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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (July 24, 1903)
TREES AMONG STUMPS. A SjHicin or Orchard Cultivation Thnt Ih Highly Itccoiuinciidcd by .Some Authorities. MAKES ITS OWN LIGHT. Utio)-, Invented liy n tJcrntan CSenlna. In liluhtcd liy Direct Action of the Wave. W.li -. ti ?JS. ?iffl.41 rli 1 r I " ' ,jc7aKflf?l'T ( "rifflHfwtofiuIzl Wr. ..m fliK CT) t" ti,4 I If .. Vf f V T"y ,1 1-. UiiiuW'ika CHURNIKG IN PERSIA. KoniadN In the Shah's HcmIiii ClInK t v Jlcthnd In Vhc 'I'IiuumiiiiUn of Year A. A method eo primitive that it Is -almost unknown elsewhere is still used by the Persian nomadsin churning their butter. In the shelter of the goatskin tent is swung a crusade receptacle, also of goat shin, in which the milk is dumped. Then it is rocked gently by hand until the separation of the fat from the milk la complete, when the resultant oily CirURNlNQ IN PERSIA. mass, unsalted, as is all oriental butter, is ready for the consumer. There are few more interesting people, In these days of Tupld progress, than the Persian nomad. His home Is where night overtakes bim, and he sleeps when weariness suggests that ho fall. Ordina rily his roof Is heaven's starry dome, 3ut in case of storms ho crawls into the nheltcr of his little goatskin tent, where a surprisingly largo family can bo made comfortable. The Persian, like tho Moor, docs not encourage the establishment of prisons, death being a quicker and less expensive method of punishing criminals. Torture in countless forms is so common a sight as to attract little attention, and when death supervenes tho body lies where it falls until taken 'away by relatives. Chicago Journal. APPLES FOR THE COWS. Jfo Other fircpn Knot! Produce aw Much .Mlllf or C.vpiilrr fSaln In Healthy K1c.mIi. There is no better green food than ap ples for cows, but, of course, It won't do 1o let them have all they -will eat at first, as such a course will bo sure to make them sick; I have known It to kill them. Years ago I had a friend who owned a cider mill and kept a large number of cows. He was careful at first in letting cows have but little pomace, but after once accustomed to it be let them run in a field where nil tho pomace was drawn, and the cows ate all they desired. They gave a large quantity of milk and gained much in flesh during tho season. To feed apples or potatoes safely to cattle the same may'be fed by placing the cow in a stanchion, having a bar across over her neck so as not to allow her to raise her head up quite level with her body. What causes them to choko is, when tho mouth is full they raise the head so high that tho round apples or potatoes roll down their throat without being masti cated. If to be fed out of doors two stakes or posts may bo set into tho ground and holes bored through them for a rod or pole, and feed placed in a box so the cow can reach it when placed with neck between stakes. This is very much easier than to take pains to cut or mash the apples. J. S. Wood ward, in Rural New Yorker. Oleo Mahcrs Are Active. Tho dairyman who thinks that tho oleo makers are going to stop coloring oleo without making a vigorous at tempt to find a method that tho law will not forbid is very much mistaken, says Hoard's Dairyman. Ever since the law was passed all tho skill of some of the best chemists In tho country has been at work on the question of find ing a natural color for oleo. At ono time palm oil seemed to furnish what was wanted and a color that tho analyst could nt)t identify. But what ono chem ist puts together another one can usu ally pull apart, and a method of identi fying the palm oil color bus been found, and tho successful manufacture of col ored untaxed oleo is still in the dis tance. "War on Canada Thistles. Canadian thistles can bo effectually destroyed by covering several inches deep with a heavy mulch where they grow in small clusters only. Any kind of mulch will do, but it should be applied liberally in order to smother out tho weeds effectually, say from six to ten inches deep. But when iargo areas are covered with thistle, mulching is not practical, and in all such coses we find that clean culture is the most effective method of destroying same. Farm Journal. " 2- " Mr. Samuel B. Woods, president of tho Virginia Horticultural society, writing to the Rural Now-Yorker, sayn: I gave the matter of planting orchards in new ground much study some years since. The result was that we planted IM.OOO trees and will set 20,000 more this spring, among the stumps. We cut the trees down, saw up what will do for lumber and burn the rest on tho ground. Then wo plant the trees in rows very regularly laid off, and hoe and bush them thoroughly, going over the ground about four times a season. Wo are planting rough mountain land from 1,000 to 1,800 feet ahove the sea level. We bush with blades and mat tocks, and we are very anxious to learn what cheap chemical will kill a stump, and the