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About The Nebraskan. (Lincoln, Neb.) 1892-1899 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 18, 1896)
llttem THE CONBTKl'tTlON W THE TYPE-HETTING MACHINE. JournnllBin In ltn present nluto of pro HroBH, wliloh lina boon wondorful during tho pnHt fow yonrn, iiocosultntos dlllgont study nml Inquiry Into tho ninny Improve montB boliiK Introduced Into tlio inoolinn- Icnl departments of tho nmny inrgo puun cntlons. In order Hint ono niiiy undoiHtund how IiIb writings tuny bo reproduced Into a printed surfneo. In tlio univorauy wo enn promote tlio foiiiulntlon of Journ nllBin, but In tlio newspaper olllco wo nro required to lmvo n prnotlcnl know ledge of tlio gonornl opurntloiiH nocoHxnry to produce (i impor. It la pomdblo Hint u number of tlioxo In tho JournnltHin olnn will bo onllod .ipon to 1111 tlio poHltlon of managing editor for Homo Inrgo dully, mid In thlH cnBO u thorough Icnowledgo of niu olilno coinpoBltlon Will bo of grout vultio to thom. U Ib not tlio wrltor'H nlni how ovor to dwoll upon JournnllHin ns nn nu thorlty on Hint Hubjoot, but to conllne IiIb nrllolo to tho inooliiuilunl progroHH In tlio composition of tho nowapnpor. Our llrt knowledge of a prnotlcnl type sotting nmolilno wns given to ua by Mr. Ottrir Morgonlhulor, n Oormnn. who founded tlio principle of - olld lino of typo, body mid fnee. which wiib patented In 1874. and since then his niiichlno bus undorgono u wonderful amount of Im provement. The mnchlnc hns been recog nized by tho highest nulliorltlua In engin eering tind mechanics, as ono ot tho won ders of moclinnlcal achlevment In this cen tury. Tlio niaohluo cannot bo correctly called n type-setting machine, as It Is a matrix assembling dovlco. Instead of pro ducing ulnglo typo ot tho typo foundry proper leiiKth Thlfl dotoimlnntion must ot course, precede tlio easting of the Hhi and was prosuniobly tho Initial reunon for dividing the process of typo-netting into two operations, each of which Is per formed on a Hopuruto mnohli.o. Tho llrst of thoso mnchlnos 1 hi soma rospoolB Hlmlllnr to u typo writer, but In stead of prlulliu; common loners, It Is constructed to perforno u ribbon of papor, tho looatlons of tfio perforations determin ing, Jneuunid-looni fashion, the clinruoi orB which tho operator puts Into It. l'or onoh olmrnoter two holos aro punohod through tho ribbon which has previous ly boon provided with two rows of mar glunl holes that not as rucks by means of which tho ribbon Is advanced with tho nocossnry logiilnilty. Tho Keyboard Is of rootnngulnr form, tho koyn holm? arranged tu sorlos of hor Issontnl and vorilolo linos, and the char acters aro divided Into as many groups oh there are vertlclo lines on the key board: thoao requiring tho least spaces helm? placed In the llrst group, the next largest ones Into the second group, ami so on. To tho llrst group Is nsslgnod ti pace ot llvo units, to tho fccoud ono of six units, und so forth. Uy the dopros slon ot each key, two holos are punched Into tho paper ribbon, In lino with tho marginal holes rormlng tho rack. Those punched holos record tho location ot the character on tho keyboard, ono holo re cording tho number of vortical and tho other that ot the horizontal row of keys containing tho letter struck. At tho sumo tlmo a mechanism Is sot Irlo motion by tho depression of ench key for the ob ject of monsuring and Indicating tho spaco .. .... . ..! it.. ! uitiirn (H'cuiilori ov t no accumuiaiuiK louvm. Class, u ucuvuru ijyu uii "." -o. - each complete In ono pleco and IuivIiir I TI.Ih mechanism Is advanced by tho do- on tho upper surface, properly justllled, presslon of each key by a number of tho typo characters to print a line. These j units of space occupied by the type, and slugs present the appearance ot composed j this advance Is Indicated by an Index lines of typo and serve tho same purpose. ' hand. Eor each word-spaco the minimum For this reason they nre called "lino- number of units admissible for tills spno- ing Is registered on this mechanism. " j Whon tho Indox shows to tho operator Tho linotypes nro produced and nssom-j(lml t10 uwuiiiulntlng typos would Mil a bled automatically In a galley, sldo by j ,,)0 so flir ,nilt no additional syllable can oldo, In proper ordur, so that they con- V)U m,!,,,, t