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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 4, 1894)
THE OMAHA DAILY JJJOJ&j TUESDAY , DECEMBER 4 , 189.1. ( Continued from First Page. ) In the suppression of the native government and the attempted substitution of an Im practicable componlto administration , In which Nicaragua and alien reildents were lo participate. Failure was followed by an In surrection which , for a time , subverted Nicar agua rule , expelling her onicers and restor ing tlio old organization. This In turn gave place to tlio existing local government estab lished and upheld by Nicaragua. Although the alien Interests arrayed against Nicaragua In thcao transactions have been largely American , and the commerca of that region for some time has been and still Is chiefly controlled by our citizens , ve can not for that reason challcng ] the rightful sovereignty eignty ot Nicaragua over this Important pirt ot her domain. For some months one , and during part of the llnie , two of our naval ships have been stationed nt niucfleMn'for the prelection cf all legitimate Interests ot our citizens. In September last tha government at Managua expelled fruin Its territory twelve or more foreigners , Including two Americans , for alleged participation In the r.eJHIoii3 or revolutionary movements against the republic at niiienelcls already mentioned ; but through the earnest remonstrance ot tliii government the two Americans have been permitted to return to the peaceful management of thslr business. Our naval commanders ct the scene of these disturbances , by their constant exhibition of firmness and good judgment , contributed largely to the prevention of more serious consequences and to the restoration of quiet and order. NO HELP FOU THIS MATTER. I regret that In the midst of these occur rences there happsced a most grave and Irritating failure of NlcJraguan Justice. An American citizen named Wilson , residing at llama , In the Mosquito territory , was mur dered by one Arguello , the acting governor of the town. After gome delay the murderer was arrested , but so Insecurely confined or guarded that he escaped , and nctwithstimrm ; our repeated demands it Is claimed that his tecapture has been impossible by reason ol his flight beyond Nlcaraguan jurisdiction. The Nicaraguan authorities , having given notlco of forfeiture of the concession to the canal company on grounds purely t clinical and not embraced In the contiuct , have re ceded from that position. Peru , I regret to s.iy , shows symptoms ol domestic disturbance , due prpbibly to the slowness ot her recupe-allon from * tli ? dis tresses of the war of 1881. Weakened In retources , her dlfllcultics In facing Inter national obligations Invite our kindly sympa thy anil justify our forbearance In pressing long psmltng claims. I have felt canstnilncd to testify this sympathy In connection with certain demands urgently prefencd by other powers. _ IMPORTANT RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA. The recent death of the czar of Russia called forth appropriate expressions ot sorrow row and sympathy on th part cf our govern ment lth his bereaved family and the Russian people. As a fu-ther demonstration of respect and friendship , our minister at St. Petersburg was directed to represent oui government at the funeral ceremonies. The Rcallng Interests In Russia In Derlng tea ar ECCOIU ! only to our own. A modus Vivendi % as therefore concluded with the Imperial government , restrictive of poaching on the Russian rookeries and of scaling In water : which were not comprehended In the pro. tecled area defined In the Paris award. Oc casion has been found to urge upon tin Russian government equality ot tieatment foi our great life Insurance companies , whose operations have been extended throtighoul Kurope. Admitting , as we do , foreign cor porations to transact business In the Unlta States , we naturally expect no lea.s tolerance for our own In the ample fields of compe tition abroad , Iut few cases of Interference with naturalksd citizens returning to Russtii 'have ' been reported during the current year ' , One Klzemlnskl gas arrested last summer Ir 'a Polish province. epa "reported charge 0 ! ' .impcrmltted renunciation of Russian allegl ince , but U , . transpired that tho-proceeding : Originated In alleged malfeasance committee l > y Klzemlnskl while an Imperial officer i number ot years uga Rfforts for his r. lease , which promised to ha successful , wer < In progress whei ) his death was reported. THAT EZKTA INCIDENT. H The government of Salvador having beer Overthrown by an abrupt popular outbreak certain of Us military and civil oillcers while Jiotly pursued by Infuriated insurgents soughl refuge un board the United States war shir llennlngton , then lying In a South Amsrlcar port. Although the practlca of asylum li hot favored by this government , yet In view of the imminent peril which threatened the fugitives and solely from considerations o ! humanity , they were afforded shelter by oui naval commander , and when afterward de- niahdcd under our treaty of extradition wit ) : Salvador for trial on charges ot murder arson and robbery 1 directed that such ol them as had not voluntarily left the ship b < conveyed to one of our nearest ports , when a hearing could bo had before a judlr.la ofllcer In compliance with the terms of the treaty. On their arrival at San Franclsce Riich a procecd'ng was promptly Institute ) ; before the United States district judge , whc hold that the acts constituting the alleged offenses were political and discharged all tin accused except one Cicufuegos , who was helc for an attempt to murder. Thereupon I wai constrained to direct his release , ( or tin reason that an attempt to murder was noi one of the crimes charged against him , am upon which hi ? surrender to the Salvadorear authorities had been demanded. SPAIN DESERVES ATTENTION. Unreasonable and unjust mica Imposed lij Spain on the vessel- ) and commerce of th < United States have demanded from time t < time during the last twenty years earnest ' " " remonstrance on the part of our government In ( ho Immediate past exorbitant penahlei huvo been Imposed upon our vessels ant goods by customs authorities of Cuba am Porto Rico for clerical errors of the mos trivial character In the manifests or bills o lading. In some cases fines amounting ti thousands of dollars have been levied upoi caigoca or the carrying vessels when tin goods In question were entitled to free entry Fines have been exacted even when tli error has been delected and the Spanlsl authorities notified before the arrival of tin Roods In port. This conduct ls In strain ; ccntrast with the considerate and llbera treatment extended to Spanish vessel ! ) am cargoes In our ports In like cases. Ni hullsfnctory Battlement of these vcxatlou questions has yet been reached. The Mora case referred to In my las annual message remains unsettled. Fron the diplomatic correspondence on this subjec which ha ? been laid before the senate till t \\ill bo seen that this government has ofterei lo conclude a convention with Spain for dls nosal by arbitration of outstanding claim between the two countries , except ihe Mor claim , which , having been lone ago ad jutted , now only awaits payment * an stlpu latcd , anil of course It could not bo Includei In the proposed convention. Itas hopei that this offer would remove parllamentar ; obstacles encountered by the Spanish govern inont In providing payment of the Mor , indemnity. I legret to say that no deflnl ! icply to this offer has yet been made and al efforts lo secure payment ot this sijttlei claim have been unavailing. AMERICAN CITIZENS IN ARMENIA. In my last annual message I adverted t the claim on the part of Tin key of the rlgh to expel , as pcraor.s undesirable am dtttgcioils , Armenians naturalized In tli Unjted States and returning to TurkU ! jurisdiction. Numerous questions in this re lutlcn have arisen. While this governmen acquiesces In the asserted right of expulsloi It would not consent that Armenians may b In-prlsoned or otherwise punished for nether other reason than having acquired wlthau Ir porlal consent American cltlzenshlr Three ot the assailants of Miss Mellon , a : American teacher In Mosul , have been con vlcted by the Ottoman courts ami I an advised that on appeal against the acqultta i ( ho remaining five has been taken