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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 19, 1910)
'I How John li' I wiif . .. .m i f lowing wiQx Camli m NorlKern Inaii i --i- I -;v 4 . V (Coprrtrtt tftll1, ttV Fran O. frr. ALCUTTA. 1910-Sppclal Corre- fcl pondenco of The Hee.) The farmer Ik the bis man of the I'nkfd State, lla Ik a blg'rer man In India. Thtie are 2.U. 0JO of him and he formn the l;n k- Li.i.i ui the country. Today" h la com paratively quiet. The great unrest that la going on Is mostly among the other clafcps. It la fomented by the piofm atonal men, clerks und graduates of the Government -rchools, whose walking dtl taates ai moving about among the agri cultural mankpa and stirring up trouble. Una of John Uull's biggest problems Id to keep the farmers attached to the gov ernment, and the IlrltlRh official are doing all they can to this end. I spent an hour the other day at the agricultural department talking 'with its ecretary, Mr. J. O Miller, as to some of the movements. He tells me that the government Is awake to the needs of the farmer and to what Is being done for them In other countries. He speaks highly of our works along such lines, say ing that the. United States leads the na tions and that India Is taking lessons . from us. Mr. Miller tells me that every province of thla country has now Its agricultural de partment and agricultural schools. Each Is making a study of Its own peculiar con ditions, and doing what It can to Improve"" V. them Nearlv all have exnerlmental farms m:. . a. have !xpe.r. mental .s and are distributing seeds. Many are mak lug studies of the Insect pests, and not a faw n trvlnv tn hrnt on tha ntnrk nt xew are trying 10 Dreea up tne siock ot t. their respective territories. At the top of the aystem Is an Inspector general ot agrl- culture, who acts as technical adviser to- both imperial and provincial governments. and the chief agricultural experts of the country have been combined Into a board of agriculture, which meets at certain times to discuss the. farming situation and sub mit recommendations as to Its Improve ment. Agricultural colleges have recently been established In Madras Bombay and ' the united and central provinces, and there r. farroinv hnnrh.1 In nonrlu all th. In. dustrlal schools.. Started by An American. "Our modern agricultural movement," aald Mr. Miller, "was nractlcallr beirun hv an American. As far back as 1892 we have Tho blossoms come forth alonjr ln Oc bad a government expert to advise ua aa tobe and tne llnt u ready for P'ing to matters of agricultural chemistry, and ,n Jan(uar'- Tne Picking season lasts unUI we had begun some work along other AP", lines when one of your millionaires, a Mr. "We are now ra.ang some Egyptian cot Henry Phlpps of Pittsburg, came out to ton In tne Slndl and ar experimenting India. He was a friend of Lord Curson, there also w,tn American seed. Both kinds and as such he spent aome time here at do 'eu.lwjt It Is a question whether the Calcutta. American does not do better. The Sind "During his visit he became Interested ha9 now about m-m acre unde'' cotton; In the condition of the farmer and In there are something like 2,000.000 acres In the terrible famines which now and then the nBtlv states, and about 6,000.000 are overrun parts of this country. He be- lleved such things could be largely avoided by the Improvement of our farming methods and he gave a donation of 1160- 000 to start an agricultural school and farm here tn Bengal. These were arranged iujitoiiik me area ana our iraae, Dem at nome ana aDroaa. ine in- (tmu. iuib is joneu on cyiwuer wun-u io ngm a steam train, traveling at mrougn wnicn gases, moisture ana acia "Most assuredly it will, " was the reply, for by a council of state, consisting of i&ciiiti9U for handling the crop. We have creasing use of drying kilns, especially In is rotated evenly by clockwork, and the re- nearly sixty miles an hour, with electric- fumes cannot penetrate. Some have the -if China stops using the drug the greater lKrd Curaon General Lord Kltchner and now "omethlnK