Nebraska Newspapers

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WHOLE NUMBER 1127.
VOLUME XXH.-NUMBER 35.
COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA, WEDNESDAYDECEMBER 16, 189.
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THE OLD RFJiTABTiTi
Columbus State Banli
(Oldest Bask In the etatej
Pays Merest on Time Deposits
AND
Mfc Loans on Real Estate.
ISSUES BIGHT DBAFTS OJf
Omaha, Ckicage, New York ami all
Foreism Coamtriea
SELLS STEAMSHIP TICKETS
BUYS GOOD NOTES
And.Eelps Its Customers -when they Meed Helm
OFFICERS ATJD DIRECTORS :
fXiNDEIt GEIHtAKD, Pwidfnt
IU IL JIENItY. Vico-1 'resident,
JOHN 8TAUFFEK, Cashier.
II. imUGGKlt U. W. HULST.
COURCML BANK,
OP
COLUMBUS, NEB.
HAS AN
Aot&orizgLl Capital of $590,000
Paid is Capita
90,000
OFFICERS s
C. H. flHEMXKJ.rrca't.
il r. jl OEnrmcH, viec-rres't.
C. A. NEW 1 AN. Cashier.
DANIEL 3CUUAM. Ass't Cash.
STOCKHOLDERS :
C. H. Sheldon, J. P. Becker,
Herman P. ILOehlrlcn, Cnrl Blonlio,
Jon is Welch.
W. A Mo Wlistor.
J. Uenrv Wurdotnnn.
Goaro W. Galley,
Fiank Itorer.
Uonry Loseke,
IL M. "Wmslow,
8. C. Grov,
Arnold lJI. Oelilrlc.
Gerhard Eoscko.
CTTtank of 4postt ; interest allows,! on tlmo
deposits; buy ena sell exchange m United
State and Knrcpo, and buy mid sell available
accuritios. Wo shall bo ideaRrd to Ttcolvo your
basineat. Wo solicit your patronage. I6leca7
j. DUSSEZ.!,;
SKAUS
-A
a
ca
PUMPS KEFATRED ON SHORT
N0TI03.
OIlV ft., ntsriy oppoilt Post-cffie.
Judicious Advertisifig
Creates many a new business,
Enlarges many an old business,
Revives' many a dull business,
Rescues many a lost business,
Saves many a failing business,
Preserves many a large business,
'Secures success in any business.
H. Mti a saan of lTis and we add thai
Isijciaas adterueins, for this sectioa of country.
UaM
THE JOURNAL
As of the aaeciam. becsste it i rad by th?
beat people, those who Ircow xehst they want unr
pay for wbat they cot. We cb!Ienjco ccmrsritOL
with any nntry pnper ia the world in tlu k
epest twenty years pnblishini? by the aino
fcaanapement, and neter on dnn to rsbscrihor
pabliabed in Tire Joccnau TbM, letter thw:
anythinn else, fehowa the clasa o! people who
read TuJocaxALercry week. tf
$5
JISIOJJH
TAgaRtoWaat.!
cacoLiiBla
ijm ftinurt aaftty Krta
m iwm to tot4T taw. Ewy
Sana avacr ? ftcm I C. Uaa
PATENTS
. . . ti , , ,fa afc-ada-f ' ""J-
gBtrfcJSttSSaefyaaS
lEiTjSCfSawia. or pbetaCwiA 'P;
silsw trftfieJC patentSla c not, fre of
AaMaaclaia Patents," with refer
jaasTtoMtaal eUasrfis la year state, cosxty ci
THE MESSAGE
WAsmsGTOX, D. G, Dec. 9. Presi
dent Harrison sent the following mes
cao to Congress:
To the Senate and House of Represen
tatives: The reports of the heads of the
several executive departments required
by law to be submitted to me, which re
herewith transmitted, and t&4 report of
the secretary of the treasury and the at
torney general, made directly to congress,
furnish a comprehensive view of the ad
ministrative work of the last fiscal year
relating to international affairs. It would
be of great advantage if these reports
could have an attentive perusal by every
member of congress and by all who take
an interest in public affairs. Such a pe
rusal could not fail to excite a higher ap
preciation of the vast labor and conscien
tious efforts which are given to the eon
duct of our civil administration. The re
ports will, I believe, ahow that every ques
tion has been approved, considered and
decided from the standpoint of publio
duty, and "upon considerations affecting
the public interests alone. Again, I invite
to every branch of tho service the atten
tion and scrutiny of congress.
STATE DEPARTMENT.
Relations With Chile it Little Strained
Mlalster Eagon lrfntl?tl.
The work of the state department dur
ing the last year has been characterized
by an unusual number of important nego
tiations and by diplomatic results of a
notable and highly beneficial character.
Among these are the reciprocal trade ar
rangements, which have been concluded
in the exercise of the powers conferred by
section 3 of the tariff law with the repub
lic of Brazil, with Spain for its Wctt India
possessions and with Sau Domingo. Like
negotiations with othsr couutrics have
been much advanced, and it is hoped that
before the close of the year further defl
nitc trade arrangements of great value
will be concluded.
Ucrlng: Bca Dtapute.
In view of the reports which had been
received as to the diminution of the seal
herds in the Bcriug sea, I deemed it wise
to propose to her majesty's government in
February last that an agreement for a
closed season should be made pending the
negotiations for arbitration, which then
seemed to be approaching a favorable
conclusion. After much correspondence
and delays for which this government was
not responsible, an agreement was reached
and signed on the 15th day of June by
which Great Britain undertook, from that
date until May 1, 1893. to prohibit the kill
ing by her subjects of seals in the Bering
sea, and the government of the United
States during the sr.mc period to enforce
its existing prohibition n;riust pelagic
scaling and to limit the catch by
the fur seal company upon the bdands to
7,500 skins. If this agreement could have
been reached earlier, in response to the
strenuous cmlcuvors of this government,
it would have boon more effective but
coming as late as it did, tt mi'ue.stionably
resulted in greatly diminishing the de
struction of the seals by the Canadian
sealers.
