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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 2, 1906)
TirE OMAHA. SUNDAY BKE: DKCKMDKIt 2. 11KKJ. Building New York Tunnels!olume of Business Makes These Prices Possible yCX I tranpporhi'ion, N"W York City a realization I hrvl tunnels woold aff.nl iiiuc'i letter mid quicker "f pul:i& the wnlur that surround Manhattan island, urn! iIhto me now a tuilly fowl m t i: ih I l,,h. r, l.etrg pushed r the livers ill i f! il prolmble cost of TiiMn ull..g l.,f i, i, ,.. tunii constitute moot notalilo engineering achievement i' e decadea ilimvult of execution and lOKtly an tho I'amima canal. Yet i ut'iMK tli canal haj been building for a k. ncratlon or more, and promises to renvilit unfinished for ninny Vars to tom, the tun. ii"ln u r New York will go through In a total oi five or six years from the tlnif tha lun ii'l erase, .attacked tlio metropolis. The canal problems have agitated two great tin tioi: at intervnls tor thirty years, and al most, th entire civilized world his been drugged Into tho discussion an to whether n o k or a reu-lvcl canal whs best. The l iiHy difficult anil important questions of Unucling nuclei- Ihr, Kat and Norlli lie ns have been calr.i'.y and auletly settled by ft lew capabl-. engineers, without any dis ci tsiuiu In the public prints, and very largely without any general Information OS to what wan being done under water tu lm ptove New Toik's means of communication Willi the rest of the world. Tl.a active digging of the tunnel beiin only fhree years ago. and nil of them will be finished In. two years more, while two pairs of tubes will be opened to traffic this coining summer. Who Is Halldlnc the Tunnels. For a srore or more of years there has been a tunnel project for crossing the Hud son froin lfobokoti to Morton street, Man Jmttiin, and at tlnies n little work was dine tinder tho river; Jut the enterprise was al ayM a losing one, and the Investor weie never able to push the work In n business like way. The change In the situation came In 1W2, when the Pennsylvania. Railroad company obtained tho necessary legal per mission to enter New Y'ork, and began to arrange definite means for tunneling the Iludnon, running a subway through Man bntlHti, and then tunneling the Kast liver to Long- Island. The plan, as perfected. In cludes six tunnels In all, two under the IIudHon nnd four under the Kant river. No sooner were tho Pennsylvania's Inten tions made public than others began to see the value of tunnels for quicker pussage In and out of Manhattan. The Rapid Transit Railway commission, representing the City of New Y'ork, agreed on twin tunnels from the Battery to city hall, Brooklyn, and commenced building In 1!B. William O. McAdoo secured the old Hudson river fran chise for the Hoboknn tunnel, and started double tubes acrons the river at that point. Not satisfied with tills, he ulso "ouuhI a franchise for two tunnels from I'ortlandt street, Manhattan, to Jersey Oily, and made a deal with several of the Jersey railways to carry their passenger Into lower New Yot k. Lastly. August I!liin;nt acquired the tun nel fever, and resurrected an old tunnel franchise for crossing the Kast river at Forty-second street; and, although ma.'tlnc with many legal difficulties, because, many believed the franchise was forfeited and dead, he rushed through twin tunnels, and Better Defense lor IA8HINGTON. Dec. l.-One of the w subjects of which President Hoosevelt will treat in his uies- I 1 ' 4 Kag-e to congress will be the de " 'i plorable condition of our coast de fenses. Deplorable, not so much through the lack of fortifications, guns or machinery, although much remains to be done on all three, but especially because of the lack of men necessary to keep the guns and machinery In order In time of peace, to say nothing of manipulating them should war break out. What the president will liuve to say on this subject will be short but to the point, and he will take a firm eland In favor of legislation calculated to remedy existing conditions. He has al leady placed himself squarely on record and only six months ago addressed a spe cial letter to the senate In which he pointed out that the increasing Importance and wealth of ports offered more Inducement to an enemy. "Tho fact that we now have a navy does not In any wise diminish the importance of coast defenses; on the con trary it emphasises their value and