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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 19, 1899)
10 TUTS OMAHA DAILY WEE : SUNDAY , TTKimrAKY 10 , PUBLIC LIBRARY METHODS Various Me&ni Emplojed to Satisfy the Wanti of Patrona , INSTRUCTIVE FACTS FOR BOOK BORROWERS Alma nt tlie MnnnReinrnt nnil Con- cnlciipH of Ilir I.llirnry Set For III In 11 I'njirr Ilotul nt tliu WOIIIHII'H Clult , The aim of the management of n frro public library Is to make Its contents of the proatest possible value to the community. To do this It Is necessary to adont every means which cnn bo devised to make known to the public what books nro on the shelves nnd how they may bo drawn for uso. Find ing lists , catalogues , Indexes and bibli ographies ot special subjects must bo pre pared nnd every possible effort made to satisfy each person who wants n. book or wlflhcs Information on any subject. In a library llko our own. wboro free access to the shelves Is not permitted , except In the reference department , It Is necessary to ho guided almost entirely by the card catalogue , as this Is the only entry of books under both author nnd subject which Is kept tip to date. At the tlmo that a now book Is placed upon the shelves the Index cards nro Inserted In the card catalogue. These cards are arranged alphabetically under nuthor , subject nnd tltlo when the work has n distinctive title. To Illustrate this last , Mommscn'a "History of Ilomo" would not appear under " " whllo Haro's the title-word "history , "Walks in Homo" would appear under Its exact title. Although the printed finding list Is frequently asked for , It Is very unsatis factory , as It Is never up to date. Hoforo It has oven boon brought from the printer there have very likely been received Bovcral hundred now books. The advantages of the card catalogue are : It Is always up to date ; all books of ono nuthor are to bo found together under the author's name , no matter how different the subject matter of each work may bo , and all material on ono BUbJoct may bo found under that subject arranged alphabetically by author. Whllo I bellovo that every ono hero knows the general plan ot drawing hooka for homo use , for the sake of those who do not I wish to make n short explanation. The library membership card Is procured by having a form , which Is supplied by the library , Rlgncd by a citizen of Omaha. On this membership card may bo drawn any hook which Is not specified as cither for refer ence or which. Is not of too great value to bo permitted to leave the building. The rules governing the length of time books may bo retained , etc. , are on the back of the card. Circulation of Itnnltit. In many very largo circulating libraries It Is the policy of the management to make the homo circulation of books as largo as possible and to permit the reference use to bo entirely secondary. Iut the plan here has been to keep the two about equally bal anced. A membership card is not necessary when using books at the library. The refer ence room Is used almost entirely by stu- dontB who are following ono line of study qulto clobcly nnd wish to find Information on n given subject In the simplest , quickest and easiest manner. If ho has no knowl edge of the general arrangement of the books on the shelves , or the card catalogue , or 1'oolo's index to periodical literature , or any other of the tools provided by the library for the assistance of the public , It Is tlmo wasted to show him these different plans nnd much better to assist him by per- eonnl effort. Further , It Is almost Impossible to furnish lists and catalogues sufficient to give a com plete bibliography of a subject. It Is not to bo expected that persons unaccustomed to searching for material will bo able to find It readily , for a complete knowledge of the books required for a ready and effective handling of n subject can bo gained only by a long experience of their use. The patrons of thu library can be of the greatest assistance by being very clear and npcolflo In their requests. Why , 1 do not know , but frequently visitors have the un fortunate faculty of concealing from the ! 1- brarlnn what they want , nnd it Is only by the most careful questioning that ho is able to learn the needs of his visitor. Next , to itho card catalogue , which I have explained , the most Important aid in assist ing the searcher for refercnoes is 1'oole's index to periodical literature. This is an In dex to all ot the leading English nnd Amer ican periodicals nnd Is nrranged on Just the aaino plan as the card catalogue , alphabetic ally under author and subject. This Index is invaluable In reference work , as some of the best material Is to bo found In tbo back flics of periodicals. Supplementing Paolo's Index are the American Library association Index to general literature and the annual literary Index. They are both indexes to cs- enya and sketches , reports and publications of societies , etc. , and bring into notice much important matter which may not always be found by referring to the card catalogue. 1'Hl-flll IlflllH. Resides thcso there are other helps which nro useful In preparing an outline for study. Adams' Manual of Historical Literature , CiHswold's "Select Lists of Novels and Tules , " Sargcmt's "Heading for the Young , " with supplement , nixon's "Subject Index to Proao Fiction , " Monroe's "Bibliography ot Education , " published In the International Education norlos , Sturges' and Krehblol's Annotated Bibliography ot Pine Art , and many special lists prepared by other libra ries. In this connection I will say that the library Is willing to gather together In ono plnco material on any given subject where It may conveniently bo consulted and be ot eorvlc * to > the club. That Is , have a small collection ot books withdrawn from circulation and reserved for a tlmo for the UHO of the members , for In this way it Is possible to accommodate a greater number of people. To have this plan work nicely the leaders of classes should send to the library lists of subjects to bo studied , the Beam , EUI Long life. A magically effective appliance uuda mouth's