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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 16, 1891)
Ti o i ,- . V o e- .: KT.9 x .-, :". r , -. 3( 'c-v' WHOLE NUMBER 1127. VOLUME XXH.-NUMBER 35. COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA, WEDNESDAYDECEMBER 16, 189. joidM m . . . ,. : , ---- ' J I I II ' "''"'N.1. .... ? r . . o o 'n - .. o o o J ft o o a i o o o o o 3 o o o .? 'o o 0 o oo o o oo Oo THE OLD RFJiTABTiTi Columbus State Banli (Oldest Bask In the etatej Pays Merest on Time Deposits AND Mfc Loans on Real Estate. ISSUES BIGHT DBAFTS OJf Omaha, Ckicage, New York ami all Foreism Coamtriea SELLS STEAMSHIP TICKETS BUYS GOOD NOTES And.Eelps Its Customers -when they Meed Helm OFFICERS ATJD DIRECTORS : fXiNDEIt GEIHtAKD, Pwidfnt IU IL JIENItY. Vico-1 'resident, JOHN 8TAUFFEK, Cashier. II. imUGGKlt U. W. HULST. COURCML BANK, OP COLUMBUS, NEB. HAS AN Aot&orizgLl Capital of $590,000 Paid is Capita 90,000 OFFICERS s C. H. flHEMXKJ.rrca't. il r. jl OEnrmcH, viec-rres't. C. A. NEW 1 AN. Cashier. DANIEL 3CUUAM. Ass't Cash. STOCKHOLDERS : C. H. Sheldon, J. P. Becker, Herman P. ILOehlrlcn, Cnrl Blonlio, Jon is Welch. W. A Mo Wlistor. J. Uenrv Wurdotnnn. Goaro W. Galley, Fiank Itorer. Uonry Loseke, IL M. "Wmslow, 8. C. Grov, Arnold lJI. Oelilrlc. Gerhard Eoscko. CTTtank of 4postt ; interest allows,! on tlmo deposits; buy ena sell exchange m United State and Knrcpo, and buy mid sell available accuritios. Wo shall bo ideaRrd to Ttcolvo your basineat. Wo solicit your patronage. I6leca7 j. DUSSEZ.!,; SKAUS -A a ca PUMPS KEFATRED ON SHORT N0TI03. OIlV ft., ntsriy oppoilt Post-cffie. Judicious Advertisifig Creates many a new business, Enlarges many an old business, Revives' many a dull business, Rescues many a lost business, Saves many a failing business, Preserves many a large business, 'Secures success in any business. H. Mti a saan of lTis and we add thai Isijciaas adterueins, for this sectioa of country. UaM THE JOURNAL As of the aaeciam. becsste it i rad by th? beat people, those who Ircow xehst they want unr pay for wbat they cot. We cb!Ienjco ccmrsritOL with any nntry pnper ia the world in tlu k epest twenty years pnblishini? by the aino fcaanapement, and neter on dnn to rsbscrihor pabliabed in Tire Joccnau TbM, letter thw: anythinn else, fehowa the clasa o! people who read TuJocaxALercry week. tf $5 JISIOJJH TAgaRtoWaat.! cacoLiiBla ijm ftinurt aaftty Krta m iwm to tot4T taw. Ewy Sana avacr ? ftcm I C. Uaa PATENTS . . . ti , , ,fa afc-ada-f ' ""J- gBtrfcJSttSSaefyaaS lEiTjSCfSawia. or pbetaCwiA 'P; silsw trftfieJC patentSla c not, fre of AaMaaclaia Patents," with refer jaasTtoMtaal eUasrfis la year state, cosxty ci THE MESSAGE WAsmsGTOX, D. G, Dec. 9. Presi dent Harrison sent the following mes cao to Congress: To the Senate and House of Represen tatives: The reports of the heads of the several executive departments required by law to be submitted to me, which re herewith transmitted, and t&4 report of the secretary of the treasury and the at torney general, made directly to congress, furnish a comprehensive view of the ad ministrative work of the last fiscal year relating to international affairs. It would be of great advantage if these reports could have an attentive perusal by every member of congress and by all who take an interest in public affairs. Such a pe rusal could not fail to excite a higher ap preciation of the vast labor and conscien tious efforts which are given to the eon duct of our civil administration. The re ports will, I believe, ahow that every ques tion has been approved, considered and decided from the standpoint of publio duty, and "upon considerations affecting the public interests alone. Again, I invite to every branch of tho service the atten tion and scrutiny of congress. STATE DEPARTMENT. Relations With Chile it Little Strained Mlalster Eagon lrfntl?tl. The work of the state department dur ing the last year has been characterized by an unusual number of important nego tiations and by diplomatic results of a notable and highly beneficial character. Among these are the reciprocal trade ar rangements, which have been concluded in the exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 of the tariff law with the repub lic of Brazil, with Spain for its Wctt India possessions and with Sau Domingo. Like negotiations with othsr couutrics have been much advanced, and it is hoped that before the close of the year further defl nitc trade arrangements of great value will be concluded. Ucrlng: Bca Dtapute. In view of the reports which had been received as to the diminution of the seal herds in the Bcriug sea, I deemed it wise to propose to her majesty's government in February last that an agreement for a closed season should be made pending the negotiations for arbitration, which then seemed to be approaching a favorable conclusion. After much correspondence and delays for which this government was not responsible, an agreement was reached and signed on the 15th day of June by which Great Britain undertook, from that date until May 1, 1893. to prohibit the kill ing by her subjects of seals in the Bering sea, and the government of the United States during the sr.mc period to enforce its existing prohibition n;riust pelagic scaling and to limit the catch by the fur seal company upon the bdands to 7,500 skins. If this agreement could have been reached earlier, in response to the strenuous cmlcuvors of this government, it would have boon more effective but coming as late as it did, tt mi'ue.stionably resulted in greatly diminishing the de struction of the seals by the Canadian sealers. In my last annual message, I stated that the basis of the arbitration with her majesty's government for the adjustment of the long standing controversy concern ing the seal iUhetics is not acceptable. I am t,'lad now to be able to announce that terms satisfactory to this government have been agreed upon and that an agree ment as to the arbitrators is all that is necessary to tho completion of the conven tion. In'view of tiie advanced position which this g 'verni'ent has taken upon the subject of international arbitration, this renewed expression of cur adherence to this method for the sclt'csocnt of disputes, Buch as have ni:cn in the Bering sea case will, I doubt not, meet with the concur rence of congrc-s. Provision should be made for a joint deuTrcation of tho frontier line between Canada and the United States, whenever required by tho incrcasiug border settlements, and especially for the cast location of the water boundaries of the straits and rivers. I should have been clad to announce ble disposition cf l':c bound- some favorabl nry dispute between Great B-stain and Venezuela, touchinir the vc tern f rontior of British Guiana, but the friendly cforls of the United States in that direction have thus far been unavailing. This government will continue tocxpicss it concern at any appearance of foreign encroachment on territories long under the administrative