the necessity for construction," he said re cently. "It Is an accepted naval maxim that a navy can be used to strategic ad vantage only when acting on the offensive, and It can be free to so operate only after our coast defense Is reasonably secure and so recognUcd by the country." The president takes the ground that the security and protection of our interests re uuire the completion of our coast defenses, and that the plans of the National Coast Defense board should receive the generous support of congress. Chaage Saggested for Arlller. lu lils forthcoming message the president will reartirm Ills position, especially s. fur pending legislation providing for the reorganization of the coast artillery is con cerned. The nenute committee on military affairs lias favorabl reported a bill to e;,;iiale tie Held artillery from the coast artlllciy on the ground that they are two diailuct branch" of the service. The bill provides for the gradual Increase during rive vmrs of 2M otllccr and S.0I3 meu for lb.' coast artillery and S..S for the field artillery. The great troublo of the coast iii.ilWy liu been to secure and keep I'-Hlurd elei tricl ins. engineers and firemen. It will surprise many to know that most 3 for 7 WHAT DOES 3 for 7 MEAN? It means that during the mouth of December I will make to your meas ure 3 Shirts for $7.00. It being our dull month iu this department we want to keep our experi enced shirt makers em ployed until the openiug of tho spring trade in iJanuary. ALBERT CAHN Balrt aiaJier amd Xsa's ruraisker, 1323 FAIIAM ST. e viuauw aispi)- these are likely to be tin: flrsi thrown open to the p'ibltc, being promised, for completion early In Itxii. Tunnel KniiUrrrlng Problems. V'lien tl.a ancient Assyrians dslred to build a tunnel under the lOuphrates, some .1.0i years ago, they formed another chan nel for the waters, lit the river bed run diy, and then built n continuous arch of Masonry ilng tbe bottom. YVh-n this was closed in and made water tight they tuid)d the waler bnk into Its natural channel. This simple method of tunnel building is not .applicable' today. To turn aidc the watms of the Hudson for a slnaie week would paralyis every Industry In New York City. Modern river tunuei-i, like modern city subways, have to be dug without disturb ing or Interfering witli material Interests and businths conditions. The problem bo fore each set of eiifc'ineers engaged on these tunnels whs how to run a large hole under the liver, nnd elect a. tube of Iron and concrete therein and lit the mine th'.o Kt'-p the open ends .tee from a flood or Inrtirh of water, ho that the workmen wiuld not be in constant cianger of being drowned. Puit ol Ihu tunnel excavations, It was known, Would be ij.H jgii rock and purl thiougn s;md and mud, emii requiring widely different nr.thods of tunnel con struction. The Ural question to be decided then was, What was the river bed like at the points whern. crossing was proponed? This was ascertained by each corps of engineers In the ei'ine way that miners test the rock for ore, by diamond drill boring. Tunnel lonilrnrllos by Shields. When the soil for a tunnel site hud been thus thoroughlc explored, perpen dicular well-like shufts were sunk In the earth near the river margin. These were formed by digging nnd blaptimj, wPh h caisson, and when a point was reached where the water began to How in. a sheathing of metal or concrete, or a com bination of the two, was formed to kern out the water. When a shaft was down about fifty or sixty feet the rock was blasted out on both sides to form headings, one leading to tard the tunnel entrance inland, and the other leading down under the river.' The inland tunnel work was much like subway building, but It is the under-rlver work that now Interests us. A great steel cylinder called a shield is set up in the heading and pushed forward under the liver. This shield Is about two feet larger in diameter than the tunnel tube and allows the forward end of the tunnel to be built Inside of It for a distance of a few yjrds. The shield Is pushed for ward at regular Intervals by a series of powerful Jackscrcws, and thus the work advances. When the tunnel goes through soft sand and mud the front end of the shield it closed, and It is forced ahead, making an aperture for the tubing, but when the tunnel course lies through ek or hard earth, the front is partly opened by gates and workmen blast the rock or dtu cut the