by th Turkish prosecuting officer. A Convention baa been concluded wit : Venezuela fur the arbitration of a long dli puled claim growing out ot the seizure o certain vessels , the property of citizens o the United Stales. Although signed , th treaty ot extradition with Venezuela Is m yd In force , owing to the Insistence ot tha euvcrmncnt that , \\hcn surrendered , It rltizeni shall In no case be liable to caplti punishment. The rule * for the prevention of collision at tea , which were framed by the marltlm conference held la this city In. 1885 , bavin been concurrently Incorporated In th tatute * ot tha United States and area Irltaln , have been announced to tske effeci March 1 , 1895 , and Invitations have been ex .ended to all maritime nations to adhere t < hem , Favorabto responses have thus fai icen received from Austria , France , Portugal Spain and Sweden. WILLING TO DROP SAMOA. In my last annual message I referret irltfly to the unsatisfactory state of attain n Samoa under the operation ot the lierllr treaty ax signally Illustrating the Impollcj of entangling alliances with foreign poweri and on May 9 , 1891 , In response to a rcsolu Ion of the gcnate , I sent a special messagi and documents to that body on the sam < subject which emphasized my previously ex iritreil opinions. Later occurrences , tin : orrespon < lcnco In regard to which will hi aid before congress , further dcmonstrati : hat the government which was devised hj : he three powers and forced upon the Bnn'oans against ( heir Inveterate hostllltj : an be maintained only by contlmieJ prjscnci of foreign military force and at no smal sacrifice of llfo and treasure. The suppres slon of the Mataafa Insurrection by th lowers and the subsequent banishment o .he leader anil eleven other chiefs , ns recltoc n my last message , did' not bring lastltu i ace to the Islands. Formidable uprising ! ontlmicit and finally it rebellion broke oui n the capital Inland , Upolul , headed li Una , the western district , by the youngei Tnir.asese , and In Atua , the eastern district > y other lenders. The Insurgents ravage : ho country and fought the government' ! : roops up to the very dears of Apia. Tin clng again appealed to the powers for hell and the combined British and German nava 'orres reduced the Atuana to apparent sub ectloiu Not , however , without conslderabli oss to the natives. A few days latei Taimiscse and his adherents , fearing tin ships and the marines , professed submission Reports received from our agents at Apl : lo not justify the belief that the peace thus jrought about will'be ot long duration. It 1 ; : belr conviction tint the natives are at hear 'instlle ' to the present government ; that sucl of them as profess loyalty to It do so froit [ ear ot the powers , and that It woult speedily go to plccea if the war uhlps wen withdrawn. In reporting to his Ruycrnnien on th ? unsatisfactory situation since the sup prci'slon of the late revolt by foreign armcc forces the German consul at Apia-stated : NATIVES ARE SHAMMING PEACE. "That peace will be lasting Is hardly to bi presumed. The lesson given by firing 01 Atua was net sufllclently sharp and inclslvi to leave a lasting Impression on the forget [ ul Satnoan temperament , in fact , coiull tlons arc existing-which show thut peace wll not last and H not seriously Intended Mallctoa , the king , and his chiefs arc con vlnced that the departure ot the war ship : \ylll \ be a signal for a renewal ot war. Thi circumstance that the representatives of tin vlllagei of all the districts which were op posed to the government have already with drawn to Atua "to hold meetings , and tha both Atua and Aana have forbidden in habitants of those districts which fought 01 the oldo of the government to return ti their villages and have already partly burnei down the latter indicates that a real concilia tlon of tlio parties is still far oft. " And In a note of the 10th ult. , encloslm a copy of that report for the Information o this government , the German ambassado said : "Tho contents of the report awakenci the Imperial government to the npp.-ehensloi that under existing circumstances the peac coi'cluilcd with the rebels will afford no as s n ran co of the lasting restoration of Iran qiillily lu the Islands. " The presant government has utterly fallei to correct , If Indeed It has not nggravatei the very evils It was Intended to prevent It has not stimulated our commerce with tli Inlands. Our participation In Its establish ment against the wishes of the natives wa In plain defiance of the conservative teach Ings and warnings ot the wise and patriotl men who laid Ihe foundations of our fre Institutions , and I invite an expression of th judgment of congress on the propriety o steps being taken by the government lookln , to the withdrawal from Its engagements wit ; the other powers on some reasonable term not prejudicial lo any of our existing right" CONDITION OF THE EXCHEQUER. Tie | secretary of 1)15 ) treasury reports that th receipts cf the government from all source of "revenue during the fiscal year ended Jun 30 , 1894. amounted trf $372.802.498.29 and It expenditures to $442,605,758.87 , leaving deficit of $09.803,260.58. There was a de crcaio of $15fl52.C7..CG | In the Ordinary ex penses cf the government , as compared wit the flfccal year 1893. There was collectei from customs $131,818.530.62 , and from In ternal revenue $147,168,449.70. The balanc of the Income for the year , amounting t $93.815,517.97- derived from the sales elands lands , and other sources. The value ot our total dutiable Import amounted to $275.199,086 , being $146,657,62 less than during the preceding year , and th Importations free of dutyrdmounted to $379 , 795,536 , being $61,748,675 less than during th preceding year. The receipts from custom were $73,536,486.11 less , and from Intorna revenue $13,830,539.97 loss than 1893. Th total tax collected from distilled spirits wa $85,239,250.25 ; on manufactured tobacc $8,617.898.62 , and on fermented liquors $31 , H 1.788.04. H Our exports of merchandise , domestic an foreign , amounted 'during ; tlio year to $892 , 140,572. being an increase dver the precedln year of $14,495,378. The total amount of gold exported durln the fiscal year was | 76,89S,061 , as agalns $108,680,444 during the fiscal year 1893. Th amount Imported was $72,449,119 , as again1 ! $21,174,381 during the previous year. Th imports of silver were $13,286,552 and th exports were $50,451,265. The total bounty paid upon the -prodiictlo of eugar In the United States for the flsca year was $12,100,208.89 , being an Increase o $2,725,078.01 over the payments made durin the preceding yeari The amount of bount paid from July 1 , 1884 ; .to August 28 , ISO ; the time when further payments ceased b operation of law. was $966,185.81. The tot. ; expense Incurred In the payment of th bsunty upon sugar during the fiscal year wa $130.14Q.85 , It la estimated that upon the basis of on present revenue laws the receipts of the go\ eminent during the current fiscal year endln June 30. 1893. will be $424,427,748.44 , and II expenditures $144,427.745.44. resulting in deficit ot $20,000.000. MONEY EXISTING AND CIRCULATINC On tha 1st day of November , 1894 , tli total sto/k cf money of all kinds In tli country was $2,240,773.888 , as against $2,201 631.000 on the 1st cf November , 1893 , and tfc money of ull Kinds In circulation or not li cliide-d lit the treasury holdings was $1,672 093,422 , or $24.27 per capita , upon an cst mated population : of .68,887,000. At the sani time there was held In the treasury ol bullion amounting to $14,615,177.55 , and sllvi bullion which was purchased at a cost ( $127,779.083. The purchase of silver bulllo umler the act of July 14 , 1890 , ceased en tli 1st day of November , 1893 , ami up to tin time there had 'been purchased during II llsc.il year 11.917,638.78 fine ounces at a coi of $8,715,521.32 , an average cost of $0.731 per flue ounce. The total amount of sllvi purchased from the time that law took eftci until the repeal ot Us purchase clause on th date last mentioned was lii8C7lCS2.53 fit ounces , \\hlcli cost $ L55,931Oi)2.25 , the avera ; price psr Una ounce bslng $0.9214. The tot ; amount of standard silver dollars coined i the mlntb of the United States sines tl passage of I he act of February 28 , 1889. $ l21,776.40SKof which $378,16i,793 ( wera calne under the prcvlstoiu of tint net , $38,531,1' ' Under the provisions of the act of July 1 1S99. and $3,078,472 umler the act providln for the coinage of trail ? dollar bullion. Tl coinage ot all metals of our mints during tl lait fiscal year consisted cf 63.4S5.220 pleci valued at $106,216,730,06 , of which there wei $99,174,912.50 In gold coined : $758 In standai silver dollars ; $6.021,110.30 In enbahllai silver coin and $716.919.26 In minor coin. Daring the calendar year 1893 the produi tlon of precious metals In the United Stati was estimated at 1,739,323 fine ounces i gold , of the commercial and coinage value i $35,935,000 and 60,000.000 fine ounces of sllvi ot the bullion or market value of $10,800,00 and cf the coinage value of $77,576,000. It estimated that on the Int day of July. 189 the stock of metallic money In the UnlK States , consisting of coin and bulllo amounted to $1,231.640.958 , of which $627 23,201 was gold and $621,317,757 wai silver. DECREASE IN NATIONAL HANKS. Fifty national banks were organized du Inn the year ended October .11 , 1891. with capital ot $5,285,000 , and seventy-nine wll a capital ot $10,475,000 went Into voluntai liquidation. Twenty.cno bankt with a caplt f $ ? 