Mke 26.000,000 acres ln America, as a' means of conditioning and Uef on tt controls the strength of the cur- lty, would seem hardly possible, yet It is ringer in a separate box on the outside, but part of our opium farms will be wiped other men of experience. Borne of the wneat and the greater part af that is in seasoning lumb'i, is evidence of the mod- rent ln the line, which in turn acta at the being done every day. also protected. The door to the box Is out and we Bhall lose a large revenue. We ablest experts were hired and an up-to- the nortncr"n Prt of the country and ern-day desire to accelerate nature's receiving station on a Blondel osclllo- Electricity for use on a passenger train closed with a pin when the instrument Is have agreed to cut down our production date .agricultural college established. The u'PeclaIIy ln the Punjab. Most of the somewhat tardy methods. It has been left graph. By this a beam of light is thrown Is made right on the train itself. Mounted not In use. To make it waterproof a see- an(i t0 restrict our Importation to China fund originally given by Mr. Phlppa ha wneat es to Karachi for shipment to to a Frenchman U devise a system which more or less obliquely on a cylinder carry- on tqp of the huge locomotive boiler Is a ond door must be opened before the trans- jf tne Chinese government can show that it been added to until we have now ex- Europe. It Is taken from the farms to Is certainly somewhat startling. Judged by ing sensitized paper and moving at the small Curtis steam turbine engine no larger mltter and other parts are accessible to i8 really ln earnest ln abolishing the opium pended something like $600,000 In building the oars and shipped, without storage ia canons of precedent. Still, we live to sarrte speed as the transmitting cylinder, than an ordinary train water cooler, taking the trouble men or Inspector. The wires evn, as it Is now we are getting a rev up the institution. There is an axperl- elevators. Indeed, it is a question aa to learn, and In these scienliflo days,, as may The relief on the negative being propor- steam from the main boiler, which swirls are broughjt ln through pipes. The ringer enue or about 1X000.000 per annum out of mental seed Improvement station connected whether the eleVator system Is not what Da expected, the agency which Is to revo- tional to the Intensity of the different a small but powerful electrio generator armature and gongs are enclosed ln a hood opium. The loss of that sum will mean ft with It. and also a cattle breeding farm. wa need- That Is a live question In India." lutlonise the tedious process of seasoning parts of the photographic Image, the latter mounted on the same shaft with the mov- that protects them while it does not muffle much to the government. It will also mean There are laboratories of various kinds, "How much does your wheat yield per timber Is eleqtrlcity, the method being should be reproduced at the receiving sta- ing parts of the turbine. This electricity the sound. Special treatment la given to the cutting down of the government er .. i. .k.mi.i. k.(M4u' acre?" known as the Nodon-Brottonnean. The tlon. Mr. Belin's Improvement relates to Is carried through the train 'by concealed pieces of wire exposed. The metal parts, viea. . wa have a number of amnlrw.. gist, entomologists, horticulturlata and botanists. We have a department there for veterinary surgeons. The school Is ' teaching the natives almost everything .in, th- nn.. of .dvancrt aic.nt.ir.. .. . ........ adapted- to our special needs. It Is at the top of such Institutions In the country. and many of Its students are graduates of the provincial agricultural colleges." ladlao Iiuitroveaueate. 