PEASANTS WIN IN MONTANA!
Wooden-Shoed Satires of
Thrire on Farms.
Holland
C. A- M'CAJTN GIVES INTERVIEW
yfeataaa Mas Tells How Immlirtila
Settle Land with Hardly Aay
Mrr and Have HirarUUt
earae with Crop.
Utah ii Showing: Other States What
Can fie Done.
i
Wooden shoed peasant farmers from
Holland, who have settled In the Hedges
sections, art" our best farmers." said Mr.
C. A. McCann, whose Isnd product are
ah own In the big" booth fronting the North
rn Pacific exhibit to a Hee l.and Show
writer thla morning.
"Thoae who did not pay cash for thrlr
tanda, hava not only been prompt In meet
ing their payments from crops gmwn bv
them, but several Instance thy have
discounted iture Installment.
"MontanL wa a ' Isnd to thee peo
ple, and Montana ! . .Ind climatic condl
tlona presented new problem, but they
were born tiller of the aoll and were a
mentally alert, Industrious Bet. Borne of
tha younger onea could apeak a little
English, which has aided them greatly;
but they were clone observers, too, and
exceedingly Imitative that la, of the farm-
are already on the ground who were grow
ing tha blggeat cropa and had the beat
atock."
Controls Large Area of Land.
Mr. McCann control a Isrge area of
landa In tha vicinity of Hedge, and is a
coloniser who believe In development, and
practlcea cropping considerable tract In
order to demonstrate their productivity,
and a an aid to new aettlera. These
hava been coining Into the Hedge country
In considerable numher. from Minnesota,
Illinois, Iowa and other state of the cen
tral west. Whenever possible Mr. McCann
Induces the new farmers to get together
In neighborhoods, with the Idf-a of lessen
ing the social trials Incident to homemak
Ing In a new country.
"What Is known In Montana as 'the
Hedges section' Is a portion of the great
Musselshell valley. In width about twenty
miles and In length about thirty miles. It
Is bounded on the south by the Musselshell
river and on the north by the .Snowy moun-
t tains. This low lying range separates It
I from the Judith basin, of which It la In all
favoring aspects a prototype. It Is
traversed by the Chicago, Milwaukee
Ht. Paul and tha B. M. railways, the
latter commonly known as a branch of tbe
Great Northern.
flection Well Watered.
"The whole section I well watered," said
Mr. McCann, "living springs being numer
ous and constant flow. Its principal water
resources are afforded by three never-falling
atreams, having their origin In the
Hnowy mountains. The Snowy mountains,
avlng some years since been created Into
a national forest by the federal govern
ment, the water sources are converted In
perpetuity.
The soil in this section Of Montana Is
more than usually deep. It is a light
brown loam, underlaid with a subsoil of
clay Intermixed with limestone gravel. The
latter la not a wash gravel, but consist
of about two-thirds clay and one-third
lime gravel, which Is nearly pure lime. Not
having been subjected to th leaching of
heavy rains for long periods of time, and
not having been reduced by having
forests removed, these soils are rich In all
the elements of plant food. Nitrogen,
phosphorus, lime and potash form a baae
which give the aoll fine lasting qualities.
Rain Falls Woe a Needed.
The rainfall In this section average
from sixteen to twenty-two Inches, occa
sionally going to above twenty-five Inches.
Of thla precipitation about to per cent fells
during April, May, June and July the
growing season Just when It la most
needed. The later months are compara
tively devoid of rainfall, thus enabling
crops to be harvested with little danger
and at a small coat for protection from
the elements.
We have not yet found It necessary to
summer fallow, for the reason that our
farmers In the very early stages began
crop rotations. So satisfactory have been
the crops, even during the dry season of
910. that last fall seven new power plow
ing outfits wore bought and set at work
by small companies formed exclusively of
local farmers.
llmntto Condition Ideal.
"The) climatic conditions In the Hedges
section are not excelled anywhere In the
middle west or northwest. The clear, dry
air Is extremely Invigorating and, com
bined with the large percentage of bright
days, makes the climate one of the most
healthful and pleasant There are few
days during the entire year In which out
door work cannot be done with comfort.
No one need fear the winters here. They
are) tempered by warm Chinook winds and
by tha mountains, and in ant -
g S as the winters further east. I want to
i i v.
,
1 - 1
r'Vorn'r ButMm.nVnNewi"kV. FAST PROGRESS IN FARMING
sincere admirers of the actor, hoping to
i overcome opposition, prevailed on him to
reappear three nlghta later In the char
acter of Macbeth.