In my last annual message, I stated
that the basis of the arbitration with her
majesty's government for the adjustment
of the long standing controversy concern
ing the seal iUhetics is not acceptable. I
am t,'lad now to be able to announce that
terms satisfactory to this government
have been agreed upon and that an agree
ment as to the arbitrators is all that is
necessary to tho completion of the conven
tion. In'view of tiie advanced position
which this g 'verni'ent has taken upon the
subject of international arbitration, this
renewed expression of cur adherence to
this method for the sclt'csocnt of disputes,
Buch as have ni:cn in the Bering sea case
will, I doubt not, meet with the concur
rence of congrc-s.
Provision should be made for a joint
deuTrcation of tho frontier line
between Canada and the United
States, whenever required by
tho incrcasiug border settlements,
and especially for the cast location of
the water boundaries of the straits and
rivers.
I should
have been clad to announce
ble disposition cf l':c bound-
some favorabl
nry dispute between Great B-stain and
Venezuela, touchinir the vc tern f rontior of
British Guiana, but the friendly cforls of
the United States in that direction have
thus far been unavailing. This government
will continue tocxpicss it concern at any
appearance of foreign encroachment on
territories long under the administrative
control of American states, j he tleter
mination of a dUputcd boundary is easily
attainable by amicable American arbitra
tion, where the riirhii of the re-ective
parties rest as her.; on Li&torical facts
readily ascertainab.c.
Meat Inrp-ctlon.
The law of the lrst conrrrss providing
a system of inspection for cur meats in
tended for export, and clothing the presi
dent with power to exclude foreign prod
ucts from our market in c:ise the country
seuding them ahonld perpetuate unjust
discriminations against ny pre d :ct of the
United States, placed this government in
a position to effectively ur;re the leraoval
of such discriminations acniuet our meats.
It is gratifying to be able to Mate that
Germany, 'Denmark, Ilalv, Austria and
France, in the order named,
have opened their porta to
inspected American po-k products.
The removal of these restriction' ia every
instance was asked for and given solely
upon the ground that we had now provided
a meat inspection that hhouM be j-ceepted
as adequate to the ciuap'cte removal of
the dangers, real or fancied, which had
been previously urged.
The htate. department, our ministers
abroad, aud'the secretary of agriculture
have co-operated with uiifir.ggiiiT and in
telligent seal for the accomplishment of
this great result.
The outlines of an agreement have been
reached with Germany, looking to equita
ble trade concessions in cnr.s.ideraiion of
the continued free imnoitatio-i of her su
gars, but the time hn not yet arrived
when this correspondence can be sub
mitted to congress.
Thettraxll Kp'sode.
The recent political disturbances in the
republic oi iirazii uave ci-cuc.t rcgrc. ana; scjs jn t;C i,ari,or of Valparaiso and to
solicitude. The information we possessed . rcsideut foreign ministers at Santiago
was too meager to enable us to form a sat- ! for asvium. 'ibis asvlumwas freely give.i,
isfactory judgment of the causes leading' ocoldinsr to niv information, by the
to the temporarv assumption of supreme r.av!ll vessels of several foreign pow
power by 1 resident Fonseea. but this gov-i crs ar,j bv several of the legations
eminent did not fail to exprcs ; to him its at Santiago. The American r.iin-
nnXlOUS SOlIClluuu u. mt "vjv. ",
, : -s i ...i r .v.. -... -.. f iim.ii
and for the maintenance t.f the free politi
cal institutions which had recently been
established there, nor to offer
our advice that great moaeraion
should be ooscrved in t.sc cinsn
of parties and the contest for leadership
These counsels were received ia the most
friendly spirit, and the latest information ( js not n a position, in view of the urcced
is that constitutional government has-rents jn vrbich it has been connected, to
been re-estabii'hed without bloodshed.
Srw Orleans i,yrirli':S
The lvnchinff at New Orleans, in March
last, oi eleven men or itai.au ...n-y . -. a decided protest, and it was vcrv gratifv
Biob of citizens was a moj.tdrp.oraolc and.. , tb , nnfrJcnrtlv. measures.
T- t . . ,
discreditable incident It did cot how
ever, have its origin in any general ani
mosity to the Italian people, cor in any
disrespect to the government of Italy,
with which cur relations wc-e of the most
friendly character. The fu.-y o the mob
was directed against these jacn as the
opposed participants or accessaries of
the murder of a city cfSccr. I do not
allude to this as mitigating ib-'-ar.y degree
this offense against lave- aij$; humanity.
Tout only as affecting taeiildternstional
questions which grew out of it It was
represented by the Italian minister that
several of those whose lives had been
taken by the mob wem Italian subjects.
and a demand was made for the punish
ment of the participants and for an in
demnity to the families of those who'l
were killed. It u to be regretted
that the manner in which these claims
were presented, was not such as to pro
mote a calm discussion of the questions
Involved, but, this may well be attributed
to the excitement and indignation which
the crime naturally evoked. i he views of
this government, as to its obligations to
foreigners domiciled here, were fully
stated in bt correspondence, as well as
its purpose to. mate an investigation of
. whether there were present any circum-
stances xnai couia, under such rules of
duty as we had Indicated. Create ah bbli
Ratlon upon the United States The tem
porary absence ttf a minister pTcnibotcn
nry at this capital has retarded the fur
ther Correspondence-, bu't it Is not doubted
that a friendly conclusion is attainable.
Some Stnhristions irrowiur out of this
utahaVipy incident are worthy the attention
ot congress. It would, I believe, be en-1
tircly competent for congress to make
offenses against the treaty rights of for
eigners domiciled in the United States
cognizable in the federal courts. This
has not, however, been done, and the fed
eml 'officers and courts have no power in
Such cases to intervene either
for the protection of a fort
cign citizen, or for the punishment of
his slayers. It seems to me to foHuVr.In
this state of law that the bfllters of the
state, charged with police and judicial
powers in such cases, must in the consid
eration of international questions growing
out of such incidents be regarded in such
sense as federal agents as to make this
government answerable for their acts in
cases where it would be answerable if th2
United States had Urged its Constitutional
power to define and punish crimes against
treaty rights.
The Chtleaa War.
The civil war in Chile, which began in
January last, was continued, bi fortun
ately with infrequent niiti not important
armed colH-,lcns until August 28, when the
congressional forces landed near Val
paraiso, and after a bloody engagement
captured that city. President Balmaccda
at once recognized that his cause was lost,
and a provisional government was speed
ily established by the victorious party.
