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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (May 11, 1902)
TIIK OMAHA PAI1YY JlEEt SUNDAY, MAY 11, 1003, ! ACCORDION IM.KATHO. REPT'CED prices In pleating, ruchlnas, tucking and appllquelng. For full In formation Inquire ideal i'leatlng Co , 1M0 Howard Bt TT2 J7 TRGEI, Ton shrubs, vines, treed, etc., see the Crescent City rala ground, south side of liriiara and 21at Bis. 'Phone Ita. -Ml M?2 ITURAOE. PACIFIC Storage and Warehouse Co., 12. 914 Jones, general storage and lorwardlng. ill OM. Van Stor. Co., 1511H Farn. Tela. 1559-63. 8SJ KDKATIOIAL, FRENCH. Spanish, fencing. 408 N. Hlth et M4l ASJiOt JC KMfiJiTS. WATERS PRINTING COMPANY. Tola phone 2190. 6U South Thirteenth street. -M469 ATTOnXEVS. MACFARLAND A MAY, 306 N. Y. Life. 270 Mfl FAWXBHOKERS. KAOLTS Loan Office, reliable, accommodat ing; all business confidential. 1301 Douglas. FRATERNAL ORDERS. THE GARDEN ERB protect old age as well fia life. Charter members free. Partlcu ara from Frank Hosewater. aupreme manager, 223 Bes Bldg. 724 FIR DRESSING. O. R. GILBERT CO., tanner. 1424 So. 13th, 873 COWS. .WILL TRADE CERTIFIED milk for cows, subject to test for tuberculosis. Sanitary lalry, 3016 Farnam atreet; 'phone No. 411. MM M24 TAILORING. JOE YOUSEN removed to 1411H Farnam St. 45o Jl BALIS TIES. OMAHA Hay Bala Tl Co.. 811 North 16th. 374 MAX LFACTl RING. U, MELCHIOR, 18th and Harney, ma chlnlat. -M371 OMAHA Safe and Iron Wks., make a spe cialty of Are escapes, shutters, doors and safea. O. Andreen, Prop., 103 S. loth 8u M872 MATRIMONIAL. YOUNG widow, no children, owns fine farm and other property, also llO.noO cash, wants kind, reliable husband. Hart, 47 Park Ave., Chicago. YOUNG widow, no children, owns fine farm, and other property, also 310.000 rash, wants kind, reliable husband. Hart, 47 Park Ave., Chicago. BRASS FOUNDRY. BRASS and aluminum casting, nickel plat ' trig and finishing. Specialty Mfg. Co., 41 N. Main St., Council Bluffs. POLICIES PIRCHASED. INSURANCE policies, old-Una companies, purchased. Loans on policies. Call on or writs The Putnam Co., 604-6 N. Y. Lira Bldg., Omaha. Neb. DRESSMAKING. IN FAMILIES. Mlsa Sturdy, 2043 Farnam. m jio IF YOU KNOW A ..SMAP.. Buy a Concord Buggy open or top. lgteel or Rubber Tires. Built by either Columbua Buggy Company or the Babcock Company. And Buy it Now While we are closing them out. The beat aver offered for the money. No trade for old buggy. We show and sell the finest Una of HARNESS la the olty. Everybody says so. Many good bargains in Second Hand Phaetons, Runabouts and Family Carriages and elegant Spider Phaeton, two One Victorias. Drummond Carriage Go. 1 8th and Harney Sts. Building Mechanics Wanted The Builders Exchange of St. Paul, Minnesota, will guarantee work for the present season at first-duns wages to 400 Carpenters. 150 Brick Invent, 1M Mason Tenders and la Hoisting Engineers. Builders Exchange, Ryaa Buildlnf . St. Piul. Minn. LEU AL NOTICES. NC TICK. Notice is' hereby given that there will be a special meeting of the mayor and council of the city of Florence. Nebraska, at th rlty hall In aald city of Florence on Wednesday, the 4th nay of June. 1j2. at 'clock In the evening, for the purpose o iiuullalng aldewalk uaaesamenla and levy ug special assessments to pay for repairs on the following sidewalks during the fiscal year beginning tbe first 'lueadny In May jnoi, ana in irunt or ini following lots mi Parcels of land In the city of Florence, n surveyed, platted and lithographed. Th following being a drstrlpllon of the lots to he assessed aim tne amount against eac t a -'i t At a ki.w.w I ttr lot 1. block i. it 4. block 6. tU V north 't lot 6. block 5. IIOud; lot 2. block 22, 11187; south H lot s, bloc JLi. Iw, lot luck 23. fe el; lot 1, block 23. 112 ; lot I. look ti, $14.11; lot 1, block 1, S16.4U; lot Llock 2. 117 W; lot t. block 26. 114.46; lot Llouk se, iitlM, iut 4, blova M. IU.UB; lot IK.fi At, SOTKB. block 32. $1 1!; lot 7. block r, 73 cents; lot . block tt. 15."V lot 4. block 4.1. 2S M: lot 8, block 43, I1R.K: lot ft. block 4f, $10.16; lot T, block 4.ri, north W feet, block lift;, I1.1.H"; south 112 feet, block 12. 130 86; lot J, block 129, M0.M. Given by order of the mayor and council of the city of Florence, Nebraska. CHARLES A. SMITH. 4wks EA3 City Clerk. NOTICE. Notice 1 hereby given that at a regular meeting of the mayor and council of the city of Florence. Nebraska, held on the 5th day .f May, 1!K2, the following estimate wan made of the probable amount of money iieceesfcry to be raised In said city for current expenses as oelow specified, during tho fiscal year beginning the first Tuesday In May, 1S'2. and ending the first Tuesday In May, 1. which estimate Is based on the entire amount of revenue of said city during the last fiscal year: ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES. For Improvements of streets, public grounds and buildings $ 8fiO 04 For Board of Health 25 00 For officers' salaries 1,105 00 For fire department 2"0 00 For city hall contract , 134 00 For printing and stationery 35 00 For water rental 70 00 Incidentals - 150 00 Total IS.2TK 00 For which an appropriation ordinance may be passed at a meeting of the council after four weeks' publication of this notice. Given by order of the council. JOHN S. PAUL, Attest: Mavor. CHARLES A SMITH. 