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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 19, 1908)
mntwm i ,m &! ytsaiil . MMlJVfAflMMMC v LABOR VOTE POLITICS' BOGEY Lures Many Aspirants to Success or Defeat. By ERNEST McGAFFEY Ballot Cast by Toiler Is the One Most Soucht by the Schemer Expert Calls It ''Monkey- Mocn -shine." WHEN I was quite a lit tle boy en ray graudfa tbcr's farm in Ohio I was startled one night by a fear some apparition. The cows had de layed coming home until after dark, and ! hat been sent for them. Coniins home through the lane with them I was confronted with a fvewsorna appearance in the shape of a large round head star ing at me, with wide-open mouth and shining eyes, silent, menacing, and awe-inspiiing. I left the cows to their fate and ran home terror-stricken. And afterward, I was told that what I had seen was only a hollowed out pumpkin, with holes cut for eyes and mouth, and a lighted candle set in it to give the impression of a fla ming hohgohliu. The name given to this "scare-head" was "monkey-moonshine." Well, that's what the labor vote is in politics. I am with the labor end of it. be cause from the days of the pyramids to now. the men who work mainly with their hands have had to hold up "the heaviest end of the log." As a boy 1 worked at a factory bench with fac tory boys; and my playmates and companions for years in baseball, foot ball, hunting, lishing, fighting, skating, and other sports were boys who were very poor. Boys who are my friends to day. 1 learned what poverty really meant by my association with them, and my welcome in their homes. The poverty of the middle classes is often extremely mortifying to pride and comfort, but the poverty of the very poor is hell. And yet I say seriously, and without any possible prejudice, that the labor vote in politics, with rare exceptions. Is nothing more not less than "monkey-moonshine." True, this vote oc casionally elects a mayor in some of the cities, but these exceptions only prove the rule. And I will show you by the logic and reason of the situ ation, in America, that this is a fact. Politicians who will attempt to "demonstrate" that a candidate is eith er "strong" or "weak" by reason of the support or antagonism of this ele ment in politics are either knaves, or men who cannot see further than their own nosea. It is idle to call atten tion to what has been done in Europe by the leverage of the labor vote, for the conditions there are vitally dif ferent. The question of what "is" the labor vote, how it will be cast, and how far it can be depended on, has been a will-o-the-wisp which has lured many an aspiring politician into the quagmire of disappointment and de feat. It is, in its last analysis, a negligible quantity in the voting strength: that is, a quantity to be disregarded, as it stands at present. During the period of my active par ticipation in politics 1 lived in a "la- I Met the Labor Element at Every Meeting. bor" ward, and, although drawing a good salary as a city official, was not credited with being one of the "pred atory capital" class. During my term on the board of local improvements, when a dispute arose between the city and a branch of the labor union, and the dispute was referred to arbi tration, my name as a third arbitrator was chosen by the labor men them selves, after the city had picked out one man, and the union another; al though the dispute was directly one la which the board was concerned. What is this labor vote of which so much is current in the newspapers, and in the speeches of the politicians? Very well, then! The labor vote, you will grant, Is largely a vote of the cities and towns, particularly the man utacturing towns; and the votes of the miners. Here you have a voting strength wfcfch includes the well-informed and the Ignorant; the high and the low In the ranks of manual labor; the native-born American whose fore fathers fought at Bunker Hill, and the newly-arrived immigrant with his first papers taken out. and who does nnt yet know the language. Now then, are ! you going to solidify all these con flicting elements ino a rar-nn"'rvi5 , Concert That Failed. Hans Pfitzner, the composer of "The Rose in -the Garden of Love," says the "Munchener Neuesten Nachrichten," had a peculiar experience at Cologne, where be had arranged to give a song recital at one of the hotels. In his own account of the "concert that failed," written in rhyme, the com poser says: "Only two tickets were sold after much advertising and the display of many pictures." The pur chasers were his friends, who were prevented from being present When i and compact body of voting strength? Fou are, are you? How are you going to do it? The prejudices of the Euro pean emigrants date back further than the times of Romulus and Remus. Racial and religious