kIiows precisely how much stttuto a "form", answering tho samo pur- 8pnC0 s rCgulatel to fill tho lino. This 30808 and used In tho same manner as tne i H,mL.0 is distributed among tho word- ordinary forms consisting of foundry types. After being used, tho linotype forms, Instead ot being distributed at u great expense as Is tho ordinary type, thoy nro simply thrown Into tho melt ing pot nnd reenst Into "pigs" or "bricks" to bo used In tho machine again, the only loss ot metal being by ovnpoiullon which is very smnll. Tho machine contains, us Its fundamen tal elements, scvernl hundred sluglo brnss matrices. Theso consist of a flut plate having In one edge a female letter, or matrix proper, und In the upper end u scries of small teoth used for selecting nnd distributing the matrices to tho prop er places In the different channels of the spaces, tho number of which Is Indicated on a dial, by (hiding the nddeiu.um re quired to 1111 the dollclency, Tho requis ite division Is nccompllshcu, mechanically, by means of a tublo uttnehed to tho Index, and tho resulting quotient 13 icoordcd at the end ot ench lino on the paper ilbbon. While a copy Is thus punched, tho rib bon Is wound upon a spool, und, when placed In tho typo-mnklng machine, It will enter that machine with the end of tho copy formost, passing Into It In a re versed direction. Tho matrices of the type-making ma chlno aro located on u rectangular plnte, In two sots of rows, Intersecting each other at right angles, In precisely tho mnguzlue In which thoy nro contained. ' hiiiiiu order In which tho chuructors nro A number of those matrices uro found In ' placer on tho keyboard ot tho tlrst nin tho sovorul channels In fnct a complete , thine. At every stroke of tho machine sot ot smnll and capital letters, including1 ibis plato Is caused to muko a reciprocal- puuuluatlon marks and II gurus. The ma chine Is so constructed that upon depres sion ot the linger koys, similar to a type writer, It will ussemblo tho characters Ing movement In both directions, and each ot these movoments Is so regulated that on tho return stroke, tho movement Is so limited that the desired matrix will according to the linger key depressed, In ' be placed centrally ovor tho mold In which -a lino with wedgo shnped spucus or Justl- I tho typo Is to bo oust. To accomplish tying bnrs between tho words. This com-1 this a number of slops Is provided In tho posed lino forms n lino of female typo, path of ench of the two movements, which ne!ty of the type .iiilng machine. It Is, Indeed, contemplated to have the writers uso tho punohlng ninehlno to onablo thom to turn In copy on paper ribbons, rendy for tho typo-cnstlug inaolilno. Tho separ ation of tho process of making ribbon copy nnd casting tho lypo hns obviously marked udvantugos. Tho latter muohliie runs lit a speed of about 110 strokes per niliiuto. With the uxcoptloti of u few strokes at the begin ning of each lino, each stroke produces lypo. Tho capacity of tho machine Is stated to bo between 1,000 and i,500 ems pur nonr, nnd this capacity Is self-evl-dontly Independent of the skill of the operator, whoso function Is that of pro ducing tho ribbons, Mutter set up by this nmehlno has the linportnnt ndvuiituge of admitting of mb soquunl corrections nnd altorntloiiH, be ing fully equivalent In this rospout to mat tor sot up by hand. This inaolilno oasis ported typo In the ordlnury souse of the word, which cuu ho used In the finest mag azine nnd book work. Aftor tlio matter set up by this machine has been used, It may bo romolled, or the typo may bo distributed and used In the ordinary way for hnnd work. Tho wnsto product of tho ninehlno can thus bo nd vnntngcously utilized. Tho monotypo .s considered tho machine of the future for all classes of composi tion coveting news and book publishing. Hook publishers nre looking forward to adapting the monotype In proforonco to nny other ninko of munhluo. Besides tho matrix forming machines there nro scvernl variation of typo-sotllng machines that sot tho foundry typos direct and do not make their own typo. Among thom nro the Thome, nnd tho Empire ma chines which nre about tho only two uu to tho present tlmo that nro worth men tion. Tho Empire Is manufactured by tho Umpire type-sotting Mnchlno compuny., Now York, und consists of a composing machine for composing the lines which i come from the machine In long Hues I nnd hnvc to be Justllled by hnnd, whence they have to bo taken to a sopnrato mn j ehlno for distribution. It usually takes I threo persons for the operation of tho composing and distributing machines, and tho cost of labor prevents n very large field for this machine. 