4wks EA8 City Clerk. NOTICE. The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Frrmont. Elkhorn & Missouri Val ley Railroad eompnny will be held at the office of the company In Omaha, Neb., on Friday, May 23, 1!2. at 10 o'clock a. m. for the election of directors and the transac tion of such other business as may come before the meeting. J. B. REDFIELD, Secretary. MMI'l IAILWAY TIME CARD. I'NION STATION IOTH AND MARC V, t'nlon Pacific. Leave. Arrive. Overland Limited a 9:40 am a 7:30 pm Fast Mall a 8:60 am a S 25 pm California Express a 4:26 pm Pacific Express all. 30 pm Eastern Express a 4:35 pm Atlantic Express a 7:00 am Llncoln-Stromaburg Ex.b 4:06 pm bl2:30 pm Grand Island Local b 5:30 pm b 9:35 am Chicago, Milwaukee A St. Paul. Chicago Limited a 6:00 pm a 8:06 am Chicago & Omaha Ex..b 7:16 am b 3:40 pm Missouri Pacific. St. Louis Express alO":00 am a 6:25 pm K. C. & St. L. Express. al0:50 pm a 6:16 am Wabash. St. Louis "Cannon Ball" Express a 6:16 pm a 8:20 am St. Iouls Local, Council , Bluffs al0:00 am a 10:30 pm Chicago, Rock Islrnd and Paclflo. ' EAST. v Leave. Arrive. Chicago Daylight a 7:w am a 9:36 pm Chicago Express b 11:13 am a 6:06 pm Des Moines Local a 4:00 pm bll:50 am Chicago Fast Express.. a 4:36 pm a 1:26 pm Des Moines, Rock Is land and Chicago a 7:40 pm a 8:25 am WEST. Lincoln, Colo. Springs. Denver, Pueblo and West a 1:30 pm a 4:15 pm Colo., Texas, Cal. & Oklahoma Flyer a 5:20 pm a 9:50 am Illinois Central. Chicago Express a 7:20 am a 6:10 pm Chicago, Minneapolis & St. Paul Limited a 7:50 pm a 8:05 am Minneapolis A St. Paul Express b 7:20 am bl0:35 pm Chicago Express al0:36 pm Chicago A Northwestern. The Northwestern Line. Chicago Special .a 7:10 am .a 4:1a pm .alO:66 am .a 4:S6 pm .i .-j0 Dm .a 7:4a pm all:20 pm a 8:00 am a 4 06 pm a 4 06 pm a 2:40 pm a 8:20 am a 8:30 am a 6:30 pm al0:25 pm a 8:40 am a 3:60 pm Chicago passenger... Eastern Express Eastern Special Fast Mall Omaha-Chicago L't'd Fast Man Cedrfr Rapids Pass... Twin City Express... Twin City Limited... ...a 7:06 am ...a 7:66 pm ...a 6:16 am Sioux City Local.... WEBSTER DEPOT UTU A. WEBSTER Fremont, Elkhorn A Missouri Valley, Leave. Arrive. Black Hills, Deadwood, . Hot Springs a 8:04 pm a 6:00 pm Wyoming, Caspar and Douglas d :40 pm e 5:00 pm Hastings, York. David City, Superior, ueneva, Exeter and Seward. ...b 3:00 pm b 6:00 Dm Norfolk, Lincoln and Fremont b 7:30 am b 10:25 am Fremont Local 0 7:30 am Missouri Pacific. Nebraska Local, Via Weeping water o :iu pm aio:zs am Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis A Omaha. Twin City Passenger.... a 6:30 am a 9:00 pm Sioux City Passenger... a 2:00 pm all:20 am Emerson locai o d:w pm o a:ta am BURLINGTON STATION IOTH A MASON Chicago, Burlington A Qulncy. THV, A rrlti. Chicago Special a 7:00 am a 4:06 pm Chicago. Vestlbuled Ex.. a :00 prr. a 7:45 am V 1 1 II B U ' ' ' Chicago Limited a 7:50 pm a 7:4a am Fast Mall a 2:40 pro Hnrllmton A Missouri RlTer. Wymore, Beatrice and Lincoln a 8:40 am bll:56 am Nebraska Express a 8:40 am a 7:35 pm Denver Limited a 4:25 pm a 6:46 am Black Hill, and Put m ,M Bouna AiprcBi ,i i , .w yia Colorado vtstlbuled Flyer :w pm Lincoln Fast Mall b 8:00 pm a 9:17 am Fort Crook ana Platts- mouth b 8:20 pm bll:0S am Bellevue & Pacific Jet. ..a 7:40 pm a 8:20 am Bellevue & Pacific Jet. ..a 8:00 am Kansas iiiyr B "i'u -"ii tr.r-aa. Cltv TV v Ri a 1:90 am a 1:06 Dm St Louis Flyer a 6:10 pm all:15 am Kansas City Night Ex...al0:30 pm a 6:16 am a Daily, b Dally except Sunday, c Sun day only, d Dally except Saturday, e Dally STEAMSHIPS. ANCHOR LINK U. a. MAIL STEAMERS Balling recularlr Mmi NEW YORK, LoNDOSliliRBV OLASOOWj NEW YORK. GIBRALTAR A NAPLES. - . j . . i L-uii-n ("i.i.i.. superior wwuii""ii ' rrd for tbs comlort ot pasanssra atudloualjr coa ildra nd practlcad. Stasia or aouno inp nun, uww v b ..i antrh Knsllah. Irish and all Prlntual ContlDantal Dolnts at sUractlra rt Tor tlckl arianaral Information ppir lo HENDERSON BROS.. Cklcass. sr any LOCAL AOENT. mm FOUR SEPARATE AXO DISTINCT SERVICES. Fast Twin-Sere Paaaenger Steamers sail ing regularly from Boston, Portland and Montreal to Liverpool, also Boston to Mediterranean ports. Send for booklet. Mediterranean Illustrated." For rates. eta., apply to local agent or company's oBce. tSU Dearborn Bt., Chlcasjo. III. MOLLAND-AMEniCA LINE SpWHn--v - . LM..H-M via ll.liln..n. O M NW' Twln-aWrew a s. of 1S.CU0 tons regwW. n-i- ar. II . . . J . Btsanter iiwwi mm in aiay ii, 10 a. m. Twln-acrew Statendam gteamer Twln-Sorew May 34. 10 a. m. Potsdam Eleamer May 81, 10 a. m. Apply to Harry Moo res. 1416 Farnam street; J. H. McNatly. 13il Farnam straeti Keese, First National liauk. Omaha. "Man want tut little her below" Said morbid poet long years ago, I'm prone to doubt that ancle ot sage When I look at The Bee's great "Want Ad" page. EPOCHS IS MEDICAL HISTORY Ancient and Modern Landmark! iii the Science of Medicine. CONTRASTS IN OLD AND NEW METHODS Address of President K. H. Leavke oi Fremont Before the Nebraska , State Homeopathic Asso elation at Omaha. The threshold of the twentieth century Is a point In history pregnant with valu able deductions In the history of medicine. It is interesting and Instructive, as we look. In retroepect, over the billowy years and note the gradual rise of medicine and surgery from the low level of superstition to a high plane of scientific achievement. The earliest writers on medicine place Its origin, In common with that of most branches of knowledge, to the Egyptians. Tbey appear to be the first nation that cultivated medicine and furthered Its progress. Many peculiar and medical prop erties were attributed to the deities. All diseases were supposed to originate from the anger of Isls. Resin was burned In the morning, myrrh at noon, and a composition termed cypha In the evening, in the tem ples of Isis, and the sick were taken there to aleep, during which the oracles might reveal to them the means which they should employ to effect a cure. This Is an Illustration of the superstition which pre vailed at that time. The earliest authentic records which we can ascertain from col lateral reading are to be found In the scrip tures. Here It Is stated that Joseph com manded his servants and physicians to embalm him (1700 B. C.) This shows that Egypt at that time posseesed a set of men who practiced the healing art and that they enbalmed the dead. This must have re quired an Idea of anatomy, which, need less to say, was crude and