course of rratnratlrerrm- cdlu tent on trial ami nn. proval , without expense. A'ot a dollar nttitlx jiaid , , , until rtiulti are knoun to taul acknowMpcil the patient. The Krlo { .feillCA Cnuipany'i Appliance and Remedies hnvo U > t u talked nl aud written about till oTcry man has heard of them. Tliu hlRliCDt medical authorities in the world bnvu lately coumicndr-d tlicui , They ixbtcij marvellous power to vitalize , de- Telop , rmoro , and suttatu. They create vigor , healthy tissue , new life. They stop drains tlmt tap thu crcrzy. They cure all effects of early etil hablti , ex < cvsscj , overwork. They giro full lire ngth , development , and tone to every portion und orran of the body , Failure irapoulblo , axe no barrier. Ko i' , 0. P , ( ctiaiao , nor deception ; no exposure & clean Uulneu propmltlon by a company of lilch lluanclal aud prolailimul itnudlug. Write tot sealed information. Medical GoBuffaoNY. ! Erie , , , , . 'program ' for the year , or some plan of the work , so that It may bo possible for the librarian to flml the desired material and call In the booko from circulation. Fre quently It I necessary to duplicate some of the books which arc In the greatest demander or to purchase new ones and thug strengthen the collection. I urge that these requests bo made ns soon ns you have determined upon your program , so that wo may have the books ready for you In time. Throughout the city there are a number of current topic clubs , which ha * o adopted the plan of sending to the library an outline of their work. Wo then prepare for each of thcso clubs a list of references to the best articles on the subject to bo discussed at their next mooting. Wo send ono copy of this list to the meeting place of the club and retain one nt the library. These lists nro tnadn almost entirely from the current periodicals and clippings from the dally papers. Among these clippings nro fre quently to bo found articles relating to some subject whlrh Is of such recent Interest that nothing Is to bo found In the magazines , or perhaps some biographical sketch or picture of an author who Is not very well known. Any little bit of local history Is carefully preserved In this way and many times has been found to bo most valuable. To bo sure , much of this could be found In the bound ( lion of the local dally papers , but ns these are not Indexed It would bo an almost Impossible task , unless the searcher know the exact date of the article. Convoiiloiiee of MIC Mlirnry. AH you all know , wo have at the IJbrary a lecture room with a seating capacity of 150. This Is furnished free , on application , to any club or society which may wish to use It for educational purposes. It Is oc cupied almcot every day toy different classes , ono of which Is a department of the Woman's club. 'It ' Is the plan to loan to thcso classes any number of volumes which may bo needed while In session nnd to reserve for their ttso a limited number of "books " 'which ' nro placed In the reference room , subject to withdrawal. Special privilege cards may bo Issued to leaders ot clubs , entitling the holders to draw several ( books at ono lime , to be used In preparation of work lor the club , sub ject to the general rulca governing the cir culation of hooks. It would seem to bo an easy matter to Induce the study clubs and classes to make use of the library , ( but It Is not. It re quires n great deal ot urging to persuade the leaders to send In their programs , their outline of study or the lists of books which are to bo used , so that n sufficient number of duplicates may ho purchased. While I entirely approve the iplan of each club hav ing a small refercnco library of Its own , it must bo limited or it would become too great a burden. It Is my ambition to have the members of the Woman's club use the public library as though It belonged to them , which It docs. May I not urge that the members use It moro freely and make greater demands than they have done before. ft the books that you wish are not on the shelves , let It be known. I cannot promise that every thing requested -will bo purchased , but the toook committee certainly will do all In Its power to assist you. Lists of the books to ho used In connec tion with the study might bo printed In the monthly bulletin which is issued by the library. Send in the outline of your work and every effort will bo made to so prepare and arrange the * material that your time need not bo wasted when you come. The library contains about 50,000 volumes , subscribes for over 100 newspapers nnd peri odicals , has a largo collection ot valuable clippings , which may bo used for reference , and has catalogues and Indexes , making all of this material perfectly accessible. Wo have a library building that Is every where considered a model of convenience- and thanks to the generosity of the Woman's club our walls are no longer bare , but the beginnings of creditable displays of photo graphs of celebrated places and people have been made. The museum , which promises to be a Feature of great interest In the near future , lias already felt the substantial encourage ment of this club. It only remains for mete to Invite you to make more extended use of the library and to visit it moro often. Re member the library when you have visiting friends Wo nro proud of our building and should like to see a larger growth of civic prldo in this institution. Your club , which Is BO great a factor for good In the com munity , can do no greater service to the people , and especially to the rising genera tion , than to foster a habit of visiting the public library. EDITH TOBITT , Librarian. PHYSICIANS CANNOT AGREE UIITcroiiuc of Opinion n to Who Should I.ooU After Certain Charity CIIHCM. When the attention of the city physician was called to the Illness of Adolph UebU , Tenth and Nicholas streets , Friday afternoon , ho said It was n county cas.e. Ho was In formed that Dr. Ralph was notified early In the morning of the old man's Illness and that ho In turn had sent word to the county physician. Then the question was asked : "How do you distinguish between county and