Our minister was promptly directed to
recognize and put himself in cemmuuica
tian x'ith this government So soon as it
should have established a de facto char
acter, Which was done. During the
pendency of this civil contest frequent in
direct appeals wcro made to this
government to extend belligerent rights
to the insurgents, and to give
audience to their representative.
This was declined, and that policy was
pursued throughout which this govern
ment, when wrenched by civil war, so
sticnuously insisted upon on tho part of
European nations.
ItHtt Incident.
The Itata, an armed vessel commanded
by a naval ofiicer of the insurgent fleet,
manned by its sailors and with soldiers on
board, was seized under process of the
United States court at .Ban Diego, CnL,
and for a violation of one neutrality laws.
While in the custody of ah ofiicer of the
court the vessel was forcibly wrested from
his control and put to sea. It would have
been inconsistent with the dignity and
self-respect of this government not to
have insisted that the Itata should be re
turned to San Diego to abide the judgment
of the court. This was so clear to the
junta of tho congressional party estab
lished at Iquique that before the arrival
of the Itata at that port the secretary of
foreign relations of tne provisional gov
ernment addicsscd Rear Admiral Brown,
commanding the United States naval
forces, a communication, from whicli the
following is an extract:
"The provisional government has
learned by the cablegrams of the
Associated Press that tho traus-
Eort Itata. detained in San Diego
y order of the United States for taking
on board munitions of war, and in posses
sion of the marshal, left the port, carrying
on board this ofticial, who was landed at a
point near the coast, and then continued
her voyage. If this news be correct this
government would deplore the conduct of
the Itata, and as an evidence that it is not
disposed to support or agree to the infrac
tion of the laws of the United States, the
undersigned takes advantage of tho per
sonal relations vou have been good enough
to maintain with him since your arrival in
this port to declare to you that as noon as
she is within reach of our orders his gov
ernment will put the Itata, with the arms
and munitions she took on beard in San
Diego, at the disposition of the United
States."
A trial in the district court of the United
Stales for the southern district of Cali
fornia Has recently resulted in a decision
holding, among other things, that, inas
much as the congressional party bad not
been recognized as a beligercnt power, the
acts done In its interest could not be a
violation of our neutrality laws. From
this judgment the United States has ap
pealed, not that the condemnation of the
vessel is a matter of importance,
but that we may know what is the
' present state or our law
' struction of the : statute
present state of our laws, for, if this con-
is correct, mere n
obvious necessity for revision and amend
ment. During the progress of the war In Chile,
this government tendered its good offices
to bring about a peaceful adjustment, and
it was at one time hoped that a good re
sult might be reached, but, in this we were
disappointed. The instructions to our
naval officers and to onr minister at San
tiago, from the first to the last of this
struggle, enjoined upon them the most ini-
! partial treatment, and absolute non-inter
ference. I am satishci! that these instruc
tions were observed and that our icpre
sentatives were always watchful to use
their influence impartially in the interest
of humanity, and on more than cue occa
sion, did so effective! v.
V.'c could not forget, however, that this j
government was in diplomatic relations !
with the then established government of I
Chile, as it is now in such rotations with '
the successor of that government.
I am quito sure that President Mor.tt,
who has, under circumstances that prom
ise peace for Chile, been installed
as president of that republic will
not desire that in the unfortunate
event of any revolt against his authority
the policy of this government should be
other than which we have recently ob
served. ,
Ejran Defended.
No official complaint of the conduct of I
our minister or of our naval officers during
the struggle has been presented to t'r.l-t
government, and it is a matter of regret
that so many of our own people should
give ear to unofficial charges and com
plaints that manifestly bad their origm m
:ir or.giu in
P?-n"Cf.Vi
nval interests and in a wisn to
relations of the United States
Ki;:lit or Asy!n:n.
The collanse of the government of Bal-
mnoeda brought about a condition which
is unfortunately too familiar in the histoiry
of the Central and South American states.
With the overthrow of the Balmaeedaa
government he and many of his counsel-
ors and officers became at once fugitives
for their lives and appealed to the com- ;
r.ianding ofiicer of the foreign naval ves-
ister.
as well
umler the
as his colleagues, !
acting
impulses of humanity, !
extended asylum to the political refugees,
whose lives were Ux peril. I have ul been
willing to direct the surrender of such of
yviUJujj
these persons as arc still in the American
Wation without a suitable usdcistandtng.
jt js believed that the government of Chile
broadly deny the right of asylum, ami the
correspondence lias not tcusiar presented
any such denial. The treatment of onr
minister for a time was. such as to call for
. HillH.Ci AW IIMV ,,,,.1.311
icr to oeserve mat
which were undoubtedly the iesu!t
prevailing excitement, were at o.
scinded or suitably relaxed.