unscientific, as dissection of the human body was at that time prohibited, the penalty being death. According to Pliny, the Egyptian kings encouraged post mortems for the purpose of ascertaining the cause of disease, and this method was fostered by the Ptolemies during whose reigns anatomy was raised to a higher standard. Through the writ ings of Moses in the scriptures we ascer tain that the medicine of the Hebrews appertained mostly to public hygiene. Meat of the hog and rabbit was forbidden as being injurious In the Egyptian and Indian climates. The relation of man and wife and the purification of women were regulated. The measures sug gested by Moses for the prevention of lep rosy have not yet been surpassed. Next to Moses, Solomon acquired quite an efficient knowledge of compounding medicines. The Indian races were divided Into castes, the prleets alone enjoying the privilege of prac ticing medicine. Their medical knowledge was condensed In a book which they called Vagadasastin. They believed the body gave rise to 100 species of gas through 1,700 vessels, the gases conflicting and engender ing disease. So far as we know, they were the first to record a way of testing the specific gravity of urine. Though credited with many absurdities, they claimed to cure the bltea of venous serpents and com pounded an ointment which eradicated the cicatrices of smallpox, a result which has not, as yet, been attained In the present epoch. The Chinese attribute the Inven tion of medicine to Hoam Tl, one of their emperors, but beyond the use of cups, ac cupuncture, fomentations, lotions and plasters, baths, etc., their knowledge did not extend till the missionaries Introduced their medical knowledge. Brilliant Discoveries in Greece. The condition of medicine in Oreece at this time did not differ from that of rude and uncivilised nations. But later Greek physicians are credited with the most bril liant discoveries. The most distinguished of Chiron's pupils waa Aesculapius, who possibly occupies the most conspicuous place in the history of medicine. Aescul apius is always painted with a staff, be cause the sick have need of support, and the serpent entwined around it is the symbol of wisdom. The sons of Aesculapius are considered the fathers of surgery and for their distinguished valor at the setge of Troy have been named by Homer among the Greek heroes. The first operation ot venesection, formerly so promiscuously done, is attributed to Podallrlus, of recog nized Grecian skill, the patient being a princess. The early Greeks recognised above all the value of physical culture. Were the children of today, like the ancient Greeks, compelled to follow a routine of physical training, a rugged constitution would replace many a delicate one, and the face propagated, would tend to develop a stronger physical character. Hygea, from whence comes hygiene, or the art of pre serving health, was the pretended sister ot Aesculapius. Anatomy could not flourish in Greece, because an examplary punishment awaited any untoward conduct toward the dead. Their peculiar religious beliefs re garding the rest of the soul were re sponsible for this. The knowledge of the functions ot the body in health and disease was appreciated by Pythagoras. Diogenes asserts that Alcmaeon, one of the Pythagoreans, wrote a work on func tions, which work would, consequently be the most ancient known treatise on physiology. The age of Hippocrates (460-S70 B. C.) was marked by a revolu tion in medical science. This central figure in the history of medicine waa descendant ot a family in which the prac tice of medicine was hereditary. He was an extensive writer on such subjects as acute diseases, dislocations, fractures, etc. Owing to the impossibility of establishing a physiology without an anatomical basis, his reference to those subjects are crude and incorrect. To Hippocrates we owe the classifications of endemic, sporadic and enldemlo forma of diseases and thetr di vision Into acute and chronic. He wrote on the diseases of women and epilepsy and his therapeutlca though crude, were a marked Improvement on what preceded. He wrote fully on external diseases and surgical therapeutics. In obatretrtcs he waa a close observer and thoughtful teacher. He caused a revolution in the practice of medicine, semeilogy, pathology, and even eucarested the application ot slrallla In therapeutlca. An Important age and one of marked progress in medicine Is fi'om the foundation of the Alexandrian library (320 B. C.) up to the death of Oalen (200 B. C). Under the Ptolemies dissec tion ot human bodies was allowed and, as already stated, the science of medicine re ceived quite an Impulse. Herophllus de serves first mention as a dissector. He described- the brain and ita vessels, the eye, the Intestinal canal and parts of the muscular system. The valves ot the heart were exactly described by Eraslstratus, who discovered the lymph vessels and pointed out that the epiglottis prevents the en trance of food Into the lungs. Aretaens more than anv other up to his time at tempted to found pathology upon a sound anatomic basis, which shows the scientific progress of the age. Genlns at Galen. Of all the physicians of antiquity Galea was probably the moat brilliant genius. In the midst of disorder he led back to the safer road of acientlflo observation which distinguished the hlppocratlo school. He wrote extensively on anatomy, especially re gardlngthe muscles. He waa the first vivisec tion la t. By exposing the muscles of animals and dsmoaatratlsi their funotlons aad his Stories of Famous Songs Among the extracts from the diary of Charley White, an old-time negro mlnstr.l, recently published In the New Yerk Sun, are a number of entries giving the origin and authorship of many famous songs and old time melodies. White spent much time in tracing the history of noted songs and In his diary he gave the