city cases , doctor ? " "Wo came to an agreement recently through the advice of the city and county attorneys , " said Dr. Spaldlng "that all In digent cases should bo cared for by the county. All accidents , properly speaking , should bo attended by the city physician and his assistant at the expense ot the city. However , ns soon ns a patient Is able to be moved It Is understood ho may bo taken to the county hospital and become the charge of the county. Under this construction 1 could send all persons Injured accidentally to the county hospital , because they are handled by the police and could bo taken to that place as well as to some city hospital. Wo have not been particular In the past , but since , under the last appropriation , the city gives us such a .small sum with which to \\ork , the county will have to look nfter Ho own patients In future , as we will not have the funds. " Arnluii Salve. THE BEST SALVE In the world for Cut * . Bruises. Bores , Ulcers , Salt Rheum , Fever Sorre , Tetter , Chapped Hands , Chilblains , Corns nnd all Skin Eruptions , nnd positively cure * Piles , or no pny required. It le gunr- nnteed to give perfect satisfaction or money refunded. Prlco 25 cents per box. For sale by Kuhn & Co , ANOTHER CASE OF SMALLPOX ( liiurnnUnoil RiifHt nt tlin Vciulome Hotel Conies DIMVII ivltli the Tbo prisoners In the Vendomo hotel who have been quarantined on account of small pox and wcro to have been released on Mon day are doomed to suffer sore disappoint- , mont. Owlnu to the fact that another cnso of the disease has developed on K. 13. Cole , another of the guests nt the hostelry the quarantine will bo continued eorao tlmo longer , although Cole has been removed to the Miller park smallpox hospital. The school olliclals have raised the quaran tine which had been placed several weeks ago upon the Central school district and now nil the children lu that district may attend school whether they are vaccinated or not. Miss Lena Gardner ot Cromwell , Conn. , daughter of Mr , and Mrs. rohn Gardner. Is sulTuriuK from w peculiar physical nitllctlon. Miss Gardner's wUdom teeth are growlnu iu her Jaw a horizontally Instead of vertically , bho ban been nt .the Ilar'.ford hospital for < reatmcut , and the r.ursectig there say that her case is the Jlrst ot Us kind ou record. IMPRISONED JN THE TOWER A Patriot of th Eevolntion Confined in London's Famous Dungeon , MINISTER LAURENS' ' CAPTURE AND RELEASE An Kplnoclc of the Ilnttli * for Freedom tliut 1'ritioliril AVitr Ilptitcen llrllnlii mill Hie United 1'rov- IIICCK of the .NetlierlmiilH. The great Interest taken by readers of pub lic Journals , In matters relating to our army and navy , will Justify n slight review ot the remarkable events touching the Im prisonment ot this member of the revolu tionary congress , nnd the accredited minis ter to the Netherlands , In the historic nnd famous Tower of London. Henry Laurens was a man of an nctlvo and Impulsive nature , high-spirited and en ergetic In the cause ot .ho revolution. On , the 1st day of November , 1777 , ho was elected president of the congress , hut after wards resigning that high and Important position , ho was selected and commissioned by the congress ns Its minister to the Neth- orlnnds , nnd directed to enter Into Important treaty rotations with that republic. On August 13 , 177 ! ) , ho started on his mission , and to cross the Atlantic In n , small sailing vessel named The Mer cury , nnd twenty-two dnys thercnfter this vessel was captured by the English cruiser Vestal , Captain Keppel In command , and who treated Mr. Laurens with the greatest kindness while holding him. At the tlmo of his capture Mr. Laurens had In his possession valuable and Im portant documents which It would bo nighty Injurious to the Dutch government to have fall Into the hands of the English ministry. These documents Mr. Laurens attempted to sink Into the ocean and prevent from fall ing into .tho possession of the captain ot the English man-of-war , and to do this the documents were placed in a bag with a number of pounds of shot , supposed to beef of weight enough to sink the bag , but un fortunately it floated on trie surfnco of the water and Captain Keppel recovered It , and the troublesome documents were placed in the hands of the British ministry , ami were made the foundation , of a war declared by England against the United PWvlnces of the Js'etherrands. Js'etherrands.A A I'rlnoiicr of Stntc , It must bo 'borne in mind thnt the -war had been In progress several years nnd that thousands of prisoners had .been . taken when Mr. Laurens was captured , nnd ho had a right to suppose thnt ho was simply a prisoner of war , and ono can Imagine his surprise when ho was taken to England and placed In close confinement In the Tower of London , ns a prisoner of state. The mind will readily suggest the many persons who hnvo occupied that famous , historic national prison , during the long period ot the upbuilding of the English constitution , and the fixing of limitations on the power of despotism. Kings , queens , princess of the blood , pa triotic lovers .of mankind and of their coun try , pious men , men who had sought to worship God , not according to the notion of the ruling despot , nnd also men "who Justly deserved to he Imprisoned for their crimes , had found lodgment In that ancient and historic place , but never before had a member of the world-renowned congress been found therein , nor had such n name ever before been on that prison roll. The peculiarity of the situation In which Mr. Laurens' found himself wns that ho was held as a prisoner of state thnt is , as an ordinary criminal to bo charged with treason , nnd subject to bo tried In the courts as a traitor to England. John Adams , on October 1J , 1780 , then minister at Amsterdam , -wrote , "that It Is very ex traordinary that they ( the English ) should treat Mr. Laurens ns a prisoner of state. " But Mr. Laurens was not a lawyer , nnd It would not seem so "extraordinary" to him as to the masterly legal minds of John Adams and John Jay. That nn Individual connected with the transactions