control of American states, j he tleter mination of a dUputcd boundary is easily attainable by amicable American arbitra tion, where the riirhii of the re-ective parties rest as her.; on Li&torical facts readily ascertainab.c. Meat Inrp-ctlon. The law of the lrst conrrrss providing a system of inspection for cur meats in tended for export, and clothing the presi dent with power to exclude foreign prod ucts from our market in c:ise the country seuding them ahonld perpetuate unjust discriminations against ny pre d :ct of the United States, placed this government in a position to effectively ur;re the leraoval of such discriminations acniuet our meats. It is gratifying to be able to Mate that Germany, 'Denmark, Ilalv, Austria and France, in the order named, have opened their porta to inspected American po-k products. The removal of these restriction' ia every instance was asked for and given solely upon the ground that we had now provided a meat inspection that hhouM be j-ceepted as adequate to the ciuap'cte removal of the dangers, real or fancied, which had been previously urged. The htate. department, our ministers abroad, aud'the secretary of agriculture have co-operated with uiifir.ggiiiT and in telligent seal for the accomplishment of this great result. The outlines of an agreement have been reached with Germany, looking to equita ble trade concessions in cnr.s.ideraiion of the continued free imnoitatio-i of her su gars, but the time hn not yet arrived when this correspondence can be sub mitted to congress. Thettraxll Kp'sode. The recent political disturbances in the republic oi iirazii uave ci-cuc.t rcgrc. ana; scjs jn t;C i,ari,or of Valparaiso and to solicitude. The information we possessed . rcsideut foreign ministers at Santiago was too meager to enable us to form a sat- ! for asvium. 'ibis asvlumwas freely give.i, isfactory judgment of the causes leading' ocoldinsr to niv information, by the to the temporarv assumption of supreme r.av!ll vessels of several foreign pow power by 1 resident Fonseea. but this gov-i crs ar,j bv several of the legations eminent did not fail to exprcs ; to him its at Santiago. The American r.iin- nnXlOUS SOlIClluuu u. mt "vjv. ", , : -s i ...i r .v.. -... -.. f iim.ii and for the maintenance t.f the free politi cal institutions which had recently been established there, nor to offer our advice that great moaeraion should be ooscrved in t.sc cinsn of parties and the contest for leadership These counsels were received ia the most friendly spirit, and the latest information ( js not n a position, in view of the urcced is that constitutional government has-rents jn vrbich it has been connected, to been re-estabii'hed without bloodshed. Srw Orleans i,yrirli':S The lvnchinff at New Orleans, in March last, oi eleven men or itai.au ...n-y . -. a decided protest, and it was vcrv gratifv Biob of citizens was a moj.tdrp.oraolc and.. , tb , nnfrJcnrtlv. measures. T- t . . , discreditable incident It did cot how ever, have its origin in any general ani mosity to the Italian people, cor in any disrespect to the government of Italy, with which cur relations wc-e of the most friendly character. The fu.-y o the mob was directed against these jacn as the opposed participants or accessaries of the murder of a city cfSccr. I do not allude to this as mitigating ib-'-ar.y degree this offense against lave- aij$; humanity. Tout only as affecting taeiildternstional questions which grew out of it It was represented by the Italian minister that several of those whose lives had been taken by the mob wem Italian subjects. and a demand was made for the punish ment of the participants and for an in demnity to the families of those who'l were killed. It u to be regretted that the manner in which these claims were presented, was not such as to pro mote a calm discussion of the questions Involved, but, this may well be attributed to the excitement and indignation which the crime naturally evoked. i he views of this government, as to its obligations to foreigners domiciled here, were fully stated in bt correspondence, as well as its purpose to. mate an investigation of . whether there were present any circum- stances xnai couia, under such rules of duty as we had Indicated. Create ah bbli Ratlon upon the United States The tem porary absence ttf a minister pTcnibotcn nry at this capital has retarded the fur ther Correspondence-, bu't it Is not doubted that a friendly conclusion is attainable. Some Stnhristions irrowiur out of this utahaVipy incident are worthy the attention ot congress. It would, I believe, be en-1 tircly competent for congress to make offenses against the treaty rights of for eigners domiciled in the United States cognizable in the federal courts. This has not, however, been done, and the fed eml 'officers and courts have no power in Such cases to intervene either for the protection of a fort cign citizen, or for the punishment of his slayers. It seems to me to foHuVr.In this state of law that the bfllters of the state, charged with police and judicial powers in such cases, must in the consid eration of international questions growing out of such incidents be regarded in such sense as federal agents as to make this government answerable for their acts in cases where it would be answerable if th2 United States had Urged its Constitutional power to define and punish crimes against treaty rights. The Chtleaa War. The civil war in Chile, which began in January last, was continued, bi fortun ately with infrequent niiti not important armed colH-,lcns until August 28, when the congressional forces landed near Val paraiso, and after a bloody engagement captured that city. President Balmaccda at once recognized that his cause was lost, and a provisional government was speed ily established by the victorious party. Our minister was promptly directed to recognize and put himself in cemmuuica tian x'ith this government So soon as it should have established a de facto char acter, Which was done. During the pendency of this civil contest frequent in direct appeals wcro made to this government to extend belligerent rights to the insurgents, and to give audience to their representative. This was declined, and that policy was pursued throughout which this govern ment, when wrenched by civil war, so sticnuously insisted upon on tho part of European nations. ItHtt Incident. The Itata, an armed vessel commanded by a naval ofiicer of the insurgent fleet, manned by its sailors and with soldiers on board, was seized under process of the United States court at .Ban Diego, CnL, and for a violation of one neutrality laws. While in the custody of ah ofiicer of the court the vessel was forcibly wrested from his control and put to sea. It would have been inconsistent with the dignity and self-respect of this government not to have insisted that the Itata should be re turned to San Diego to abide the judgment of the court. This was so clear to the junta of tho congressional party estab lished