differences, strengthened and cemented by wars of conquest and subjugation, have been drunk in with their mother's milk. Slav, Celt, Frank, Teuton, the Latin and Saxon, how sheer the wall which divides, how deadly bitter the old grudges which sSfll exist. Do you think to bring such conflicting opposite nat ures into a "happy family" of unified voters without taking into account all the ancient jealousies and racial and spiritual prejudices? As well attempt to "swim with fins of lead, or hew down oaks with rushes." My experience regarding- the labor vote began early In the game. I met the labor element at every meeting I attended in my city. Tney attended political meetings where the "busi ness" men regularly "side-stepped" such affairs. They naturally looked on a speaker who addressed such meet ings, if a salaried politician, as a man who was there for the purpose of "holding his job;" and they took very little, If any, stock in his protesta tions. If the man whom he was talk ing for was one who had "made good" in their estimation, so far as fairness to labor was concerned, they agreed with the speaker in his commenda tions of such a man. But they did not believe that a well-dressed profes sional man could really have any in timate knowledge of their lives or their ambitions, nor entertain any genuine sympathy with them in their struggles; so that any views of the speaker In that line generally fell on barren ground. And that suggests, as a corollary, the proposition that the "uplift" of the labor element must come from the ranks of the laboring man himself. Men like Buskin and Edward Morris in England, men like Phelps-Stokes and Ernest Crosby in America have endeavored honestly to better condi tions for the laboring man. and have failed because of a chasm-like differ ence In einironment which precluded the possibility of an intelligent and sympathetic joining of forces. The labor vote in the cities is in dustriously angled for, and is not sel dom made the means of an advance ment to office, as far as the labor vote happens to apply, of some demagogue whose sympathy for labor is wholly fictitious. The labor element is also preyed upon by treacherous members of its own ciass, who use their official positions in the union for their own selfish personal aims. And yet at last this element, and whatever political cohesion it can ultimately command, must depend on its own people for ad vancement. Labor's chief hope must lie in national enactments of laws, and yet labor cuts the least figure in the election of the men who go to Wash ington. Concerted opposition of labor to men who liave been against it, has almost always resulted disastrous ly. The men who seek congressional honors are not yet afraid of the labor vote, except in possible instances in some large city where the district is largely a labor district But ordi narily, as has been shown in several late instances, the labor fights on members of congress have been fail ures. And right here I wish to call at tention to a subtle undercurrent of politics which comes In when these "labor" fights are inaugurated. The timid and conservative voters of a party which may have the support of labor against an opposition candidate are very apt to shift their votes and "plump" them for the opposition can didate just because they fear the ef fect of a possible labor victory; or a victory where labor might claim to have been the means of winning. Curi ous, isn't it? But this has been proved so often that it is almost axiomatic. Labor has not yet gained the confi dence of the conservative or the timid business element, and they would rather have its enmity than its sup port. The future of the labor vote would seem to be most advantageous where it attached itself to the "right party," where it stood no show of electing its own representative. Which party? Either of the two dominant parties that puts up a candidate who represents honestly a "square deal" to all men. Sometimes this may be one party, sometimes another. "Prin ciples, not men." used to be the old war-whoop. It isn't worth its salt as a maxim. The best set of principles in the world can be ignored by any man who wishes to disregard them. The worst platform a political party ever wrote can be shelved by a man who has the nerve to do It. Men. not principles, should be the bugle-call. And things are trending that way. The labor vote in the cities is popu larly supposed to favor the Demo cratic party. Well, at a recent presi dential election, every ward in my city except possibly one, went one way; the most awful landslide in the city's political history. Wards which were counted on for thousands in favor of the Democratic ticket went the other way. And labor wards "didn't do a thing" to the Democratic ticket And after the election our down-town organization held a meet ing. And "Billy" Brennan, shrewd politician, and brainy, opened the ball with some such remarks as these: "I'm glad to see so many smiling faces here to-day. I want to congrat ulate this organization and the coun try on the victory we have won. The Republicans put up a Democrat, and the Democrats put up a Republican, and the Democrat won." Applause. Intellicent labor wants nothing more than a "square djal." Convince them that a man is fcr them, and they will vote for him But ignorant and prejudiced labor. like Ignorant and VVMW all hopes as to audience had failed he asked to have supper served in the empty concert room. But, instead of allowing him to take the meal in "grand solitude," the lights were turned out, and so was he. "At my next concert," he says, "I shall act as accompanist for songs by Olga Moll tor. Dr. Hau will turn the music and Kuno Moltke will sing." London's Factory Girls. There are 200,000 factory girls In London. groove, cannot be brought Or cce Its own interests against its prejudices. Ignorance is a force which cannot be intelligei-.ly applied. The leverage of the labor vote will not be a vital force in this country until the bulk of its forces got nearer together in the way of a dismissal of racial, religious and social differences. An engineer getting a salary of $200 or $250 a month does he consider the "section-hand" or "track-walker" who gets out of his way as his equal? A man who gets maybe $30 or $40 a month, and handles a pick or shovel!. I don't say that he doesn't but does he? Is that average human nature? Another thing that helps suppress the strength of the labor vote as to a free expression is the bread-and-butter question, the "full-dinner pail" ar gument Can you blame men for giv ing in to this cry? I don't! Suppose the head of a factory or plant says he will have to "shut down" if a cer tain man Isn't elected. The employe may reason to himself: "It doesn't " Ran Home Terror-Stricken. make any difference to me who's elected, but if this plant shuts down I lose my job. If I lose my job I'm on the street" To expect him to "as sert the God-given right of the fran chise," as some orators put it, is to expect him to ignore the rule that "self-preservation is the first law of nature." You can't hand that "poppy cock" to a man with a wife and fam ily depending on him for their exist ence. I don't mean for their comfort, I mean literally for their existence. A certain judge In our city was up for re-election. He had hit labor's head every time it appeared before him. He had earned the title of the "Injunction Judge." He was a re spected and reputable citizen, a man of blameless private life. But he did not decide in favor of labor unions. I am not impugning his motives nor his integrity. And the supreme court af firmed his decisions. Our party made extraordinary ef forts to beat this man. Circulars call ing attention to his decisions were cir culated among the laboring element. The labor unions had representatives among every class and race calling attention to these decisions, and his attitude toward the labor unions. Good speakers, without in anjr way stooping to abuse or unfairness, showed the la bor element that this particular jur ist, if re-elected, could reasonably be expected to drive a nail into labor's coffin every time he had an opportu nity. There was no difficulty in the way of labor "plumping" its solid vote against this particular candidate, for all that was necessary was to put a cross In the ring in front of the oppo sition candidate. Day in and day out, week in and week out the campaign was steadily waged against this man. It was not simply because of his party; nor be cause his decisions had sent men to cells for what they believed was exer cising the right to privileges guaran teed them by the state constitution and the constitution of the United States. These men may have ex ceeded their rights. The supreme court of the state said they did. Let it go at that! But he was a candidate we wanted to beat, and his adversary was an entirely reputable lawyer, standing as high in the estimation of the com munity as our antagonist The day of election came and the judge we were trying to defeat, with the aid of the labor vote in addition to our own strength, was triumphant ly elected. The "labor" vote did notl materialize. It was voted, all right, for the registration did not disclose any great array of "stay-at-homes." But the labor vote did not throw Its strength against the man who had so often decided against it in his court room. If labor had gone solidly against him, no possible defection from our strict party rank3 wouid have saved him, for the labor vote, so far as numbers was concerned, would have overwhelmed him. There are two sides to this granting of injunctions, you know. Both great parties are now getting out state