of his country nnd on a mission to carry out the Instructions of the sovereign authority of his nation is not answerable to the municipal authorities of th'o enemy is n principle acknowledged by all writers on In ternational law , provided , of course , that the mission wns within tbo rules of clvlllzod warfare and the prisoner has not violated tha conduct pertaining to such warfare. Should , however , a foreigner go Into an other country nnd burn Its cities , nssasslnnto its people or commit any net outraging the common feelings of humanity ho could not plead the express direction nnd authority of his government nnd If the prisoner should commit what Is commonly known to bo murder the express command of his sov ereign would bo no excuse nnd ho could not Intlst upon treatment ns n prisoner of war. Ho would bo a prisoner of stuto , subject to the Jurisdiction of Its courts nnd triable as a criminal for his acts. But Mr. Laurens was simply acting ns n minister to a foreign state , seeking to assist hla country in establishing Its nationality through legitimate civilized warfare , and It was truly "extraordinary" that the British ministry should hold him a prisoner of state and compel him to appear In Us legal tribunals. But my purpose especially Is to place before - fore the reader the peculiar situation , the high-spirited conduct and flno ability ot Mr. Laurens while a prisoner nnd when taken before tbo English court. 1'iitlictiu Appeal. After fifteen months of close confinement In the Tower of London Mr , Laurens wrote a letter to the president of the congress , which letter was with nlraost endless trouble started on Its course. The letter was as follows : TOWER OF LONDON , Dec. 20 , 1781. Sir : Almost fifteen months I have been closely confined and Inhumanly 'treated ' and even now I have not a prospect of relief. The treaty of exchange is abortive. There have boon languor and" neglect somewhere. If I merit your attention you will no longer delay - lay the only speedy and efficacious moans for my deliverance. Dnter this , if you please , and what It may produce , on your secret Jouran ! and pardon tha omission of ceremony , I am full of love nnd respect for you. HENRY LAUUENS. P. S. A friend will trace the direction Jn ink. ink.TCio TCio impatience * of this letter Is excusable when wo remember that Mr. Laurens was broken In health and worried for his per sonal safety and his anxiety for his country's welfare. The remarkable procedure ot tak ing Mr , Laurens before the lord chief Jus tice of England that ho might furnish ball is very Interesting , as showing the perplex ity of the ministry and the scene there en acted , as showing'tfio ' ability , unfailing pa triotism and determination of this early American. Ho could not deny that he was a prisoner and ho could expect , at Icas't , that ho must submit to being treated as a prisoner of war and of that ho would not complain , What that -treatment should bo would vary much with the conditions and circumstances of war , the ability and possession of those who 'hold him captive. Prisoners of war In all civilized warfare should bo treated humanely sad not as criminals , but as unfortunates. "Prisoners ot war , " said a high authority , "are to be considered as unfortunates and not an criminals nnd are to bo treated ac cordingly. " An Instance of the proper treatment of prisoners of war. and at the same time showing the high tide of Ameri can thought. Is In the care and custody of { ho marines taken at the destruction of Cervcra's fleet at Santiago. Thete unfor tunate Spaniards were taken to a Now Eng land location , where pure , cool nlr wns abundant , nnd wcro supplied with every cnro and attention and given food no would bo sultnblo nnd proper to our own soldiers likewise situated. So whtn Mr. Laurens wns closely confined In the Tower of Lon don and Ill-fed nnd Ill-treated and not al lowed pen nnd Ink , tie WAS Justly Indignant nnd the native grandeur of the revolutionary hero asserted Itself. The congress had given direction nnd au thorfty to Benjamin Franklin to negotiate an exchange of Llcutennnt General Bur- goyno for Mr. Laurens , but this had fnlled by reason of the British declining to make the exchange. A. I'ntrlntlc Declaration. After this the English ministry concluded to rtlcaso Mr. Laurens from the Tower , hav ing him enter Into an undertaking for Ills appearance "nt the court ot the king's bench on the first day of Easter term and not to depart thence without leave of the court. " And for this purpose Mr. Laurens was taken before the lord chief Justice. The American minister was sick and unable to nrlso from his bed and wns carried out of the Tower to thu presence of the lord chief Justice. Then and thcro It was thnt ho mndo Ills memorable declaration In the highest com mon law court ot England , n declaration worthy of the most exalted renown nnd rich with patriotic nnd Inspiring Influences. Ho said to our British cousins : "In or der to prevent or save trouble , ns I do not know the nature of the obligation to bo required of io , 1 think It necessary to ' premise that I will do no net that shall 1 Involve mo In nn acknowledgment of sub- I Jectlon to this realm , nnd that I save and reserve to myself all the rights and claims of a citizen ot the united , free and Inde pendent states at North America. " In a letter afterward to the president of the congress , In describing his actions , ho ' Bald "This ot : solemn second abjuration | the king In ono of his own courts wns i going ns far as decency would permit , nnd 1 I wns nt that moment In so very low and ! languishing n state that I could express I myself no further. None 'but God knows i what I suffered , and I expected nothing IOFS than to too remanded to the Tower. The solicitor concluded by saying that some violence had been done to the Inws for my relief. " It should bo remembered that Mr. Laurens was not n lawyer and wns not fn- mlllnr with the procedure of the court of the king's 'bench ' , ibUL had been n merchant all his busy life , and his direct declara tion that howould not do any act In subjection " " that ho Insisted jection to "this realm" and thnt ho "savo nnd reserve" to himself all rights nnd claims of a citizen ot the united , free nnd Independent states of North America had a far moro reaching effect than would have had a pica to the jurisdiction at the court , written by the stately nnd skilled hnnd of the great law yer , John Jay , the first chief Justice of the United States. It\vras a second Declara tion of Independence. It was nn nppeal to the common sense of the English people. It was moro than a plea to the Jurisdiction of the court. It was /olemn assertion that there stood before them n citizen of nn In dependent nation , and ns such his declara tion had a largo Influence on English thought of the period. On the 27th day ot April , 1782 , Mr. Lau rens was formally discharged on his prom ise to get Dr. Franklin to obtain the ex change of Lieutenant General Lord Corn1- wallls for Mr. Laurens. Krniiklln'H Letter. Indeed It la difficult to find any Important matter transacted In Europe In those In- , terestlng days without seeing the baud of the veucrnblo Franklin helping to the con clusion. As soon as Dr. Franklin learned of the imprisonment of Mr. Laurens in the Tower of London , and that his health was suffering .frora the rigor of the confinement , he wrote a letter to Sir Grey Cooper , secre tary ot the treasury of England. This let ter is interesting for its humanity and its plainness and'l take pleasure in giving It. "PASSY , November , 1780. Sir : I under stand that Mr. Laurens , an American gen tleman for whom 1 have a great esteem , Is a prisoner in the Tower , and that his health suffers 'by the closeness and rigor of his confinement. As 1 do not think that , your affairs receive any advantage from the harshness oi this proceeding , I take' ' the freedom of requesting your kind inter position to obtain for him such a decree qt air and liberty , on his parole or other wise , as may be necessary for his health and comfort. The fortune ofwar , which is dally changing , may possibly put it in my power to do the llko good office for some friend of yours , which I shall per form with much pleasure , not only for the sake of humanity , but In respect to the ashes of our former friendship. With great regard , 1 have the honor to be , etc. , "B. FRANKLIN. " Dr. Franklin was staying In France , and was In the closest possible touch with the affairs of his country and Its citizens In Europe , nnd upon being Informed that Mr. Laurens wns released upon the understand ing that he would obtain the exchange of Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallls for Mr. Laurens , he executed n document for thnt purpose , but stating therein that It was subject to ratification ot the congress. Lord Cornwallls was nt the time nt largo on his parole nnd was anxious to be exchanged , BO as to take his scat in the House of Lards without violating his oath given on his parole. The nnrno of the great diplomat nnd patriot , the venerable Franklin , here such weight In England ns conclusively ex pressing the will of the congress that Lord Cornwallls took his scat In Parliament without awaiting action of the congress on the exchange. The splendid conduct of the revolutionary heroes has given Inspiration to every suc ceeding ugo , nnd wo look with feelings of gratitude on the acts and lives of the great men who placed so deep and abiding the Institutions of n free government , and who set before succeeding generations tbo high resolves nnd far-reaching Influences of American gentlemen In their grand work the laborious task of building n nation. JAMES H. MACOMBER. I'Ol'OCATUl'UTL'S C11A.TKK. HcninrKulilf ISuIiorx In the Ilenrt of tiltMoiiiiliiln. . The sulphur house at Rnncho Tlamacas Is the really Important station on a trip to the peak of , Popocatepetl , Bays a writer In Modern Mexico. Here wo arrived at dark after a ride of four or five 'hours ' on horse back from Amecamocn , through n beautiful valley at first with Indian huts on cither side , then grain fields by the Bide of clear , limpid streams rushing down from the melting snows of the two great mountains which seems to gain In jjrandeur nnd ele vation ns we approached their bases. Leav ing Ixtacclhuatl to the loft , wo entered a road which has evidently been In use for many years , as It has sunken from the wear of ages until It Is so deep for several miles that wo , on horseback , could not ceo over the "banks " of the almost level country on either side. Entering the pine timber wo found n good road for a Ions distance , which Is used In crossing to Puebla , However , near the top of the saddle between the two moun tains , wo left this road and crossed a small stream which In Its violent descent roared as If to scare us from our purpose. Wo had now only hrldlo paths , In some places very poorly defined , always very steep nnd slippery , over fallen timber and rocks , un der low-hanging limbs where wo were forced to Ho close to the backs of our horses , and on ascending steep places to hold to their in an 0.3 not to slip out of tbo saddles. Then came the rain to add to our difficulties , and for two hours we were drenched BO that we did not appreciate the grand scenery through which wo were pass ing. There are many deep gorges , but In no place Is the trail EO near that It Is very dangerous. I think there la not another | high mountain In the world so accessible- nnd attended with so little real danger In Its ascent at Popocatepetl. In most places , the soil Is n deep lenin , formed ot the de composed nshcs cast out by the volcano , and which now produces a gradual slope to the snow line , mostly covered by the zacnlon grass nnd plno timber. On arrival nt Tlnmacns wo found the shcda where In years pnt the eulphur was refined and In these wo tried to make our selves comfortable until morning. With n large fire In the middle of the floor nnd the use ot some small earthen pots \\o pre pared our coffee nnd supper. Wo spread our clothing out to dry nnd passed n miser able night wrapped In our 'blankets ' with our feet to the fire. AtI o'clock wo nwoko our guides and stepped