770,000 were placed In the hands i receivers/ The total number of nation burku In existence on th * Slit day i October last was 3.7C6 , being forty less tha on the 3Ut day ot October , 1893. The caplt stock payed In was $672.671.363 , being $9,69 ! 491 less than at the came time In tl previous year , and the surplus fund and un divided profits , less expenses and taxes pull amounted to $334,121,082.10 , which was $16 , 989.780 lees than on October 31 , 1893. The circulation was decreased $1,741,563 The obligations of the banks to each othci were Increased $117,268,331 and the Indlvldun deposits were $277,291,489 less than at thi corresponding date In the previous year , am checks and other cash Items were $90,349 , 963 more. The total retources of the hanki at the date mentioned amounted to $3,473 , 922,055 , as against $3,109,563,284.36 In 1803. AFFAIRS OF OUR LITTLE ARMY. Fiom tha report of thd secretary of war I appears that the strength of the army 01 September 30. 1894 , was 2,135 officers am 23,763 enlisted men. Athough | this Is ap parcntly a very sjlght , decrease comparei with the previous yqar , the actual cftcctlvi 'orce has been Increased to the equivalent o nearly two regiments through the reorganlza tlon of the system of recruiting and tin consequent release to refjlmental duty of th argc force ; ot men hitherto serving at th recruiting depots. The abolition ot then lepots , It Is prediclcd , will furtliBrmore eftcc an annual reduction approximating $250,00 n the direct expenditures , besides promotlni generally th j health , morals and dlsclplln of the troops. The execution of the policy of concentrat ng the army at Important centers of popula .Ion and transportation , foreshadowed In tin inmul report of the secretary , has resutlei n the abandonment of fifteen of the smallc posts , which was effected under a plan whlcl assembles organizations , of the same regl ments hitherto widely separated. Thl cutlers our small forces more readily effec tlve for any service which they may b < called upon to perform , Increases the extcn of the territory under' protection wlthou llinlnlshlng tlie security heretofore affonlei o any locality , Improves the discipline , train ng and esprit do corps of the army , beside , considerably decreasing the cost of Its main tonancc. Though the forces of the Department of th Hast have been somewhat Increased , mor < than three-fourths of the army Is still sta tloned west of the Mississippi. This care fully matured policy , which secures the bes and greatest service In the Interest ot th general welfare from the small force com irlalng our regular army , should not b thoughtlessly embarrassed by creation of no\ and unnecjssnry posts through acts of congress gross to gratify the ambitions or Interest of localities. ONLY A FEW MORE NEEDED. While the maximum Ipgal strength of th army Is 25,000 men the effective strength through various causes , Is but llttlo eve 20,000 men. The purposs of congress doe not , therefore , seem to be fully attained b ; thn existing conditions. While no consider able Increase In the army Is , In my Judgmenl demanded by recent events , the policy o neacoast fortification , In the prosecution o which we have been steadily engaged to some years , lias so far developed as to sug ? est that the effective strength of the arm , bo now made at least equal to the lega strength. Measures taken by the depart ment during the year as Indicated have al ready considerably augmented the eftectlv force , and the secretary of war presents plan which I recommend to the considoratlo of congress to attain the desired end Economies effected In the department I other lines of work will offset to a grea extent the expenditures Involved In the prop osltlon submitted. Among other things this contemplates th adoption ot the three-battalion formation o regiments , which for several years has beei endorsee ] by the secretaries of war and th generals commanding the a my. Compact li Itself , It provides a skeleton organization ready to be filled out In the event of war which U peculiarly adapted to our strengt and requirements ; and the fact that ever ; other nation , with a single exception , ha adopted this formation to meet the condition ot modern warfare should alone secure to the recom'mendatlon an early consideration. HAD TO PUT POWN DEDS. It is hardly necessary to recall the fac th'at In obedlenco. to tho/.conimands ofth , constitution and the laws.vactl for the pur posq of protecting the property of the Unitei States , aiding the proces 'Xf ) federal court and removing lawless obstructions to the per formance by the government ot Its legltl matefunctions , [ t'beEamaTiecesgaTy-ln ous JocalltfeVJdiu'ns\tht : < yeaTUn-.efliploy ; ! considerable jiortfon * of thoi.frgular trqops The duty was discharged ( promptly , cour ageously and'with-marked dlscreflou by th officers and men , and the most gratlfyln proof was thus afforded that ; the army dc serves that complete confidence la Its' * el flclency and discipline which the country ha at all times manifested. The year has been fjee from disturbance of Indians and the chances' of further 'ilep rcdattons on their part are constantly beqom Ing more remote and Improbable. The total expenditures for the War depart ment for the year ending June 30 , 1891 amounted to $56.039,009.34. Of this sur $2.000,611.99 was for salaries and contlngen expenses ; $23,665,156.16 for the support o the military establishments ; $5.001,682.23 fo miscellaneous objects and $25,371,550.96 fo nubile works. This latter sum Include $19,494,037.19 for river and harbor Improve ments ni.d $3,947,863.56 tor fortifications an other works ot defense. The appropriation for the current year aggregate $52,429,112.72 and the estimates submitted by the secretar of war for the next fiscal year call for ap proprlatlons amounting to $32.318,629.55. READY TO DEFEND THE COASTS. The skill and Industry of our ordnance ol fleers and Inventors have. It Is believed overcome the mechanical obstacles whlc have heretofore delayed the armament of ou coasts , and this great natloral undertakln upon which we have entered may now pr : ceed as rapidly as congress shall determine With a supply of finished guns of large call her already on hand , to which addition Should now rapidly follow , the wisdom c providing carriages and emplacement fo their mount cannot be too strongly urged. The total enrollment of the mllltla of th several states Is 117,533 officers and enllste men , an Increase of 5,343 over the numbe reported at the close of the previous yeai The reports of mllltla Inspections by regula army officers show a marked Increase In In terest and clficlency In the state organlza lion's , and I strongly recommend a contlcu ance of the policy of affording every practlct encouragement possible to this Importan auxiliary ot our military establishment. The condition of the Apache Indians , hel as prisoners by the government for elgh years at a cost of $500,000 , has been change during the year from captivity to one whlc gives them an opportunity to demonstrat their capacity for self-support and at leaj partial civilization. Legls'atlon enacted at th late session of congress gave the War de partment authority to transfer the survivor : numbering 846 , from Mount Vernon Bar racks , In Alabama , to any suitable reserve tlon. The department trlected as their futur home the. military lards near Fort Sill , I. T where umler military surveillance the forme prlionerB have been established In agrlqultur under conditions favorable .to their advance ment. In re-cognition i.t the long and distinguish military services and faithful discharge c delicate and responsible civil duties by Mujc General John M. Schofield , now general con : mandlng the army , it Is suggested , to con gress thU the temporary revival of Ihe grad of lieutenant general In his behalf would ti a Just and gracious act , ami woilia permi his retirement , now near at hand-with ran befitting his merit ! . ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT JUDGES. The report of the atrtrney general note the gratifying progress made by theuprom court In overcoming the arrears ot Its bus ness and lu reaching a condition In which J will be able to dispose cf cases as they arls without any unreasonable delay. . This resn li , of course , very largely clue to the success ful working of the plan InauRtiriUijK olrcnl courts of appeal. In respret' these tr ; bunaU. the suggestion Is malle , Inqu&rtei entitled to the highest coiieldiratidir , that a additional circuit judge for bach circuit woul greatly strengthen ( hece conns and the cor fldenco reposed In their adjiullenllpus/'au th'at such an addition Would not create greater force of Judges than the Inrreasln buslnefs ot such courts requires. 7 cpmmqn the suggestion to thp c.iceftl | consideration c the congress. t ; Other Important toplcj arc adverted to 1 the report , accompanied by recommendation ) many of which have- been , treatrif at largo I previous messages and ot this lime , therrfon need only be named. I refer to the abulltlo of the fee system as. ft measure of cumpenat tlon to federal oillcers ; the enlargement c the powers of United Btatti commlmlonei at least In the territories ; the allowance < writs of error in criminal cases on behalf c the United States , and the establishment < degrees In the crime of murder. A topic dealt with by the attorney gentn of much Importance Is the condition ot tin mlmlnlslraUifjf ) ) , Justice In Indian Territory The permancrjL solution of what Is called th Indian problHh' ' li < probably not to bo expectei at once , but meanwhile such ameliorations o present conditions at the existing system wll admit ot ouht Tot to bo neglected , I an satisfied there should b ? a federal court es tabltshed for the territory with sufficlen judges , and Jthat.thls court should Bit wlthli the territory1 ahcr have the same JurlBtllctloi us to terrltoPwf affairs as Is now vested li the federal -xyjurti elttlng In Arkansas am Tcas- uollu UNION PACIFIC REORGANIZATION. Another subject of pressing moment re ferrcd to by the attorney general Is the rcor ganlzation of the Union Pacific Railroad com pany on a llaHs"Vqultable as regards all prl vato Interests and as' favorable to the govern ment an existing conditions will permit. Th operation ot a railroad by a court through i receiver Is on anomalous state ot thing which should bo terminated on all grounds public and private , at the earliest posslbl moment. Ileslilcs , not to enact the neeclei enabling legislation at the present sessloi postpones the whole matter until the assem bllng of a new congress and Inevitably In creases oil the complications of the situation and couhl not but be regareled as a slgna failure to solve a 'problem which has prac tlcally been before , the present congress eve since Us organization. Eight years' ago , In my annual message , urged upon the congress as strongly as could the location and construction of tw prisons for the confinement of United State prisoners. A similar recommendation ho been made from tlmo to time since , and tow years ago a law was passed providing fc the selection of sites for these institution ! No appropriation has , however , been mad to caty the act Into effect , and the old an discreditable condition still exists. It Is nc my purpose at this tlmo to repeat the cor sldcnulons which make an Impregnable cat In favor of the ownership and managemer by the government of the- penal Institution In which federal prisoners are confined , simply desire to again urge former rccon mendatlons out the subject , and to paitlci larly call the attention of the congress t that part of the report of the secretary e war In which .he states that the mllltar prison at Fort .Leavenworth , Kan. , can t turned over to the government as a prlso for federal convicts without the least dlfi culty and with an actual saving ot mono tram every point of view. Pending a more complete reform , I her that b.y the adoption of the suggestion ot tli secretary of war this easy step may I taken In the direction of the proper care ( Its convicts by the government of the Unite States. UOQUS NEWSPAPERS IN THE MAILS. The report ot the postmaster general pr < sonts a comprelienslve statement of the opei atlons of the Poslbfllce department for tl last fiscal year. The receipts of the depar ment during the year amounted to $75,080 479.04 , and the expenditures to $84,321,114.1 ! The transactions of the postal service Indlcal with barometric' certainty the fluctuation I the business ol the country. Inasmucl therefore , ns business complications continue to exist throughout the last year to an ui forseen extent , It 1s not surprising that thei was a deficiency of revenue to meet the c : pendltures of tlje Postofilce department , whlc was estimated In advance at about $80,000,00 The ascertained revenues of the last yea which wore UVd basis of calculation for tl current year.Mats'less than estimated , tl deficiency for th ? "current year will ba corn spomllngly greater ; , though the postmasti general state's thitt Ihe latest Indications ai so favorable IhaUJie .confidently predicts a Increase of al'feast 8 per cent in the revi nues of the iurrint year over those ot U * last year. , The expenditures Increase steadily and nc < cssarlly with .tho ? growth and needs of tl country , so that the deficiency Is greater < less In any year Depending upon the volurr of receipts. T'hV postmaster general stall that this deficiency Is unnecessary and mlgl be obviated .A qnce It the law regulatlr rates upon infill master ot the. second cUv was -njodlfieel , The rate received for tl transmission of .tijls second-class matter 1 cent per 'Pfljinil' while the cost of sue transmission 1 , 9 jtW government , Is .eilgl tlroea that .atnount > in the general tern of the law thtsitSato , ' covers newspapers ar periodicals , "the' "extensions ot the meanlr ot the terms from ( line to time have ai mltted to the privileges' intended for legit mate newspapers .and periodicals a surprj ing range ot publications , and created abusi the cost ot which amount In the riggrega' ' to the total deficiency of the Postoffice < 1 partment. Pretended newspapers are starte by business houses' for the mere , purpose i advertising goods , complying with the law I form only , and discontinuing the publlcatloi as soon as the period of advertising Is ovc "Sample copies" of pretended newspapers ai Issued in great numbers for a like pnrpa only. The result Is a great loss ot reveiu to the government , besides Its humlllatlr use as an agency to aid In carrying out tt scheme of a business house to adverth Us goods by means ot a trick upon both I rival houses and the regular and legltlma newspapers. Paper-covered literature , consisting main ! of trashy novels , to the extent of mar thousands of tons , la sent through the mat at 1 cent per pound , while tha publishers < standard works are required to pay elql times that amount in sending their public : tlons. Another abuse consists In the fri carriage through the malls of hundreds i tons of seed and grain , uselessly dlntrlbuti through the Department ot Agriculture. Tl postmaster general predicts that If the la ba so amended as to eradicate these abusi not only will the Postoffice department shone no deficiency , but he believes that In tl near future all legitimate newspapers ar periodical magazines might bo properly Iran mltted through the malls to their subscribe ; free of cost. I invite your prompt conslde atlon of this subject , and fully endorse tl views of the postmaster general. FIGURES ABOUT POSTOFFICES. The total