earth and pass It back through the air locks. Each of these fourteen tunnel tubes is built to contain one set of rails for trains of cars to be operated electrically by the third-rail system. There will be no smoke of the cost of fortifications Is for electrical machinery, "lire control" and searchlights, the "fire control' being the system of telegraphic and telephonic communication between forts und batteries, and with ob serving stations. Millions of dollars have ben spent and additional millions will be spent to establish power plants and Install oostiy electrical machinery, and yet the coast trtlllcry is expected to take care of them with enlisted men at'jl3, J15 and 118 a month. For example: Sixty engineers are absolutely necessary, and the bill pro vides for that number at I7S0 per annum each. Tho places of these engineers are now tilled by privates and noncommissioned officers, the pay of the highest being J1S per month. As such engineers can get from $75 to $K0 per month in private life It Is almokt impossible to get them to re-enlist after they once qualify a engineers, und thus the costly and Intricate machinery of our const defenses is almost constantly lu the hands of untried men. In addition the work of constantly breaking in new men is extremely trying to tlte officers and dis couraging to those who are attempting to bring the coast artillery to a high state of efficiency. lore Men Are Needed. A private statement of the condition of the coast defenses of twenty-eight fortified ports shows that to man them with one shift of officers and men, that Is to say, each man at his proper station, would re quire 40.C73 men and 1,634 officers. There are today available at tho different forts 10,713 men and 357 officers, scarcely enough to keep the gjns and nuichlncry from "lusting! fommcrcuil inlerrsts lu geiural, and n peciiilly thoee concerned with shipping and lerininuls at our groat ports, will be Inter ested in this matter, If they take the trouble to investigate tho fucts. Tuke New VoiU, for instance, witU Forts Tolten, Bchuyb r, Sloe u in, Wads worth, Hamilton and Han cock, equipped with big guns, torpedoes, searchlights, etc. It would require otii eers and 5,t2 men to man these forts alone, without providing for any reliif whatever. That Is more tlian two-thirds of all the offi cers and half of all the men now envr;iged in taking care of all the coast Uefi-iisia of the entire I'nlted States. Other cities present luteiLsiing .statistics. There is Ban Francisco, the tenniiyil of the I cniiRip AH Y SHIRT BUT CAHN'S mm e if v i- & nuisance In any tunnel, neither will there be darkness, except by accident, for each luoe will be peipetuitily lighted by eleclrio lamps strung at intervals along the couise. The cars run will resemble those of the New York subway, but will be of all-steel construction, to reduce the possible dam age from fire and collision. The danger froin fire. I fear. Is real, as witness the horrible tragedy in the Paris subway a few yeare ago. All-steel cars will do much to reduce the danger, and for the rest the public must trust to Providence and the careful management of the tunnel officials. As to collisions, since ail the tunnels are in pah, the trains run only In one. direc tion, so that hea-on collisions are Impos sible, nnd only renr-end smashups have to be guarded against. After all the tunnels are In opeiatlon. which will be about 1!I9. travelers ap proaching New Y"oik will be transferred to electric trains, or else an electric locomo tive will be hitched to their trains, at some cilstanre from the cliy. so that the old F!"fii.i horse will become a rarity around Ciothani. The New York Central nd New York, New Haven 4 Hartfo-il roads are already arranging for electric ones ex tending thirty or more miles from the city, while tho Pennsylvania's electric sone will extend five miles out. Kventually the steam locomotive, with Its soft coal smoke and cinders, will have to do duty only on freight lines that do not come In close contact with passenger travel. When that time arrives all women travelers cun dress In white, like Phebe 8now, without en dangering spotless garment. Financial Kalna from h Tauuela These fourteen tubes, built at an ex penditure of about one-fifth of a billion of dollars, have only one purpose to save about a quarter of an hour of the time o people who cross the rivers. At least l.l'O, WO people go In or out or