These friend, by aid of the police, con
trolled the audience to the extent that few
enemlea of Macready were admitted, but
a veritable mob gathered outside, infuri
ated by their failure to gain entrance, the
hostlles smashed every window In the
theater and threatened to destroy It. The
performance could not be given. Macready,
In disguise, made his exit through the front
of the hous and out through the mob ana
reached his hotel In safety. Meanwhile the
mob and the police contended but the lat
ter were In danger of masacr when the
militia arrived. The crowd hooted the read
ing of the riot act by the commander of
the Seventh regiment.
DESERT WASTES HAVE GONE
Fields of Grata Sow flexile Welcome
te Visitor Bad etaad as Rvldeace
f the Stardy Westerner's
Thrift.
"Pry
PRODUCING BIGJRUIT CROPS
Climate of Utah ii Jntt Eight for
Orchards.
TOTE RECORD IN STATE FOR 1910
Total of One Million TrnH Trees
Planted Oaring Year and Mnch
(.renter Somber Will Be Set
This flaring.
HT J EDWARD TAYLOR. STATK HOR
TICULTURAL, INSPECTOR.
Few states In the union have the divers
ity of climate that Is found In the state
of Utah, consequently few can produce
the variety of horticultural crops grown
within Its borders. She has every degree
of climate, from the sub-tropical "Dixie1'
land In the southern part, where the figs
and pomegranates grow In profusion, to
the more temperate mountain valleys of
the north, which produce the crisp apple
in all its perfection.
Some idea of the Importance which this
Industry I assuming can be gained from
the ,fact that nearly 1.000.000 fruit trees
were planted In the orchard of Utah In
1910. The planting In 1900 was equally large
and from all reports there will be a still
By I. E. PRATT.
farming is a term usuany usea
npn npiiin; oi n.e cultivation oi luini
In regions where there are lees than thirty
Inches of precipitation. Tbe greater por
tion of the land of the United States west
of the Missouri river Is classed as arid or
semi-arid, and the problem of successful
crop growing within this area Is of more
vital Importance, and the solution of which
mean more material prosperity, than any
other Industrial question before the Ameri
can people today.
The state of Utah proudly claims the
distinction of being the first state In the
union to seriously attempt the solution of
this mighty problem. More than forty
years ago a few Intrepid pioneers suc
ceeded In favorable localities In demon
strating the great possibilities of success
ful crop growing without artificial Irrigation.
State Wne Qnlek.
Following these Isolated examples of suc
cess the state was not slow In recognising
the necessity of conducting experiments
with a view of establishing the fundamen
tal principles upon which to base a scien
tific thesis for the production of crops
upon these lands, and for this purpose
many experimental nations were estab
llshed In the state under the able direction
of Dr. John A. Widtsoe and Prof. Louis A.
Merrill. Nearly all the western states oon
followed with appropriation sufficient to
establish hundreds of experimental stations
throughout the entire west, and the won
derful progress made has dissipated the
obstinate prejudice prevailing and the old
methods have gradually given way to the
new. With the acquisition of greater
knowledge came a marvelous transforma
tion and thousands of acres which were
i
to apples, one-third to peaches and the
balance to cherries, pears and apricots,
plum, prune, small fruits and berries in
the order named.
4
emphasise this matter of Montana weather,
lor I una that In no other reapeot la one
state more generally misunderstood. I
lived for a quarter of a century In the
northern states of the Mississippi valley,
and our Montana winters are decidedly less
gome Early Experiments.
Fruit growing In Utah began with the
arrival of the pioneers In 1S47 and the
growth of the Industry has been steady
and conservative since that time. The
methods of the pioneers were necessarily
crude and much experimental work had
to be done to demonstrate the possibilities.
The original Idea wa one of home con
sumption entirely, but the production soon
outgrew the local markets and with the
advent of the railroad It became necessary
to revise the system and adopt ' different
methods. The old orchard had to be re
moved and replaced with varieties adapted
to the demand of the market. This
checked the development of the Industry
somewhat for a few year, but the excel
lent results obtained by the pioneers were
soon manifest In commercial orchards.
Soils and Climate.
Tha soils of Utah are extremely fertile,
containing all the Ingredients which thou
sands of years of erosion have accumu
lated. The air Is dry and clear and there
Is an abundance of sunshine. By means
of Irrigation the water Is supplied when
needed. This makes an Ideal combination
for fruit growing Insuring a produot with
all tha desirable commercial features. In
cluding flavor, else, color, freedom from
blemish, and keeping qualities coupled
with maximum yields. There Is sufficient
diversity of crops and animal production
on the farms adjoining the orchards to
Insure the maintenance of everlasting fer
tility In tha land. Sunshine Is one of the
Important factors In. the . production of
fruit. The sun's raya Insure a large sugar
content and likewise prevent the develop
ment of fungous diseases so detrimental,
not only to the keeping quality of fruit.
but to the appearance as well. That our
fruit has good keeping qualities Is best
demonstrated In the Elbcrta peach. It
Is not an unusual occurrence to have a
carload of peaches sold In the eastern
markets, such as Boston, four weeks after
being shipped. One car has been known
to be alx weeks between the orchard and
the consumer, and still bring a good price.