at Iquique that before the arrival of the Itata at that port the secretary of foreign relations of tne provisional gov ernment addicsscd Rear Admiral Brown, commanding the United States naval forces, a communication, from whicli the following is an extract: "The provisional government has learned by the cablegrams of the Associated Press that tho traus- Eort Itata. detained in San Diego y order of the United States for taking on board munitions of war, and in posses sion of the marshal, left the port, carrying on board this ofticial, who was landed at a point near the coast, and then continued her voyage. If this news be correct this government would deplore the conduct of the Itata, and as an evidence that it is not disposed to support or agree to the infrac tion of the laws of the United States, the undersigned takes advantage of tho per sonal relations vou have been good enough to maintain with him since your arrival in this port to declare to you that as noon as she is within reach of our orders his gov ernment will put the Itata, with the arms and munitions she took on beard in San Diego, at the disposition of the United States." A trial in the district court of the United Stales for the southern district of Cali fornia Has recently resulted in a decision holding, among other things, that, inas much as the congressional party bad not been recognized as a beligercnt power, the acts done In its interest could not be a violation of our neutrality laws. From this judgment the United States has ap pealed, not that the condemnation of the vessel is a matter of importance, but that we may know what is the ' present state or our law ' struction of the : statute present state of our laws, for, if this con- is correct, mere n obvious necessity for revision and amend ment. During the progress of the war In Chile, this government tendered its good offices to bring about a peaceful adjustment, and it was at one time hoped that a good re sult might be reached, but, in this we were disappointed. The instructions to our naval officers and to onr minister at San tiago, from the first to the last of this struggle, enjoined upon them the most ini- ! partial treatment, and absolute non-inter ference. I am satishci! that these instruc tions were observed and that our icpre sentatives were always watchful to use their influence impartially in the interest of humanity, and on more than cue occa sion, did so effective! v. V.'c could not forget, however, that this j government was in diplomatic relations ! with the then established government of I Chile, as it is now in such rotations with ' the successor of that government. I am quito sure that President Mor.tt, who has, under circumstances that prom ise peace for Chile, been installed as president of that republic will not desire that in the unfortunate event of any revolt against his authority the policy of this government should be other than which we have recently ob served. , Ejran Defended. No official complaint of the conduct of I our minister or of our naval officers during the struggle has been presented to t'r.l-t government, and it is a matter of regret that so many of our own people should give ear to unofficial charges and com plaints that manifestly bad their origm m :ir or.giu in P?-n"Cf.Vi nval interests and in a wisn to relations of the United States Ki;:lit or Asy!n:n. The collanse of the government of Bal- mnoeda brought about a condition which is unfortunately too familiar in the histoiry of the Central and South American states. With the overthrow of the Balmaeedaa government he and many of his counsel- ors and officers became at once fugitives for their lives and appealed to the com- ; r.ianding ofiicer of the foreign naval ves- ister. as well umler the as his colleagues, ! acting impulses of humanity, ! extended asylum to the political refugees, whose lives were Ux peril. I have ul been willing to direct the surrender of such of yviUJujj these persons as arc still in the American Wation without a suitable usdcistandtng. jt js believed that the government of Chile broadly deny the right of asylum, ami the correspondence lias not tcusiar presented any such denial. The treatment of onr minister for a time was. such as to call for . HillH.Ci AW IIMV ,,,,.1.311 icr to oeserve mat which were undoubtedly the iesu!t prevailing excitement, were at o. scinded or suitably relaxed. of the -cc re- ..,.,,....., ..nh..,. , coufirieul in their ptciliction that the pur- On the lC-tb of October an event occurred chafes by the jjovernracut required by the in Valparaiso so serious and tragic in it3 j law would at once bring the price of silver circumstances and results as to very justly j to 1.S029 per ounce, which would make the excite the indignation of onr pcoplo and : bullion value of a dollar ICO cents, and to call for prompt .and decided action on . hold it there, 'i be prophesies of the nntl the part of this government A consider-1 silver men of disasters to result from the able number of the sailors of the United t coinage of $-',0C0,000 per Month were not States ship Baltimore, then in the bar- wider of the mark. The friends of free bor of Valparaiso, being upon short- ' silver are not agreed, I 'think, as to the leave and unarmed were assaulted causes that brought their hopeful prcdic by armed men nearly s multancously rtions to naught in different localities in the city, j Some facts ore known. The exports of One petty oiacer was luneu oaiugoi anu seven or cigut seamen were senuusiy wounded, one of whom has since died. So savage and brutal was" the assault that several of our sailors received more than two, and one as many as eight stab wounds. An investigation of the affair was promptly made by a board of officers of the Baltimore, aud'their reports show that these assaults were . unprovoked ; that our men were conducting themselves in a peaceful "and orderly manner, anil that some of the police of the city took part in the assault and used their wea oris with fat&l effect, while a few others with some well disposed citizens; endear bred to protect bur men: , - Thlitytsix oibVir sailors were arrested and some tif them, while being taken to prison, were cruelly beaten and mal treated. The fact that they were all dis charged, no criminal charge being lodged against any one of them, shows very clearly that they were innocent or any breach of the peace. So far as I have yet been able 1 1 learn no otlie? exnlanation of this bloodv work has been suggested than that it hail its origin in hostility to thoso men as sailors of the United States) wer ing the uniform of tht!? g6;ernmeni, and not in an? individual, act. Or personal unimosity. The attention bf the Chilean government was at once galled to .this of1 fain hed.ft stalcrachi o! the facts obtained rjj? he Investigation we had conducted was submitted, accompanied by a request to be advised of cny other or qualifying facts in the possession of tho Chilean gov ernment that might lend to