'These agricultural schools are making val.iable discoveries," continued Mr. Miller. "Take the Indigo crop. This was onco prof liable, and we had a monopoly ot the world's product. Then the German Invented a patented coloring matter called synthetic Indigo. It was made of chemicals, and could be sold more cheaply than our In digo. It was driving the Hindustan dye out of the markets when we discovered that by new methods of cultivation we could Increase the yield so that we could com pete with the Germans, and our planters are now making money. We had at on. time competition from America. In your colony days you took to growing the plant and manufacturing the dye. but you aocn found that other crops paid better, and the Indian production revived." "What ia the extent of the indigo farms T" I asked. "They have fallen off considerably with in the last twenty years. We bad more than a million acres under cultivation ten years ago, and ten - years before that about 2.000 sauare mllea These areas have been gradually reduced, until) they are new not more than one-halt the extent Af a nMiana im Manv nf nor nlantara are now resuming the business, and we have perhaps farms to th extant of 100.000 acre ln Bengal alone." Maltlaa Jkew lott.aa. "Ar you doing anything as to your cotton T" . . . . . -xe. wear invesugaiing tne crop ana tudylng our .oil. and climate condition, In connection with It. We raise, you know. a .hort. tap., cotton, and our farmer, find It more profitable in the long run. we are o Improve the .tap), by .elec- trying to trying to ibi prove me atapi oy seen eiec- tlon and by cros. fertilisation, it Is dlfft- cult to per.uad. the farmer, to make such aaperlment. although) they ar ready to Aprimata. lUnugt they v rdy ta Bull is Introducing: Scientific m.ytMn th.t will pftT. Th. rot- ' 1 t .? fffj ' fV. &. VAlM ' - i'VV'' I tk "P ton r The plnniem ran nlways t!Pt a ready sale for It. an'l they raise It to eupply the money rifnis cf tly family Juwt as your people uls-e win at, even though other things may jk'ld better. At preHent we have something like J,0K) square miles under cotton. The lemar.d for the product increases and we have u lai-Ke export of our raw material lo Japan and Germany. ' Much of that sent una belongs to our coarsest and shortest fibe:s. They are especially good for mix ing with wool, nnd for that reason they bring better prices than cotton of a super ior quality." "Our cotton Industry received a great tiirctiis at the time of the civil war In An. erica. . Your cotton w.bb then shut out of the market and the prices went sky high. This turned the Rttentlon to In dia's possibilities and experiment farms were eatablished for Improving the crop. The men put in charge of them came from England and as a rule they were little better than gardeners. When the war was over and you again monopolized the mar ket, these farms were taken over by the government and made experiment stations, borne of them are In existence today." India Versus the I nllnl States. "Will you ever compete largely with us as to cotton?" 'We are always competing, but I doubt """"" " l" "'"y affect your cotton in the European mar- We profit when you have a short crop a ind we come next to you among ntt,.n. nmi.r. nf th. n.nrM " Z lllZ T. Tiu-V "c'S8. however. Is limited, and we not,row a" n,"cl Per acr as yu bv, j Aa "- dred pounds of seed cotton. We usually raise 2,000,000 or 3,000,000 bales of 400 pounds each, and ln some years we have raised al- most 5,000,000." . "How do you grow cotton?" "The planting Is done by sowing the Beed broadcttBt or drilling It In. We have mnrhlriM vi-Vi Inh will clrnn turn mwa at tlme. We first coat the seeds with a " a " -"" plaster of cow dung, mud and water. This r..p Im vne our bite money crop.. I I f r' V 'A- vV-- ' A ' : . lSx rfxTZl ! V V V . ? v I covers me ui, aim nioy pass mrougn ine but the cows are poor milkers. There are ln each province. We have also govern- are maintained. In Mysore the best breed "Our horse breeding Is chiefly for the bred. We rind that tne Arab and t-hor-tubes without clogging. Our cotton Is also good cattle In Madras, and ln Cen- ment breeding farms stocked with cows of cattle has long been kept up by the army. We have government farms, and oughbreds form the most desirable, sh-ea. worked several times. The best of the tral India. One of the best milk breeds and bulls of the pure native breeds. Upon state. several hundred stallions which are dls- We have also thousands ot registered farmers give the plants two weedings. controlled by the government of Bombay." ' wheat troa of India. 