results of his work. Some of these song histories are Interesting and a few of them are printed below. The words of "The Star Spangled Ban ner" were written, as everyone knows, by Francis S. Key during the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the war of 1811. but the history of the music to which they were set Is less familiar. "The verses," wrote White, "were printed In ballad form and scattered through the camp on Federal Hill, Baltimore. One evening one of the soldiers picked up a copy and read It aloud three times, until the entire division was electrified by jits patri otic eloquence. "An idea struck Ferd Durang, an actor, who hunted up an eld volume of flute music which he found In his tent. He Impatiently whistled tune after tune, just aa they caught his quick eye. "One called "Anacreon in Heaven struck his fancy and riveted his attention. Note after note fell from his Hps. With a laugh and a shout he exclaimed: " 'Boys, I've hit It,' and fitting the words to the tune, there rang out tor the first time the song of 'The Star Spangled Ban ner.' "Getting a short furlough Ferd and Char ley Durang sang It on the stage of the Hol- llday 8treet theater. The music was first published by George Wllllg, jr., of Balti more. "Ferd Durang died in New Tork In 1830. I well remember Tom Blakely, the actor. saying to his wife, 'Poor Ferd Durang is dying.' Durang was born in Harrtsburg, Pa. His father was a Frenchman and a fair musician. Durang died In extreme poverty and but for his co-laborers on the stage he would have found a pauper's grave. " 'The Hunters of Kentucky waa very popular In my early days. It was written Toy Samuel Woodworth, a typesetter. The 'Hunters' was written Just after the battle of New Orleans In 1815. The tune Is from an old Bagllsh ditty, 'Unfortunate Miss Bailey. "It was sung for many years by an actor, Noah M. Ludlow, who died In 1885 or 1886 In St. Louis at the age of 80. Ludlow came near having his brains knocked out on the stage while singing the song in New Or leans. An Englishman threw a large piece of gasplpe at his head, but fortunately missed his mark. "Woodworth wrote funny verses as adver classification according to their use is stilt in vogue. Carefully regulated vivisection has been and always will be of Incalculable benefit to the development of accurate medical knowledge and an indirect aid In the alleviation of human suffering. Galen divided the body Into cranial and thoracic cavities and described the organs contained in them. Anatomy and physiology, the fundamental bases of medicine and sur gery made the most progress during this period and next came the description of diseases and their medical and surgical therapeutics. After the sixth century, medicine waa exercised almost exclusively by the monks of the weat, who were Ig norant and superstitious. During the sev enth and eighth centuries there were a tew traditionary remains of science among the monks, originating from the east. The of ficers of the church, though continuing the practice of the healing art, were gradually discouraged by the church. During the twelfth century the school ot Salernlum, through the personal Interest of Emperor Fredrick the Eleventh, acquired a very high degree of reputation for ancient times. Schools in Parla and England rapidly ad vanced, the professors . being salaried. About this time the titles of bachelor, li centiate and master were granted physi cians. During the thirteenth and four teenth centuries medicine made remarkable progress in France under St, Louis. Dur ing the reign ot this prince the teaching of medicine and surgery were divided Into distinct classes. Medical universities were erected under the aueptcea of royalty in Europe. Medical Instruction experienced a revolution In the European countries dur ing the fourteenth century. For the first time In Europe anatomy was taught by dis section of the human body. . Guy de Cbau Uac, who lived at the end ot this century, wrote a treatise -on surgery, which served as the basis of European instruction till Ambrols Pare of France published hla cele brated work on the same subject. The fifteenth century was also one of improve ment. The Arabs added a few observa tions on pathology, especially on eruptive fevers. During this era the plastic opera tion for replacing the nose when removed by accident or disease, by using for tne-4 purpose a piece of flesh taken from the arm, waa first performed. About the mid dle of this century metallc drugs were in troduced for internal administration. To ward the end of the century the Invention of printing tended to assist the progress ot medicine and scurvy was first noted in Germany. During this period more energy was devoted to post-mortem demonstra tions and the study of the symptoms of disease. To Benovenl we owe the com mencement of the study of gross pathology and pathological anatomy. Malgaugne re marks of him that a eulogy which he merits and which he shared with no other person, and which has not been accorded to him by the historians, la that,, be was the first who had the habit, felt the need and aet the useful exsmple, which he trans mitted to hie succeesors, of searching in the cadaver, according to the title of his book, for the concealed causes of disease. John Fernel, who haa been aurnamed the "Modern Oalen," divided medicine Into physiology, pathology and theraputlcs. Am brolse Pare contributed largely toward mak ing this a remarkable century. He rose from the lowest walka ot life to the high est professional attainmenta and honors. He was the Brat to control hemorrhage by tying the bleeding vessels, thus doing away with the former crude and painful method of pouring on hot oil. The writer was amused at the place given Paracelsus, who waa on tha stage of action during thla century, by some old school historians. He was atyled the central figure of charlatan ism, principally