out to see ot It was light enough to prepare for the ascent of the mountain. Our guides told us to ent but little , hut to take n lunch with us. They then wrapped our feet In woolen cloUis , to protect thorn from Ibo old and snow. Mounting our horses wo rode through the timber and across n barranca whose sides were soft nshes In which our horses sank nt every 6tcp ; tlu-n nbovo the timber line , through the zacnton gross , which reaches Into the snow. Finding the show extending further down the mountain than usual , our culdos ndvlscd us to ride ns far ns pofslblo lu order to save our strength , hut soon our horses were punting nnd nWo to go only n few steps nt n time. So wo dismounted nud prepared for the Journey on foot. Wo had yet nearly 4,000 feet to nsocnd over n smooth surface of snow , so steep thnt wo went In zigzag fashion , stopping ovcry few steps to Ho down presumably to ndmlro the scenery. To the left Iny the valley of Mexico , still In the shadow , except In n few high places , which the early sun had tinted with gold. Almost directly under us wo could see the town of Amecameca with the Sacromonto nnd tho'whlto ' convent buildings nnd beyond the thrco lakes , Chnlco , Xochlmllco and i Texcoco , glisten. The sun lit up the spires j nnd lowers of Mexico City nnd It scorned I ns It the whole world wns under us. The I valley of Puebla was hidden by light , fleooy ! clouds driven from the Gulf coast nnd above I them townrd Arlzaba's peak , with Us beau tiful white dome , and the castellated towero of Mnllncho. Finally , at 11:30 : o'clock , our guides said : "Alll esta el crater , " and In n few minutes wcro on the rim , warned by the culdo not to go too near Its edges. Wo throw our selves down nnd at first could only pant nnd gasp for breath , the only sound heard being the loud thumping of our hearts In chorus. In a short time wo were able to reuse ourselves , take a swallow of cognac , cat a sweet lemon nnd a cracker and enjoy the nwful grandeur of the scene. Before us was a great black opening of an oval shape , longest from north to south , with Its walls of obsidian to a depth of flvo or six hundred feet. Owing to overhanging walls wo could not see the lowest point. On the further side was a great patch ot yellow nnd from its crevasses rose n cloud ot steam , or , as we were told , sulphurous gas , which has melted the snows above. The guides Informed us thnt this Is where the sulphur rock was taken out , and ono said ho had stayed down thcro for thirty dnys at a tlmo , and the other had made a trip each day from the sulphur house to the crater , taking down the rock to bo refined at Tlamacas. I found It took a great effort to walk a few steps and moro to make n few pictures. My body was as heavy as lead and my mental powers seemed dormant. I seemed as if just half awakened from a sleep. Af ter a time our 'breath came moro easily and our heartbeats became moro natural , but yet there wns the dazed feeling. The snow was too soft to permit our walking round the rim , as it was liable to slide down with the weight of a person. Hearing a strange echo from our voices , I drew my revolver nud fired several shots Into the crater , which echoed back and forth with a really wonderful effect , followed In a moment by a crash on the opposite side as a great mass of rock and snow , loosened perhaps by the waves of sound set , In motion or possibly by a glancing ball , fell Into the abyss. It was llko a great peal and roll of thunder amid the awful stillness which soon settled over everything as before. We seemed to look over the top of Ixtac clhuatl , and as 'tho clouds by this time had covered the valley ot Puebla almost entirely , it looked llko a great white sea. with billows rising nnd falling. The valley of Mexico was as a flock of white sheep on a hillside , so far below and so small did tho. clouds appear. AJusco wns a great , black Island , ns the misty haze was around -the Cuernaraca valley and the little mountains or foothills looked llko ant hills. Wo seemed as If suspended In air , for so white nnd dazzling wns the snow on the mountain below us thoit we could hardly sco without the use of colored glasses and scarcely no'tlced that wo had anything under our feet. Tlmo seemed ages and nftcr only twenty minutes our guides suggested the return. I focused my camera on. my guide , seated on the potato , or rush mat , ready to start down on , perhaps , the most wonderful coasting in the world , ana then took my scat behind him and had my companion press the automatic shutter. In fifteen minutes we wcro at the snow line once more , whence wo had boon six hours ascending. Our guides sold they had made the ( rte down In flvo minutes when the snow was sufficiently hard. Wo found fiomo Dlnccs so soft that my guldo pulled mo on the improvised toboggan. Wo walked to the ranch and , after a light lunch , mounted our horses nt 2 o'clock , looking up to the great dome of snow with a differ ent fcollnjf from thnt which wo had enter tained In the mornlnir. Wo had been In itiated Into its awful mysteries and should ever nfter have much moro respect for Popocatepetl. OBEY THE ORDER OF COURT County CoiiiinlKNloiuTH Aivarcl MIC Jnli 1'rlnfliif ? Conlrnut nnil Approve Contract of I ) III dor. The contract with the Festnor company for county printing during 1899 was ap proved by the Board of County Commis sioners In accordance with the writ of man damus Issued -by - the district court eonio time ugo , On the recommendation of the finance committee , the suit against William Coburn for excess fees alleged to have been re ceived during his term as sheriff wim or dered dismissed. This was on the advice of Attorney Ferguson , who was retained as special counsel In the case , nnd who con tended that the county has no chance to win the suit. A request that a member of the board bo designated to prepare n paper on "Good Roads , " to bo delivered at the Good Roads convention at Lincoln , was placed on file , as none of the commissioners seemed to care to undertake the Job. The resolution Introduced by Hcfcldt nt the previous meeting , by which the