plat forms protesting against the abuse of this power. But suppose we say. for the sake of argument purely, that this judge was absolutely right In every de cision that he made. Even if this were admitted (which I deny) he was a judge whom labor had every reason in the world to wish to retire to pri vate life. Take it from me, with my sympathy always with the labor element as an entirety (because it has the hardest low to hoe), that the "labor vote" and all this plfHe about the "labor vote" is the merest "monkey-moonshine." EPwXKST M'G HFBY. . fr-nnvrl-ljf. UTS. 1V 1 ' r. T . Kings in Exile. In the Philadelphia directory for 1785 is the following entry: "Dor leans Messrs., Merchants, near 100 South Fourth street" These were Louis Philippe, afterward king of France, and two of his brothers, who lived at the northwest corner of Fourth and Princes streets. Exhaustion Overcomes Grief. Time is the great comforter of grief, but the agency by which it works Is exhaustion. Landon. IPdDir the 2Pcc3?! Wading Porch Parties. These August days demand strictly outdoor functions', if entertainments given In this manner may be called by that formal name. Instead of having the customary method of conducting a fish party by guessing the names written on slips of paper, a hostess j did this at a recent party: There was a large rug on the piazza supposed to represent the sea. It was covered with stiff paper fish folded slightly through the middle. There was a brass ring in the head and the name of the fish wa3 written underneath. Each guest was given a small hook and line, and each one was given the name of a fish. There was "Miss Cod," "Mr. Shark," etc. There was a time limit, and each person could retain only the fish bearing his or her name; all oth ers had to be returned to the water in good condition. There was the jolliest kind of a time. This is a fine scheme for chil dren, and a globe of gold fish might be one prize. The following game is not exactly new, for there have been flower con tests galore, but this list is an unusual ly good one. Here are the questions and answers: 1. Tell a bird to get up In the morning. 2. What flower is most precise? 3. Tell a little boy to cry. using his name. 4. A sweet, and another name for patch. 5. A rich man. G. The Scotch word for "inability." 7. A means of transportation and a kind of people. 8. A bird and an aid to a rider. 9. What might a certain domestic animal do in winter? 10. A wild animal and part of a lady's wearing apparel. 11. A word of farewell. 12. A Christmas decoration and a German word. 13. What foreign nobleman like to do. 14. A flower with a commercial value. 15. What might a man say to his sweet-heart in a fog? The answers are: 1. wakerobin; 2, primrose ; 3. balsam; 4, candytuft; 5. aster; 6, cunna; 7, carnation; 8, lark spur; 9, cowslip; 10. foxglove; 11, forget-me-not; 12, hollyhock; 13, mari gold; 14, stocks: 15, love-in-a-mist Flowers in .pots, Japanese ferns (they need no water), or flower-shaped pins are all appropriate for prizes. Second Wedding Anniversary. The paper wedding marks the sec ond year of wedded life, and it may be made a very pretty affair. Paper is so decorative when used with ar tistic skill. There is almost no limit to the possibilities of decoration. The invi tations are issued in the usual way with the date of the original wedding. Choose whatever color is desired, then make shades for all the gas jets and lamps, cover flower pots and jardl- FOR THE With the hot-weather season the the indoors and outdoors, comes in some attention snomu ue puiu iu us tumisuiug. For the furniture of the veranda one of the best materials is the light and nummery wicker. The main difficulty in choosing the material is the ugliness of so many of the styles shown in the shops. Probably more ugly furniture is made of reed and wicker than of any other medium. There are certain shapes to be found, however, that are good in design as well as comfortable. Many of the most attractive foreign models are being duplicated in this country in the less expensive grade, and there are also dig nified native designs, showing that good taste and simplicity can be obtained in this kind of furniture. In these models the less complicated system of weaving and the metal-tipped foot are used in place of the tortuous curis and braids and the bulbous foot. Two attractive wicker pieces are shown in the drawing a settee and a table both of excellent design. The wicker furniture must be simple and agreeable in outline, and with its cushioned seats is very comfortable. A long seat or bench placed along the wall is very comfortable if well provided with pillows, or a swinging seat or hammock may be substituted. Flower boxes give an opportunity for a brilliant massing of color, and the flowers should be selected with regard to their coloring. x