number of postofilces In tl United States on the 30th day of June , 189 was 69,803 , an Increase of 1,403 over tl preceding year. Ot these 3,428 were pres dentlal , an Increase In that class of sl.xt ; eight over the preceding year. Six hundred and ten cities and towns ai provided with free delivery , nlnety-thn other cities and towns entitled to this servli under the law have not been accorded It e account of Insufficient funds. The expen : of free delivery for the current fiscal year wl be more than $12,300,000 , and undr exlstlr legislation this Item of expenditure Is sul ject to constant Increase. The estimate cost of rural free delivery generally la ! very largo that It ought not to bo conslderi In the present condition of affair : . During the year 830 additional domest money order offices were established. Tl total number of these offices at the close < the year was 19,266. There were 14,408,0 money orders Issued during the year , belr on Increase ovqq-\ho preceding year of 994,30 The value of theso'orjers amounted to $138 793,579.49 , an Increaa ; of $11,217.145.84. The were also Issiifd-ilurlng the year postal noti amounting to n$12649,094.55. | During tl year 218 International money order offlc1 were added to iuaq < i already established , ma1 Ing a total of i62f such offices' In operatic Juno 30 , 1894. ] The number of Internatlon money ordersti/saued / during the year wi 917,823 , a decratas la number of 138,176 ; ar their value watt $18,702,455.31 , a decrease amount ot $2 549,382.55. The number orders paid was. 301.180 , an Increase over tl preceding yearjDf ! 00,263 , and their valuf wi $6,568,493,78 , on Inurease ot $1,285,118.08. From the foregoing statements It appea that the total" lfeiiiie ot money orders at postal notes tot * 'tilt year amounted to $16E 235.129.35"f f Tlio number'ol Idtters and packages malb during the y ar for special delivery wi 3,436,970. Tlmiitpeclal delivery stamps tuii upon these letters and packages amount ! to $343,697. The messenger fees paid f their delivery amounted to $261,209.70 , lea Ing a balance In'favor-of the government $82.487,30. ECONOMIES WORKED OUT. The report shows moat gratifying rcsul In the way of economies worked out wltho affecting the efficiency ot the postal servlc Tlmo consist In the abrogation of steanfifi lubaldy contracts , relettlag of mall transpot atlon contract ! and In the cost and amoui of supplies used In the service , amounting all to $16,619,017,42. ThU report also contalni a valuable co trlbutlon to the history ot the Unlvers Postal union , an arrangement which amoun practically to the establishment of one poit system for the entire civilized world. Spec ! attention Is directed to this subject at tb time In view of the fact that tha next co Krus ot the unions will meet In Washing ! ) In 1S97 , and It I * hoped that timely actli will bo tnlcort In the direction ot perfectly preparations for that event. The postmaster renews the suggestion niaili In a previous report that the dcpartmen Organization be Increased to the extent 01 creating a direct district supervision ot al postal affairs , and In this suggestion I full ) concur. There ore connected with the postoffice ! 32,661 employes who nto In' the classified service. This Includes many who have beet Classified on the suggestion ot the postmastei general. He states that another year's ex. perlenrfe nt the head of the department serves only to strengthen the convlctloti as to thi excellent working of the civil service law Ir this branch ot the public service. OUR NEW NAVY. Attention Is. called to the report of the secretary of the navy , which shows very gratifying progress In the construction ol ships for our new navy. All the vessels now building. Including three torpedo boat ! authorized at the last session ot congress and excepting the first class battle shl [ Iowa , will probably be completed during the coming fiscal year. The estimates for the Increase ot the navj for the year ending June 30 , 1896 , arc large , but tlioy Include practically the entire sum necessary to complete and equip all the new ships not now In commission , HO thai unless new ships are authorized the appro , prlatlons for the naval service for the flsca' year ending June 30 , 1897 , should fall below the estimates for the coming year by al least $12,000.000. The secretary presents with much earnest , ness a plea for the authorization of three ad. dltlonal battle shlus and ten or twelve torpedo boats. While the unarmorcd vesseh heretofore authorized , Including those now nc'arlng completion , will constitute a fleet which It Is helleved Is sufficient for ordinary ciuislng purposes In tlmo of peace , we have now completed and In process of construction but four first class battle ships , and but tow torpedo boats. It we are to have a navj for war-like operations , offensive and do- fer.slvo , wo certainly ought to Increase boll the number of battle ships and torpedc boats. The manufacture df armor requires ex pensive plants and the aggregation of man ) skilled workmen. All the armor necessar ) to complete the vessels now building wilt be delivered before the 1st of June next. If nt new contracts are given out contractors musl disband tholr workmen and their plants must lie Idle. Uattlo ships authorized at thU time would not bo well under way until late In the coming fiscal year , and at least three years and a halt from the date of the con tract would be required for their completion The secretary btates that not more than 1 ( per cent of the cost ot such ships need b < Included In the appropriation for the coming year. I recommend that provision bo made for the construction of additional battle ship : and torpedo boats. MORE ORDNANCE NEEDED. The secretary recommends the manufacture not only of ordnance and ordnance material for ships of the navy , but also a supply for the auxiliary fleet. Ouns and their appurte nances should be provided and kept on hand for both these purposes. We have not today a single gun that could be put on the ships Paris or New York of the International Navi gation company or any other ship of our reserve - servo navy. The manufacture of guns at the Washington navy yard Is proceeding satis factorily and none of our new ships will be required to wait for their guns or ordnance equipment. An Important order has been Issued by the secretary of the navy co-ordinating the duties ot the several bureaus concerned Ir the construction of ships. The order , It 1 ; believed , Will secure to a greater extent thar has heretofore been possible the harmonious action of these several bureaus , and make the attainment of the best results more cer tain. "During the past fiscal year there has beer an unusual and pressing demand In many quarters of the world for the presence ol vessels to guard American Interests. In Jan < uary last , during the Brazilian Insurrection a largp fleet was concentrated In the harboi of Rio de Janeiro. The vigorous action ol Rear Admiral JJenham In protecting the per sonal and commercial rights of our citlzem during the disturbed conditions afforded re sulti which will. It Is believed , havea far- reaching and wholesome Influence whenever In like circumstances , It may become neces sary for our naval commanders to Interfere on behalf of our people In foreign ports. The war now in progress between China and Japan has rendered it necessary or cxpedlenl to dispatch eight vessels to Hhoso waters. Doth the secretary of the navy and the secretary of the treasury recommetd the transfer of the work of the coast survey proper to the Navy department. I heartily concur In this recommendation. Excluding Alaska and a very small area besides , al the work of mapping and charting out tin coast has been completed. The hydrographlc work , which must be done over and ovei again by reason of the shifting and varying depths of water consequent upon the actlor of streams and tides , has heretofore beer done under the direction of naval officers ir subordination to the superintendent ot the coast survey. There scorns to be no good reason why the navy should not have entire charge hereafter of such work , especially a : the hydrographlc ! office of the Navy depart ment is now , and has- been for many years engaged In making efficient maps entire ! ) similar to those prepared by the coast sur- V6 > ' V6'CIVIL SERVICE IN THE NAVY. I feel It my Imperative duty to call at tentlon to the