Pears from Utah have been shipped to
Liverpool, England, with satisfactory re
sults to the grower and shipper.
Markets for Utah.
Utah peachea and apples are shipped to
every large market from Los Angeles to
British Columbia on the west and north
and from New Orleans to Boston on the
south and east and to all points In be
tween. These markets are being gradually
extended to keep pace with the Increasing
production and It Is only a question of
short time when Utah fruits will be Invad
ing Europe. While there Is a great deal
greater number set In the spring of 1011.
About five-eighths of the area Is devoted Dut veBterday desert wastes, supporting a
rank growth of dull gray sage brush, are
now covered with fields of grain and al
falfa, a change to fill' the heart of man
with Joy and thankfulness.
Step by step science has unfolded the se
crets of nature and the world problem of
food production becomea relatively easier.
There Waa a Drawback,
Heretofore a serious drawback In the de
velopment of these vast tracts of fertile
lands has been the government require
ment of residence; the homeseeker being
unfamlllarwlth the possibilities of securing
water for culinary purposes has been back
ward In pre-empting homesteads; to over
come this difficulty Senator Reed Smoot of
Utah Introduced a clause In the
homestead act of February 19, 1909,
which reouires no residence; the act
also provided for homesteads of 330 seres
of which forty acres must be put under
cultivation within a period of two years
and forty acres each year thereafter for
four consecutive years, at the expiration
of which time the land could be proved up
on. This act has made It possible for the
first time In the history of the union for
all classes of people to acquire agricultural
lands, and the Increased development
which will result therefrom will Very
materially Increase the prosperity of Utah
l.aad In Rain Belt
Most of the land under this act Is situ
ated within the belt of the heaviest rain
fall In the state, (n Boxelder, Tooele, Juab
Millard. Iron, Beaver and Ban Juan coun
ties, and all of these counties are produc
ing excellent crops without Irrigation;
south of Nephl City there Is a stretch of
land fifteen miles long and about five
miles In width which a few years ago was
considered absolutely useless; this land
produced last year from twenty to thirty
bushels per acre of the finest quality
wheat, and with scarcely any rainfall dur
Ing the growing season. In the eastern part
of Millard county, extending sixty miles
north to south there Is a strip of land
from two to five miles wide within the
belt of greatest rainfall with soil of ex
ceptlon fertility free from erosion of the
great mountain chains of limestones,
quartette and sandstones containing In
abundance mineral carbonltes, phosphates
and nitrates, with silts washed from the
heavy timbered forests, full of humus, and
enriched to such great depths that a gen
eratlon of tillage will not exhaust Its fer
tility; this country has long been the cat
tleman's paradise as the benches and val
leys are covered with succulent native blue
grass; these fertile government landa are
now f-'t being filed on under the new en
larged homestead act, and like the lands
along the same mountain range further
south, will produce abundant cropa of
grain, fruits and vegetables, and from
production standpoint are destined to be
come as valuable as any lands in the
world, and they who have learned the les
son taught by past experience In our state
and who grasp the opportunities now
of talk of over-production the ingenuity of awaiting the homeseeker In Utah will reap
Fomaerly Waa Stock t'onntry.
"la former years the Hedges section
exoluslrely a stock growing country,
and for the main pert the Industry was
based upon the nutritious grasses of the
pea rang. The Inpourlng of new set
tlers, who have turned the sod snd put It
Into grains, has put an end to the range
Industry, and the transformation now well
under way la from the free range, with
itg great herds and band, to smaller
holding of a higher grade. These will be
In increasing number fattened and fitted
'for the block on amaller areas of land
The experience of recent years has shown
that here can be grown cheaply an Ideal
balanoed ration for putting animals In
marketable condition. Every year the
umber of stock growers who are coming
to appreciate this truth Increases, and the
larger profits obtained makes the new era
m atock growing an attractive one.
"The well-being of our farmers has been
made possible not alone by grain growing
and stock raising, however. There have
been excellent profits derived from garden
vegetables and small fruits, for these grow
proliricatly. Dairying Is also a developing
induatry. Taken all together, specialised
and general farming have played equally
Important parte.
"We hope the showing we have made at
this splendid Land ahow will Induce more
ew people to come out to the Hedges sec
tion and sea just what our portion of
Montana has to offer to the homeseeker."
A QUEER PAGE IN HISTORY
American Resentment af Brltlah
Prejadlre Caste Many
Lives.