11 1,18 omethlna" ebout your wheat crop. "On our irrigated land we can raise from twenty to thirty bushels, but the crop must bo carefully cultivated and manured, and it must be watered tllree or four times. We sow in n.-tnhr .nH ...... . .. .' harvest In March. In most locallti Is reaped with slcklee; it Is thrashed with bullocks and winnowed In the wind. Much of the plowing Is done with wooden plows, and altogether the cultivation Is primitive. "Our agricultural stations are now do- ,ng al, they can w ttroduca modern ma- chlnery. They advise the use of iron plows and 'of reapers and thrashers. They show the farmers how to use such ma- on the part of the dealers in the different makes. "We are also testing aa to artificial l.iauurea. itiui. viuuurci uui ii.i.e uarn yard fertiliser. The droppings of the cat tle are u-ed for fuel, and the average peasant gives aimosi notning back to the soil. The stations are distributing leaflets describing Improved f irming and giving suggestions. -Yet It is difficult to make the ryots, aa our farmers are called, un- dertake any new method or try new seeds." $ 1 Stock KarutlBaT. . "W hat are you doing to Improve your stock." I asked. We have breeding establishments con- VI A r sail With ikrtlltat it tViak M0rlrllltlirul ntn. V 7 r 7 : . . .. . ui. x-n.pps JMiricunura. coiizko, ui wn.cn i nave spoaan. say or use provincial uvrnmn prise aj given for the beet bred anl- mala, and of late dairy farms have been started under government provision. The Bombay department established one aome years ago, managed by expert from year ago, managed by expert from Sweden. There are also dairy farm In t-t...A i. ...... ...j n..i i 1 ... ...v.. - - - r where milk U cheap. All dairy machinery the official, of the Western Union Tel.- Is admitted free, and of late separators. raph company, for It is a matter of his- churn, and butter worker. ' have beentory that Prof. Alexander Graham Bell largely imporieu. oiucn or me cream goes by rail to the cities, and U there mad. vy r k.ub.. .na is mere mint Into better, which 1. sold fresh or put up In tin. and .hipped over India. Th. nativ. butter, or ghl. Is also made la large quan- butur, or hl U fcio mad In lug auau- HxeErmcr is Eke titles, as well ea some condensed mil, MlIPh nf n,lr h,lttBr npm ln rPvlnn. while, ' the ght Us exported to other countries for the Indian emigrants. Some of these dairies lne inaian emigrants, some 01 cnese aairies , . t.. . . .. ... " eBlaD,1Bnea on lne ""'"ary can- tonment farms. They are under military control and they give our troops pure milk ana butter. $ Sacred Cows Poor Batter Makers. "Are the sacred cows of India good milkers?" Sot as a rule," was the reply. "Our cattle are raised chiefly for work, and the milk used by the natives comes largely v... i o a are from the north, and eaDeciallv from Rajputana. Mysore has some fine breeds, Wide Variety leasoalng Timber by Electricity. N A recent Issue of the Timber Trade Journal, published in London, England, a new light on the problem of seasoning timber is thrown by the descrip- tlon of an electrical process, the invention of a Frenchman. The article de- scrlptive of this method is as follows: Short cuts toward seasoning timber re- quired for joinery and cabinet purposes have long been desiderata to the timber timber Is nearly Immersed ln a tank of ater containing 10 per cent of borax, 6 Per cent of reBln and a "ttle carbonate of ,oda and rest on a lead plate connected the positive pole of a dynamo. An- nlhr utmllar nlatA lvlntr on tha KiiinuAil urfac ot th" timber Is connected with the negative pole. Thus a current of elec- trlcity can be played around the wood, froin which, it is said, all the sap appears to be removed, while the borax and resin take its place ln the pores. In a few hours the timber la taken out and dried by what ipeuns Is- not staled and, hey presto, the .,.... v.u...J,.cl:. o. uu. iu ,. - " ing purposes or who take a