relieve this af fair of the appearance of an insult to this government. The Chilean .government Vrfts also advised, that, if such qualifying fac-3 did not exist, this government would confidently expect full and prompt repara tion. It is to ba regretted that the reply of the secretary of foreign affairs of the provisional government wait couched in an offer-si7G tta'e. To this no response has been made. This government is now awaiting the result of an investigation, which has been conducted by the criminal court at Valparaiso. It is reported un officially that the investigation is about completed, and it is expected that the re sult wiil soon be communicated .to this government, together with some adequate and satisfactory response to the note by which the attention of Chile was called to this incident If these just expectations should be disappointed, or further needless, delay intervene, I will, by a special mes sage, bring this matter again to the atten tion of congress for such action as, may be necessary. The entire correspondence gove nment of Chile will at an be submitted to congres. with the arly day Spain's Exposition. The government and people of Spain propose to celebrate the 4W)th anniversary of the discovery of America by holding an exposition at Madrid, which will . op?u on the lth of September, and continued until the olst of December, 1613. A cordial invitation has been ex tended to the United States to take parr, and as Spain was one of the -first nations to express the intention to participate in the World's Columbian exposition at Chi cago it would bo very appropriate for this government to give this invitation friendly acceptance. Intercontinental Itellway. Surveys for the connecting links ot the projected intercontinental railway are in progress, not only in Mexico but at various points along the course mapped out Three surveying parties are now in the field, under the direction cf the commis sion. Nearly 1.000 milcj of ths propo-.cd road have been surveyed, including the most difficult part, that through Ecuador and the southern part cf Columbia. Tho reports of the engineers are very nalfofac tory and kIioiv that m its vinuoaa table ob stacles have been met with. 3If x can iJu.:.! i.y Treatr. On November 12. 1S31. a treaty was con cluded with Mexico reaffirming the bound ary between the tvro countries, as described in "the treaties of February 'J. IStf, and De cember SO, 1S53. March 1, ISS'J, a further treaty was negotiated to facilitate the " carrying1 out of the princiides of the treaty of 18S, and to avoid the difficulties occa sioned by reason of tho changes and alterations that take place from natural causes in the Rio Grande and Colorado rivers in the portions thereof constituting' the boundary line between the two rcpub-j lies. The international boundary commis- sion, provided for by the treaty of ISS'J, to have exclusive jurisdiction of any question that may arise has been named by the Mexican government. An appropriation is neecary to enable the United States to fulfill its treaty obligationsin this re spect International Copvrlirht. International copyright has been se cured in accordance with the conditions of the act of March 3, 1S'1. with Belgium, France, Great Britain and the British pos sessions, and Switzerland, the 1. rs, of those countries permitting to our citizens the bc;.cfit of copyright on substantially the same bais as ti.clr own citizens or subjects. With Germany a special con vention had been negotiated upon this sub ject, which will bring that country within the reciprocal benefits of our legislation. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The Question of Foreign Commerce Dip.-cosrtl-Surr Statistic. The general interest in the operations' of the treasury department has Dccn much augmented during the last year by reason of the conflicting predictions which art companied and followed the tariff nnj other legislation of the last congress af fecting the revenue, as to the results of this legislation upon the treasury and upon the country. On the one hand it was contended that imparts would so full off ns to leave the treasury bankrupt and that the prices of articles entering into the living of the peop'e would be so en hanced as to only disastrously affect their comfort and happiness; while ou the other it was argued that the loss to the revenue, largely the result of placing sugar on the free list, would be direct gain to the pcoplo ; that the prices of the necessaries of life, including those most highly protected, would not be enhanced : that labor would have a larger market and the prices of Die products of the farm ad vanced; while the treasury surplus and receipts would be adequate to meet the appropriations including the large excep tional expenditures for the refunding to the states of the direct tax, and the re demption of the 44 Vr cent bonds. It is not my purpose to enter at any length into the discussion of the effect of the lcgisla- t;on wi,;ch na, been referred to, but a ! hriof examination of the statistics of tho of business throughout the country, will, I think, satisfv anv impartial inquiry that its results have disappointed the evil ; prophesies of its opponents and in a large measure realized the hopeful predictions , cf its friends. Rarely, if ever before in the history of the country, has there been a time when the proceeds of one day's labor or the product of one 'arm crop ' that could purchase such a large amount of things that enter iuto the livitig of the masses of the people. I believe ' that a full test will develop the fact that the tariff act of the Fifty-first congress is very i.ivora ble in it average effect up-jn theprices of articles entering i into common use. iver I'liroliisr.. Under the law of July 14, l91, the secre- , lrc . ,,;, ' A,ist Aw XQ .,..;,,.,. !,, t c;i rcnascd since fiscal year,. sS.cJ.5,113 ounces of silver bnUtoa, at an average cot of Sl,0 15 per ounce." In exchange for this silver bullion there have been issued S.V),571,'-'S0 of the treasury notes authorized by the act The lowest price of silver reached duiing the fiscal year was f0.9,C36, oa April 2.'. 1S31. but on November 1 the market price wa3 only CP.V'i. which wonid give to the silver dollar a bullion value of 7H ccnt3. Before the influence ol t:e prospective sil ver legi-dati n was felt hi the market sil ver wat. worth in New York about 0.975 per ounce. The ablest advocates of free coinage in the last consrress were most silver xroxn i-onuon to India daring the first nine months of tho calendar year fell off over 50 per cent, or $17.2O2,7S0, compared with the same months of the preceding year. Thc exports of domestic silver bullion from this country, which has averaged for thc last ten vears ever I7,C0;,0W, fell in the last fiscal year to liJ,757.91 ; while, for j the first time in recent years, the imports cf silver into this country exceeded the exports by the stun of $.'j7-i5;3G5;. Id. the It evibtis" vear the hG. exports Of sllvtfr front the United States amounted id 18,330, 555. The production of the United Staies increased 'rfjtti iD.COO.OOO buhccS ifc 1889, td 5t,500,OCO In 1S-K). The govdrnroerit is now buving and patting aside annually 54,.".00.0.0 ounces, which, allowing 7,M0,0C0 ounces of new bullion used in the arts, is G.