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About The Alliance herald. (Alliance, Box Butte County, Neb.) 1902-1922 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 26, 1911)
IMPROVING WHEAT BY SELECTION; HOW NEW VARIETIES OCCUR GRAIN RATION FOR HOGS ON PASTURE Best Method of Producing Then is to Select Individual Plants ; Considerable Saving is Effected From Field and Increase the Grain From Each Plant Separately. TIIERIS arc more than n thousand known varieties of wheat and prohehlv as OMnj more vari eties of whlrh thorr are no rer erda It may b Interesting to know fcow these new varieties orrur and the methods used In produeing them When It Is desired to systematically Improve some old or well known varl t.v. It la now reeognlred that one of the tiest ways of doing this Is to select In In this manner developed several vari eties of oats which were extensively cultivated in Ireland, Scotland and Kngland during the past century. The ordinary observer, In looking over a field of average Turkey red wheat, for example, would probably think It all pure Turkey red wheat. However, If he would select single plants nnd examine them carefully he will soon dls(over they are all differ ent. If each one of thse single plants SUB ABOVE OUT snows TWO plats of TURKEY RED WHEAT, EACH ORIGINATING FROM A IINOLK PLANT, TH1 ONE IX) IKIES, BUT THE OTHER STANI S UPRIGHT. (dividual plants from any large field nd Increase the grain from each plant separately until enough has !een cured to make a yield test. If a sln ple plant of wheat be chosen from a Jeld, It. run I)" increased enough so that In Pbout four years a tentli an. plat can be sown frem the product of a single plant. Occasionally in passing through a field of wheat, an outstanding plant Will be discovered. If these are saved nnd increased In this way they often give rise to varieties that show much Improvement over old varieties. An excellent example of this Is the Fulls Wheat, which Is a red grain, beardless (Variety, and which w;i yeleeted irom the Lancaster wheat, a red vaiietv, tiut bearded, by Abraham Fnltz of fdifflin county, Psnnajrlvattfa, in ist;2. The Fultz variety Is still very exten sively grown in the eastern states. Three years after the Fultx was orig inated, that is In IHti Garret Clawson found in a field of Fultz a white grained, beardless variety. He select d this out and Increased it and gave It the name of Clawson wheat. This ATarlety 1.- still grown in Pennsylvania. Other experiments might be given to Illustrate this method. One of the liist men to use the system of Isolat ing I innle plants from the field nnd Increasing w.is Patrick Shirreff, who is planted leparately nnd increased it will be found thai t ho yield of the u Im at produced front each Is very dif ferent. At the Nebraska experiment station there are now about ninety strains of Turkey wheat, which have been selected from about two thou MOd original plants of Turkey wheat. Eat li of there strains comes from a I .single plant. In other words, a field of wheat, int-tead of being uniformly of one type, is a mixture of types, " bleb, are very similar in appearance, Hni of which, however, are capable of yielding far more than others. These new types, which are constantly occurring In v. heat fields, are what an imal breeders used to call "Sports." From time to time, nmong animals : ttd plants, these new variations oc cur. Many times they are of no value Whatever and are not as good as the orlglnnl type from which they sprung, but occasionally one of these "Sports" is an Improvement and in that case It should be saved and increased. There is great opportunity here for kenil eyed farmers who are interested in doing something for the betterment i I their state, to discover among the various crops they are growing these individual plants which are outstand ing and use them as a foundation to build up improved varieties. WATER SUPPLY ON THE FARM By L. W. Chase, Department of Agrl cultural Bnsineerlng University of Nebraska. When we visit our city friends and ftep Into the well equipped bathroom, .with Its flowing hot and t old water, to .wash the dust and grime of the trip from our hands and fHe we invariably remark, "Isn't this great! My, but I ptish we could have such conveniences nt home." We seem to think that Such conveniences are for the people In the citv and that they come free. While