employ ment of Accountant Ituano for sixty days wa"s authorized , was withdrawn with the ex planation that arrangements have been made by which the -work can bo done with the regular ofllea force , Thu appropriation sheet contained an Item of $45 for olHco rent for the county attor ney. Harto called attention to the fact that the resolution adopted by the board contem plated an expenditure of only $35 for this purpose , and the Item went 'back ' to the finance committee. The only reference to the charges mada against Albyn Frank at a previous meetIng - Ing was a communication from Frank , In which ho explained that an Item of $90 In his favor for service as an Insanity com missioner bad been Inserted by mistake and 'wos consequently withdrawn , The communication vus referred to committee ot tbowhole , STORY OF THE STARRY FLAG Symptoms of Budding Nationhood Re flected in Itfl Banners , BIRTH OF THE RED , WHITE AND BLUE Orlulii nnil Tradition * of < lic Finn Tcrncly Ilctlcvtril nt n Meeting of the llitiiKlitcm of the IlCVOllltllMI. The Star Spangled Banner le distinctly the emblem of a united nnd llborty-lovlng people. History IB silent ns to Its orlsln nnd traditions as to the probable nourco from which the design was drawn or the colors suggested are conflicting nnd unsatis factory. When all the circumstances of the times are considered It seems reasonable to be lieve thnt our stnrry flng was evolved from Knglaud'i ) red standard when the events of the period proved the necessity of the union of the states and kindled the dcslro for freedom In the hearts of the colonists. The early English explorers nnd the May flower pilgrims brought with them the ling of England , n red cross on a white field. The Dutch colony on Manhattan Island was established under the Dutch East India colors , which were three horizontal stripes of orange , white nnd blue. In 1G50 the orange was chanced to red nnd the striped red , white nnd blue flug of the Dutch waved over Now Amsterdam until 1C64 , when the English took possession , raised the Union Jack nnd changed the name New Atnatordmu to New York. Symptom * nt llcvolt. Englnud's flag waved over the American colonies until 1765 , when liberty poles were erected nnd flags of various colors nnd de signs began to bo displayed by the unhappy colonists. The king's colors were frequently Inscribed with mottoes revealing the trend of public opinion , such ns "Tho Union of the Colonies nnd the Measures of the Con gress" and "George HI. and the Liberties of America. " As the differences between the mother country and the colonies Increased with tlmo a rattlesnake with the words "Don't Tread on Mo" became a popular design for banners and Hags. Colonel Oadscn , a member ot the marine committee , presented congress with a yellow Hag bearing this design. The news papers of the day ran at the head of their columns a. sketch of a rattlesnake cut In pieces , with the motto , "Join or Die. " The necessity of the union of the thirteen states for mutual protection was constantly upper most in the publto mind and the rattlesnake , signifying defiance , was represented ns hav ing thirteen rattles. Another design was thirteen mailed hands grasping an endless chain of thirteen links , and yet another , thirteen arrows in the talons of an eagle. A Hunker Hill FlnR. A flag carried at the battle of Hunker Hill had a blue field with ono corner quartered by the red cross of St. George , In ono section of which was a plno tree , and tradition says that a flag bearing the words. "Como if You Dare" was displayed by the hardy con tinentals during the battle. A standard presented to the Philadelphia troop of Light Horse In 1775 Is still In ex istence. It Is made of yellow silk and Is valued as being the earliest design showing thirteen stripes. Below the elaborate central design , which Includes a knot with thirteen floating ends , Is the motto "For These We Strive. " The upper corner next the staff has thirteen blue and sliver stripes. Washington's Life guard , consisting of ISO men , was organized In 177C. The uniform of this guard was blue with white facings or trimmings. The flag of the corps Is pre served In the museum of Alexandria , Va. It Is of white silk. The design Is a. guard hold ing a. horse by the reins and receiving a ling from the Goddess of Liberty. At the feet of the Goddess Is a shield which shows thirteen stripes and a field of stars. An eagle stands near the shield. The Niitlonnl I < Mii > v. A national flag was finally deemed neces sary and a committee was appointed to con sider the matter. The members of the committee were Benjamin Franklin , Benjamin Harrison and Thomas Lynch , Jr. As the result of their conference a striped flag was flung to the breeze at Cambridge , Mass. , January 2 , 177G. As the colonists had not as yet entertained the idea of absolute severance from England the new flag was merely the British union Jack showing white stripes on the red field , the thirteen stripes alternate red and white , Indicating the union of the American colonies. The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew , the embUrm of English sovereignty , remained unchanged 'in the upper corner next to the staff. Most of the colonists' flags bore the words "We Appeal to Heaven , " but the mottoes could not bo read at a distance and wore unsatisfactory. Thus it was only natural that when the yoke of British authority was thrown off and the time had arrived for the removal of the emblem of English tyranny from the flag that a blue field with white stars , symbolizing the heavens , should form a part of the banner of the now nation , whose appeal for Justice had been Ignored by an earthly king. DrnlK" AilontiMl liy C'oiiKrcxn. It was not until almost n year after the Declaration of Independence that the Ameri can congress met on the llth day of June , 1770 , and "Resolved , That the flag of the thirteen United States bo thirteen stripes , alternate red and white ; that the union bo thirteen stars , white 'In ' a blue field , rep resenting a now constellation. " Mrs. Elizabeth Itoss of I'hlladclphla was the government's