington but the bills are just coming in to congress. America hat a big waiting demand of her own. Therefore, in many cases German capital may be used to resuscitate German factories and Germany money will buy its prod ucts. The Americans are doing ev erything to facilitate this type of re construction (light industry and manufacture of household equip ment). If necessary and they can do it, they will see that a missing shaft or flywheel is obtained some how. They permit the Germans to combine partly damaged factories into one complete plant They en courage reconversion of certain plants from wartime to civilian use. It so happens that of all the occu pied zones the one which the Ameri cans control is capable of creating most easily a balanced economy. It is a land of small towns and vil- ( lages. most of which were not im- : portant enough to have been i bombed. It is a land of cattle and of orchards, of fields and meadows. It is highly probable that with American organization to guide the people this area will be the first to regain a fairly normal life. If we don’t help the Germans, we’ll be criticized for fumbling; the occupation will be made more dif ficult. If we do help, we will be under heavy criticism from the peo ples of less fortunate areas and charged with treating the former enemy better than we treat our friends. The British operate in a far less favorable area, for they have the bombed-out Ruhr on their hands and they control a territory whose exist ence depended on industries which no longer exist and which will not be permitted to exist in the future. Such factories as they can operate to make the community self-sup- I porting may well be equipped in part I with stolen machinery. Russ Strip German Industry The pattern of Russian occupation is quite different. The Russians know what they are doing in their zone. They are treating the "little people” with kindliness, assuring them that they need have no fear of oppres sion. Their apparent intention is to divide up the land and give the Ger mans a chance to win a livelihood from the soil, meanwhile giving them a thorough indoctrination in the advantages of the Soviet form of government. At the same time they are removing every movable piece of machinery to Russia. Meanwhile. Poland will be allowed to scrape together such German ag ricultural equipment as she can sal vage in East Prussia. Disease is rampant in Poland; there are short ages in all kinds of equipment. The Germans took most of the agricul tural machinery; much of the rest was destroyed and the whole coun try wrecked. The other next-door 'c-ighbors have not even such an opportunity to recuperate their losses. And so the Americans will prob ably bear the onus of helping the for mer enemy most of all, although their only intent is to carry out the program agreed upon by the Allies. America wants no loot. She does want all she can get in the way of important formulae: all she can learn of German methods; all of the ideas which can be adapted success fully to American life Already some valuable scientific information has been obtained and in many cases the German scientists, with that disinterested attitude character istic of their profession, are quite as willing to work in an American lab oratory as they were in one run by the Nazis. America also wants to finish her occupation job and get out A part of that job is to make the Germans self-supporting. Thus, it is quite likely that an other complaint will be raised that we are forming too friendly a bond with people of a nation the world came to detest so thoroughly « • • In the years 1940-43, a total of 7,851 persons were killed in farm accidents in the U S Machinery caused 47 per cent of the deaths, j livestock 20 per cent, and all other causes 33 per cent. Wisconsin was j the most dangerous state for farm : workers, with 502 killed in four i years; and New York had 456 acci- ' dental farm deaths Aluminum Paint to Improve Old Farms Delay Deterioration By Proper Painting One of the most common tell tale signs of deterioration on the farm is blistered and peeling paint. Yet, paint does remain one of the quickest and most practical of "repair” materials and the best way of stopping deterioration. The average farmer does not re paint his service buildings oftener Paint adds to life of building. than every 10 years. Cheap white paints will not last that long. Aluminum paint is recommended for agricultural uses because it can be applied satisfactorily to almost any kind of paintable surface. It serves equally well on steel, wood, brick, concrete, plaster, wallboard, galvanized iron, asphalt roofing and even canvas. Aluminum paint is an effective temperature reducer. A coat on the roof of an uninsulated building will reduce the interior temperature of that building by as much as 10 to 14 degrees. The reduction is effec tive in a chicken coop, hog house, dairy barn, milk or egg building or the home. Because aluminum paint reflects approximately 70 per cent of the heat striking it, roof tempera ture as high as 140 degrees can be reduced to 95 or 100 degrees. Because of its high moisture proofing powers and its ability to withstand washing as well as con stant exposure to steam, fume and other corrosive agencies, aluminum paint has long been widely applied in dairies and similar plants. It is also used to protect all kinds of farm equipment and machinery. Catch Boring Waste When using a brace and bit to bore a bole in wood that is over head, and prevent the borings from falling into the eyes, a funnel may be utilized. The bit extends through the funnel, giving it freedom, but holds the cup in place. Postwar Machinery Track Tractors Postwar farm tractor, designed by B. F. Goodrich, combining the slecK ness of a racing auto and the rugged track-laying ability of the famous military half-track. The self-track iaying tractors move at high speed on highways, and are said to have a drawbar pull nearly twice as great as that of wheels and exert lighter pressure per unit of ground contact which reduces soil packing. Saves Apples by Air By applying the principle of the gas mask to protect apples in stor age, apple growers may save thou sands of dollars annually, accord ing to research work conducted at Cornell university. The conditioning prevents storage ; apples from developing a “scald" I disease, which causes the fruit to becosie unsightly and to lose mar ket value. One of the greatest prob lems of apple storage has been the formation of gases causing damage. Sideways Through Canal Although the larger floating dry docks of the U. S. navy are too wide to enter the locks of the Panama canal, the job of towing one through this waterway was ac complished recently by Ailing one of its hollow side walls with water and tilting the huge craft on its side. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT HELP WANTED—WOMEN BEAUTY OPERATORS Excellent opportunity with growth con cern. Establish yourself now for a lucra tive postwar Job. Your earnings will be high now. and your future secure. MAISON LORENCO, INC. % J. L. Brandeindc Sons. Omaha. Nebraska, or Gold & Co.. Lincoln. Nebraska. EXPERIENCED GIRL WANTED for general housework. No i..umirn IRVING JENSEN. IKIOl Country t'lob Bird Sioux City, Iowa - 7-17TO -d FARM MACHINERY & EQUIP. Grain Elevator Machinery and supplies of all kinds. Truck Lifts. Head Drives, HeKiBg. Cups, Boots. Welding. Trucks Seales, Pain. Roof Coating T. S. McSHANE CO. 1113-17 Howard St. Omaha Nebraska Phone: JAckson 1378. FARMS AND RANCHES_ FOR salt: Very highly improved, all modern, Gage Co. 460 acre grain fk live stock farm. 260 acres crop land, one-half bottom, 100 acres plowed for wheat. Flow ing well in feed-lot, 8.000 bu. elevter. Price $46,000. Ill health reason for selling HOMER WENZEL. Beatrice, Nebr.. Hi. K HOME FURNISHINGS & APPLE REPAIRS FOR ANY STOVE FURNACE or BOILER Prompt dhipaip.ntg 81nce 1S82 Order Through Your Deaker Compliments OMAHA STOVE REPAIR WORN! OMAHA. NEBRASKA Read the Ad* LOWE* WINOOW SHADES NEARLY TO THE SIU, PLACE TANGLEFOOT FLY PAPER WHERE EARLY MORNING LIGHT WILL ATTRACT FUEL TO IT WORKS UH A CHARM /\ Lr\ H'a tka old reliable that nave* faHa Economical, not rationed, for tala a* kardwara. drug and grocary dorai CATCHtSTHf THE TANGLEFOOT COMPANY, Srend Wepkfc 4, Mick of cues showed yV , clinical improve- Nl ment after only 10 * days treatment with SORETONE in impartial, scientific test. 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