of the
-cc re-
..,.,,....., ..nh..,. , coufirieul in their ptciliction that the pur-
On the lC-tb of October an event occurred chafes by the jjovernracut required by the
in Valparaiso so serious and tragic in it3 j law would at once bring the price of silver
circumstances and results as to very justly j to 1.S029 per ounce, which would make the
excite the indignation of onr pcoplo and : bullion value of a dollar ICO cents, and
to call for prompt .and decided action on . hold it there, 'i be prophesies of the nntl
the part of this government A consider-1 silver men of disasters to result from the
able number of the sailors of the United t coinage of $-',0C0,000 per Month were not
States ship Baltimore, then in the bar- wider of the mark. The friends of free
bor of Valparaiso, being upon short- ' silver are not agreed, I 'think, as to the
leave and unarmed were assaulted causes that brought their hopeful prcdic
by armed men nearly s multancously rtions to naught
in different localities in the city, j Some facts ore known. The exports of
One petty oiacer was luneu oaiugoi anu
seven or cigut seamen were senuusiy
wounded, one of whom has since died. So
savage and brutal was" the assault that
several of our sailors received more than
two, and one as many as eight stab
wounds. An investigation of the affair
was promptly made by a board of officers
of the Baltimore, aud'their reports show
that these assaults were . unprovoked ;
that our men were conducting themselves
in a peaceful "and orderly manner, anil
that some of the police of the city took
part in the assault and used their wea
oris with fat&l effect, while a few others
with some well disposed citizens; endear
bred to protect bur men: , -
Thlitytsix oibVir sailors were arrested
and some tif them, while being taken to
prison, were cruelly beaten and mal
treated. The fact that they were all dis
charged, no criminal charge being lodged
against any one of them, shows very
clearly that they were innocent or any
breach of the peace. So far as I have yet
been able 1 1 learn no otlie? exnlanation of
this bloodv work has been suggested than
that it hail its origin in hostility to thoso
men as sailors of the United States) wer
ing the uniform of tht!? g6;ernmeni, and
not in an? individual, act. Or personal
unimosity. The attention bf the Chilean
government was at once galled to .this of1
fain hed.ft stalcrachi o! the facts obtained
rjj? he Investigation we had conducted
was submitted, accompanied by a request
to be advised of cny other or qualifying
facts in the possession of tho Chilean gov
ernment that might lend to relieve this af
fair of the appearance of an insult to this
government. The Chilean .government
Vrfts also advised, that, if such qualifying
fac-3 did not exist, this government would
confidently expect full and prompt repara
tion. It is to ba regretted that the reply
of the secretary of foreign affairs of the
provisional government wait couched in
an offer-si7G tta'e. To this no response
has been made. This government is now
awaiting the result of an investigation,
which has been conducted by the criminal
court at Valparaiso. It is reported un
officially that the investigation is about
completed, and it is expected that the re
sult wiil soon be communicated .to this
government, together with some adequate
and satisfactory response to the note by
which the attention of Chile was called to
this incident If these just expectations
should be disappointed, or further needless,
delay intervene, I will, by a special mes
sage, bring this matter again to the atten
tion of congress for such action as, may be
necessary.
The entire correspondence
gove nment of Chile will at an
be submitted to congres.
with the
arly day
Spain's Exposition.
The government and people of Spain
propose to celebrate the 4W)th anniversary
of the discovery of America by holding
an exposition at Madrid, which
will . op?u on the lth of September,
and continued until the olst of December,
1613. A cordial invitation has been ex
tended to the United States to take parr,
and as Spain was one of the -first nations
to express the intention to participate in
the World's Columbian exposition at Chi
cago it would bo very appropriate for this
government to give this invitation friendly
acceptance.
Intercontinental Itellway.
Surveys for the connecting links ot the
projected intercontinental railway are in
progress, not only in Mexico but at various
points along the course mapped out
Three surveying parties are now in the
field, under the direction cf the commis
sion. Nearly 1.000 milcj of ths propo-.cd
road have been surveyed, including the
most difficult part, that through Ecuador
and the southern part cf Columbia. Tho
reports of the engineers are very nalfofac
tory and kIioiv that m its vinuoaa table ob
stacles have been met with.
3If x can iJu.:.! i.y Treatr.
On November 12. 1S31. a treaty was con
cluded with Mexico reaffirming the bound
ary between the tvro countries, as described
in "the treaties of February 'J. IStf, and De
cember SO, 1S53. March 1, ISS'J, a further
treaty was negotiated to facilitate
the " carrying1 out of the princiides
of the treaty of 18S, and
to avoid the difficulties occa
sioned by reason of tho changes and
alterations that take place from natural
causes in the Rio Grande and Colorado
rivers in the portions thereof constituting'
the boundary line between the two rcpub-j
lies. The international boundary commis-
sion, provided for by the treaty of ISS'J, to
have exclusive jurisdiction of any question
that may arise has been named by the
Mexican government. An appropriation
is neecary to enable the United States
to fulfill its treaty obligationsin this re
spect International Copvrlirht.
International copyright has been se
cured in accordance with the conditions
of the act of March 3, 1S'1. with Belgium,
France, Great Britain and the British pos
sessions, and Switzerland, the 1. rs, of
those countries permitting to our citizens
the bc;.cfit of copyright on substantially
the same bais as ti.clr own citizens or
subjects. With Germany a special con
vention had been negotiated upon this sub
ject, which will bring that country within
the reciprocal benefits of our legislation.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
The Question of Foreign Commerce Dip.-cosrtl-Surr
Statistic.
The general interest in the operations'
of the treasury department has Dccn much
augmented during the last year by reason
of the conflicting predictions which art
companied and followed the tariff nnj
other legislation of the last congress af
fecting the revenue, as to the results of
this legislation upon the treasury and
upon the country. On the one hand it was
contended that imparts would so full off
ns to leave the treasury bankrupt and
that the prices of articles entering into
the living of the peop'e would be so en
hanced as to only disastrously affect their
comfort and happiness; while ou the other
it was argued that the loss to the
revenue, largely the result of placing
sugar on the free list, would be direct
gain to the pcoplo ; that the prices of the
necessaries of life, including those most
highly protected, would not be enhanced :
that labor would have a larger market and
the prices of Die products of the farm ad
vanced; while the treasury surplus and
receipts would be adequate to meet the
appropriations including the large excep
tional expenditures for the refunding to
the states of the direct tax, and the re
demption of the 44 Vr cent bonds. It is
not my purpose to enter at any length into
the discussion of the effect of the lcgisla-
t;on wi,;ch na, been referred to, but a
! hriof examination of the statistics of tho
of business throughout the country, will, I
think, satisfv anv impartial inquiry that
its results have disappointed the evil
; prophesies of its opponents and in a large
measure realized the hopeful predictions
, cf its friends. Rarely, if ever before in
the history of the country, has there been
a time when the proceeds of one day's
labor or the product of one 'arm crop
' that could purchase such a large amount
of things that enter iuto the livitig of the
masses of the people. I believe
' that a full test will develop the
fact that the tariff act of the Fifty-first
congress is very i.ivora ble in it average
effect up-jn theprices of articles entering
i into common use.
iver I'liroliisr..
Under the law of July 14, l91, the secre-
, lrc . ,,;, '
A,ist Aw XQ
.,..;,,.,. !,, t c;i
rcnascd since
fiscal year,.
sS.cJ.5,113 ounces of silver bnUtoa,
at an average cot of Sl,0 15 per ounce."
In exchange for this silver bullion there
have been issued S.V),571,'-'S0 of the treasury
notes authorized by the act The lowest
price of silver reached duiing the fiscal
year was f0.9,C36, oa April 2.'. 1S31. but
on November 1 the market price wa3
only CP.V'i. which wonid give to the
silver dollar a bullion value of 7H ccnt3.