Manhattan ever) clay. The tunnel will save them ISO.niv, houis of time. If this averaged 5 cent. an hour In value, the saving is Itl.Juo a day, or nearly ISMMuioo a year. This amount Is 12 per cent of the cost of the tunnels, and If half of it is charged to the public, the tunnels can pay the stockhold ers 6 per cent. The commuters who go In and out of New York daily will not only have another half hour of time added to their leisure, but tho value of their real estate, and of all suburban property within, say forty miles, will feel the Influence In increased valuation. Probably the gains In realty values about New York, resulting di rectly from the tunnel Improvements, will total a larger sum than the cost of the tunnels, great as la that figure. Thus does one enterprise assist others, and every mod em Improvement added to the alreudy wondrous aggregation of marvels In New York, brings with It added good to all those who are so fortunate as to live In or do business In what will soon be the largest, as it Is already the greatest and fastest growing city on the globe. Moody's Magazine for December. Employers' Liability The French employers' liability act, re cently adopted. Is based upon an equal di vision between employer and employe of the pecuniary consequences of every accident. American Harriman and other great transcontinental lines, and from which the ships of the Pa ciiic Hail and other Transpacific lines carry our goods to the orient; in many respects the key to Hawaii. Guam and the Philip pines. To defend San Francisco are Forts Foster. Miley, Hurry. Baker. Mason, Win fltld Scott and McDowell. To man these would require 175 officers and 08 men. There are available fortyrtwo officers and I.40U men. The coast defense plans cull for the expenditure of J3.lliV.M2 to complete the defensea of Sail Francisco; of which $43.U' Is to be spent for guns, emplacements and carriages; $K9,'Jo5 for submarine mine de fenses, $331,952 for a central power plant, $1H3.i;4 for a reserve power plant, 1M. for searchlights. J19.WO for mcdernirlnn older emplacements, and $1,473.W1 for "fire control." ( ost of Maeni. It will cost 1,I73,'J31 to install a complete system of communication alone at San Francisco, acd' It Is a significant fact that this lire control Installation will be the only one recommended to congress this year, because there are no men available lo care for others If they should be In stalled. And, In passing, it may be re marked that for Forts Mason and McDowell at San Francisco there are no men availa ble ut all. Portland Is another place ou the Pacitlc roust of Importance. Forts Columbia, Stfeven and Canby defend Columbia river. It would require 67 officer and 1.440 men to properly man these defenses. Ten officers and L'4 men are available. The National Ixsird estimates that Jl is necessary to complete these defenses, but there Is no prospect at present of congress being ever asked to appropriate a dollur for this pur pose, so long us ten officers and 240 men do the work of ti7 officers and 1,440 men, nnd enlisted men at J13 to J1S u month will fill positions us engineers, firemen, master gun ners, electricians, observers, gun pointers, etc. Seattle. Tacini i and Olytnpia. Wili., are important cltUs on the P..cillc- c.iast. How are they ptm Idcd with coast deftnsi s? Paget Hoai d is di fended by Forts Wordcn, Casey and Flagler. These firts are manned by the magnificent equipment of '7 oftictrs and nan, where li? officers and 3, loo men are now required: Kven at that there Is only one officer to thirty-two men. wh'-re the proportion should be one officer to twenty-four men. I'laaa for Paget suand. The coast defense plans call for an elab orate system of defense for Puset sound. An expenditure of 15.519.349 Is estimated us necemar to complete It. Of this $1,413, 60 is for new fort alone, Including guns aid carriages. The national bourd on coaKt defense says tlmt "theo waters have become of the greutest straretic and com-rn-reial Importance, due to the completion in the extreme northwest Of great rail way (system and the establishment of a hsvy yard coiuamlrg the only locks on tie Paiil'.c const with tho capacity for a haf.h ship. Tht se considerations press for i n 'ncreased and ai'equate defense at an early dale. The en' ranee is four miles wide. !od ) deep that it cannot be sue i st" iliy mined. Fogs are very prevalent i- P . got sound and a bold, enterprising na' l commander might lie willing to take the iik of running the entmn'.