first flag maker. The first military occasion on which the stars and stripes were displayed was at Fort Stanwlx , N. Y. , August 2 , 1777 , It was made of white shirts and pieces of red cloth with a blue union made from a cloak belonging to Colonel Abraham Swartwout of Dutch ess county , Now York. It IH pleasant to know that the colonel sallied forth under this hastily Improvised Hag and captured five of thu enemy's colors. Captain Paul Jones demanded and obtained the iirst salute ever flred for the stars and stripes by a foreign naval power on the 14ih day of February , 177S. His famous victory as captain of the Bon Hoqimo Itlchard was gained under the same flag , which Is still In existence and In a good stuto of preservation. It was presented to the Smithsonian Institute last December by Mrs , Stafford , a daughter-in-law of James Bayard Stafford , the midshipman who leaped overboard and recovered the flag when It was shot from the mast during the battle. .SIjiiilflniiK'o ( if tinColorx , The red of our flag denotes courage , the white , purity and peace- , the blue , vigilance , perseverance and justice. The stars on the blue field signify "In Oed Is Our Trust. " The red stripes are tokens of defiance to the nation's enemies , and with the wblto ones symbolize the original thirteen colonies that by their united effort made America free. free.Father Father Time has wrought changes In most of the banners of the nations of the world slncu the * stars and stripes became our national emblem. Today our flag Is older than those of Great Britain , Spain , France , Portugal , Germany , Italy , Sweden , China , Japan or any of the South Awcrlc in countries. The Star Spangled banner has been the harbinger of law and liberty , peace and prosperity , education and enlightenment , to the people of the United States that honor It as the emblem of their union. Long may it wave. HLLI5NORB DUTCHBH. Champagne on a restorer lisa no equal. Cook's Imperial Ertra Dry Champagne la pure , delicious and fruity. . IN THE GRIP EPIDEMIC Special Use of Hot Grogs 1IY Dr CYRUS EDSON of New York Health Dupt. nnd Dr. LIBBRMANN Surgeon General ot the French nrniy. It. Llbcrmann , iM. D. , surgeon general ot the French nnny , In an article on "La Grippe , " ( Influenza ) , recommends the fol lowing hot grog : "One-third goblet of Via Mnrlnnl , with two-thirds boiling- water , cloves nnd cinnamon , nnd with or without sugar , makes a grog ot exquisite flavor , which produces Immediate beneficial effect In severe casts of cold , attended by con vulsive coughing and depression. It It best takc.n nt bed time. In the grip epi demics In France Itwas the tonic abso lutely relied upon , and has received fre quent deserved mention In the Medical Pross. It has been shown that patients re cover \cry slowly. There Is much general weakness nnd lassitude Invariably calling for something In nature of n mild tonlo stimulant , and It has liccn found that Marlnnl wlnp Is uncqualcd for such cases. " r. Cyrus Udson of the Now York Health Department has made a careful etudy of the subject In his book on "La Orlppe , " pub- llshed by Applcton & Co. On page 39 ho writes of Vln Mnrlnnl nnd calls special at tention to It in the form of a hot grog. In speaking of the complete prcstratlon nc- compnnlcd by the depression caused by this disease , and nlso during entire convales cence , his preference for a tone stimulant Is a hot grog ot Vln Mnrlnnl. Ho says It Is excellent for the purpose Intended , and recommends Its use freely. The remedy Is simple nnd within easy roach of all who suffer from this dreaded disease. A book with further explicit details will bo sent by Marlnnl & Co. , 02 West 15th at , , Now York , to any ono who will -write re questing same. It Is certainly -well worth writing for. In addition to the nhle authorities quoted , the book offered contains many moro simi lar nnd most convincing Indorsements , thus proving It the most reliable of all known products of ihls diameter. There's So To Say And so little space to say It In that it Is Impossible to tell all tha advantages In using Itrttg Cabinet Every one who reads nt nil knows it's not v i < n bnth cabinet thnt Is referred to , nor the President's cabinet , because It v'ays Kru cabinet. There's little use of adding tha word beer , Krug Cabinet Is itbo beer that's used 411 all the homes where pure , whole some , natural flavor beer Is desired as tonic , beverage , stimulant or anything else for that matter. To be up with your friends order a trial case , You know the 'phone. Kiiisu icituo JIIK\VI\O co. , Tel.120. . 1007 Jackson Street. I will guarantca thnt my Kidney Cur will cure 1)0 ) per cent. ot all forms of kidney oomplnlnt and la many Instances the most Bcrlouo forms of Brlfht's disease. If the disease Is com plicated send a four- ounce vlnl of urine. We will analyze It nnd advise you free what to do. do.110NYO.V. . all < Jni Kl t . 25o. a Tlol. Guide to Health and fillol niKIro tn-t. JfUT ) Arcli si. . 1'hlln. IS fPfit DR. CHARCOT'S TONIC TABLETS rio the only iio'dtlM'ly cnnrantreil leincdylur tlio Diliilcllalill , NmniiMicKs anil iU-lanclioly caused liTMiniiKililnk. U'U UHAItA.VTXn ronil IIOXF.K niili'o firitfiml thn ninncy , nnd to de&lioy tlio appoiltP [ or IntnilcalliiK liquors. THE TtBLCTS CAN Rl ! OUTN WITHOUT kNOWLr.DnE OP TIIH I'ATIINT. linnHfi linirJICOMMWIMImry. . J'ovcrty OlilUnU UlllnlNlllIlt Ilcillll. llnnn li > Mnt | oiIO,00 un will mall jmi ( our m baits anil I'osl- ' llfii Avrlilrn iiii < rjiiiiIn ( cure 01 rofuuj jo'irinoncriiir'i ! IPHT. $3m ( 9Ier rM , Dillon IJriiK Co. , Solo Atrcnti Hltli nnil l''iiriiiiin. Oiniilui.ul > . WIII3N CONBOT/f Searles & Searlea SPECIALISTS. \Vf ucern.fullr treat ull MSHVOUS , oiinoMO AU I-KIVATH iitheuie * of in on null v\omeii. WFAK mil SYPHILIS BftXUALLT. cured /or life. NIrht KmUiloriB , lost Manhood , Hy * droceU , Verlrocele , Gonorrhin , fJleet , Byph. Ilia , atrleturo. Piles. Fistula and ReotaJ Ulctra , Dlabotei , Urieht's Disease cured COKBUfcTATIOK Kit KB , and , Cured nt hoim by nw method without pain or cuttlnr. V ° r 'dllrM wlth tump. Treatment by fir"