IMPROVING WHEAT BY SELECTION;
HOW NEW VARIETIES OCCUR
GRAIN RATION FOR
HOGS ON PASTURE
Best Method of Producing Then is to Select Individual Plants ; Considerable Saving is Effected
From Field and Increase the Grain From
Each Plant Separately.
TIIERIS arc more than n thousand
known varieties of wheat and
prohehlv as OMnj more vari
eties of whlrh thorr are no rer
erda It may b Interesting to know
fcow these new varieties orrur and
the methods used In produeing them
When It Is desired to systematically
Improve some old or well known varl
t.v.
It la now reeognlred that one of the
tiest ways of doing this Is to select In
In this manner developed several vari
eties of oats which were extensively
cultivated in Ireland, Scotland and
Kngland during the past century.
The ordinary observer, In looking
over a field of average Turkey red
wheat, for example, would probably
think It all pure Turkey red wheat.
However, If he would select single
plants nnd examine them carefully he
will soon dls(over they are all differ
ent. If each one of thse single plants
SUB ABOVE OUT snows TWO plats of TURKEY RED WHEAT,
EACH ORIGINATING FROM A IINOLK PLANT, TH1 ONE IX) IKIES,
BUT THE OTHER STANI S UPRIGHT.
(dividual plants from any large field
nd Increase the grain from each plant
separately until enough has !een
cured to make a yield test. If a sln
ple plant of wheat be chosen from a
Jeld, It. run I)" increased enough so
that In Pbout four years a tentli an.
plat can be sown frem the product of
a single plant.
Occasionally in passing through a
field of wheat, an outstanding plant
Will be discovered. If these are saved
nnd increased In this way they often
give rise to varieties that show much
Improvement over old varieties. An
excellent example of this Is the Fulls
Wheat, which Is a red grain, beardless
(Variety, and which w;i yeleeted irom
the Lancaster wheat, a red vaiietv,
tiut bearded, by Abraham Fnltz of
fdifflin county, Psnnajrlvattfa, in ist;2.
The Fultz variety Is still very exten
sively grown in the eastern states.
Three years after the Fultx was orig
inated, that is In IHti Garret Clawson
found in a field of Fultz a white
grained, beardless variety. He select
d this out and Increased it and gave
It the name of Clawson wheat. This
ATarlety 1.- still grown in Pennsylvania.
Other experiments might be given
to Illustrate this method. One of the
liist men to use the system of Isolat
ing I innle plants from the field nnd
Increasing w.is Patrick Shirreff, who
is planted leparately nnd increased
it will be found thai t ho yield of the
u Im at produced front each Is very dif
ferent. At the Nebraska experiment
station there are now about ninety
strains of Turkey wheat, which have
been selected from about two thou
MOd original plants of Turkey wheat.
Eat li of there strains comes from a
I .single plant. In other words, a field
of wheat, int-tead of being uniformly
of one type, is a mixture of types,
" bleb, are very similar in appearance,
Hni of which, however, are capable
of yielding far more than others.
These new types, which are constantly
occurring In v. heat fields, are what an
imal breeders used to call "Sports."
From time to time, nmong animals
: ttd plants, these new variations oc
cur. Many times they are of no value
Whatever and are not as good as the
orlglnnl type from which they sprung,
but occasionally one of these "Sports"
is an Improvement and in that case It
should be saved and increased.
There is great opportunity here for
kenil eyed farmers who are interested
in doing something for the betterment
i I their state, to discover among the
various crops they are growing these
individual plants which are outstand
ing and use them as a foundation to
build up improved varieties.
WATER SUPPLY ON THE FARM
By L. W. Chase, Department of Agrl
cultural Bnsineerlng University of
Nebraska.
When we visit our city friends and
ftep Into the well equipped bathroom,
.with Its flowing hot and t old water, to
.wash the dust and grime of the trip
from our hands and fHe we invariably
remark, "Isn't this great! My, but I
ptish we could have such conveniences
nt home." We seem to think that
Such conveniences are for the people
In the citv and that they come free.