Before the influence ol t:e prospective sil
ver legi-dati n was felt hi the market sil
ver wat. worth in New York about 0.975
per ounce. The ablest advocates of free
coinage in the last consrress were most
silver xroxn i-onuon to India daring
the first nine months of tho
calendar year fell off over 50
per cent, or $17.2O2,7S0, compared with the
same months of the preceding year. Thc
exports of domestic silver bullion from
this country, which has averaged for thc
last ten vears ever I7,C0;,0W, fell in the
last fiscal year to liJ,757.91 ; while, for
j the first time in recent years, the imports
cf silver into this country exceeded the
exports by the stun of $.'j7-i5;3G5;. Id. the
It evibtis" vear the hG. exports Of sllvtfr
front the United States amounted id 18,330,
555. The production of the United Staies
increased 'rfjtti iD.COO.OOO buhccS ifc 1889,
td 5t,500,OCO In 1S-K). The govdrnroerit is
now buving and patting aside annually
54,.".00.0.0 ounces, which, allowing 7,M0,0C0
ounces of new bullion used in the arts, is
G.&U,000 more than our domestic product
available for coinage. I hope the depres
sion in the price of silver is temporary
and that a further trial of this legislation
will more favorably affect It That the
increased Volume of currency thus sup
plied for the use of the people was needed,
and that tli beneficial results upon trade
and 'prices have" followed this legislation,
I think must be very clear to every
one, nor should it be forgotten that
for every dollar of these notes issued
ii full dollars wortlt UfsilVcr bullion is ai
the time dep -sited in the treasury as a se
curity for its t ed'emption.
Upon this subject, ns upon the tariff, my
recommendation is that the existing laws
be given a full trial and that our business
interests be spared the distressing influ
ence which threats of radical changes al
wavs !nlpart:
Under existing legislation it is in the
power of the treasury department to main
tain that essential eonditidd of hatidiicl
finance as well as df comnlcrcial prosper
itythe parity in the uso of the coin dol
lars and their paper representatives. The
assurances that these powers would be
freely and unhesitatingly used has done
much to produce and sustain the present
favorable business conditions.
Opposes Fro Coinage of Silver.
I am still of the opinion that the free
coinage Of silver under existing conditions
would disastrously affect cur, business in
terests at home and abroad. We could
not hope to maintain an equality in the
purchasing power of the gold and silver
dollar in our own markets, and in foreign
trade the stamp gives no added value to
the bullion contained in coins. Tho pro
ducers of the country and its farmers
and laborers, have the high
est interest that every dollar, paper
or coin, issued by the government, shall
,be as good as any other. The money
lender will protect him3elf by stipulating
for payment in gold, but the laborer has
never been able to do that.
To place business upon a silver basis
.would mean a sudden and severe con
traction of the currency, by the with
drawal cf cold and gold notes, and such
an unsettling of all values as would pro
duco a commercial panic I can not
(believe that a people so strong and so pros
perous as ours will promote such a policy.
1 he producers of silver ore entitled to
jtrst consideration, but they should not
forget that the government is now buying
and putting out c' the market what is the
equivalent of the entire product of our
silver mines. This Is more than they
themselves thought of asking two years
ago. I believe it is the earnest desire of
a great majority of the people, as it is
mine, that a fuil coin use shall be made
iof silver just as soon as the co-operation
of other nations can be secured and a
ratio fixed that will give circulation
equally to gold and silver. The business
of the world demands the use of both
metals, but I do not see any prospect of
gain, but much of loss, by giving up the
present system, in which a full use is made
iof gold, and a large use of silver, for one
In which silver alone will circulate. Such
an event would be at once fatal to the fur
ther progress of the silver movement Ei
metaiism is the desired cud, and tho truo
.friends of silver will be careful to not
.overrun the goal and bring in silver mono
metalism, with its necessary evil attend
ants. I have endeavored by the use of official
and unofficial agencies to keep a close ob
servation of the state of public sentiment
in Europe upon this question, and have
cot fouud it to be such as to justify me in
proposing an international conference.
There is, however, I am sure, a growing
sentiment in Europe in favor of the larger
use of silver, and I know of no more effect
ual wav of promoting this sentiment than
by accumulating gold here. A scarcity of
gbld in the European reserves will be the
rtost persuasive argument for the use of
sliver. The exports of gold to Europo
which began In February last
and continued until the close of
July, aggregated over ?7O,C0O,O0O. The
net loss of gold during the fiscal year was
nearlv $03,(.iX),COO. That no serious mone
tary disturbance resulted was most grati
fying, and gave to Europe fresh evidence
of the strength and stability of our finan
cial institutions. With the movement of
tcrops the outflow of gold was speedily
'stopped, and a return set in. Up to Dec
'cmber 1 we had rccoived of our gold loss.at
the port ot New York, yi7,1.0'J., anil it is
confidently believed that during tho win
der and spring this aggregate will be stead
.ily and largely increased.
The Cash Surplus.
; The presence of a large cash surplus in
the treasury has for many years been the
.subject of much unfavorable criticism and
lhas furnished an argument to those who
'have desired to place the tariff upon a
'purely revenue basis. It was agreed by
all that tuc witU'-rawai irorn circulation oi
so large an amount of money was an em
barrassment to the business of the coun-
trv and made necessary the intervention
of the department at frequent intervals to
relieve threatened monetary panics. The
surplus on March 1, 1S0O, was ?1S3,S27,
1UJ.'.1. '1 he policy of applying thissur-
iplui to the redemption of tne interest bcar
iiig securities of the United States was
(thought to be preferable to that of deposit
ing t without interest in selected national
(banks. There have been redeemed since
'the date last mentioned, of inters it-bear-ling
securities S2.VJ,'.7J,3T4). resulting in a
reduction of the annual Intorest charge of
511,&5-T.675 The money which bad been
(deposited in banks without interest is
jbeing-gradually withdrawu and used in
ithc redemption of bonds. The result of
jthis policy, of the silver le.islation, nnd of
the tcfunding of the ' per cent bonds
.has been a large increase of the money in
'circulation. At the date lait named the
circulation was Sl.sOt.205.6W; or tSa.03 per
capita, while on the lat of Dccmbsr, lbt'l.
it had increased to ?l,577,2 i'.'.OTO, or 2i.S8
per capita. The offer of the secretary of
alio treasury to the holders of the 4.' per
cent bonds to extend tho time of redemp
tion at an interest of " per cent, was ac
cepted by the holders of about one-half
.the amount, and the uncztended bonds
'arc being redeemed on presentation.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Indian Enlistment a (SuccessGratifying
Drcren3 In Dntcrtlons.