because he recognized slmllla and waa honest enough to admit it. However, he had no formulated plan and what he did in this Una was simply sporadic observations. During tha six teenth century the greatest discoveries took place in anatomy, based upon dissections, the only rational method of obtaining anatomical knowledge. The lesser circula tion cf tha blood, that through the luuga. was defined. The officers of the universities were chosen by the students, who assisted in laying out the curricula. Compare this with the rigid methods of medical Institu tions now In vogue. The practitioners were of roving habits, which were evidently con tracted during their student days, as It was customary for them to go from school to school, the poorer claases defraying ex penses by begging and singing. Tha sevea tsenth century began with an evident im provement in the social and mental status of medical men and thla period was signal lied by the disco vwy of the circulation of the blood, oas ot the most Important made la medicine, Chemistry sow assumed the tisements for a keeper of a fancy store In New York for a long time, Joe Bonfantl, who made a fortune from his poetry. When the California fever broke out In 184!) Woodworth went to the Tactile slope and was engaged as a reporter on the Alta. He died there and his remains lie In the Home Mountsln cemetery. " 'Kathleen Mavourneen' waa sold by Crouch, the author, for $26 and brought the. publishers ss many thousands. Crouch waa hopelessly Improvident and In his later days became a tramp. ' When Mile. Tltlens was lu this country a number of years ago she sang "'Kathleen Mavourneen' In New York. A dirty tramp Introduced himself aa Crouch, was recognized, and thanked her for tinging the song so well. " 'Life on the Ocean Wave, written by Espes Sargent, was pronounced a failure by his friends. Russell, of a Boston firm of music publishers, took the words from Sargent and the latter telle this story ot the melody: " 'We passed through the music store. Russell seated himself at a piano, read over the lines attentively, hummed an air or two himself and ran his hands over the keys, then stopped as It nonplussed. " 'Suddenly a bright idea seemed to dawn on him A melody all at once came into his brain and he began to hunt It and to away himself to Its movement. Then strik ing the keys he at last confidently launched Into the tune since known as 'Life on the Ocean Wave.' "The melody proved a success. The copy right becamo very valuable, though the author never got anything from It but fame. It was popular In England as well as In this country. " 'The Arkansas Traveler. The famous traveler known na the 'Arkansas Traveler' is no myth, but breathes and has his being in that state. The traveler lives In Little Rock and may be acen every day on, the streets of the town indulging his taste for music and atory-telllng. "He Is known as Colonel Sandy Falkner. He was born in Kentucky In 1804. In 1832 ho went to Arkansaa and became acquainted with Walter Wright, the original squatter In the song. " 'My Maryland" waa written by James R. Randall. Randall was described as one of the most delightful men to meet. I met Randall some time ago In Annlston, Ala. He was an editor ot the Hot Blast In that city. He said that he only received 2a In confederate money for his song." Charley White did not hesitate to ascribe "Beautiful Snow" to Henry W. Faxon of the Louisville Journal. 'Rock Me to Sleep' waa written by dignified position of a science, which bene fited the progress of medicine. It Is diffi cult for us to understand why the discovery of the circulation of the blood waa not made prior to this time. Pare had Hgated arteries to prevent hemorrhage 200 years previous and why It waa not established that the blood was fluid Is Incomprehensible. It simply demonstrates how difficult it Is to overcome prejudice. The ancients be lieved the arteries contained air, because after death they were empty. William Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, did not publish the results of his investigation till 1628, first submitting them to fifteen yeara of proof. This naturally revolutionized physiology. The capillary circulation waa described by Mallghl In 1628. Of course this was possible only by means of the microscope. No less remark able was the discovery ot the lymphatio veaaela. Peruvian bark, so universally em ployed as a specific for malaria, waa first used in the early part of thla epoch. Dur ing thla period ophthalmology waa culti vated in France, cataract waa first recog nized and the diseases of the ear were first systematically deacrlbed. Altogether the century showed marked progress, closing with the teachings of Sydenhan, the English Hippocrates. The eighteenth cen tury waa one of continued progress. The eminent observers devoted more time to mlscroscoplcal work, studying the minute structure of the tissues and cells. Three of the most prominent were: Lleber Kuhn, who invented the solar microscope with which he was able to exhibit the circulation of the blood; Edward Jenner, who invented preventive lnnoculatlon against smallpox by vaccination with cow pox, which he first did In 1796. Nineteenth Century Prosress. About 1800 Dr. Waterhouse, professor In Harvard college, performed the first vacci nation in thla country, the victims being his four children. Thla period marks the earliest example ot medical teaching In this country. Dr. Cadwaladar, after his return from a trip to Europe, made demonstra tions In anatomy. About 1750 the first body waa dissected in New York. Dr. Shlppen of Philadelphia laid the founda tion ot a medical school that finally de veloped into the medical department of Pennsylvania, which graduated the first class, 1765. In 1768 a school of medicine was established In New York. The next was the medical department of Harvard college, 1782. The fourth was established in