The moat notable real tragedy recorded
m the history of the theater was that of
the Aator Place riot. New Tork. May 10,
1M. Edwin Forreat. the American traged
ian, had been treated with such hostility
In London that he had to abandon bis en-
lagement in that city, although be enJoed
st success and favor In the English
. y 'v ...t.w. ii irnm ui rorresi in ."New
f0 Tork took their revenge on Macready, the
I great cngusn tragedian. He was hissed
from tbe stage of the Astor Place opera
the Yankee can be depended upon to con
vert the products of the orchards Into
profits.
With leas than M per cent of the planted
area bearing we are producing about
2,000 cars of fruit annually, which, with
ths local consumption and manufactured
fruit products, brings the total value of
the fruit crop to $3,000,000 annually. Within
the next six years, when, orchards come
Into bearing, the production will exceed
fl6,000.0u0. The stats Is particularly for
tunate in tho matter of railroad facilities
for the transportation of fresh fruit. Spe
cial fruit trains from California over the
BP
: ft
the rich reward of the wise and progressive
cltlsen.
Wlater Wheat Money Crop.
Winter wheat and alfalfa, the great stock
food, are the great money cropa of semi
arid Utah. There Is no country In the
world that produces larger continuous
yields per acre than Utah. Through the
adoption of scientific principles Utah has
Increased Its acreage yields until we are
first In the United States In barley, til;
euaua itcub, rv pvuiius, sugar oeeis, lwi
bushels; and second In wheat, with 17.1;
oats, with 43.1, and potatoes, 12.81. In con
nection with wheat production It Is an In-
Southern-Unlon Pacific. Western Pacific terestlng fact that 76 per cent Is raised by
Am Lo
and the Salt Lake Route pass through
the state dally, affording railroad service
enjoyed by few orchard sections of tbe
weac
All Growers Protected
Every safeguard Is put around ths grower
to prevent the Invasion of any serious In
sect pest or dlseaaea. The state maintains
rigid inspection In all orchards, nurseries
and markets, using every precaution to
prevent losses. The number of pests which
are prevalent and doing damage to crops Is
comparatively small and those that are
present can easily be controlled by modern
methods of spraying. Ths horticultural de
partment of the Agricultural college le ex
tremely active In experimental work and
In bringing to the attention of the growers
approved scientific methods.
With the development of the orchard
land there has been a simultaneous de
velopment of the auxiliary enterprises.
such as the canning factory, older mill
and sugar factory. These are especially
helpful In the development of young or
cneroa giving ins grower a market at a
contract price for a crop which he can
raise between the trees. Thus the expense
of maintaining ths orchard until It gets to
bearing Is not only eliminated, but the land
is really a source of profit.
nat r al Usnortnnlt r.
While the acreage in ths state devoted
to orchards Is Increasing, yet tnere are
dry farming methods.
Science has taught the leeson of conser
vation and utilisation of moisture, and the
knowledge has been so widely disseminated
that It Is needless to enter Into details of
principles Involved; deep plowing, nine to
twelve Inches, for reservolring the moist
ure; early spring plowing, and the fallow
during the eummer to better hold the
spring rains, which during the summer
months are dissolving the plant foods and
holding them in solution, so that when
planted In the fall the plants begin to send
their roots In ths soli in search of sue-'
tenance, the plant takes up barely more
than half the moisture of the reeervolred
water as It would require of water fresh
on the land and holding little plant food In
solution; ud It Is by the process of trans
piration through the stomata of the leaves
thst the largest quantity of moisture Is
consumed.
Aa Important Problem.
Bo this principle of summer fallow where
deficiency of moisture occurs Is one of
paramount Importance and ons which has
received too little attention. After the seed
Is drilled In the harrow should be kent
busy, as the finer the mulch the less evap
oration of moisture, and In this respect
Utah's soils era loamy and friable and
eJLslly susceptible to pulverisation.
These bench lands that are open for
homestead entry are IdeaJ for the growing
of alfalfa aad alfalfa aeed, as the roots
thouaanda of aeres awaiting only capital penetrate far Into the deep soils which eon
and energy to transform them from sage- lain all the mineral plant foods neoeaaarv
brush deserts to orchards and gardens. Ths I for perfect growth, and when once the
ame climate and sunshine which pro- plants srs established produce Increasing
duces beautiful, healthy fruits will likewise yields of hay and aeed every season for pe-1
give health and beauty to the children and ricds of from thirty to forty years without ,
wealth and happiness te alL I nmdlng. 1
Let This Be Y our One Ahm.
land!
it now!
Every man should own a lot of land. Certainly every
young man should own some. The opportunity is greater now
than it has been in fifty years to realize on good property.
In The Bee today many tempting offers appear.
People who acquired large estates are
willing now that others may share with them.
Wide awake dealers are advertising these
liberal propositions today.
Take advantage of it!
Do it now!
There is no possible way for you to ever
regret it.
For further information regarding this property call Doug
las 238, or address The Bee Land Department.