I The report of the secretary of war ex
hibits the results of an intelligent, pro
gressive and business-like administration
of a department which has been
too much icganled as one of mere routine.
,Tbe separation of Secretary Proctor from
the tirp irtinaar, y reason oi jus appoini
'meut a. senator from the state of Ver
mont, is a source of great regret to me, and
to his colleagues, and I am sure it will be
to all thoc vrho have had bad business
i with the department while under his
jchargo
j In the administration of army affairs,
some especially goo.l work has been ac
icomplis.icd. 'i'he efforts of ihe secretary
to reduce tiie percentage of desertion by
.rcniovrni; the causes that promoted it have
, been so successful as to enable him to re
port for the lt year a lower percentage
of dcseit:ou3 than has before been reached
'in the history of the array. The result in
money saving is considerable, but the im
,provemMit in the morals of the enlisted
men is xue moi va:uaoe mciuoni oi u:e
reforms which have brought about this
result
POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT.
I '
Favor i Extension cf tho Free Wcl.very
(Sya'.enu
In the report of the postmaste-general
'some gratifying results are exhibited and
Imnnr l.ttlrm.ntl n till. frvie ni"'lltcil-
-
A perusal of the report gives abundant ev
idence that the supervision and direction
(of thc postal system have been character
ized by an intelligent and continuous de
isiro to improve the service. The revenues
tofthe department sbow an increase of
'over $5,000,000, while the estimate for thc
year 1893 shows a surplus of receipts over
'expenditures.
I t'roo Wrllvery Extnnlon.
j An appropriation was given by the last
congress for thc purpose of making some
experiments in free delivery iu thc&mallcr
cities and towns. The results of the3e
experiments have been so j-atistactory
that the postmaster Kcneral :eeo:nniend.s,
and I'concur in the re ccc.mendatiou, that
tended !
the free deliver system be at once ex
to towns of 5,000 population. His discus
sion of the" inadequate facilities extended
under otir prCsgnt system to rural commit
nities and his suggestions with A view io
giving these' communities a fuller partici
pation in the benefits of the' postal service
arc wortliy bf your careful Consideration
It is not just that th'e - farmer w,ho re
ceives his mail at the neighboring
town should not only be compelled
to send to the postoffice for it, but to pay
a considerable rent for a box in which to
place it, or await his time at a general de
livery window, while the city resident has
his mail brought to bis door. It is stated
that ovor 54,000 neighborhoods are under
the present system receiving mail at post
offices where money orders and postal
notes are riot issued The extension of
this system to these Commobitles is espec
ially desirable, as the patrons of such
offices are not possessed of the other facil
ities offered in more populons communi
ties. For the transmission of small sums of
money I have in a message' to" the prccecd-
id a
modlGcd use of the telegraph.
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
The President Sees Gratifying Progress In
All pt Its ltUr-ti.
The report of the secretary of the in
terior shows that very gratifying progress
has been made in all of the bureaus which
make up that complex and difficult depart
ment The work in the bureau of Indian affairs
was perhaps nevor so largo as now, by
reason of the numerous negotiations which
have been proceeding with tho tribes for a
reduction of the reservations, with the In
cident labor of making allotments, and
was never more carefu'ly conducted. The
provision of adequate school facilities for
Indian children and the locating of adult
Indians upon farms, involve the solution
of the "Indian question." Everything:
else rations, annuities and tribal negotia
tions with tho agents, inspectors and com
missioners who distribute and conduct
thsm-must pass away when the Indian
has become a Citizen secured In the indi
vidual ownership of a farm from which
he derives his subsistence by his
own labor, protected by and
subordinate to tho laws which
govern the white" man and provided by the
general government or by the local com
munities in which ho lives with the means
of educating his children. When an In
dian becomes a citizea in an organized
state or territory his relation to tho gen
eral government ceases in a great meisuro
to be that of a ward, but the general gov
ernment ought not to put upon the state or
tci-ritorv the burden of the education of
bis children. It has been my thought that
tho government schools and school build
inm uoon the reservation should be ab
sorbed by the school system of tho states
and territories, but as it has been found
necessary to protect the Indian against the
rompulsory alienation of his laud by ex
emption from taxation for a period of
twenty-five years it would seem to be right
that the general government certainly, for
there are tribal funds in its possession,
should pay to the school fund of the state
what would be equivalent to the local
school tax on tho property of the Indian.
It will be noticed from the report of
the commissioner of Indian affars
that already some contracts have been
made with district schools for the
education of Indian children. There
is great advantage, I think, in bringing
tho Indian children into mixed schools.
This process will be gradual, and ia the
meantime the present educational provis
ions and arrangements, the result of tho
best experience of those who have been
charged with this work. Ehcnld be contin
ued. This will enable those religious
bodies that bava undertaken the work of
Indian education with so much zeal and
with results so restraining and beneficent,
to nlace their Institutions in new and use
ful relations to the Indian and his white
neighbors.
Tbe Sloui Outbreak.
The outbreak among the Sioux, which
occurred in December last, was, a3 to it3
causes and incidents, fully reported upon
by the war department and the depart
ment of the interior. That these Indians
had some just complaints, especially in
the matter of the reduction of the appro
priation for rations and in tho delays
attending the enactment of laws to enable
the department to perform the engage
ments entered into with them, is probably
true, but the Sioux tribes are naturally
warlike and turbulent and their warriors
were excited by their medicine
men and chicfo, who preached the
coming of an Indian messinh who vras to
give them power to destroy their enemies.
In view of the alarm that prevailed among
the white settlers on the reservation and
of the fata consequences that would have
resulted from an Indian uprising, I placed
nt the disposal of General Miles, tho arms
that were thought by him to be required.
He is entitled to the credit of having given
thorough protection to the settlers, and of
bringing the hostiies into subjection with
the least possible loss of life.