supply of elec- triclty need 'not find th. rest of th. plant rfiffio.,1, ... o.i .... ., k. y.'Z m(nt Th, qilct converson of tie sappy .ir-l nf m ,,rtlln, nl.h mn. of aom. discolored arclannel .edwuo.1 into serviceable timter is something worth achieving Wsti Gxmt Inventions Went v-Beaalna. Slxty-flvo -ears ago. on the first of April, Prof. Robert Morse, accompanied by his associates, stood before congress and offered to sell the patents on the electric telegraph for 1100,000. After a long and bitter debate, congress appropriated 130.000 for the construction of a line between Washington and Baltimore In order that V-. m.alai nf lha in.lun lion .rV.t k... . ; ... il is recoroeu uiai reMiaent J'olK tnougnt tne invention a good thing for "... .uiuicr general. In a long report, gave aa his opinion that the revenues could never be made to cover the expenditure tn the tele- graphing of messages. Today, ln this country alone, the ' M country alone, the Mors system ar capitalised at f2JO.000.000. u,,. kiM little i. ..i..nn. ...i k.. v"ia o the telegraph company for th. paltry sum --- -u.i, ot 3O,W0. but the officials ofHiat company only -nd and declared the Invention a toy with no commercial value. Today there l0 wun D commarciai vu. xoaay tnr THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: JtJNE Bi Man in Iniia. , cornea from the uir niua ana Rtnfl. where th-y are owned by Mohammedans who drive them In herds from one Jungle p . . .,A,k0n TliO rrom one jungle pun i nn.... ... j, k. t runjao nas goou - Bengal are poor. 1 "We are having trouble In Improving ntnek or this Klna. i ne ninaoos iooh upon tne COws as sacred,, and keep them when tRey Bre maimed, old and worthless,. and give no retunr for the food they consume, This reduces the graslng for the younger animals. We have tried to Improve the stock by distributing fine bulls to the dls- irlct boards, but so far no valuable results i 'nr. w tA half. hrvl rttl are more subject to diseases. and we now have veterinary departments of Practical Every-day Uses are more than five million telephones ln use ln this country earning $150,000,000 an- nually. . Photoa-raphe bjr Electricity. An important Improvement has recently been Introduced Into the methods of trans- mltting photographs by electricity, ln- vented by M. Belln some three years ago. In this tho photographic Image which Is to be reproduced Is prepared ln relief in the form of a negative, with blchromatized the transmitting arrangement According to his old method the relief actuated a lever which governed a rheostat and thus varied the strength of the current. His new transmitter is really a microphone on which tha htirher mirtlona of thn npirattva press more or less strongly and thus ln- stantaneously affect the current in the line. The microphone consists ot a cylln- drical box, with Its bottom formed of a disc of carbon. On this rests a thin In- sulatlng washer' which is pierced with three concentric rings of equidistant holes, In three of these boles (2mm. ln diameter), ... a..B.. ui .u .Mu..ur w- v 80mm. ln diameter. A light metal arm, fixed to the top of this, carries a double rv.ir,. whih , r Teat of Ar Auuaratua. The French liner Provence arrived ln New York recently, having made a satisfactory v.v.. w. , iimuv . wiaiiLivtr test on the trip across the Atlantic of an apparatus which determines the direc- tlon of a ' shlD or land station sendlnf out wireless calls or mes- sages. The novel appliances, called - the Compas Ailmutal Hertxiennes, is the in- ventlon of two young officers of tho Italian navy. Slgnors Bellini and Tosl, and steam- ahina .f ti,. vrnh ni, h.v. niuH at their disposal for a year In order to nerfect the delicat. electrical mrur.i.i. captain Poncelet of the Provence, said that tlia UHe oI tl8 instrument would Increase reas. u P,. the safety of travel on the sea 100 jnt. The electrical. apparatus Is connected to .1.1.. lr.. frm ...... ; -.V . . .. . ' nt adjusted, the placing of a el pnon rete,vr to tne ear ur tne opera- of th. ttek of b. tor and a slow turning of the arm circle of the compass