best way and time to apply it, as tho cost of work would bo much re duced if we did not have to take off so many sprouts from tho big stumps. As wo kill out the growth we use a colter, putting tho land into corn or peas, and will thus eventually give nil the or chard cultivation with a plow. I am sat isfied that It is a positive advantage to leave tho stumps; they carry the moisture deep into tho ground, help the drainage and enrich tho soil by decay. You may have noticed that a young tree planted by an ohl oak, hickory or chestnut stump Is the best tree in tho orchard. I have. At tho samo time I believe that tho more cultivation given to the new ground tho better for the trees. Some people fear that the worms always found In decayed wood will at tack the growing trees, but there is no danger from that source, as tho worm which lives on decayed wood is of a different kind entirely from the worm which attacks growing trees. You might as well expect a dovo to eat a hawk's food. Wo have In Albemarle county some orchards now in flno bearing raised on above plan. I have been told of a peach orchard, tho returns from which have In recent years run up to $25,000 per annum, which was grown among the stumps. I was talking lost year to a man who has ono of tho largest orchards In tho state, and who hnd spent a good deal of money in pulling up stumps and getting the land abso lutely cleared, and ho stated to mo that if he had to do it over again he would leave the stumps, as ho regarded their advantages as outweighing their disadvantages, and In addition tho cost of the work was tremendous. He told me that it cost as much to fill up tho hole as it did to pull tho stump, which I had not thought of. REMOVING VINE ROOTS. A Ilnndy Tool Which IIocn the "Work of Several Men and Hoes It Xcatly, Too. It is sometimes desirable to pull out a vineyard and use tho land for other purposes. I send a sketch of a simple tool which ! effective in tearing out SIMPLE VINE nOOTEIt. the roots. A wlro (b), live feet long, Is fastened about threo feet from tho end of a nine-foot polo (a a), or hard wood sapling, and to a single tree. Tho larger end of tho pole should bo slightly bent at the bottom so it will scoop under a vine. If vineyard rows are long, begin tearing out vines at center, dump in a pile at each end and burn. J. B. McDonald, in Farm and Home. The Variation In Milk. It is difficult to educate dairymen into tho fact that both milk and cream vary widely in fat contents, and that for no reasons that can bo given as satisfac tory, says Hoard's Dairyman. No cow can be kept in such regular conditions as to food, drink and surroundings that the composition of the milk will not change from day to day and from hour to hour. Tho action of tho nervous syc tem of tho cow is beyond measurement by any instrument possessed by tho ex periment station, and until such instru ment Is invented the reason why a cow gives 4.G per cent, milk Monday and 3.5 per cent, milk Tuesday will be beyond explanation. Tho men who buy sugar beets trust nothing to tho theory of av erages; they sample and analyze every load of beets; tho man who mines gold also samples and analyzes, but the man who produces milk trusts to averages, and only kicks when ho finds his returns sometimes below the poUit that ho con siders proper. Nervous cows, like the Jerseys, are sensitive to rough handling. Tho amount of butter produce:! is materially affected by the treatment they recfllvi, y !fc. TYPEWRITING EXPERTS. Find New Field for Their Abilities In Vw citihlnir Testimony lu Lawsuit. It will come as a surprise to many people to know that thcro Is a great deal of character in typewriting. Were half a dozen operators to use the same machine, paper and actual words, each printing off a dozen sheets, and were all these to be mixed up indis criminately, a practiced eye could dis tinguish each operator's work instant ly, says the Chicago Tribune. In a recent law case, where a lengthy typewritten document of muny sheets was in question, it was alleged that one of the pages included had been substituted for another sheet. Although to a casunl eye all the sheets seemed to bo the work of one hand, experts (mowed that the spacing was quite different, especially between the end of one sentence and the beginning of another, and on the substitute sheet the Hew paragraphs began in quite n different position on the lines, and the letters were shaky instead of upright and firm. And the punctuation the crucial test was wholly different. The exports were unable to trace the person who had done the bogus type writing, but they agreed that it. was a woman, young, audi only a beginner at typewriting; that she wns nervous, not strong, and that her education was only moderately good. The writer of the other sheets com prising the document was defined from the evenness, correctness and firmness of the typewriting to be an experi enced "typist." WONDERFUL MACHINE. Blow OlaxH Better Than