in the country only a few can have them, and they are the "big tuga." In the first place such com en lences do t)Ol COWS frss in town, and In the second place it costs money to Iteep them supplied with running pater. The plumbing in the average Slty dwelling costs about $23, while be should use about thirty gallons per day per person. With a family of five, whkh can he considered as about the avcrago in the countiy. ISO gallons of water should bS used sack day. As Miiiiing that this water Is pumped and carried to the house by hand, it will Inks OSS person thirty seven and one half minutes each day to pump the vater and twenty five minutes each day to carry it, or sixtytwo and one aalf minutes SKCb day to put the water In the house in a pall and not have it where it is convenient Saying that it takes one hour each day to get the mount of water which should be us -1 : h day and nss'tniing that the farm er who carries th's water can earn 2' rents ner hour, it will cost him f per month to put the water In the ho ise. It has been I'monstiated in the farm ot Costly Concentrates. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS. MrtS ROOM V . A CONVENIENT YET C HEAP WATER SYSTEM the water rent is from 50 cents to f t per month. It will probably coat the farmer tnore to put in his water and sewer System in the country than It costs his friend In town, but it should not take nearly a.s much to keep it up after once being installed. But before the fanner spends any money for his water and sewer sya-t-m he should first consider whether It la a paying investment In the cttj ef Cincinnati. O., the people use about Sixty gallons of water per person per day, while in other cities It la much lower, the average being altout forty gallons ier person per day. The farmer's work is such that he should nse as much water per day as the av eae ity Inhabitant, but it is not generally the case that he does so in this computation we can assume that mechanics' laboratory that 1 cent of gasoline under normal conditions will pump 153 gallons of water from a well 'orty-three feet deep, making It cost i nly 31 cents per month to put the water In the house, and it ran be put any place it is needed. It is not always essential that the house he 'ompletely modern to be "onvenlent One fanner who couldn't make hU house modern put his ator I age tank In the wash room in such a manner that when It was full the float closed the valve and the windmill i pumped the water to the horse trough, 'i his otit.1t w as very cheap, probably I not costing over f 40. Including the .labor The bathtub doesn't need to I be enameled in order to be service able, although a cast Iron tub ia j. re ferable to a tin one. By Professor Charles B. LoOj Depart ment of Animal Husbandry, Univer sity of Nebraska. Feeders and breeders are coming more and more to realize the advan tages derived from feeding a grain ra Hon to hogs running on pasture. By such a practice a considerable saving Is effected of the costly concentrates, a saving which the present high price of grain makes of considerable im portance. From experiments carried fin at tin Nebraska station, comparing one lot of mature hogs fattened on alfalfa pasture and corn, with another lot fattened on corn alone, It was found that the alfalfa and corn ration effected a saving of about two and one-third bushels of corn on every one hundred pounds gain in weight. Or, after deducting 15 cents a head for pasture, nt the present price of corn, this would mean n saving of some thing like $1.55 on every one hundred pOUndl of pork produced. Certainly such a saving demands consideration St the hands of the economic swine producer In the experiment mentioned it will be noticed that mature hogs were teed, in such a case fattening can be carried on vary astiafsetorily on al falfa, using corn alone for the grain ration. In the case of younger pigs it Is necessary for best results to make the grain ration consist partly of some protein food, such as skim milk, wheat shorts, nil meal, blood meal, or tankage. Such an addition Is neces sary owing to the inability of the pig to get Biiftlci' nt protein from the al falla to supply his body requirement s The stomach of the pig is small and consequently cannot take care of a InrgS amount of roughage. Where skim milk is ple ntiful, no better ration for growing pigs can be had than a slop made up of