The appropriation of $2,091,459 for the
Choctaws aad Chickaaws contained in
the general Indian appropriation bill of
March 3, 1891, has not been expended, for
the reason that I have not ye approved a
release to the government of the Indian
claim to the lands mentioned This mat
ter will be made the subject of a special
message, placing before congress all the
facts which have come to my knowledge.
Indian Allotment, a Sncca.
The good work of reducing the larger
Indian reservations by allotments in sev
eralty to the Indian's, and the cession
of the remaining lauds to tho
United States for disposition under tho
homestead law has has been prosecuted
during the year with energy and succass.
In September last I was enabled to open
to settlement in the territory of Oklahoma
WK.G'jO acres of laud, all of which was
taken up by settlers in a single day. The
rush for these lands was accompanied by
a great deal of excitement, but was hap
pily free from incidents of violence. It
was a source of great regret that I was
not able to open at the same time the sur
plus land of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe
reservation, amounting to nbout a,:-.OD.000
acres by reason of the insufficiency of the
appropriation for making tho allotments.
Deserving and impatient settlers arc
waiting to occupy these lands and I ur
gently recommend that a special defi
ciency appropriation be promptly made
of the small amount needed, so that the
allotments may be completed and the
surplus lands opened in time to allow the
settlers to get upon their homesteads in
the early spring.
During the past summer the Cherokee
commission has completed arrangement
with the Wichita, KicKapoo and
To nk a a tribes, whereby, if the
rangernents are ratified by congress, over
SiW.OOO additional seres will be opened to
settlement in Oklahoma.
Ueiienl I-aml flclce.
Early in the administration, a special
effort was begun to bring up the work of
the general land office by faithful work.
At the end of the last fiscal year, only
84,172 finn! agricultural entries remained
undisposed of, and the commissioner re-
ports that with the present force, the work
can be fully brousrht un by the end oi the
next fiscal y-ar. Your attention is called
to the dihieuliy experienced oy tne sccrc-
i,-1. f fl., ittirinf In tr ?wlministm.n?i
J, V r ir u"i io7i .,,.,. congress, mutual Ol r-. patriotic .-mrci..
of the law of March . 1891. establishing a . VfVs must not. es.e- -he delusion that
court of private laud claims, lhe small jour ,,copje iiavc t to regard a free
holdings intended to be protected by thc t ,-ot an.l enual rep. :ntation as the
law are estimated tobe more tan 15,000 , priL.c of t;,e.r allegiance to laws and to
in number, the claimants are almost all a j -Ivil ma-istratcs. I have been greatly re
dcEcrving class and their titles are suti- ,-0j,.ca 4o oticc many evidences of thc in
poitcd by the strongest equities. The c,cas.j unifier. tier, of our people and of
greatest difficulty grows out of the land . a rrV5TCa nation 1 .-pirit Ihe vista that
having been largely surveyed ,,... .rN to-.. Is wider and more trlorious
acco:u:n"
to
our methods,
while thc holding.-., many of
which have been iu the t-amc family for
gene-atiou, are laid out in narrow strips
a few rods wide, upon a stream and run
ning back to the hills for pasturage and
timber. Provisions bhould be made for
numbering these tracts as lots and for
patenting them by such numbers and
without reference to section liscs.
1Vii!:d Mur.-.;u
The administration of the pension
bureau has been characterized during tha
year by great diligence. Thc total num
ber of pensioners unoa the roll on the IlOth
day of January. lS-iO. was tn&iCU. There
wcic allowed, during the fiscal year cad
inpat ihr.t time, IC0.C5 casea. Of this
j msinbc
bt we
allowed
iviiier- :.iu
1;.
ce
,- Ol .llt.'i ii
litlf.'.te.s has
li V. i he issuing uZ
: he
been proceeding at the
j rate
of about
30,000 per month, about
75 per cent of these befitf cash andcr th;
new law. a no comiaos. .,,.-
. .... ..I..! AW.VOTMM
the opinion that he will be able to -!
fully adjudicate and allow 350,0W claJas),
during tho present fiscal year. The ap
propriation for the payment of pensions
for the fiscal year 1SWMH, was f JftCSV
793.8'., and the amount expended 119,530,
6J9.2Q, leaving n unexpended aurplus of
The commissioner is quite confident that
there will be no call this year for a defl-;
ciency appropriation-, notwithstanding the
rapidity with which the work Is bcingr;
pushed. The mistake which was made by.
many in their estimates of the cost of pen
sions is in not taking account of the di
minished valuo of first payments under
the recent legislation 'Ahese payments
under the laws, have been for many years
very large, as the pensions, when allowed,
dated from tbe time of filing the ciaini.
and most of these claims had been pend
ing for wan. The first payments under
the law'of June, lSt), ar relatively small,
and, as ths per cent, of thoe" eases In
creases uiid that of the old cases diminish,
he annual aggrcsate of first payments is
l&rjfe'lv reduced. The commissioner,
unier'daie lit November 13, furnishes me
with the statement. thn during the last,
four months, 113,175 certlfaeates ""o '
sued, 27,893 under the act of June" 27, ISSD.j
Tho average first payment during the four
months was $151.85, while the average nr
payment upon cases allowed during the
year ending June SO. 1891, was S2S9.33,
belug a reduction in tho average first pay
ments during" these four months of 1107 4&.
Pension Estimates. '
The estimates for pension expenditures
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1S93, is
$144,958,000, which, after a careful exam
ination of the subject, the commissioner
is of the opinion will be sufficient While
these disbursements to the disabled sol
diers of tho great civil war arc large, they
do n-.t realize the exaggerated estimates
of thoso who oppose this beneficent legis
lation. The secretary of the interior shows with
great fullness the care that has been taken
to exclude fraudulent Claims and also the
gratifying fact that tho persons to whom
these " pensions are going are men who
rendered, not slight, but substantial war
service.
Krport cf the Commissioner of Railroads.
Tho renort of the commissioner of rail
roads shows that the total debt of the sub
sidised railroad-; in Iho United State was
on December ::l, 1&. U2.5W,01AOT. A
large part of the debt is now approa-hing
maturity, with no adequate provision for
its pavment Some policy for dealing
with this debt, with a view to its ultimata
collection, should be at onco .adopted. Il
is very difficult, well nigh impossible, for
so large a body ns congress to conduct
necessary negotiations andinyestigations..