Men, and "Will Drive Many Workmen Out of Their Jobs. The accompanying photograph Is Hie first over taken of machine-made win dow glass in the world. These three rollers were produced a few days ago at the Alexandria (Ind,) branch of the American Window Glass company's plant, and where the Lubbersmaohine, the first successful of many made, was completed and experimented with un til perfected. So perfect has this machine been made that the company is risking mil lions of dollars in the proposition to in stall it in its 41 plants distributed over the country, and dispense with hand blowers entirely, lhe men were at first skeptical when told that "the ma chine would destroy their trade, which has yielded many of them $150 to $G00 per month; but they have at last been forced to admit that it has been but too true, and as a result many of the best BLOWN BY MACHINEUY. double-ring Belgian blowers are going back to the old country, and others are sacking other pursuits. The machine is the patent of Jolyn If. Lubbers., of Allegheny, Pa., a prac tical ghiKhblowcr, who has also made several other lubor-saving invetWions. Lubber; will reap millions as his share of the proceeds of t lie invention. Skilled mechanics from the Westing house works, I'ittsburg, I'a., have been working behind high walls and barred pates f'ir months in the erection and installation of the machines, which no man other than old and skilled em ployes of Hie company was allowed to 6oc. The gates are yet dosed to out siders, and the photos were mode at the request of the compnnj", but that of the machine; was denied, as the latest improyetneivts to them have nol been patented. When nil have been allowed the oompany will let the pub lie see the machines work, but not until then. These rollers are respec tively 10 and 10 feet in length and 30 Inches in diameter larger than nny hand blower could poksibly make. The glass is perfect in temper and free from blisters. Cincinnati Enquirer. An inventor in Germany has pro posed a novel method of supplying electricity to light a harbor buoy at night. He dispenses with a cable from a power-house on land and generates his own current by the rocking of the buoy. The audible signals given by bell' buoys in a fog are produced In the same ninnner. The motion of tho waves tilts the apparatus first in one direction and then in tho other and makes the dapper strike at short in tervals.. A full description of the mechanism employed in the new buoy is not yet at hand, but vuc can easily fancy how it ,-J BUOY LIGHTED MY WAVES. i arranged. A small dynamo Is. oper ated by the motion of the apparatus, and the current is first fed into a stor age battery, so that tho supply to the lamp may be kept uniform, if the brilliancy of this light varied with the condition of the tea the system would be unsatisfactory. Hence it would not do to lead the electricity directly to the lamp. It is. said that experiments with tho invention are already in progress on the German coast. HISTORY OF GUNPOWDER. evidence That It Wan lined I.onir He fore the ChrlHtlan "m In Direct and Irrefutable. With reference to the early use of gunpowder and firearms, long before the popularly accepted, but erroneous, date of gunpowder discovery, Gen. .Jo seph Wheeler, United States army, in a lecture a short time ago before the Franklin institute, ronlarked that in many localities in China and India the soil is impregnated with niter, and the probable discovery of gunpowder there, many centimes before the 'Christian era, mnj be explained in this way: All cooking at that time was by wood fires and the people lived in tents and huts with earth for their floors. .Countless fires made of wood upon ground strongly impregnated wilh ni ter must have existed every day, and when such fires, were extinguished n portion of the wood must have been converted into charcoal, some of which would, of necessity, become mixed with the niter in the soil. By this means- two of the most active ingredi ents of gunpowder were brought to gether, and it isery natural that when another fire was kindled on the nunc spot a Hash might follow. This would lead to investigation, and then the manufacture of gunpowder was con ceived. Whether this be true or not, there is. abundant evidence that the origin of gunjHJwdcr and artillery goes far back in the dim ages of -the past. The Hindoo code, compiled long he fore the Christian era, prohibited the making of war with cannon and guns or any kind of firearms. Quintus Cur tius informs, us that Alexander the Great met with fire weapons in Asia, and IMiilcistratus says tlui't Alexander's, conquests were arrested by the use of gunpowder. It was also written that those wise men who lived in tho citic. of the Ganges "overthrew their ene mies! with tempests and thunderbolts shot from the walls." Julius African us mentions powder In the year 275. It was used in the siege of Constan tinople in (')S; by the Arabs in 01)0; at Thessalonica in 904; at