Hanover, 1797, being connected with Dartmouth college. These were the only medical colleges instituted In this country In tha elahteenth centurv. The first book on American aurgery was written in 1775 byl Dr. John Jonea, the title being "Wounds and Fractures." The nineteenth century, which has but recently made Its exit, reached the climax of medical achievement. The most important event of the nine teenth century was the announcement by the immortal Hahmemann of the therapeutic law, "Slmllla Slmlllbus Curantur." For alxteen years thla master mind had been grappling with thla Idea, and now, after the1 proving of twenty-seven drugs, he felt the necessity of publicly announcing that he had established a fact that would put therapeutics on a scientific baals. In 1790 Hahmemann was giving hla profoundest at tention to the evolution of a science la therapeutics. An accomplished scholar In medical and general letters, a profound chemist, he became utterly dissatisfied with tha therapeutics of the day. One of the few bright spots seemed to blm to be the treatment of ague by peruvlan bark. He pondered much over the rationale of thla curative action, so simple, so direct, so effectual.. How could other medtcinea be so used? How could other diseases be so treated? It occurred to him to try the effect of this bark in health on hla own person. A fever waa set up like that which it cured. The relation between the disease producing and dkease-curlng properties was that of similarity. Its operation, there fore, waa an Inatance of that slmllla slmlll bus which Hippocrates and others had recognised as occasionally holding good. Waa it not possible then that all cures, like that of ague by peruvlan bark, might rest upon such relationship between drug and disease, ao that which had occasionally been recognized in the past If put upon a working basis might be recognized ss a scientific fact In therapeutics. The ques tion waa reasonable, but only a question) it had to be answered by observation and experiment, by reviewing cures on record and endeavoring to obtain new onea. Both were fully carried out. Besides ransacking literature (or proofs, be carried out his theory of proving! upon the healthy so that, 'while in 1796 but one drug had bees j Poor Rewards for Some Son Writers. Mrs. Allen of Maine. She was paid $5 for it. and Russell A Co. of Boston, who bad In three years gained $4,000 by It, offered her $" aplive for any songs he might write. " 'The Bonnie Blue Flag' was a popular song In the south. It was written by Harry McCarthy, an actor, In Jackson, Mlsa., In the spring of 1861. " 'Silver TbreaJs Among the Gold' waa written by H. r. Danks, an organist, who sold It tor $40. " 'Put Me In My Little Bed' and 'Come, Birdie, Come' were composed by C. A. White and fully 150,000 copies of each have been sold. " 'Shoo Fly. Don't Bodder Me,' which was once credited to T. Brlgham Bishop. the old minstrel, was written, according to White's diary, by Rollln Howard, actor and minstrel. Some years ago when Rollln Howard composed his song and dance be took hla production, of which he felt rery proud, to Pond & Co., and offered to sell It to them. "They looked It over and returned it with the remark, 'We do not publish such stuft as that' Mr. Howard went to Boston S short. time later, where he waa engaged to sing in a minstrel company. One night O. A. White, the composer and publisher, heard Howard and offered to publish hie discarded song. "This is how 'Shoo Fly, Don't Bodder Me came to be printed. It soon become popu lar. The publisher sold 200,000 copies and with the profits established the Boston firm of White, Smith A Co. " 'Gathering Shells by the Seashore. by W. S. Thompson, had a sale of over 800,000; 'Dreaming of Home and Mother,' by John P. Ordway. reached a sale of 60,000; 'Mulli gan Ouarda, by Ed Harrigan, has sold over 125.000. and 'Sweet By and By by I. P. Webster. reached a sale of over 600,000 copies." "'Old Dog Tray,' 'Suwanee River,' 'Masea's in De Cold, Cold Ground,' 'Camp Town Races, 'Old Folks at Home, 'Ellen Bayne, 'Willie, We Have Missed You. and 'My Old Kentucky Home.' " wrote White, "were written by Stephen C. Foster. He waa a musician almost from his cradle and at the age of 7 he had mastered the flageo let without a teacher. It Is aald that one publishing house alone paid $20,000 for his compositions. "Foster was very Improvident and waa often forced to sell for a few dollars what brought a fortune to Its purchaser. Sev eral of his best eongs were composed In the back room of a grocery store on pieces of brown paper. He died In the City hos pital In New York, where he had been re moved from a Bowery boarding house, on January 13, 1864. studied, In 1805, twenty-seven drugs had given an affirmative answer to the hypo thesis, and In 1806 ho had confidently put forth slmllla slmlllbus, curatur as the cardinal principle In tnerapeutlcs snd old father time haa emphasized the confidence projected by this great and anylitlcal mind, for right here we notice that a light broke forth Into the therapeutic darkness of the age, that right here In exceeding travail of aoul mind, surrounded by vindictive op position, waa given birth If you please, to the only therapeutic fact that haa enabled the medical profession to rise from a hor rlble condition of lmplriclsm and the alem bics of alchemy to the semblance ot a science. The New System. Instead of that which up to thla a time had been violent and confusing. ther on. peared in the course of evolution of medi cal thought a principle, the crystallzation of the best that had preceded, at once beneflclent and reliable. 1. The aprrehenBlon of disease by the symptoms, that Is as wo say by its clinical character and history. 2. The ascertainment of the power of drugs by proving on the healthy human body. 3. The application of drugs to disease by a principle that Insured at least direct ness of aim. 4. The administration of remedies alngly instead of In complex mixtures. 