While in the country only a few can
have them, and they are the "big
tuga." In the first place such com en
lences do t)Ol COWS frss in town, and
In the second place it costs money to
Iteep them supplied with running
pater. The plumbing in the average
Slty dwelling costs about $23, while
be should use about thirty gallons per
day per person. With a family of five,
whkh can he considered as about the
avcrago in the countiy. ISO gallons of
water should bS used sack day. As
Miiiiing that this water Is pumped and
carried to the house by hand, it will
Inks OSS person thirty seven and one
half minutes each day to pump the
vater and twenty five minutes each
day to carry it, or sixtytwo and one
aalf minutes SKCb day to put the water
In the house in a pall and not have it
where it is convenient Saying that
it takes one hour each day to get the
mount of water which should be us -1
: h day and nss'tniing that the farm
er who carries th's water can earn 2'
rents ner hour, it will cost him f per
month to put the water In the ho ise.
It has been I'monstiated in the farm
ot Costly Concentrates.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS.
MrtS ROOM
V .
A CONVENIENT YET C HEAP WATER SYSTEM
the water rent is from 50 cents to f t
per month.
It will probably coat the farmer
tnore to put in his water and sewer
System in the country than It costs
his friend In town, but it should not
take nearly a.s much to keep it up
after once being installed.
But before the fanner spends any
money for his water and sewer sya-t-m
he should first consider whether
It la a paying investment In the cttj
ef Cincinnati. O., the people use about
Sixty gallons of water per person per
day, while in other cities It la much
lower, the average being altout forty
gallons ier person per day. The
farmer's work is such that he should
nse as much water per day as the av
eae ity Inhabitant, but it is not
generally the case that he does so in
this computation we can assume that
mechanics' laboratory that 1 cent of
gasoline under normal conditions will
pump 153 gallons of water from a well
'orty-three feet deep, making It cost
i nly 31 cents per month to put the
water In the house, and it ran be put
any place it is needed.
It is not always essential that the
house he 'ompletely modern to be
"onvenlent One fanner who couldn't
make hU house modern put his ator
I age tank In the wash room in such a
manner that when It was full the float
closed the valve and the windmill
i pumped the water to the horse trough,
'i his otit.1t w as very cheap, probably
I not costing over f 40. Including the
.labor The bathtub doesn't need to
I be enameled in order to be service
able, although a cast Iron tub ia j. re
ferable to a tin one.
By Professor Charles B. LoOj Depart
ment of Animal Husbandry, Univer
sity of Nebraska.
Feeders and breeders are coming
more and more to realize the advan
tages derived from feeding a grain ra
Hon to hogs running on pasture. By
such a practice a considerable saving
Is effected of the costly concentrates,
a saving which the present high price
of grain makes of considerable im
portance. From experiments carried
fin at tin Nebraska station, comparing
one lot of mature hogs fattened on
alfalfa pasture and corn, with another
lot fattened on corn alone, It was
found that the alfalfa and corn ration
effected a saving of about two and
one-third bushels of corn on every one
hundred pounds gain in weight. Or,
after deducting 15 cents a head for
pasture, nt the present price of corn,
this would mean n saving of some
thing like $1.55 on every one hundred
pOUndl of pork produced. Certainly
such a saving demands consideration
St the hands of the economic swine
producer
In the experiment mentioned it will
be noticed that mature hogs were
teed, in such a case fattening can be
carried on vary astiafsetorily on al
falfa, using corn alone for the grain
ration. In the case of younger pigs it
Is necessary for best results to make
the grain ration consist partly of some
protein food, such as skim milk,
wheat shorts, nil meal, blood meal, or
tankage. Such an addition Is neces
sary owing to the inability of the pig
to get Biiftlci' nt protein from the al
falla to supply his body requirement s
The stomach of the pig is small and
consequently cannot take care of a
InrgS amount of roughage. Where
skim milk is ple ntiful, no better ration
for growing pigs can be had than a
slop made up of cornmeul and skim
mil k. The slop should be thin enough
to pour readily, using enough corn to
equal about 3 per cent of the pig's live
weight. That is, if the pig weighed
one hundred pounds, he should have
about three pounds of corn per day in
addition to the skim milk. In a great
many cases, however, skim milk is not
available and in these instances It be
comes necessary to supply protein in
some other form. Here is where our
commercial feeds become useful.