and the faint tick tne snip or station in the distance may be i j . i ... , n.ii imu . pomDaaa rji,rt , . n,in a" t0 ac' th" ""na- ,'Jt "V'. h" .d" - - .7 wl.IL the Provence wa. less than half a .... . out from Havre is communicated wMh the Boulogne plant and got it. e.act bear- " Captain Poncelet aid he -iyv.i 19, 1910. Agricultural Methods in India A one of these a thousand cows of one breeit bekleved the contrivance told the direction of a station or ship equipped with wire- less within a point and that be believed collisions at sea between vessels fitted Wtn direction finders would be im- possible ln fog or shine. He looks on the Bystem aa likely to revolutionize transat- iantio navigation, already made safe except ln thlck weather' by the ordinary wireless. not to menUon tn8 submarine bell system. MKhtlne; Trains b Klecl.-lcl t . wiring, where It la used for lighting pur- poses. Sometimes the Curtis train lighting set, as it is called, la located In one cor- ner of the' baggage car and connected to the locomotive boiler by a flexible pipe. Th turhlna ..t an .mnti-tlini I. BL.aa up no more room than a large trunk and requires no attention whatever, once it Is started, as it Is designed to run auto- matlcally. At first electric lighting for steam roijs was only used on the lawn and fastest through passenger trains, but now It is e-c- tending to the suburban lines. The Buii- mg.0,. suourp.n nne out ot cnicsgo nave u.,. ... r.roir.c ubuis lor some time, as well as other interurban steam line, about other large cities. nu. ..... . .... trUghtmg U InThe rtwrViK With electricity, the instant the train Is ..'u i.i... ... u... ...i.i. ., or nil th. 1 ,Mn.'in h,,m n,. in a few minutes the whole train is burnimz. a icw minutes ine wnoie .rain is uuriiiou, .preventing the work of rescuing the im- prisoned passengers. A train equipped and nlnerf for can uhtlnir N pvreofllnalv dangerous ln case of accident, for the flames have been known to follow the broken pipes through the train, setting fire to every coach and even causing disastrous explosions. Telephones In .Mines. Telephone men say that within the next ten ear" "ve'y Inll,e f Importance In the aai i n I . ii, 1 1 1 l.a Ai.nliiru. i It h lnloinm. ... munlcating systems. Following the disaster at Cherry, says the New York Hun, the Illinois legislature psssed a law requiring i'fi" the Installation cf telephone systems In mines as life-saving, precautionary meas- ure .nd the valle of na law haH becn guclj th, otn,r alateg and mine owners "UCn 10,1 0ln" " .". ,lke'y ' 'n!ne-. I PParal" '"'nufcturer. have bn too busy getting ln, j.mandg f the above-ground fields to - a.nnv h. nMia ni mines, ana not until " " , . . h within the last yea, - ha. "r special effort to contrive apparatus that u,d "'"..'ViV"" " ' - -- pnon. system, for mine, have ben ' . remedied. The economy of time ln com- munlcating by telephone with the varlou. loreman ai.d .uperintendsnu and with the wnuwi .u uvnimiiMii. -a - Ikr.xnffrJsTire, 'Have yon wary A"" horsest for Electricity various parts of the mine makes a strong appeal to the mine owner, and the protec- tlon afforded by telephones through quick service ln case of emergency, and the abll- Hy ln case of a caveln to Inform the rescu- lng parties of the exact location of the im- prisoned miner, are self-evident A number of llveB might have been Saved at the Cherry, mine if the imprisoned men could hava raided their resauers. The telephone sets made for mine use are Incased ln cast- Iron boxes with a hard enamel finish "uch as gong posts and bells, are zinc and. copper plated, and the screws are ot brass, reducing rust and corrosion .to a minimum. Palatial Roost for Birds. Approximately K&O.OC0 of the estate of Thomas J. Emery, who was by fur the largest realty owner in Cincinnati, has been set aside by his widow, Mrs. Mary Emery, for the founding and perpetuation of a home for birds. Mrs. Emery has com- d the purcnu),e of a traut ot land )n K od i.ace ot ubout tvvo acr ai)d -vanBWU ...... , , . ha" inl1fled hpr in fn"on 't over to the care of the department of bi- ology In the Ur.ver.lty of Clncim.at. This groumi - . u u.,.