recommendation of the secre tary In regard to the personnel of the llm of the navy. The stagnation of promotloi in * hls vital branch of the service is si great as to seriously Impair Its efficiency I consider It of the utmost Importance tha the young and middle-aged oillcers should before the eve of retirement , be permltte < to reach a grade entitling them to actlvi and Important duty. The system adopted a few years ngi regulating the employment of labor at tin navy yards is rigidly upheld and has fullj demonstrated its usefulness and elllclency It is within the domain of civil service re form , Inasmuch as workmen are employee through a board of labor selected at eacl navy yard and are given work wlthou reference to politics and In the order o their application , preference , however , belni given to army and navy veterans and thosi having former navy yard experience Amendments suggested by experience havi been made to the rules regulating the sys tern. Thrpugh Its operation the work at ou : navy yards has been vastly Improved li efficiency and the opportunity to work hai been honestly and fairly awarded to will Ing and competent applicants. It Is hopei that If this system continues to be strict ! ] adhered to , there will soon be as a natura consequence such an equalization of pan ; benefit as will remove all temptation ti relax or abandon It. THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. The report of the secretary of the Intenoi exhibits the situation of the numerous one Interesting branches of the public servlci connected with his department. I commem this report and < he valuable rccommemla tions of the secretary to the careful atten lion of the congress. The public land disposed of during tin year amounted to 10,400,100.77 acres , Includ Ing 28,876.05 of Indian lands. It Is cstlmatet that the public domain still remalninf amounts to a little more than GOO.000,00 acres , excluding , however , about SGO.OOO.O'.x acres In Alaska , as well as military rescrva tlpns and railroad and other sections elands lands yet unadjudlcated. The total cash receipts from sale of land ! amounted to $2.674. 83.79 , Including $91.981.0 : received for Indian landu. Thirty-five thou sand patents were Issued for agrlcultura lands and 3,100 patents were Issued to In dlans on allotments of their lands In sever ally , the land BO allotted being Inalienable by the Indian allottees for a period o : twenty-live years after patent. There wen certified and patented on account of rail road and wagon road grunts during thi year 8.C35.W5 acres of land , and at the closi of the year 29,000,000 acres were embracei In the lists of selections made by rullroai 'and ' wagon road companies and awaltet settlement. The selections of swamp mnus and that taken as Indemnity therefor slijn the passage of the act providing for tin came in 1819 , amount to nearly or qulti 80fX ,000 acres , of which 68,000,000 have beei patented to states. About 138,000 acres wen patented during the last year. Nearly 820 , .UK ) acres of school and education granti were approved during the year. It appears that the appropriation for thi current year on account of special oervlci for the protection of the public- lands am the timber thereon Is much less than thosi lor previous .yearn and Inadequate for or efficient performance of the work. A largei sum of money than has been appropriate ! during a number of years past on this ac count has been returned to the governmcn as a result of the labors of those employet In the particular servlcd mentioned , and . ' hope It will not be crippled by insulliclen appropriation. PROTECTION FOR THE FORESTS. I fully endorse the recommendations of thi secretary that adequate protection be pro vldad for our forest reserves and that i comprehensive forestry iry tem be Inuugnr ated. Such keepers and Buperlntedenlu a. are necessary to protect the forests alread ] reserved should be provided , I am of thi opinion that there should b an abandon mont of the * policy sanctioned by prcsen laws under which the government for n vcr ; mnalt consideration Is rapidly losing title ti Immense tracts of land covered with tlmbe which should bo properly reserved ns per mancnt sources of timber supply. The suggestion that n change br > made li the manner of securing surveys of the pmi lie lands Is especially worthy of consldera tlon. I nm satisfied that these survey should be made by a corps of competcn surveyors under the Immediate control nm direction of the commissioner of the genera land olllce , An exceedingly Important recommendn tlon of the secretary relates to the rnannc In which contests and litigated cases grow Ing out of efforts to obtain governmen lands are determined. The entire testlmoii ; upon which these controversies depend b all their stages Is taknn before the loca registers and receivers , and yet these olfl ccrs have no power to subpoena witnesses o to enforce their attendance to testify. Thcsi caos. numbering 3,000 or 1,000 annually , ar sent by the local oillcers to the commis Blotter of the general land olllce for his nc tlon. The exigencies of his other ilutie oblige .him to act upon the decisions of tli registers and receivers without an npporlu nlty of thorough examination. Nearly 2,0i > of thefce cases ate appealed annually fron the commissioner to the seci-inry of th < Interior. IHmU'jieU with other Impottun administrative duties , hit determination o these appeals must bo n'inost jicrfunctor ; and based upon the cxamlii..tinn of others though Ibis determination of the secrctav ; operates as a final adjudication upon right ! of very great Importance. 1 concur In tin opinion that the commissioner of the gen ernl land olllce should bo relieved from thi duty of deciding litigated bind cases , that i nonpartlsan court should bo created to pas. on such cases , and that the decisions of tbl court should be final , al least so far a thi decisions of thn department are now final The proposed court might be given author Itv to certify questions of law. In matter of special Importance , to the supreme cour of the I'nlted Slates or the court of appeal for the District of Columbia for decision The creation of such a tribunal would ex peillte the disposal of cases and Insure dc clslons of a more satisfactory character The registers npd receivers , who orlglnalli hear and decide these disputes , should bo in vested with authority to compel wllnesse ; to attend and testify before them. WAItDS OF THE NATION. Though the condition of tHe Indians show a steady and healthy progress , their sltua tlon Is not satisfactory nt all points. Sonv of them to whom allotments of lands havi been made are found to be unable or dls Inclined to follow agricultural pursuits , o * ? ° " > orwlse benoflelnlly manage their land This is especially true of the Cheycnnes am Arapahoes , who , ns , It appears by repor of their agent , have In many Instance never been located upon their allotment and in Home cases do not even know when their allotments are. Their condition ha deteriorated. They are not self-supportlni and they live In camps and spend thel J me In Idleness. I have always bcllevei that allotments of reservation lands to In dlans in severally should be made spar Ingly , or at least slowly and with the lit most caution. In these days , when whit agriculturists and stock raisers of experl cnce and intelligence , find their lot a ban one , we ought not to expect Indians , unles far advanced In civilization and habits o industryto support them tm the amal tracts of land usually allotted to them. I Bff-slPP ! | ° ltl"K scheme by allotmcn falls , the wretched pauperism of the allot tees will result worse than their origlnn condition of regulated dependence , ft I euuent the evil consequences of Ill-ndvlsei allotment arc Intensified in cases wher. . iUfL. ° .ustel' cnnn < 3' b < ? retreated on acre rtvSHnJjeipuVchnnc3bY the Kovernment o reservation lands remaining after allotment are made and tha deposition of such re 'the ' ° f I am convinced that the proper solutloi or the Indian problem and the success o every step taken In that direction dbpcm to a very large extent upon the Intelligent ° llestr ° f the reservation ? ili ? agents am , , ! . lntwBt 'Jley have ln ther | work. Ai fitted agent for his place can do mncl toward preparing the Indians under hi charge for citizenship and allotment o their lands , and his advice ns to any mat Ur concerning