6. The prescription in doses too email to aggravate existing troubles or cauBe extraneous ones. While time and experience have modified some of the original views, there has been no radical change to this day. We now ao cept the methods of the founder as he taught and practiced; with the law of similarity the provlnga of medi cines upon the healthy, the single drug and minimum dose. But however he may have been Justified, and no doubt he waa, In rejecting the pathology of the times from his system, we do not feel so Justified In regard to the pathology of our day, be lieving such limitations to be unnecessary if not fatal to the fullest usefulness of the law. Today, therefore, we Insist upon Including pathological similarities and hold there can be no perfect slmlllnum or totality wfNjout them. Historically speak ing, the promulgation ot this law haa been a beacon light to therapeutics. It has had a revolutionizing effect upon the pre dominating school ot medicine. Surely I see written upon the scrolls of fame, In lines of light the Immortal name "Hahmemann." During this era Helmhols gave us the ophthalmoscope; Slebach, by his knowledge of physios made fame through his discovery of thermal electricity. We must not overlook Daguerre, who in vented photography, which has been a great help In illustrating by means of the eye. A later invention along the same line is the bioKraoh. which shows every step of an operation. One of the Important discoveries waa the "X-ray" by Roentgen This wonderful discovery renders the opaque human body almost transparent, making It very useful. Rest Disroveriea. Laempece discovered by accident that tbla method waa greatly improved and the sounda more distinctly heard If a hollow tube was placed between the chest and ear. The outcome of this priarlple la the stethoscope. The name of Fvaz, the Lyona surgeon, has "been perpei'iated by the hypodermic syringe, which he devised. The clinical thermoraether was first applied practically by Sanctorlous of Padua, pro fessor of medicine, and author ot the fa mous book, "De Statlca Med lea." How ever, Currle ot Edinburgh Drat employed a thermometer in treating typhoid fever as early aa 1797. It was not until 1835 that thermometry mads real progress, and not until 1850 did it come Into general use, due mostly to Trabue and Wumderllch'a stu dies on temperature in disease. Paateur began his studies in fermentation in 1854. Through hla atudles, aided by the micro suupc, tha wpliiluu Featlied that micro organiama played an important role In the causation of disease. Many Investigator became Imbued with the spirit, and through their diligent efforts the microbes causing many dUeasea have been isolated. It re mained for Koch to discover the bacillus tuberculosis, which Is the cause of con sumption. Working on this hypothosla, Sir James Lister Introduced antisepsis In 186T, which has been a great boon to surgery. Crawford W. Long, In 1842, at a little vil lage in Alabama, waa the first to put to aleep a patient with ether and remove a small growth. In 1848 Dr. Morton, a New England dentist at the General hospital at Boston, anaesthetised a patient for Dr. Warren, arm to Dr. Morton It Is generally given credit for discovering the anaea thetic effect of ether. Thla method of re lieving pain was christened anaesthesia by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, whose wrlUngs did mors to eradicate childbed fever than any other Americans. To Ounthrle ct Sackett's Harbor, N. T., Is due the credit of first discovering chloroform, but Slf James Simpson of Edinburgh deserves the credit of first employing it in medicine. Anaesthesia is undoubtedly one of the greatest boons that ever befell suffering humanity. The surgeons of America laid the foundation ot gynaecology, the progress of which has been more marked than sny other department of surgery. The first ovarlolomy In the world was performed by Dr. Ephrlam McDowell. In Kentucky, la December, 1S09. Thla waa prior to anaes theala and antisepsis. A howling mob waited outside ready to murder the brave surgeon should the patient die under tha operation. "In five days," says Dr. Mc Dowell, "I visited her, and much to my surprise, found her making up her bed. Dr. J. Marlon Sims established an Inter national reputation and did much to pro tmrtgtte plaatto work on the female gent talla. The deeds ot medical men are soon forgotten by aa ungrateful public, ao that we find but five monuments erected In this country to their memory. The last, but not least, monument, was erected la Washington to the Immortal Hahmemann. Another in Washington to the memory ot Samuel D. Gross, the nestor ot Amertcaa surgery. Another In New York City ta the grand " old gynaecologist, J. Marlon. Sims. Another, In Bushnell park, Hartford, Conn., to Dr. Horace Wells, the discoverer ot nitrous oxide, ths first anaesthetic. And one In ths public garden In Boston to the discoverer of anaesthesia no name being given. Physiology made rapid strides during this era. Beaumont In his famous work de scribes digestion In the stomach and ex periments on the gastrlo Juice. He was enabled to observe this In a voyager who waa accidentally shot In the stomach by the discharge ot a musket June, 1822. Quite a large opening remained, which was closed with a valve. By pushing the valve, to one side the Interior of the stomach could be exposed. Anatomy at this time waa being taught by the only true method, viz., dissection, the difficulty ot obtaining; material being overcome by legislative en actment. This article would be Incomplete should I omit aaylng anything about the trained nurse. The first training school for nurses In America waa established la connection with the lylng-tn Charity hos pital of Philadelphia, In 1828. and Is ante dated only by one school. Thirty