'Iroprovement tbe Order of tbe Age." , The New Model 5 Nos. 2, 3 and 4. Ik Smith-Premier TYPEWRITERS. fM, jmlM msWSm A i (It Is positive, reliable, rapid and oa.v running.) ' (Adjustublo to nny width of pnper Ad mlts ot writing to tho oxlreiae liottom of pnpur.) '" (Tho primary food of tho ribbon Is ncrou Uh width with a slop by slop movement In tlio direction of Us longin with . ported AUTOMATIC rovorslnK inc"en Ism.) (A bull beurlng Is tho minimum of frc Hon; It requires loss oil nnd attention tliun nny othor honrlng. Tlmt quick notion und ousy touch of tho Smith Pre. mlor Is due to ball bearings. No 0peJ typewriter hns thom.) MACIMN'K IiHHIUNHU KOH KV10HY DAY U8I0 WITH THH WmtKINo I'AHTH HNCASHD AND I'HOTKCTKD WJINN DKSUIAIIM-',. WITH A KINIHH THAT IS U N W Q U A Ai D. The Smith-Premier Typewriter Co. Telephone 450 Improved Letter Spacing Mechanism Adjustable Paper Feed Automatic Ribbon Reverse HarginnI Stops at any Point Ball Bearing Throughout 1ST South Kloventh sNeel. C. W. KCKKUMAN MANAC1KU. BROWNING, KING & CO'S Great Clearing Out Sale Continues to be the DRAWING CARD. i You Should Investigate the Bargains in Christmas Goods. The Thorne Is also a direct type-setting, y j j. machine using foundry types and entail ing cost of scpnrute distribution which prevents It from producing tho amount of type that the Mouotpo or linotpe cnn. There nro mnny kinds of cheap compos Ing devices which have not demonstrated their practlbllty u to tho present date. It Is a battlo between tho two machines mentioned until some Inventive gctitous, outwits their constructors and plnces a moro rnpld devlco upon tho niurkct. A. W. COCHHAN. adapted to produce a lino of raised print ing surface on a slug which is enst Into or against tho mutrlx churncters. Aftor tho matrix lino Is composed as above, It Is automatically delivered to the face of a aro operated by compressed air ndmlttod to tho corresponding pistons through channels which nre closed by tho papor ribbon, except when this ribbon Is per forated. Tho location ot the perforations mold of tho desired size to bo set, tho i determines whloh of tho stops Is to bo 1 1 r la tlinn 4 1 n .-1. 1 . J.. j I rt i ...u . uu.-.. iiiuiuimmy jusuiicu uy tlio wedgo-shnped spnees or Justifying burs, molten metal Is then forced into tho mnt brought Into operation, und thus com- mands the position In which tho plate of matrices Is rutnlucd Immediately boforu rlx lino by a plunger notion In u pot ill-1 'll0 1'I' '8 CUHt- B' nieans of a wedge rectly behind tho mold, at a temperature! tl,3 movement of tho plntos rogulatos the of about 2S5 degrees Centigrade. This variublo width of the type-muker to cor mctal Immediately solidifies In tho mold respond with tho width of tho chnruotor. and forms a line of printing typo cor- ' 'rno PIer ribbon entering tho type-maker resiionding to the mntrlx lino. I machine In a reverse direction, the ro- Tho matrices hnvlng served their pur-! conl of tl,e Justifying addendum will iro poso aro carried back to tho mngazino cu1 0"on "n(' 15y a Pueumatlo davlco and stored In their separate channels to I llus rocord ls caused to adjust a wedgo, bo used over again at the will of tho WM'oh regulates tho width of tho mold for eucli word-spaco ocourlng on tho lino, by this moans tho proper length of tho lino is assured. operator. Tho next machine of any Importance In tho matrix forming machine ls called tho Lanston Monotype, and is tho Inven tion of Talbort Lanston of Washington, D. C. Mr. Lanston recolvod tho "Elliott Crosson gold medal" from the Franklin instltuto in honor of his wondorful ma chine. In doslgiiiug thla machine the Inventor had an object In vlow to produco Individ Aftor tho mutrlx pluto has been nr- , rested In that position, which will place ' tho required character dlreotly over the typo mold, tho matrix Ts moro correctly centored than the pueumatlo stops nro I able to do, by means of a taper plug entering Into one of tho conical center ing holos which are located