the'r wJlfare wi 1 nn m'slsad A nljt "gent will make no efToit to ad vance the Indians on his reservation to ward civilization or preparation for allot ment of lands In severally , and his oplnloi as to their cordltlon In this and the othe regards Is heedless and valueless. AIlMY OFFICERS AS AGENTS. n-T1 ! ? ' " 'llcatlons are that the detail o army officers Indian as agents will resul In Improved management or the reseiva tions.Vhencver allotments are made am any Indian ou the reservation has pre vlously settled upon a lot and cultivated It or shown a disposition to Improve U In utr way , such lot. bhoultl certainly be allottel to him. and tbu-shoiilil .bo made plalnl- obligatory of statute. In the light of ex perlence. and considering the uncertain ! * of the Indian situation and its exlgencle : in the future , I am not only disposed to bi very cautious In making allotments , but Incline to agree with the sccretarv of thi Interior In the opinion thut when allotment : arc made the balance of leservatlon lam remaining after allotment. Instead of belni bought' ' by the government from the Indium and opened for settlement , with such scan da s and unfair practices as seem imavold able , sh9vld remain for a time , nt least as common br.d , or be Hold by the govern ment on behalf of the Indlaus'ln an order ) * way and ut fixed prices to be determine ! by its location and desirability , and tha the proceeds , less expense * , should he beb In trust , for the benefit of the Indian pro The Intelligent Indian school managemen of the past year has he-en followed b < gratifying results. Efforts have been mad' to advance the work In a sound and practl cal manner. Five institutes of Indlm teachers have been held during the yea and have proved very benellclul throuel ihe views exchanged and methods dls cussed particularly applicable to Indian ed ucatlon. Efforts are being made In tin direction of a gradual reduction of tlv number of Indian contract nehools , so tha In a comparatively short time they mai give way altogether to government schools and it Is hoped that the change may bo si gradual as to be perfected without too gren expense to the government or due dlgregan of investments made by those who havi established and are maintaining fiuch con tract schools. The appropriation for tlio current yeai ending June r.0 , " 18.Ti , applicable to the or dlnary expenses of the Indian servlc ( amounts to $0.7.t,00U8. ! ; being less by $ CM , 20.64 than the Mini appropriated on th < same account for the previous year. THE PENSION HOI.U At the close of the last lineal year , on tin 30th day of June , 1891 , tlu-te were 9G3.GI persona on our pension rolls , being a ne Increase of 3W2 over the ntimUer reports at the end of the previous year. ThCHi pensioners m < iy be olusslllp , ! nH follows boldlers and sallorx. nurvlvors of all wars 76:1,908 : ; widows ami lelatlvvs of decensei soldiers , 215,162 ; army run-sen in the war o the rebellion , 414. Or these penrloncrx , 32,0j' ' are surviving soldiers of Indian rind othci wars priorto tlip late war , anil the widows are relatives of such soldiers. The re mnlnder , numbering ! )37M ) : , are recelvlnj pensions on account of the war c-f the re hellion , and of the : a 4tV.ll ! : ! are on the rolls under the authority of tins net of Juno 27 1S90 , sometimes called the dependent pen. slon law. The total amount rxiiendpd for pension ! during the year was $139,8 < H,46t.iKi. leuvlnf an unexpended baUnco frrn the cum ap propriated of $2.V-0" .712.G. . Tlc | slun ) | t.CHf | . nary to meet pension expenditures for the year ending June SO. 18'ltf. Is estimated al $140,000,000. Tlie comnilt-Hloner of pensions Is of the opinion thut the year 1ST ! , being tin thirtieth after the clone of thu war of tin rebellion , must , according to all pfnHlhlc human calculation , tee the highest limit ci the pension toll , and thut after that year II must begin to decline. The claims pending In the bureau have decreased more than 90,000 during the year A large proportion of the new claims filed are for Increase of pension by those now on the rolls. The number of reitlllcuteH Ifsiied 'was 80,213. The names dropped from the rolls for all causes during thtt ye.ir num. bered 37,951. Among our ix'nKloiiei'H are nine widows and three duuphters of xoldlen of the revolution and forty-live Kiuvlvorw ol the war of 1812. CHARGES OF PENSION The barefaced and fxtenxlvo penplor frauds exposed under the dliectlon of tin courageous and generous votemn Holdlei now at the hcud ot the bureau leave Hi- room for the claim that no purgation of nm pension rolls wns needed or that conllnnci vigilance and prompt action are not IHM-PB Miry to the same cml , The accusation thai an effort to detect pension frauds In cvl dence of unfrlendllnc&x toward our uortliy veterans and a denial of their claims to tin generosity of the government , HiigRests or unfortunate Indifference to the rommlsrfloi of on offense which has for a motive Hit securing of a pension , and Indicates a will Ingness to be blind to the existence ot incur and treacherous crimes which play upoi demagogic fears and muko uport of UK patriotic Impulse of u grateful people , CENSUS WORK NEARLY ENDED , The completion of the eleventh census li now In charge of the commissioner of labor The total disbursement11 " " account of tin work for the tlscul yeur eliding June 30 , Ittl amounted to $10iiS,67G.81. At the close 01 ihe year the number of persons employee In the census office wan 679 , At prcsc-m there are about 109. The whole number n | volumea necessary lo comprehend tin eleventh CCIIXUH will } > o twenty-live , anc they will contain 2.,270 printed pages. Th < assurance lu confidently made that befon the close of thu present calendar year flu material still Incomplete will bo piacllcally In hand , and the cenuuu can certainly b < closed by thu 4th of March. 18M. Aftei thut tha revision ojul proofreading tierrs farto bring out the volumes will itlll In required The text of the c ruus volumes lias beer ' limited , no far as possible , to Ihe annlyMa of statistics presented. The method , which Is In accordance with law , has mused morn or less friction , and In some Instances Indi vidual disappointment , for when the com missioner of labor took charge of tha work ho found much matter on. hand , which , according to this rule , he. was compelled to illscinl. The census Is being prepared ac cording to the theory that It Is designed to collect facts and certify them to tlio public , not to elaborate arguments or to present personal views. J. STERLING MORTON'S REPORT. The Becrclary of agriculture , In his report , reviews the operations of his department for the last fiscal year , and makes recotn- mcndattons for tliu further extension ot Its usefulness. He reports n saving In ex penditures during the year of $000.000 , which Is covered back Inlo the treasury. Tills Hum Is 23 pci cent of the entire ap propriation. A Bp ° clnl study has been mada of the demand for American farm products In all foielgu market ! ) , especially Oreat llrltiiln. That country received from the I'nlted States during the nine months ended September 30. 1S9I. 3av.10 ' live beef cattle valued at $2t1.GOO.OOi > , ns against 182,611 catllo valued at $16C 2IXM ( during the same period for 1KM. During the first six mmiUiR of 1891 the United Kingdom took also 112.0.X.000 ) iiaunds of dressed beef from the I'nlted Stall's , valued at nearly $10.000,000. The report shows that during the nine monlhs immedi ate y preceding September ) . 