To Keep -the Ecru Tone. The ecru tone that is so desirable in net blouses and curtains just now must not be confounded with dirt. While this tint is more serviceable than white, washing is soon neces sary. After washing bleaching Is inevit able unless means are taken to pre serve the creaminess. This can be done in several ways. The easiest Is to rinse the net in water to which saffron has been added until the de sired shade is obtained. Dip a small piece of net or muslin into the tawny water as a test before putting In the bigger articles, or the work of washing may have to be done over again. Hay water Is used to preserve the creamy tone. The hay is boiled and left to cool in fresh water. Strain It before using. Soak the lace or net thoroughly to remove most of the dirt before washing in the hay colored water.- Sleeves in Summer Dresses. "How shall I make the sleeves of my late summer dresses and waists?" Is the cry of almost ever) woman who H(Qtt: AOTlvsr&ry, &s?3 nieres and make portieres and draper ies of three-inch strips of crepe paper Fancy Japanese parasols, fans, doilies and wall-panels may be used with good effect; also paper napkins and table covers. Use paper flowers as garlands and bouquets. Paper, cases for holding bonbons, ices and salads, and even the tumblers may be covered with dainty frills of paper. For favors, the largest size snap ping motto caps are appropriate ar decorative. Pile them in the center of the table, attached to ribbons to be drawn out by the guests. If the host and hostess as well as the truest a. are attired in earments ' of paper 'so much the merrier. If this can be carried out pass booklets in which will be written down what char acter each one is supposed to repre sent. A prize of paper may be awarded. The shops are so full of paper novelties that the hostess will be able to give each one a souvenir. One hostess on this occasion made darling little baskets by braiding crepe paper and placed a tiny fern in each one. Making hats out of crepe paper is a good stunt for a party of this kind. A Practical Shower. A prospective autumn bride has just been the recipient of a "shower" that was not only very acceptable, but did not tax the pocketbooks of the guests. which, I assure you, Is quite an im portant item in these days of elab orate and costly affairs that often pre cede weddings'. The guests, who were all close friends of the bride-to-be, were each asked to bring a "jar" or "glass" of "something" as best suited their con venience. "Thimbles" was also writ ten on the card. So all came prepared to sew. The hostess had provided ma terials for all sorts of kitchen towels and dust cloths, which were all hemmed and in neat piles by the time refreshments were served. Besides home-made jellies, marma lades, cans of fruit, pickles of all kinds, there was a jar or two of imported ginger, and even peanut butter. The contributions for the emergency shelf were presented in the dining room at the table and caused much amusement, as nearly every articlo was accompanied by the recipe, a merry jingle, or a terse bit of advice. MADAME MERRI. Pearl Jewelry. With so many of the all-white cos tumes, I noticed the great amount of pearl jewelry that was worn. The flat variety, made to represent scales, with necklaces, ornaments for the front of corsage, and for fasteners of scarfs, were most lovely. Swung on tiny sil ver chains, and just enough not to make a vulgar display, flat pearls are a great success. There is nothing quite so pretty in the way of jewelry for summer as something that looks cool and colorless, and then these pearls go well with any costume. From a Paris Letter. VERANDA veranda, having the advantages of both for much service, and on this account ' still has some of her summer sewing to do. Despite the fact that fashion able modistes predicted long Bleeves for every style gown, the women have absolutely refused to give up the el bow sleeve, which is so cool, comfort able, and dainty besides being coquet tish and pretty. In the street cos tumes the sleeves are long, but in all the summer dresses and lingerie waists the short sleeve still is the only one to be seen. The sleeves are ! a great deal smaller this year than i they were last. A Silver Watch-Holder. A new wrinkle for the toilet table is the watch-holder, made like a picture frame. It is of sterling silver and the watch fits into the opening, where it Is clamped into place, so, when the watch is not in use by the woman herself, there is a pretty and useful clock on the dresser. One Reason for Bachelorhood. Occasionally a man remains in the bachelor class because he is skeptical i as to the ability of a woman to support I him. ' i wrm nnn a It pays to raise good fruit Lime should be freely used in and about the hen house. If you would be a hero in your wife's