the siege of Bel grade, 1078; by the Greeks in naval bat tles in 1098; by the Arabs against llie Iberians in 1147, nnd at Toulouse in 1218. It appears to have been gener ally known throughout civilized En rope as early as HJUO, and soon there after it made its way into England, where it was manufactured during the reign of Elizabeth, and we learn 411(11 a few arms wore possessed by the Eng lish in KilO, and that they were used at the brittle of Crecy in 1340. Cassier'u .Magazine. He Saved the Cow and Cmv Saved Hint, , Belonging to a family in North To peka was a cow which had been made much of a pet by the children. When the ilood came, relates the Kansas City Journal, the nine-year-old boy of tlit family ran to the barn to liberate ,thli cow. The next moment the agonized father and mother saw the boy swept away holding to the rope around the neck of the cow. For four days the family were marooned in the house All this time they mourned their boj us lost. But he was not lost. He man aged to mount the cow and she car ried him four miles to the bluffs, sim miug and uadlug. , MMAW HOW TO WEED ONIONS. Unless One linn the ltlwht Port of Tool It Is n Tiink That Trie One's Patience. "Working, onions" is a little harder than talking about it. I found it dif ficult to find tho tools needed, or rather I needed in this section. All hoes had" too wido handles, too short and not of proper shape, onions being two to six Inches apart. I mado what 1 needed from an old bingo, cut nnd bent round, as at (a), sharpened from lnsldo and nailed on suitablo handle. Another wna uiado from a narrow plow fitted on an ONION WEEDING HOES. old handle, curved and sharpened from Insido also; It is shown at (b). A third was mado from an old hoo (c), cut two Inchon wide. All these wcro kept sharpened by fil ing. They aro not for deep or rough booing. They aro used moro an scrnpeH,. to bo drawn gently across rows. They cut grass and weeds and break tho crust. Without th'cso simple tools I do not seo how I could have cleaned my crop out, as our llttlo winter weeds sot close to tho ground were tho great est trouble. Have- plowed and hood threo times nnd feel with one more thorough working my crop will bo made. -J. J. Carmichacl, in Farm and Homo. THE QUIET FARM LIFE. There Are lint Kew Kallurcs, Moral, or Kliiiuiclul, Anionic the TfllerN of the .Soli. I would not try to make every boy a farmer, or every girl n farmer's wife, but it docs seem to mo that wo should Impress upon tho children that, while tho opportunities to mako great for tunes will not often open to them on tho farm, thcro aro lees failures among those engaged in our business than any other. When wo read eulogies on the, captains of industry, who have accumu lated fortunes In mining, commerce and manufacturing, wo do not hear of the poor, miserable privates who have fallen by tho wayside, financial, moral and physical wrecks. Do not teach tho children that life's pathway is strewn witn thorns and brambles in all directions. Too much leaching has already gone forth, and tho masses aro pushing, crushing, surg ing and jostling against eacli other, oven to madness and destruction. Still, In all this wild rush, wo occasionally seo individuals who aro quietly and gently, with a pleasant word and smile making their way through tho seething mass of humanity, almost w'ithout dis turbing it, and reaching tho desired goal. "Ah sorrow and weeping may en dure for tho night, but joy comcth in tho morning," eo will peuco come with earnest, conscientious effort, accompa nied with consideration for others. Carrie L. Dawley, before the New York. State Grange. P0TAT0MAT0 PLANT. It IlearM Tomntocx Ahove and I'ota tocM ISclow and In a Triumph of (ruftiiiK Art. An anomaly in grafting, being a plant which is growing first-class potatoes at tho roots and hearing fully developed' tomatoes at tho stalk, was brought about by Prof. Green, of tho Minnesota state school of agriculture, when he cut off the young Bhoots of a potato vino, making a V-shaped silt in the top, Into which he inserted a freshly clipped young tomato plant, hound the joint with straw and supported it by long rods. Nature did tho rest. The tomato drew sustenance from tho earth through tho roots of the potato, nnd In return furnished what wps re quired in tho way of tho action of light and air upon its own leaves to its adopt ed roots. Tho plant is now threo months old. On pushing aside tho earth several fair ly developed potatoes aro shown, caol a trifle larger than n largo hen's cpg. From tho vines a half-dozen tomatorj? are hanging, In different stages of ma turity. Several have ripened nnd tho others promise to do go, as wrll. The tomato vine loses Its Identity at tho place: where tho graft was made. There aro no leaves at all suggestive of the potato. The vine in fully three feet high. N. Y. Herald. Common ferns may bo gathered Jn tho woods, and packed away In a cool place. They will keep a long time. inf .jc:mmfji$ti-. ir?