-e at times vi'e.i the ship could not be seen front the 'letter' In order to strengthen the ar-tllhr.- defease to meet this condition the board re.'oiiir.H ndf a s-econd line of guu defease extending from Foal Weclher Pijff to Double Dlaff. some seventeen miles from the otter entrance." Put under present conditions Tuget sound ill get nothing. On good authority It may m stated that the senate committee on appropriations has taken the groui.d that until v.f!U'icu.i men have been pio vliltd tu tuke cure of li.e ens and ma .hinrry now lu position it will uot appro mm I 1 NOV.' JV that the people of the 25 carloads of Pianos stock of Pianos (the J Li u The styles and patterns are all the very latest, cannot be duplicated viz.: ' Solimer, Chiekering Bros., Fisher, Estey, Wejpnian, Price & Teeplo, Franklin, Schaeffer and twenty-tlnye other reliable nud standard makes. To give the reader an idea of WHAT THEY CAN SAVE by buying during this, the GRANDEST HOLI DAY PIANO SALE we quote below a few of the many bargains Christinas New Uprights. Usual Price. Sale Price. 1 New Upright, walnut case $190.00 $95.00 1 New Upright, oak case , $225.00 $115.00 1 New Upright, mahogany case $235.00 $127.50 1 New Upright, burl walnut $250.00 $137.50 1 New Upright, oak case $265.00 $155.00 1 New Upright, walnut $275.00 $176.00 1 New Upright, oak $290.00 $175.00 1 New Upright, oak '. . . . .$310.00 $205.00 1 New Upright, mahogany $325.00 $215.00 1 New Upright, burl walnut $375.00 $250.00 1 New Upright, oak $450.00 ' $295.00 1 New Upright, mahogany $400.00 $272.50 Seacoast priate money to complete our coast de fenses. The committee takes the giound that there Is no us providing additional costly guns and machinery when tho coast artillery cannot tako cure of what we al ready have. Increase of Hrgular Artlller. Ill general terms the bill for the In crease of the arti.lery fore proib;s for an Increase of a little less than fi,'0 en listed men and the proper c mj.lem nt of officers therefor.- Of this number about &.O.0 are to be udded to the coast anil. cry and l.OtiO to the field artillery, the latter arm to be entirely separated from the coast artillery and organ. z d into six regi ment of six batteiies each. The bill fur ther provides for the increase of pay of the higher grades of enlisted men, so that fheir comiiensatlon may approach a little more closely to the pay of titular int.lii gence and skill in civil life. As a matter of fact, the relief afforded byhls bill, especially for the coast artillery, will be but small, but will pave the way to fu ture additions. The present coust artillery force Is lef s than 14.000, where the e should be over 40.000 for one relief for th; guns now In position, to say nothing of gun to be mounted or the men needed at onje for submarine defenses now installed. In time of war two r'l.efs would be imp ra tlvely necessary, so that the present force of 14,030 would be but about one-sixth of that required when the enemy is at the sei gates. Modern fortification and modern field guns c n.not be effectively , hautllej by green men. and there would be but little time practically for the fain ng of new men. The bill has already be?n favtrably reported by the senate military committee, and the house coiumitte- will undoubtedly take like favorable action. There a-pe--ir to be no reason why the I ill should not pass if a'l .wed t ) ome to a vote. Pointed Paragraphs Struggling to get rich quick keeps many 3 men poor. Th" lets money a inun has. the sooner a doctor cures liim. Time I ; money to the woman who has a I mania for shopping. One cook in the kuclieir is worth a dozen : I.. .1. . t.....li;.. ,n rttli,,, ' 111 toe lll'flllriui. jih v . Destiny dotxs man and then proceeds to hand him a gold brick. A girl hopes that the veil of the future will prove to be a bridal veil. Clfnl'is never amounts to much unless it Is backed by common sense. An author's brightness Isn't always due to the burning of midnight oil. Tbe camel must be all right, otherwise nature wouldn't have backed him up. If women weie obliged to think of bome thing to say they wouldn't talk so much. Many a conservative man lose hi money on a sure thing because he is afraid to take chances. ' ' When a woman goes shopping the pitch of her voice depends on whether slie ask fur silk or calico. If you could coninie jeople that the