&U,000 more than our domestic product available for coinage. I hope the depres sion in the price of silver is temporary and that a further trial of this legislation will more favorably affect It That the increased Volume of currency thus sup plied for the use of the people was needed, and that tli beneficial results upon trade and 'prices have" followed this legislation, I think must be very clear to every one, nor should it be forgotten that for every dollar of these notes issued ii full dollars wortlt UfsilVcr bullion is ai the time dep -sited in the treasury as a se curity for its t ed'emption. Upon this subject, ns upon the tariff, my recommendation is that the existing laws be given a full trial and that our business interests be spared the distressing influ ence which threats of radical changes al wavs !nlpart: Under existing legislation it is in the power of the treasury department to main tain that essential eonditidd of hatidiicl finance as well as df comnlcrcial prosper itythe parity in the uso of the coin dol lars and their paper representatives. The assurances that these powers would be freely and unhesitatingly used has done much to produce and sustain the present favorable business conditions. Opposes Fro Coinage of Silver. I am still of the opinion that the free coinage Of silver under existing conditions would disastrously affect cur, business in terests at home and abroad. We could not hope to maintain an equality in the purchasing power of the gold and silver dollar in our own markets, and in foreign trade the stamp gives no added value to the bullion contained in coins. Tho pro ducers of the country and its farmers and laborers, have the high est interest that every dollar, paper or coin, issued by the government, shall ,be as good as any other. The money lender will protect him3elf by stipulating for payment in gold, but the laborer has never been able to do that. To place business upon a silver basis .would mean a sudden and severe con traction of the currency, by the with drawal cf cold and gold notes, and such an unsettling of all values as would pro duco a commercial panic I can not (believe that a people so strong and so pros perous as ours will promote such a policy. 1 he producers of silver ore entitled to jtrst consideration, but they should not forget that the government is now buying and putting out c' the market what is the equivalent of the entire product of our silver mines. This Is more than they themselves thought of asking two years ago. I believe it is the earnest desire of a great majority of the people, as it is mine, that a fuil coin use shall be made iof silver just as soon as the co-operation of other nations can be secured and a ratio fixed that will give circulation equally to gold and silver. The business of the world demands the use of both metals, but I do not see any prospect of gain, but much of loss, by giving up the present system, in which a full use is made iof gold, and a large use of silver, for one In which silver alone will circulate. Such an event would be at once fatal to the fur ther progress of the silver movement Ei metaiism is the desired cud, and tho truo .friends of silver will be careful to not .overrun the goal and bring in silver mono metalism, with its necessary evil attend ants. I have endeavored by the use of official and unofficial agencies to keep a close ob servation of the state of public sentiment in Europe upon this question, and have cot fouud it to be such as to justify me in proposing an international conference. There is, however, I am sure, a growing sentiment in Europe in favor of the larger use of silver, and I know of no more effect ual wav of promoting this sentiment than by accumulating gold here. A scarcity of gbld in the European reserves will be the rtost persuasive argument for the use of sliver. The exports of gold to Europo which began In February last and continued until the close of July, aggregated over ?7O,C0O,O0O. The net loss of gold during the fiscal year was nearlv $03,(.iX),COO. That no serious mone tary disturbance resulted was most grati fying, and gave to Europe fresh evidence of the strength and stability of our finan cial institutions. With the movement of tcrops the outflow of gold was speedily 'stopped, and a return set in. Up to Dec 'cmber 1 we had rccoived of our gold loss.at the port ot New York, yi7,1.0'J., anil it is confidently believed that during tho win der and spring this aggregate will be stead .ily and largely increased. The Cash Surplus. ; The presence of a large cash surplus in the treasury has for many years been the .subject of much unfavorable criticism and lhas furnished an argument to those who 'have desired to place the tariff upon a 'purely revenue basis. It was agreed by all that tuc witU'-rawai irorn circulation oi so large an amount of money was an em barrassment to the business of the coun- trv and made necessary the intervention of the department at frequent intervals to relieve threatened monetary panics. The surplus on March 1, 1S0O, was ?1S3,S27, 1UJ.'.1. '1 he policy of applying thissur- iplui to the redemption of tne interest bcar iiig securities of the United States was (thought to be preferable to that of deposit ing t without interest in selected national (banks. There have been redeemed since 'the date last mentioned, of inters it-bear-ling securities S2.VJ,'.7J,3T4). resulting in a reduction of the annual Intorest charge of 511,&5-T.675 The money which bad been (deposited in banks without interest is jbeing-gradually withdrawu and used in ithc redemption of bonds. The result of jthis policy, of the silver le.islation, nnd of the tcfunding of the ' per cent bonds .has been a large increase of the money in 'circulation. At the date lait named the circulation was Sl.sOt.205.6W; or tSa.03 per capita, while on the lat of Dccmbsr, lbt'l. it had increased to ?l,577,2 i'.'.OTO, or 2i.S8 per capita. The offer of the secretary of alio treasury to the holders of the 4.' per cent bonds to extend tho time of redemp tion at an interest of " per cent, was ac cepted by the holders of about one-half .the amount, and the uncztended bonds 'arc being redeemed on presentation. WAR DEPARTMENT. Indian Enlistment a (SuccessGratifying Drcren3 In Dntcrtlons. I The report of the secretary of war ex hibits the results of an intelligent, pro gressive and business-like administration of a department which has been too much icganled as one of mere routine. ,Tbe separation of Secretary Proctor from the tirp irtinaar, y reason oi jus appoini 'meut a. senator from the state of Ver mont, is a source of great regret to me, and to his colleagues, and I am sure it will be to all thoc vrho have had bad business i with the department while under his jchargo j In the administration of army affairs, some especially goo.l work has been ac icomplis.icd. 