on the reverse ual types, set In linos of equal length Hld f th mntr,x plat0' ono I'I,0Slto renuy to bo formed Into columns and "1U,W" ",ouu ,H " locked Into chases, for uso as a printing JeCt0d lnt U'e ,nold- After c0Benlln'.' tl10 surface. Instead of sotting previously 1 Jl U Ut 0ff' the ,no,d ,s oP00,1' a,ul tl10 prepared type, as In the old type-setting I flnl8hoU ty"e '" tasrerred, by nn Ingon machine, ho selected a process of casting "T lneclmn""" ,0 ' BMey. where it i . TOoiiiii, nnllnntu In Ilia f.... r !.,.. . . whenco it Is taken by hand to bo made up into forms. lMCIC UPS. Thoso college mon nro vory slow, They seem to tnke their onso, Kor ovon when they grndtinto, They do It by degrees. Jonos How Is your boy doing at col logo? Hrown Splendid! getting high mnrks; tlrxt time he cumu burnt.- he had a plu with ''M mi It. Tho university lunohoon room Is growing In popularity pveryday. If you have not tried It, do so tho first tlmo you nro rushed. A Signal to kick No Thanksgiving re cess Comoll Wodow. If thuro Is any ono who should be "rapped In slumber," It Is tho mini who snores. Hnvo your tousorlal work done at Wes toruold's. You will got tho latest styl of Imlr out there. "Tommy, who was Joan of Aro?" asked the teacher. "Noah's wife," said Tom my, who Is eonsldorod great ut guessing. ways on hnnd nt tho Smith 1'romlor oillce, room 30 Ilounell block. Telephone 139. A young man who onoo f.wnllowod a drachm Of ltolson from enting a ham. Whon to him thoy said, "It will kill you quite dond," Ho replied, "Well, 1 don't give a dachm." Princeton Tiger. types In order ot their use, and of set ting typo Into Justified linos, nnd tho lines into a column, to bo subsequently separ ated Into pngos by hand. Tho greatest dimoulty encountered in all typo-Betting machines, Is tho problom of Justification of tho linos. This problom hns beon solved In this machine, by mak ing tho word-spaces typos of a variable thickness, nfter first determining, by an Ingenuous plan, tho thickness of tho word spaces requisite to mako each lino of flio Tho rapidity ot tho ribbon punching ina olilno dopondB on the skill of tho operator; but slnco the number of punching ma ohlnos nood not correspond with that of tho typo-castlng machines, tho rapidity with whloh the formor machine ls used has no direct bearing on that of the ma chine proper. An expert oporator can oaslly furnish ribbon in excess of the cap- Dr. S.E. COOK, practice limited to Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. 1 515 0 In the Equipment of a Student's Room It Is genornlly conceded that a stringed Instrument U almost nn absolute neces sity. Uo secure tho groatost enjoyment from the purchaso get the best your & money win afford. Export Judg- jiieni yronouncoB tho "Bay State" Instrument the finest In tho world. An excellent nstrumont Is tho Bay State $10.00 Banjo. We have in stock chenpor banjos than this, but for a substantial, serviceable Instrument, nt a low prloo, no other Instrument manu factured on II nnmnnro ...111, it ' .. ,w. .,'. v Willi 11. bond for Illustrated cutaloguo. John C. Haynes & Co., 53-lG3 Washington Street, Boston. N O HIM 13 8 T LINK OKNECK W 13 A R. TUB LAT13ST S II A P 13 S IN HATS. Till) IMC ST CLOTHINQINa ON 13 A It T II. ALL CUT IN PRICE. Actually below manufacturer's cost Wo must glvo up our storo Fobruary 1. BE WITH THE CROWDS. BROWNING, KING cfe CO T. J, THORPE & 00., Manufacturs of.. Rubber fc tamps, Seals, Stencils, Checks, Badges General Machine Work. Model Making and Plating. Bicycle work a specialty. 308 South 1 1th St. LINCOLN, NEIJK. Hutchins & Hyatt SI3L.L THE BEST GltADES OF ALSO WOOD AND KINDLING. 1010 O Street. Tolophono 225 C. EHLERS The Tailor.... utfs yieiele. fo rder. Cleaning nnd Itepalrlng also I low 126 So, lltli SI, Over WoliluniMiru's Cigar Ston- THE MODEL 316 s South Twelfth st' Meals 15 cts. DINING MALL Table Board $3... per Week. Meal Tickets, 21 Meals, 3. PC SPECIAL RHT6II Will be made to STUDENTS upon application. w t I I I I t's the Place.. You want to go to when you want to purchase magazines, periodicals, news papers and novels. Always on hand. Eleventh nnd O streets, Richards block. THE LINCOLN NEWS AGENCY, C. L. SPKNCKH, Mur. First-Class Barber Shop AND BATH ROOMS. Special ruto to students on baths-' baths for a dollar. m No. ink i W. A. MILLEU