good die young, nine-tenths of the human id.ee would be imitating the devil in an hour. Probably more young men would be able to ejrn their own living If they didn't hae lathers to support them. Chicago New By Another Name l o )ci- On hal giound, ii.jdan , do tu Intend to base your action for dlorce? Client On the ground that my husband has what they call the artistic tempera ment. Taut s sufficient, isn't U? Lawyer Tea, that is ample, but to com ply with the legal forms we specify it as Incompatibility, neglect, and extreme and repeated cruelty Chicago Tribune. JT has been demonstrated by the number of Pianos that have been soldbyHAYDEN BROS, in their uuiyj west know a piano bargain when they see it. Our great purchase of from Fisher Piano Co. and Price & Teeple, together with our regular largest in the west) enables us to suit the taste and fancy of anyone. After the Theater When you are tired nnd restless, your nerves need something to steady them so that you may linve a quiet and restful sleep. - Jetter's Malt Tonic Restores quiet, gives .Uiength and nourishment, arouses the dormant aj petite nnd produce, sound and refreshing bleep. Ask your druggist for U 15c JKTTKK'K MALT TOXIC Y and autli South 4- ONLY and Via STRAIN OAQLY Via the Only Doublo Track Route Tickets on Sale Dec. 1st to 5th, Good Till Dec. 10th. CITY OFFICES, 1401.3 Farnam St. The Purchasing Power of Thousands of n.l. n Tijr DCC Prosperous Western Families is Found UciUl Ul I 111. DLL The following lines will be "sold at prices that Uesides the above we have on our floor the output of tweuty tliree other factories and will sell any of them, guaranteeing to the purchaser from $7.".00 to $200.00 on each instrument. DVAU IX MIND, that while our PRICKS are the lowest iu the west the quality is the VKKV BEST Our terms are the easiest and every piano offered in this sale is guaranteed by both factories and ourselves. IMPORTANT Buy now while the assortment is the largest we will, if you should desire it, so arrange that your Piano will be delivered on Christinas. An Extra Inducement For out-of-town purchasers, we will ship to any responsible party any Piano in this Great Holiday Sale to any place with in 500 miles for a 10 days' trial and if the instrument is not as represented in every respect we will take it back and pay freight both ways. Christmas Sheet Music Sale begins Monday. All the latest and most popular sheet music, both vocal and instrumental, will be found here. Mail orders given prompt and careful attention. Pianos moved, tuned and repaired A- r:.4. ii.iT.ii ..: A I .iff' i mriMM. dfr "Srtsf- f I Win per bottle, DK1T., Omaliu,. Nob S A JO... Via T If ii INVERT drop of water - used in brewing Storz Bew is drawn from our Artesian well (1.400 feet deep). This water la Ideal for brew ing purposes, being pure and sparkling, and pos sessing In Itself health giving properties. The absolute purity of our water supply Is one es sential feature In add ing to fctorz boer a sparkling clearness and healthful quality, that is found only In our beer,( ;Aslc for Storx Beer down town. Order a caseforAyourhome today.t fetoriBrewinglCo., vsmniia.' tu Drugs and Rubber Good s y kazz., zxrxxsB o rmuioHT. The mall order business Is a most Im portant purt of our trade, and it receive the same pmjmpt and careful attention that is shown order given at our counter. The line of goods we handle Is far too great to be quoted In newspaper spacn and drug buyers should nd for our cata logu. lorn of our priossi -qt. Fountain Syringe, 60c; by mall, SO 2-qt. Water bag, 50o; by mall aoe Oood Kuhber Oloves, 49o; by mall 6i Chest Protectors 80c to 3.60 Bpsoltl quotation furnished on Drug Hamad balow in large quantities: Sulphur, Copper, Saltpatar, Inseot Powdw, Fow drd Hellabon, Ground Oyster Sjnell, Ferfumad Taloum (bulk), Solution BUI. eat Soda, Toilet Soaps In gross lot, Fur Borax, 100 kind Mineral Water. Write for catalogue. Sherman & McConnsIl Drug Co. Wholesale and Katall Drugglata COB. SIXTEENTH AND DODOS STB. Warehouse 1614 Dodge Street. K. W. HOUR by using th llornshy Ak rovd Oil Kn. Mine, i an be produced at a cost of VaC C The fuels used are the cheaper giado of crude, fuel or kerosene oil. Our catalogue will Interest every power plant owner. DeLAVERGNE MA IIINK CO., OK Xi;V VOItU. IXM-Ul AKPlltS OMAHA MACIIINKHV & M i'PLV CO. 1 01 Ii and I lout;. Ms. Omaha, Xeit. Busines s Boosters Try th Wtnt AJ CoJauioa of TU is?