'i'he efforts of ihe secretary to reduce tiie percentage of desertion by .rcniovrni; the causes that promoted it have , been so successful as to enable him to re port for the lt year a lower percentage of dcseit:ou3 than has before been reached 'in the history of the array. The result in money saving is considerable, but the im ,provemMit in the morals of the enlisted men is xue moi va:uaoe mciuoni oi u:e reforms which have brought about this result POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT. I ' Favor i Extension cf tho Free Wcl.very (Sya'.enu In the report of the postmaste-general 'some gratifying results are exhibited and Imnnr l.ttlrm.ntl n till. frvie ni"'lltcil- - A perusal of the report gives abundant ev idence that the supervision and direction (of thc postal system have been character ized by an intelligent and continuous de isiro to improve the service. The revenues tofthe department sbow an increase of 'over $5,000,000, while the estimate for thc year 1893 shows a surplus of receipts over 'expenditures. I t'roo Wrllvery Extnnlon. j An appropriation was given by the last congress for thc purpose of making some experiments in free delivery iu thc&mallcr cities and towns. The results of the3e experiments have been so j-atistactory that the postmaster Kcneral :eeo:nniend.s, and I'concur in the re ccc.mendatiou, that tended ! the free deliver system be at once ex to towns of 5,000 population. His discus sion of the" inadequate facilities extended under otir prCsgnt system to rural commit nities and his suggestions with A view io giving these' communities a fuller partici pation in the benefits of the' postal service arc wortliy bf your careful Consideration It is not just that th'e - farmer w,ho re ceives his mail at the neighboring town should not only be compelled to send to the postoffice for it, but to pay a considerable rent for a box in which to place it, or await his time at a general de livery window, while the city resident has his mail brought to bis door. It is stated that ovor 54,000 neighborhoods are under the present system receiving mail at post offices where money orders and postal notes are riot issued The extension of this system to these Commobitles is espec ially desirable, as the patrons of such offices are not possessed of the other facil ities offered in more populons communi ties. For the transmission of small sums of money I have in a message' to" the prccecd- id a modlGcd use of the telegraph. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. The President Sees Gratifying Progress In All pt Its ltUr-ti. The report of the secretary of the in terior shows that very gratifying progress has been made in all of the bureaus which make up that complex and difficult depart ment The work in the bureau of Indian affairs was perhaps nevor so largo as now, by reason of the numerous negotiations which have been proceeding with tho tribes for a reduction of the reservations, with the In cident labor of making allotments, and was never more carefu'ly conducted. The provision of adequate school facilities for Indian children and the locating of adult Indians upon farms, involve the solution of the "Indian question." Everything: else rations, annuities and tribal negotia tions with tho agents, inspectors and com missioners who distribute and conduct thsm-must pass away when the Indian has become a Citizen secured In the indi vidual ownership of a farm from which he derives his subsistence by his own labor, protected by and subordinate to tho laws which govern the white" man and provided by the general government or by the local com munities in which ho lives with the means of educating his children. When an In dian becomes a citizea in an organized state or territory his relation to tho gen eral government ceases in a great meisuro to be that of a ward, but the general gov ernment ought not to put upon the state or tci-ritorv the burden of the education of bis children. It has been my thought that tho government schools and school build inm uoon the reservation should be ab sorbed by the school system of tho states and territories, but as it has been found necessary to protect the Indian against the rompulsory alienation of his laud by ex emption from taxation for a period of twenty-five years it would seem to be right that the general government certainly, for there are tribal funds in its possession, should pay to the school fund of the state what would be equivalent to the local school tax on tho property of the Indian. It will be noticed from the report of the commissioner of Indian affars that already some contracts have been made with district schools for the education of Indian children. There is great advantage, I think, in bringing tho Indian children into mixed schools. This process will be gradual, and ia the meantime the present educational provis ions and arrangements, the result of tho best experience of those who have been charged with this work. Ehcnld be contin ued. This will enable those religious bodies that bava undertaken the work of Indian education with so much zeal and with results so restraining and beneficent, to nlace their Institutions in new and use ful relations to the Indian and his white neighbors. Tbe Sloui Outbreak. The outbreak among the Sioux, which occurred in December last, was, a3 to it3 causes and incidents, fully reported upon by the war department and the depart ment of the interior. That these Indians had some just complaints, especially in the matter of the reduction of the appro priation for rations and in tho delays attending the enactment of laws to enable the department to perform the engage ments entered into with them, is probably true, but the Sioux tribes are naturally warlike and turbulent and their warriors were excited by their medicine men and chicfo, who preached the coming of an Indian messinh who vras to give them power to destroy their enemies. In view of the alarm that prevailed among the white settlers on the reservation and of the fata consequences that would have resulted from an Indian uprising, I placed nt the disposal of General Miles, tho arms that were thought by him to be required. He is entitled to the credit of having given thorough protection to the settlers, and of bringing the hostiies into subjection with the least possible loss of life. The appropriation of $2,091,459 for the Choctaws aad Chickaaws contained in the general Indian appropriation bill of March 3, 1891, has not been expended, for the reason that I have not ye approved a release to the government of the Indian claim to the lands mentioned This mat ter will be made the subject of a special message, placing before congress all the facts which have come to my knowledge. Indian Allotment, a Sncca. The good work of reducing the