yeara ago the training school connected with Bellevue hospital graduated a class of five nurses. This was a marked departure In ths medical history of this country. ' Sines then the demand for the trained nurse has been great and no hospital Is complete without such a training school. The prog ress of medicine In the nineteenth century was far more rapid and creditable and mo mentous than during any like period of ths past. This la true not only In the United States, but In all civilized countries ot tha globe. Its entire scopo, meaning and pur pose has undergone changes equivalent to revolution. Antique superstition, idle the ories, foolish speculations, absurd practices, the ridiculous Jealousies and incriminations of opposing schools have been largely elim inated; medical Institutions are upon the loftiest plane In their history; teachers are better endowed than ever before; periods ot scholastic preparation have been length ened and curricula enlarged, thus securing to the fields ot practice a higher mental equipment and more consclonable devo tion to duty. Never before have the auxil iary and material agencies been turned to so frequent and preventive account. Tha proving of drugs, electricity, the micro scope, anaesthesia, antisepsis, physiological research, laboratory experlmenta and hos pital opportunities are enormous inspira tions to skilled treatment and fresh re searches. One may not as yet assert that medicine la ridding itself of lmperlclsm with a satisfactory degree of rapidity np tb.at it baa arrived at the stage of an exact science, but it has surely approached such a stage. Standing aa we do tonight upon tha hreshold of the twentieth century and after looking back in retrospect as ws have upon what medicine and surgery have already accomplished we turn and look In anticipation into the unrevealed future and we believe we see bullded upon the founda tion already furnished a great, grand and lofty superstructure, harmonioua In all Ita parts. From within shall eralnate a medical literature and science, art and philosophy that shall represent eternal truths and be cause of thia I want to emphasize the fact that the teachings of Samuel Hahmemann shall be everywhere In evidence. COXNIBIALITIES. Rev. Thomas B. Hyde of Cincinnati urges women to take Into their own hands tha matter of proposing matrimony, holding that many more marriages would result from such a course, "Home men," says Mr. Hyde, "are too bashful to propose and would be grateful If women would help them out. Begin, Immediately, ladles, Marriage Is a solemn matter, but single Ufa Is much more so." In the hitherto obsoure town of Ranney, Wis., lives a young farmer who holds a matrimonial record. His running mate, so to apeak. Is a Chicago young woman, who required only forty-eight hours to convince her husband tiiat matrimony Is a failure. Here Is the chronology: Sunday, met; Mon day, married; Tueaday, parted; Wednes day, divorce sought. State sanitariums for the treatment ot consumption are well advanced In several states. Mafcsarhusetls has one In operation, New York has appropriated 1160.000 for one In the Adirondacks and Pennsylvania has appropriated IHio.oiiO and New Jersey t50,0 for a similar purpose. Vermont la consid ering a project of the sajne kind. The Massachusetts Institution claims that Its fiercentage of cures has Increased one-third ii three years. Arthur William Brown, a Cleveland mil lionaire, was in the office of a friend some time ago and was much taken with the ap- fearance nnd manners of Mlsa Florance llUlngs, whom he met there. Subsequently ib said to his friend: "I want that young ady for ray wife, and I usually get what I go for." Miss Killings later went to AIII waukee, where she Is at present employed as proofreader on a morning paper. It Is announced that she and Mr. Brown are to be married In June. Tuesday. April 29. waa the fiftieth anni versary of the giving of the first alarm if fire by electricity. On Thursday, April 21. Ik"i2. at 8:25 p. m., from slnal box 7 of dlntrlct 1, located on the old Cooper Street church In Boston, the first alarm by an electrical fire alarm system was rung by J. It. Ooodale and received at headquarters by Charles Carlton Collin, afterward fa mous as a war correspondent and author of war stories and histories, who aunt it out en the tower bells throughout the city. The wedding of Miss Virginia Rogers to John T. Nevins. a young lawyer, both of I'oughkeepsle, N. Y., reveals a pretty ro mance. Miss Rogers' father, the late Cap tain Rogers, was a wealthy man. He died recently and left his estate to his two daughters. Miss Virginia's share waa left In trust of her eldest sister because the father did not fancy her accepted suitor, who was another than Mr. Nevins. She discarded him, but her father did not know She was In love with Mr. Nevins. The young lawyer set out to have the will broken on the grojnd that the testator waa not acquainted with the true facts. The sister Sid not contest the claim, ao the sur rogate decided to aiviue tne large estate in equal parts. "Actors' pictures? No; there Isn't the de mand for them that there used to be," said a dealer In photographs of celebrities, quoted by ths Philadelphia Record, "nor for actresses pictures, either. This may be due to one of two reasons, or to a com bination of both. It may be because people Sre tired of the fad or because the photo graphs cost more than they used to. You know the art of photography has advanced, and ao, naturally, has ths cost. Time was when you could buy your favoiita for a quarter, mounted In cabinet sise, and you ' oun still, if yoj are satisfied with that sort of workmsnshlp. But the high art photog raphers have abolled that game. They get fine effects and they charge tor them ac cordingly. Very few actors and actresses are now sa Untied to alt for a photographer who adheres to ths old-fashioned methods."