eyes, keep the wood box full. Sun and lice will demand a heavy toll of the careless poultryman. Give the pigs the chance and they will turn more waste on the farm into profit than any other animal. The toes of sheep have to be trimmeii in order to keep the hoofs from urling and then breaking off unevenly. If they have not sufficient shade and plenty of good fresh water, the hens will suffer from the heat and turn you down on the egg yield. In picking a team mate for the colt select the one with the fastest walking gait Almost impossible to break him of a slow walk if once ac quired. If you do not use an incubator but depend upon hens for hatching your eggs remember and save over the hens that have proved themselves good mothers this year. The farmer should be good citizen enough to be interested in the poli tics of his township and county. Have high ideals for your community and then do your best to bring them to pass. On the farm is not out of the na tion. The farmer must be citizen as well as farmer. If the nation is to be safe. Keep In touch with the trend of events, local, state and national, and always let your influence be felt on the side of the right. There should be a closer association between the dairymen in the ship ping of their supplies ..o the city. But to succeed such an organization must be as jealous for the interest of the consumers of these products as for the interests of the people that produce the milk. A sign of beginning sunstroke is In dicated in the horse by flagging steps and unsteady gait Don't delay. Gut him in the shade, unhitch at once and apply cold water to the head and neck, and rub with coarse cloths. Sponge the mouth out witli cold water, also. Quinine Injected, -10 or more grains to the dose, will also help. The tobacco cure for parasites in Iambs has been demonstrated by ex periments to bo the most effective treatment. In fact it has been demon strated that tobacco is a good pre ventative for worms in the first place and is hostile to their development after they are started. The physical construction of the lamb is so complex that It is not an easy matter to apply a remedy for all his troubles so it is generally easier to prevent than to cine. The old advice of changing pas ture often is the safest plan to follow. This is the time of the year when the worms begin to do considerable harm and when you see the lamb begin to run down and lore his frisky habits ycu may be pretty sure the worm has got him. A remedy applied in time may save considerable trouble and loss. What are the qualifications of a good hired man? Is he prompt in getting up early in the morning? Does he attend strictly to business? Does he take an active interest in his work? rs ne a good caretaker of stock? Does he get out at night to look after stock when necessary? Has he any bad habits? If so, what? Does he take good care of the farm machinery? Does he show a disposition to show little acts of courtesy about the house or barn which are not required, but which indicate a thoughtful and help- f ful spirit? Is he worth more than the ordinary man? If so, how much more? Is he agreeable to get along with? Has he shown executive abil ity Can you recommend him as a proper person to manage or superin tend a farm? And now, to ask a ques tion of the farmer himself: What are you doing to help him acquire all these good points? Here is a method of raising early potatoes practiced by a successful truck gardener which you can try next season. Cut it out and put it in your scrapbook for future reference. He makes some boxes that are six inches deep and the size of a hot-bed sash. The sides are made long enough for handles, so that two men can carry them. In the early spring he cuts some sod3 about two incne3 square ana nus ine uouom or tne Doxes witn these, grass down. On each sod he places a piece of a seed potato, and then he covers them with coarse horse manure. These boxes he sets out in the sun with a sash over them, and when the ground is warm enough, takes the boxes into the field and lifts the sod and potatoes together and places them in the trench just as he would place the seed potatoes. The potatoes, when set out, have a good root and about one inch of top, and don't stop growing when placed in the ground; hj Jiis method he gains about four weeks. The plants are grown in boxes for about a month be- fore the ground Is warm enough to transplant Water sprouts should be kept cat out. Don't delay longer the marketing of the old surplus stock. Dip for the ticks. Sheep infested cannot be fitted for market. Know your commission man before consigning him a shipment of goods. Cows that are permitted sometimes forced to drink stagnant water will give stringy or ropy milk. Plow the poultry runs. It will make them look better and will give the hens new ground to scratch