cornmeul and skim mil k. The slop should be thin enough to pour readily, using enough corn to equal about 3 per cent of the pig's live weight. That is, if the pig weighed one hundred pounds, he should have about three pounds of corn per day in addition to the skim milk. In a great many cases, however, skim milk is not available and in these instances It be comes necessary to supply protein in some other form. Here is where our commercial feeds become useful. Perhaps the most universally used one of these Is wheat shorts. This feed conies, to us as a by-product from the manufacturer of our patent flours and makes one of the best all-around protein feeds wd'ch we have. A mix ture of about one pound of shorts to two and one half pounds of corn makes a very derlrable feed for pigs. This may !e fed by either feeding the snorts alone, in the lorni of slop, and the corn In a drv state, or by grinding the corn nnd mixing the two together hnd feeding both as a slop. The two leeds just discussed are both to some extent home produced. We have an other plant food also which is very ,-:;ood under many conditions, namely, oil meal or oil cake, which, aside from Cue shape In which It comes, is the same thing This gnbStnncs makes a vsrj exce'ient protein food for all branches of live BtOSki except for very voting stuff. It is not so good for oung pigs, on account of its oil con tent. constituent whic h is very hard for the young stomach to handle. It should be fed in the proportion of one part oil meal to nine parts corn. In tankage and niood meal, we bave two packing house products verv popular as protein onrcntrntes. The latter of these, on accrunt of Its low fat con tent, is the better lor young pigs, al though the former is preferred for older swine. Tankage she aid be used in the proportion of one part tankage j to nine parts corn, while blood me al, I the highest prot uiu concentrate wo , l.ave, should be fed one part blood : me al to nlnctet n parts corn. So far lli the discuss on of rations, corn has leen taken for the bais of the grain ration. In some localities, however, other feeds are more avail able, such as barley, speitz, wheat, millet and katflr corn Should any one of these fe1s be used instead of orn. the same pecerol dlr 'ctlons nia he used for combining with the protcdn concentrate. Better results can be ob tallied by grinding these smaller grains before feeding Should other psstuie than alfalfa be furnished, a little variation in the grain rations mentioned mav he advlsahle, although It is probable that with any good pas lure they iv i 1 1 give excellent results. For old t hogs the grain ration c an be les-ened considerably, as has been mentioned abeve. Breeding stock can be carried over the summer very nice ly on a "J per cent grain ration when on good post WS In the letter end of the feeding period fattening hogs on alfalfa or clover probably maki --x economical gains on a pure rc. ,t t'on Greatc NBOOOOW along agricultural l'nes is demanded by an Increased con tumptiot' of foodstuffs and a higher cost of living, and It is doubtful if the farmer can make any department of his business mou remunerative than the prodie tion of perk when the prop er methods are used. PERPETRATED BY WAIT ANP DOUGALL lTenQ,ek' -a. Jp Ooe OUR SPECIMEN CENTENARIANS. onfJWING nOW THEY DO IT . SART0RI5 GUY SHRIMPF. 09 YTARSOLD Hasn't nKdved or botKecJ since '68 And trust wtxs Accidental. Never I . I 14 .11 A cJpiiiKS waler Lull will llKe i r I id else Irom cider To tfdsolenel one nundred ( IOO) miles every year. Never clievvs Ilia foi ,rl . edTa I, ,1 w.,-, . 1 Se druiiU wlien poAi'Lle . H aims lo I iove Invented Hie Res' UK THEOPOMPUS FOSH AB.LLD.MrYD F I 'T li Years old. . cads 3 DdDGrS dnd 2 LaaU&dcliiv o Always drank Lni auAiinn AyVfipiv sells Welsh rabbin nd JobsTer ar iakt". reads in tf J. smokes Cutworm TwfsT cud rides a bi cycle. Never wears an ovencpaT or un -derclomes and sleeps inflict open air In Wfntar. Has Hay fever In February. anv4 OcV IfV YIW S I j cBBcF ffat It IB M' r rsi i - . . Aill 1 WsV WWW ..e-. m n m 1 . na w i iv . rt l I T-S. icV - 1 Rough Dry Washing Having installed a rough dry de partment we will save you the worry of wash day this winter. We will get your soiled linen, wash and starch it, iron the flat pieces, and return it to you for 35c per dozen. Stop the Wagon or Call Phone 160 m m Alliance Steam Laundry