Perhaps the most universally used
one of these Is wheat shorts. This
feed conies, to us as a by-product from
the manufacturer of our patent flours
and makes one of the best all-around
protein feeds wd'ch we have. A mix
ture of about one pound of shorts to
two and one half pounds of corn
makes a very derlrable feed for pigs.
This may !e fed by either feeding the
snorts alone, in the lorni of slop, and
the corn In a drv state, or by grinding
the corn nnd mixing the two together
hnd feeding both as a slop. The two
leeds just discussed are both to some
extent home produced. We have an
other plant food also which is very
,-:;ood under many conditions, namely,
oil meal or oil cake, which, aside from
Cue shape In which It comes, is the
same thing This gnbStnncs makes a
vsrj exce'ient protein food for all
branches of live BtOSki except for very
voting stuff. It is not so good for
oung pigs, on account of its oil con
tent. constituent whic h is very hard
for the young stomach to handle. It
should be fed in the proportion of one
part oil meal to nine parts corn. In
tankage and niood meal, we bave two
packing house products verv popular
as protein onrcntrntes. The latter of
these, on accrunt of Its low fat con
tent, is the better lor young pigs, al
though the former is preferred for
older swine. Tankage she aid be used
in the proportion of one part tankage
j to nine parts corn, while blood me al,
I the highest prot uiu concentrate wo
, l.ave, should be fed one part blood
: me al to nlnctet n parts corn.
So far lli the discuss on of rations,
corn has leen taken for the bais of
the grain ration. In some localities,
however, other feeds are more avail
able, such as barley, speitz, wheat,
millet and katflr corn Should any one
of these fe1s be used instead of orn.
the same pecerol dlr 'ctlons nia he
used for combining with the protcdn
concentrate. Better results can be ob
tallied by grinding these smaller
grains before feeding Should other
psstuie than alfalfa be furnished, a
little variation in the grain rations
mentioned mav he advlsahle, although
It is probable that with any good pas
lure they iv i 1 1 give excellent results.
For old t hogs the grain ration c an be
les-ened considerably, as has been
mentioned abeve. Breeding stock can
be carried over the summer very nice
ly on a "J per cent grain ration when
on good post WS In the letter end of
the feeding period fattening hogs on
alfalfa or clover probably maki --x
economical gains on a pure rc. ,t
t'on Greatc NBOOOOW along agricultural
l'nes is demanded by an Increased con
tumptiot' of foodstuffs and a higher
cost of living, and It is doubtful if the
farmer can make any department of
his business mou remunerative than
the prodie tion of perk when the prop
er methods are used.
PERPETRATED BY WAIT ANP DOUGALL
lTenQ,ek'
-a.
Jp Ooe
OUR SPECIMEN CENTENARIANS.
onfJWING nOW THEY DO IT .
SART0RI5 GUY SHRIMPF.
09 YTARSOLD
Hasn't nKdved or botKecJ since '68
And trust wtxs Accidental. Never
I . I 14 .11 A
cJpiiiKS waler Lull will llKe
i r I
id else Irom cider To tfdsolenel
one nundred ( IOO)
miles every year. Never clievvs
Ilia foi ,rl . edTa I, ,1 w.,-, . 1
Se druiiU wlien poAi'Lle . H
aims lo I iove Invented Hie Res'
UK
THEOPOMPUS FOSH AB.LLD.MrYD F I 'T
li Years old. .
cads 3 DdDGrS
dnd 2 LaaU&dcliiv
o Always drank
Lni auAiinn AyVfipiv
sells Welsh rabbin
nd JobsTer ar
iakt". reads in
tf J. smokes
Cutworm TwfsT
cud rides a bi
cycle. Never wears
an ovencpaT or un -derclomes
and
sleeps inflict open
air In Wfntar.
Has
Hay fever
In February.
anv4 OcV IfV YIW
S I j cBBcF ffat It IB M'
r rsi i - . . Aill
1 WsV
WWW
..e-. m n m 1
. na w i
iv
. rt l I T-S. icV -
1
Rough
Dry
Washing
Having installed a rough dry de
partment we will save you the
worry of wash day this winter.
We will get your soiled linen,
wash and starch it, iron the flat
pieces, and return it to you for
35c per dozen.
Stop the Wagon or Call Phone 160
m m
Alliance
Steam
Laundry