1S9I. the I nlted States exported to Great Hrltaln 2J2Gifi,000 pounds of pork ; of apples 1.900,000 , valued at $2,500,000 ; and of horses 2.S11 at an average value of $189 per head. There was a fulling off In American wheat exports of IS.MO.OOo bushels and the secretary Is Inclined to believe that wheat may not. In , . thu future , be the staple export cere > iil prod- .V net cf our country , but that corn will con- : Untie to advance In Importance as an ex port on account of the new UHCS tohlch ft Is constantly being appropriated. The exports of agricultural products from the t nlted States for the fiscal year ended June 30 , 1S9I , amounted to $52S,3ti3o : < S , be ing i2.2S per cent of American exports of every description , and the frilled Kingdom of Great Hrltaln took more than Ct per cent of nil farm products finding foreign markets. The Department of Agriculture has un dertaken during the year two new and Im portant lines of research. The first relates to grasses and forage plants , with the inir- pose of Instructing and familiarizing the people as to the distinctive grasses of the I nltod States and teaching them how to Introduce valuable foreign forage plants which may be adapted to this country. The second relates to agricultural soils and crop production Involving the analysis of samples of soil from nil sections ! of the American union , to demonstrate their adaptability to particular plants and crops. Mechanical analysis of soils may be of such tnesllmablu utility that it Is foremost In the now lines - ot agricultural research , and the secretary i therefore recommends that a division having It In charge bo permanenlly established In the department. The amount appropriated for the weather ; bureau was $951,100 ; of that sum $13SGOO. or It per cent , has been saved and Is returned lo the treasury. As Illustrating the use fulness of this service. It may be hero stated that the warnings which were very generally - orally given of two tropical storms occur ring In September and October of tlie press- cnt. X 2r resulted In detaining Hufelv In. port 2,30.1 vessels , valued at $36,283,913 , laden with cargoes of probably still greater value , \ \ hat Is much more Important and gratify ing , many human lives on these ships were also undoubtedly Fared. MEAT INSPECTION. The appropriation to the bureau of animal industry was $830.000 nml the expenditures for the year were only $195,40.21 , thus leav ing unexpended $33I,7BM. ) Tlie Inspection of beef anlmnls for export and Interstate trade has been continued and 12,914,056 head were Inspected during the year nt a cost ? , " | ) or Ileai1"Balnst 11 cents for 189J. Ihe amount of poik microscopically examined was 35,137,917 pounds , against 20.- GiI.-UO pounds In the preceding year. The cost of this inspection has been diminished. , " iai * -r , " l'cr ' head in 1S9J lo Lni.i Vn l ! ° CSii'cnse ' ? ot Inspecting the pork ? ? . i. ll ? ] J ? ' to Germany and France by tne 'C ' < * ( ntc * wns * . 2iW- The quantity , , . Inspected i was greater by 15,000,000 pouncla than duilng the preceding year , when the cost of such Inspection was $172,357,083. iiltciRCCFet"ry of , "Brlcullure recommends that ihe buy providing for the mlcroscoplo Inspection pf export and Interstate meat be so amended ns to compel owners of the meut COHt of such n Pcctlon fie arguments pre- rt ° f thl9 reo' . ' " bei- cattle , ITH'M "ne - Ported and tagged during ihe year numbered 383.B35. This Is an Increase of W ,533 head over the provioui year. The sanitary Inspection of cattle hlilpped to Europe , lias cost an , average o lor , cents for each'-nnlmal and the coat of suutl"rn ca le n" < l the dlslnfec- tl ' t < t\ \ sVlentlflc Inquiries of the bureau of v2 .1 industry have progressed steadily -1 leln ' have ' " ? been yen'Juch furnished ! tuberculin to state authorities and mai- , for use in the agricultural colleges ami PX- - perlment stations for the treatment of ? S- eSartmpn/1 " ' " " " , , " ' - , Q < ! recently this ; icparunenl bus published tlio results of Its aliens of bovine tuberculosis and its ies will be vigorously continued. , herds In the District of Columbia ' - - - - - - - - thoroughly Inspected ' and will nmH * ably supply adequate'scopV for the SB partment to Intelligently pfo-Tecute Its sclent tlflc work und furnish mifllclent material for purposes of Illustration icscrlp "on and definition. The Ptorlllzatloii of ml He BusS peeled of containing the bacilli of tube culos s has been during the year vcrv thor oughly explained in a leaflet by Dr D Salmon , the chief of the bureau , and given general circulation throughout the country WORK OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. " The piilee of rxpeilment stations which ' * Part of the United States Depjrtment of Agriculture , has. during the past year rnJnfe.Vts/llf | / nlmost wholly I , , preparing , , PUbllcatl01 , ' } York ? Iasea "l > ° n the re- nr u rl ? ! ' ' - l experiment * tationa and other Institutions for agricultural In. nulry In the VnUnl States and foreign coim- tries. The secretary. In his report for 1893 culled attention to the fact that the op- proprlutlons made for the support of the J t'incnt , H"ltlons throushout the union were the only moneys taken out of the na tional treasury by act of congress for which no accounting to federal authorities was rmi f ! i 1nt'l)0"lmK ! ) ) Jo this suggestion tlie ' I'lfty-thlrd In congress , making Its appro- prlatlon for tlie department fnr tin * iiumi year , provided that the of agricu 1 inren 1Tll,1'rescr"0 ' the form ot annual , , financial statement required by section 3 of said act of March 2 , 1887 ; shnll ascerlalu whether the expenditures under the ap. proprlatlon hereby mude ure In accordance with the provisions of said ucl. and shall muKc report thereon to coiiFrexH. The beat work of the statistician of the Department of Agriculture Is the nscer- . , talnmtsnt , \ > y diligence and care , of the "T actual and rcul conditions , favorable or un. favorable , of the farmers and farms cf tha country , and to such causes which product ! these conditions to the end that the fads ascertained may guide their Intelligent treatment. In obedience to the new law , the Depart ment of Agriculture Immediately sent out blank forms of expense accounts to each station , and proposes In addition to make , through trusted expeitn , systematic exum- tin tlon of the several stations during the year , for the purpose of acquiring , by per- Bonnl Investigation , the detailed Informa tion necessary to enable the secretary of agriculture to make , as the staluto provides , a Ballsfactory report to congress. The boards of management of the several sta tions , with grc.it alacrity mid cordiality , have approved the amendment to the law liiovhlliiK this supervision of their expendi ture * , anticipating that It will Increase tha elllclency of the Htatlons und protect their directors and nunugers from loose charges concerning their use of public funds , be sides bringing the Department of Agrlcul. tine Into closer und more confidential rela-i tloiis with the experimental gluttons und through their Joint service largely InereaK. ing the usefulness to the agrlcultuio of the * rouniry. Acting upon n. recommendation contained In the report of 18DJ , congress ) appropriated $10,000 "to enable the secretary cl agriculture to Investigate and report upon the nutritive vnlue of various urtlclex and commodities used for human food , with special Buggpsllon of full , wholesome and edlblp rations less wasteful and moro eco nomical than Ihciao In common use. " Under thin nppropilatlon the department ban pre- naied and now has nearly ready for dlHlrl. billion nn elementary dlscusxlon of the nu. * tiltlvo value and pecuniary economy of food. When we consider that fully one-half of all the money earned by Ihe wnge-earnern of the civilized world Is expended by them for food , the Importance and utility nf mich an Investigation Is apparent , Tim depart ment expended Itv the fiscal year 1EU2 , % i - 35lb09.3C , and out of Unit Hum the total amount expended In bclcntlflct luscarcli wu I3.C per cent , lint In the year ended .Timo ) . isnt. out of a total expenditure nf $1- 9I3.9SSU1. the depailmcnt applied f.1,8 per cent of thul sum to xclentlflo work and In vestigation. It Ic , therefore , rery plainly obxervable that the economics which bavo t bean practiced III the udmlnlHlrnlion of the department hare not been nt the expcnuo of Bdentlllo research. The recommendation contained In the report of tint secretary for 1S93 , that the vlqious syutem of pro miscuous free distribution of Its departmental - mental documents bo abandoned , IK again urged. These publications may well be fur- nlHhcd without coat to public libraries , educa tional Institutions , and the clllccr * and II- brarlen of utate and of the federal govern ment , but from all Individuals applying for them a price covering the coit of the dncu- ment asked fur ( should be rcqulic.d. Thus the publications and dornmenln would be xerurcd by tlioca who rcully deulre them for proper nurpoieii. Halt a million ot copies of Ihe report of the wcrctary of aerloulluro are printed for distribution at an , annual cost ot about $300.000. I.argo numbers ot them are cum- ( Cootlaued on Scveoth r e . )