in. Clean cool water at this time of year is needed by all kinds of farm stock, if they would keep in prime condition. In picking out the hens that are to bo sent to market be sure that you get the ones that will no longer prove profitable to you. The irritable man makes a poor driver of horses, for his ill temper makes the horses nervous and he is never able to get the best work out of them. The Indiana couple whose friends made them presents of live poultry on their wedding day ought to feel that they have a calling to the poultry-raising profession. One farmer who has had trouble with mud wallows around his hog troughs and who had tried clay and sand without effect used sawdust as a last resort and found it worked ex cellently. Get a Rabcock tostcr and ascertain the quality of your cream. The gov ernment will send you a pamphlet ex plaining all about the machine if you will write to the department of agri culture at Washington. Sometimes sheep get deep wounds in which after a time maggots hatched from the eggs of flies find lodgment In such case inject kerosene to drive out the maggots. Troat every day until the wound is healed. High time that the flock was sorted over, the wethers being penned to gether and fed liberally for market, and the breeding stock put by itself and fed with a view of obtaining a strong, healthy progeny next season. The poultry interests of the farm are growing. Time was a few years ago when the farmer was content to market five dollars' worth of eggs a month, now he thinks nothing of ship ping 60 cases a week, and he counts it a sort of pick up. About the best thing you can do with your common stock rams is to sell them. Then add a little more to the selling price and go off and buy a full bred animal to head your flock for the coming year. It may seem like extravagance at the time but you will see the wisdom of it as you look over the lamb crop of next year. Turn the tarm waste and neglected spots into wood lots where you can grow your own posts, poles, fences and saw logs. It is decidedly worth while to keep all of the farm at work. The owner pays taxes on all his land, and is out of pocket for whatever is not earning him something. Further, by growing a tree crop on land that is too poor to plow the quality of the land itself is improved. Forests add humus to the soil, bettering its char acter. Here is a recipe for salting meat which has proved satisfactory: For 100 pounds of meal take ten quarts of faltpeter; one pound of pepper and two pounds of yellow sugar. Mix well, put in a tub or some suitable vessel, and then apply tho mixture well to the meat. Care should bo taken to apply it thoroughly in the cracks and around the edges. After the meat has taken all the salt pos sible, hang It up and powder it with powdered borax. Then smoke the meat This is said to be the most successful method of salting meat there is. both from a standpoint of purity and flavor. Where hay is stacked in the field a hay derrick is almost a necessity. You '.an make one for yourself as follows: Get a main pole about 45 feet long. Plant on a heavy plank that Is pegged to the ground, and run from the top of the pole three guy ropes and fasten to stakes 15 to 20 yards distant The boom for the top is made of a pole about 15 feet long and is hinged to a metal band on the upright pole at about ten feet from the top. A heavy rope about 12 feet long secures the outer end of the boom to the top of the main pole. The hay fork Is attached by pulleys placed at the upper end of the boom at the point where this meets the main pole and at the base of it By locating this derrick between two foundations two stacks can be built without moving It A fine way to use this derrick is to draw shocks of hay near to the base of the stack with a drag rope and lift them directly on to the stack which avoids loading on the wagon. The docking of Iambs should bo done when they are from a week to three days old. There are three meth ods of docking. Tho most common is the jack knife method. In- this the only Instrument Is a sharp jack knire the operator taking the tail in his left hand, pulling it firmly while with the knife in his right he makes a quick, strong downward motion, sever ing the tail. This method is not only crude but cruel, for the tail is usually partially broken off. However, it has the advantage of speed. A modifica tion and improvement of this method is found in the use of a block and chisel, but this is wholly impracticable on the range. The best method of all. however, and really the only one to be recommended. Is the use of shears manufactured especially for that pur pose. These shears are heated to a red heat and in clipping the Udl off they so completely sear the wound that no bleeding results. This like wise prevents the likelihood of any Infection. t ff Li w& i a I