I thcraftre recommend that provisionbo
ninoc for the :iv:.o:utm.:ui of a commission
to agree'upon and report a plan for deal
ing with this debt
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
Rosk's Eitnbllal.mrnt Is a Model
One
Ho;uo or the Fruits.
If the establishment of the departmeni
of agriculture Is regarded by anyone as a
me: c concession to the unenlightened dc
mand of n worthy class of people, that
impression lias been most effectually re
moved bv the great results already at
tained. Its shown influence has been very
great in disseminating agricultural and
horticultural information: in stimulating
and directing a further diversification of
cropa ; in detecting and eradicating dis
eases of domestic animals; and, mora
than all, discloses admirable tact in tho
relations whicli It has established and
maintains with the farmers and stock
raisers of the whole country. Every re
quest for information has had prompt at
tention and every suggestion merited con
sideration. The scientific corps of the de
partment is of a high order and is pushing
its investigations with method and enthu
siasm.
Inspection Law Kesuits.
The inspection by this department of
cattle and pork products intended for
shipment abroad has been the basis of the
success whieh has attended our eff rtJ to
secure the removal of the restrictions
maintained by the European governments.
For ten vears protests and petitions upon
this subject from tho packers and stock
raisers of the United States have been
directed against these restrictions which
so seriously limited our markets and cur
tailed the profits of the farm. It is a
cause for general congratulation that suc
cess has at last been attained, for the
effects of an enlarged foreign market for
these meats will be felt, not only by the
farmer, but in our public financ-'s and in
every branch of trade. It is particularly
fortunate that the increased demand for
food products resulting from the removal
of the restrictions upon our meats and
from the reciprocal trade arrangements to
which I have referred should nave come
at a time when the agricultural surplus Is
so largx Without the help thus derived
lower prices would nave prevailed. I he
secretary of agriculture intimates
that the restrictions upon the im
portations of our pork products
into Europe lost ns a market for fcO,000,000
worth of these prod.-.cts annually.
Tiiu grain crop of this year was the larg
est in o;ir history. 10 per cent greater than
that of htHt year, and yet the market that
has opened and the larger demand result
ing from short crops in Europe have sus-,
tnitied prices to such an extent that the,
enormous surplus of meat and breadstuff
will be marketed nt good. prices, bringing
relief and prosperity to an industry thnt
was much depressed. The value of the
grain crop of the United States is estima
ted bv fas secretary to be tl.i year t500,
003,0'l more than last year, of meats 1150,
O0O.C0O more, and of all the products of the
farm i.t-O.'X'O.rOO more. It is not inappro
priate, I think, however, to suggest here
that our satisfaction in the contemplation
of this marvelous addition to the national'
wealth is unelouded by any sunpicion of
the currency by which it is measured and
e currency by which it is measured and
which the farmer is paid for the prod
in
ucts of his field.
r xldcatl il Elector.
The Michigan departure in tbe matter
of electing prciddcntial electors is referred
to and condemned by the president. After
a review of the system adopted by that
state he conclnded as follows: I
While tho policies of the general gov
ernment upon the tariff, upon the restora
tion of our merchant marine, upon the
river and harbor improvements, and
other such matters of grave nnd general
concern, aro liable to be turned this way
or that bv the results of congressional
j elections and administrative policies,
sometimes involving issues that tend lo
I peace or war, to be turned this way
i or that by the results of a presidential
election, there is a lawful interest in all of
' i the stales, and in every congressional dis-ar-
i . , . .,.. .,, . , ," . i . :.
i. let isius 'Kill nut uc uciuiwu ui nuumu
I by the audacious pretense that a question
of the right of any body of legal voters in
any state or in any congressional district
to give its suffrage freely upon these gen
eral nuestinns is a matter only of local
concern or control. The demand that the
limitations of suffrage shall be found hi
J tllc Ja a,i onv there, is a just demand.
j Mv appeal is. and must continue to be,
. for jj consultation that shall "proceed with
; candor. calmness and patience upon the
i :.... :...:.... ,. ,-,;,-
I To thc ConL:dcration of these very grave
. m,est:oas I invite not onlv the attention of
! - , ., . - -.: :.: .
i .;,., 0..- Lffnis?. Gratification and
amazement a".iu?gle lor supremacy as we
contemplate the population, wealth and
st'ei.gth of our country. A trust mo-
meutuus in it influence upon our people
and upon thc world, is for a brief time
committed to us and we must not be faith-
. less to its first condition the defense of
' the free and the equal influence of the
people in the choice of public officers and
j in the control o public affaira.
' TtrV.f 4TTV TTiPOICftW i
I Executive Mansion, December 9, 1S9L
i
j The government of Japan jgets a large
proportion of its revenue from the railroad'
and telegraph companies that it owns and!
otieraie-. 'i na q';;stio:i of puoiic taxa-
tiOtl 1
tic:: b
altv.tvs u:.d-.-serious considera-'
the itnt-'-icj:! and economists of
JIn
a. AffDKBSON, Jn.
J. sT.aAIXKT.TlM
a lvaosH.
e.ASDntsoif. 25?K!L
JACOB QBSIBBf. WHOX BLOATX
JOBS J. fOLLIVAX.
First National Bank,
Columbus, Neb. .
Ecp3rtrTClUn1nIaTl7tllSt.
BESOUBCML
toons aad Ptecouats
IT. 8. Sonds.................
Beal estate, fatcltar aad
Due from otaar banks $SS,17U2
De from V. S. Treasury.. 675.0
Caahoahaad 1&J7MK
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LIABILITIES.
Capital and tarplos ...............
tin ltTided profits....
National baak aotM eatrtaadfng
Red'scount ........... ..........
... BBOLOBfllOt,
... 10,498.14
... 13.5UO.00
... 16,881.21
Duo depositors ..
........................
MS.181.05
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ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
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Tin and Sheet-Iroi Ware!
staBOjlbustMA .ZjBL
HENRY G-A8S.
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES.
ZS'Itepalring ail kisii Ufhrth
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Mf COLOTUVaV HMKAaaM.
A STRAY LEAF I
DIARY.
JOURNAL OFFICE
CAKSflL
ENVBLOT
NOTE
BILL
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LOUIS SCHREIBEH.
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