larger Indian reservations by allotments in sev eralty to the Indian's, and the cession of the remaining lauds to tho United States for disposition under tho homestead law has has been prosecuted during the year with energy and succass. In September last I was enabled to open to settlement in the territory of Oklahoma WK.G'jO acres of laud, all of which was taken up by settlers in a single day. The rush for these lands was accompanied by a great deal of excitement, but was hap pily free from incidents of violence. It was a source of great regret that I was not able to open at the same time the sur plus land of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe reservation, amounting to nbout a,:-.OD.000 acres by reason of the insufficiency of the appropriation for making tho allotments. Deserving and impatient settlers arc waiting to occupy these lands and I ur gently recommend that a special defi ciency appropriation be promptly made of the small amount needed, so that the allotments may be completed and the surplus lands opened in time to allow the settlers to get upon their homesteads in the early spring. During the past summer the Cherokee commission has completed arrangement with the Wichita, KicKapoo and To nk a a tribes, whereby, if the rangernents are ratified by congress, over SiW.OOO additional seres will be opened to settlement in Oklahoma. Ueiienl I-aml flclce. Early in the administration, a special effort was begun to bring up the work of the general land office by faithful work. At the end of the last fiscal year, only 84,172 finn! agricultural entries remained undisposed of, and the commissioner re- ports that with the present force, the work can be fully brousrht un by the end oi the next fiscal y-ar. Your attention is called to the dihieuliy experienced oy tne sccrc- i,-1. f fl., ittirinf In tr ?wlministm.n?i J, V r ir u"i io7i .,,.,. congress, mutual Ol r-. patriotic .-mrci.. of the law of March . 1891. establishing a . VfVs must not. es.e- -he delusion that court of private laud claims, lhe small jour ,,copje iiavc t to regard a free holdings intended to be protected by thc t ,-ot an.l enual rep. :ntation as the law are estimated tobe more tan 15,000 , priL.c of t;,e.r allegiance to laws and to in number, the claimants are almost all a j -Ivil ma-istratcs. I have been greatly re dcEcrving class and their titles are suti- ,-0j,.ca 4o oticc many evidences of thc in poitcd by the strongest equities. The c,cas.j unifier. tier, of our people and of greatest difficulty grows out of the land . a rrV5TCa nation 1 .-pirit Ihe vista that having been largely surveyed ,,... .rN to-.. Is wider and more trlorious acco:u:n" to our methods, while thc holding.-., many of which have been iu the t-amc family for gene-atiou, are laid out in narrow strips a few rods wide, upon a stream and run ning back to the hills for pasturage and timber. Provisions bhould be made for numbering these tracts as lots and for patenting them by such numbers and without reference to section liscs. 1Vii!:d Mur.-.;u The administration of the pension bureau has been characterized during tha year by great diligence. Thc total num ber of pensioners unoa the roll on the IlOth day of January. lS-iO. was tn&iCU. There wcic allowed, during the fiscal year cad inpat ihr.t time, IC0.C5 casea. Of this j msinbc bt we allowed iviiier- :.iu 1;. ce ,- Ol .llt.'i ii litlf.'.te.s has li V. i he issuing uZ : he been proceeding at the j rate of about 30,000 per month, about 75 per cent of these befitf cash andcr th; new law. a no comiaos. .,,.- . .... ..I..! AW.VOTMM the opinion that he will be able to -! fully adjudicate and allow 350,0W claJas), during tho present fiscal year. The ap propriation for the payment of pensions for the fiscal year 1SWMH, was f JftCSV 793.8'., and the amount expended 119,530, 6J9.2Q, leaving n unexpended aurplus of The commissioner is quite confident that there will be no call this year for a defl-; ciency appropriation-, notwithstanding the rapidity with which the work Is bcingr; pushed. The mistake which was made by. many in their estimates of the cost of pen sions is in not taking account of the di minished valuo of first payments under the recent legislation 'Ahese payments under the laws, have been for many years very large, as the pensions, when allowed, dated from tbe time of filing the ciaini. and most of these claims had been pend ing for wan. The first payments under the law'of June, lSt), ar relatively small, and, as ths per cent, of thoe" eases In creases uiid that of the old cases diminish, he annual aggrcsate of first payments is l&rjfe'lv reduced. The commissioner, unier'daie lit November 13, furnishes me with the statement. thn during the last, four months, 113,175 certlfaeates ""o ' sued, 27,893 under the act of June" 27, ISSD.j Tho average first payment during the four months was $151.85, while the average nr payment upon cases allowed during the year ending June SO. 1891, was S2S9.33, belug a reduction in tho average first pay ments during" these four months of 1107 4&. Pension Estimates. ' The estimates for pension expenditures for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1S93, is $144,958,000, which, after a careful exam ination of the subject, the commissioner is of the opinion will be sufficient While these disbursements to the disabled sol diers of tho great civil war arc large, they do n-.t realize the exaggerated estimates of thoso who oppose this beneficent legis lation. The secretary of the interior shows with great fullness the care that has been taken to exclude fraudulent Claims and also the gratifying fact that tho persons to whom these " pensions are going are men who rendered, not slight, but substantial war service. Krport cf the Commissioner of Railroads. Tho renort of the commissioner of rail roads shows that the total debt of the sub sidised railroad-; in Iho United State was on December ::l, 1&. U2.5W,01AOT. A large part of the debt is now approa-hing maturity, with no adequate provision for its pavment Some policy for dealing with this debt, with a view to its ultimata collection, should be at onco .adopted. Il is very difficult, well nigh impossible, for so large a body ns congress to conduct necessary negotiations andinyestigations.. I thcraftre recommend that provisionbo ninoc for the :iv:.o:utm.:ui of a commission to agree'upon and report a plan for deal ing with this debt AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. Rosk's Eitnbllal.mrnt Is a Model One Ho;uo or the Fruits. If the establishment of the departmeni of agriculture Is regarded by anyone as a me: c concession to the unenlightened dc mand of n worthy class of people, that impression lias been most effectually re moved bv the great results already at tained. Its shown influence has been very great in disseminating agricultural and horticultural information: in stimulating and directing a further diversification of cropa ; in detecting and eradicating dis eases of