-.e.,i klnas Ol nouses wiic.e uie iraioery irioe can be sheltered.. It will be made secure against the Invasion of cattle and smalt . alul there will be housed there pos- 'hly 1 differtnt kinds of birds and their several species. In addition to this there will be houses for the birds of mixed "na- tlonality" and places where th. se may bo studied In their different classes and under different conditions. All the work of this gigantic bird colony ia tu be done under the direction of As- slslant Prof. 11. M. Benedict of the department of biology of the I'nlversily of Cincinnati, lie says that this has been for . : J .a .1 a ..... a - th() blrd or Cincinnati and that thousands of tliem have gone there lo rest and to eJt He sai he will arrange a place wiier many years a hina oi mruim piace iw . , undlB,u,bcd by passers by. . f, ld . .. Prof. Benedict. We must study the best t taiM.h blru.a to congr-Kate and nest , a reality where they are safe. The of Mr, Emery uaM th- f,r,t ()f k nn rn m v m mwiH ua in ina Hur u a.iu wu. . have a decided eirect in aiding oilier coin- munUi ,t be hnown .Th Ma Preserve' end w. will take .oU, dellghf in II I ilt Deoul. who csre to see It when It Is finally nen IU,"y rra nun ' ar"' . hu,band we 'y b7rd. -Cincinnati E, r over ot Biras. vincuinaw ti r both iimiir'P 0 anil Daiilitcr trlbuted to the dlatrloUi where fcoreea aret mares. Horse breeding Is encouraged by prizes offered at fairs, and by the purchase of good stock by the government. We have altogether a million or so of horses and ponies . In India. We are also breeding mules for military purposes and have aome- thing like 600 donkey stallions, many . of which have been Imported from Cyprus and Italy. We get them also from Spain. Persia and America. We have about 2000 pony mares and a large number of donkey mares as well." Opium and th t'hlnrae Market. Our conversation here turned to the ef- forts of China to tboUsh the use of opium, an(j i asked Mr. Miller whether this would not seriously affect doddv farmlnsr ln Inrtla. who control the crop and manufacture It for Bnpment abroad." "How is the opium handled 7 "In British India it is a government monopoly and it I also raised ln the native states. As to the product of the latter the government docs not Interfere, but It allow no opium to come into or pass through the British, territories without payment of duty. "The amount of land under such culti- vation Is comparatively small. In the British territories it Is not more than 1,W0 square miles, or about equal to your slate of Khode Island. The government decides what fields may be planted In popples and restricts these to certain se&, .. .t .h- im.a "" , ' , I m' The cultivators receive advances to enable them to prepare the ground and raise the v. iv, ...... .... ciop 10 ni own. a. age-La .,, Bover.i- n.enfs price. 'i hey send It to the fc- torles, where It I prepared for the war kets. It Is thera put up In chests and shaped to Calcutta, where there are auc- tlon sales monthly for export abroad. V India's Upturn the Ilea, "Why does China, which raises opium itirelf, tako Indian opium?" "Because our opium Is the bet of tho world. We have one kind called Mali. which brings In something like $S,000,000 yeur. As to the Chinese, we have acreed to stop sending them opium if they wilt I at... ,i i .i -. - -... oi v v vi iu ears.' They must alo stop raising opium. Wo lia.e begun to carry out our part Of m the contract and are gradually reducing" aiop u.u u. u.ug in me space of ten our manufacture and th. nin..d , hinc,o do no. ,rrU n... h.i. part of the contract we shull continue to export and "1. much u ,g u. d produce." h opium consumed In India?" used In every province, although not .o .fie p.ieni or i hinji T..u ....... tion Is highest in Assam, where It aill0unU to ab()Ut ,eventBoU' " 1 Ouu The United Provinces . . . Z .J " 'pound! ! per 1 of southern India lea Tii a. - . I Lked but s usuaUv .1 , " ""1 ' yy p mnu lx komUiu U drunk dlulved In water." 'I lIJ A V i. r . . ' I w i