domestic animals; and, mora than all, discloses admirable tact in tho relations whicli It has established and maintains with the farmers and stock raisers of the whole country. Every re quest for information has had prompt at tention and every suggestion merited con sideration. The scientific corps of the de partment is of a high order and is pushing its investigations with method and enthu siasm. Inspection Law Kesuits. The inspection by this department of cattle and pork products intended for shipment abroad has been the basis of the success whieh has attended our eff rtJ to secure the removal of the restrictions maintained by the European governments. For ten vears protests and petitions upon this subject from tho packers and stock raisers of the United States have been directed against these restrictions which so seriously limited our markets and cur tailed the profits of the farm. It is a cause for general congratulation that suc cess has at last been attained, for the effects of an enlarged foreign market for these meats will be felt, not only by the farmer, but in our public financ-'s and in every branch of trade. It is particularly fortunate that the increased demand for food products resulting from the removal of the restrictions upon our meats and from the reciprocal trade arrangements to which I have referred should nave come at a time when the agricultural surplus Is so largx Without the help thus derived lower prices would nave prevailed. I he secretary of agriculture intimates that the restrictions upon the im portations of our pork products into Europe lost ns a market for fcO,000,000 worth of these prod.-.cts annually. Tiiu grain crop of this year was the larg est in o;ir history. 10 per cent greater than that of htHt year, and yet the market that has opened and the larger demand result ing from short crops in Europe have sus-, tnitied prices to such an extent that the, enormous surplus of meat and breadstuff will be marketed nt good. prices, bringing relief and prosperity to an industry thnt was much depressed. The value of the grain crop of the United States is estima ted bv fas secretary to be tl.i year t500, 003,0'l more than last year, of meats 1150, O0O.C0O more, and of all the products of the farm i.t-O.'X'O.rOO more. It is not inappro priate, I think, however, to suggest here that our satisfaction in the contemplation of this marvelous addition to the national' wealth is unelouded by any sunpicion of the currency by which it is measured and e currency by which it is measured and which the farmer is paid for the prod in ucts of his field. r xldcatl il Elector. The Michigan departure in tbe matter of electing prciddcntial electors is referred to and condemned by the president. After a review of the system adopted by that state he conclnded as follows: I While tho policies of the general gov ernment upon the tariff, upon the restora tion of our merchant marine, upon the river and harbor improvements, and other such matters of grave nnd general concern, aro liable to be turned this way or that bv the results of congressional j elections and administrative policies, sometimes involving issues that tend lo I peace or war, to be turned this way i or that by the results of a presidential election, there is a lawful interest in all of ' i the stales, and in every congressional dis-ar- i . , . .,.. .,, . , ," . i . :. i. let isius 'Kill nut uc uciuiwu ui nuumu I by the audacious pretense that a question of the right of any body of legal voters in any state or in any congressional district to give its suffrage freely upon these gen eral nuestinns is a matter only of local concern or control. The demand that the limitations of suffrage shall be found hi J tllc Ja a,i onv there, is a just demand. j Mv appeal is. and must continue to be, . for jj consultation that shall "proceed with ; candor. calmness and patience upon the i :.... :...:.... ,. ,-,;,- I To thc ConL:dcration of these very grave . m,est:oas I invite not onlv the attention of ! - , ., . - -.: :.: . i .;,., 0..- Lffnis?. Gratification and amazement a".iu?gle lor supremacy as we contemplate the population, wealth and st'ei.gth of our country. A trust mo- meutuus in it influence upon our people and upon thc world, is for a brief time committed to us and we must not be faith- . less to its first condition the defense of ' the free and the equal influence of the people in the choice of public officers and j in the control o public affaira. ' TtrV.f 4TTV TTiPOICftW i I Executive Mansion, December 9, 1S9L i j The government of Japan jgets a large proportion of its revenue from the railroad' and telegraph companies that it owns and! otieraie-. 'i na q';;stio:i of puoiic taxa- tiOtl 1 tic:: b altv.tvs u:.d-.-serious considera-' the itnt-'-icj:! and economists of JIn a. AffDKBSON, Jn. J. sT.aAIXKT.TlM a lvaosH. e.ASDntsoif. 25?K!L JACOB QBSIBBf. WHOX BLOATX JOBS J. fOLLIVAX. First National Bank, Columbus, Neb. . Ecp3rtrTClUn1nIaTl7tllSt. BESOUBCML toons aad Ptecouats IT. 8. Sonds................. Beal estate, fatcltar aad Due from otaar banks $SS,17U2 De from V. S. Treasury.. 675.0 Caahoahaad 1&J7MK KISS o Utmoo. xtjmtM SM3M7 S9fVN0l4f LIABILITIES. Capital and tarplos ............... tin ltTided profits.... National baak aotM eatrtaadfng Red'scount ........... .......... ... BBOLOBfllOt, ... 10,498.14 ... 13.5UO.00 ... 16,881.21 Duo depositors .. ........................ MS.181.05 tmM&to gasiitesM r&M. J. ?J. uirxMit; DPVTOBJSM ADTOZAT, OtRm over Ca!st ffebrsska. tft & QUI BJLIYAH 4 ATTORNEYS AT LAW, (MSee tenm Hcbracka. lira Katlaaal Baak, 041 r.'orirlstoCToaaPiWfcmeJII e&rcsTO znsti mi at in. nkuy JtfBUl Both, poet-pabi to ro a&fcoML Car fist JJf strictly ia adraacaTltaattK JMMUS tXM I2. " W.a-KOALXJBlll. 1 M eAiiMSffeB iJMMHMl ATT0RNST3 At B. 0."BOYTf, KAXTTlCTCnB 0 Tin and Sheet-Iroi Ware! staBOjlbustMA .ZjBL HENRY G-A8S. COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES. ZS'Itepalring ail kisii Ufhrth ulcru Goods. Mf COLOTUVaV HMKAaaM. A STRAY LEAF I DIARY. JOURNAL OFFICE CAKSflL ENVBLOT NOTE BILL fiYnnm.ii DODGIugftia T- l -f., LOUIS SCHREIBEH. Slacksmllli ana WrJSOiMaisr. Vll kills f leiairlsff 4m b Short Ntiee. Bignet, Wi$- ai( tie.. mzU w rUr, tit til wtrk wir- uteci. lk mU trij wwM-famoui Walter A, Wcd Howers, XmjktbV (?!- d Kuhim BsttTMfart, ui lelf-binadrt-t. fctfltaai. &rsae nmitottt "TatteraalL M COba 8t-.COLUMUi, TSMa SUBSIBENOW THE eOLimS JQMUL THE AMERICA BfAfAOTl, :trQfJNjr.rw. -SSSi Aria aWnfad sat tar Axierfcn Taeasat j taW feSTCSanAgAB aix.tazavasiaayw ; aaefesst HUamim.waam.9f mm eaaSirUMra IttahHtin i-.rK w charaU&ff eoatiaa So mora trecritt mm ad tssa aya?a soamiatta aa Mt VB It wiu M "l, . . oBaV. ts pritf ot qmAK jy gawpy asaay TO aaaaajHBj w)eaaw- o o o o o o o o o . a o " o O e o o . - .- . o o o' - o . . O oO O o "?. ' o oo o O o o C o o . o a ,. c c o 0tec o . c o c o b ? . o o . oa" e o o O o o o O o, O o . : o , ! . A.- s o o ." o 4 8 o o a e ? .o e o o Oo o o o . o. 6 o o o"b .o
