mn
foMtral
VOL. XIX.-NO. 9.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 20, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 945.
CMnmte
COLUMBUS
STATE BANK.
COLUMKUS, NEK.
Cash Capital
$75,000.
DIRECTORS:
LEANDER GERRARD. Pres't,
OHO. W. 11ULS1'. Vice Pres't.
JULIUS A. RKKD.
It. H. 1IKNRY.
.1. K. TASKER. Cashier.
Hank of MepoNlt. IMhoui
mad ExchaBRf.
Collection 1-ronaplly ale oh
11 Points.
Iy latcreNt o Time epo-
llM.
OF
COLUMBUS, NEB.
CAPITAL STOCK,
$50,000.
OFFICERS:
ftlI.811UlilOS,lWt.
W. A. MoAIiUSTKU. Vice Pros'.
ROBERT UHLIG. Cashier,
DANIEL SCHRAM, Ass't Cash.
DIRECTORS:
J. P. BECKER. H. V. II. OKHLR1CH.
JONAS WELCH. CARL HELNKL.
II. M. W1NSLOW.
o
Thin Hank transact a regular Bunking Rai
ness, will allow interest on time dei.sits, make
collections, buy or sell exchange on United
State, anil Enrol', nuil buy "ml bell available
securities.
We shall bo llea-ed to receive jmr business.
We Bolicit jour patronage. We guarantee- satis
faction In all business iiitntnt.il i" 'iir care.
dec2H-i7
XT-OR TIIE
CALL ON-
A. & M.TURNER
Or . W. K1III.ER,
I'raveliBK alemtiH.
tSTThee organs are first-class in every par
ticular, ami so guaranUvd.
SCMIFFROTH & PLITH,
DKALKIIB IX
WIND MILLS,
AND PUMPS,
Buckeye Mower, combined, Self
Binder, wire or twine.
Piaps Repaired on short notice
EVOne door west of Heintz's Drng Store. 11th
street. Columbus. Neb. lnovsrt-tf
HENRY GASS.
TJTSTIDEIITAKEII !
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES
AND DKALKRIN
Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu
reaus. Tables, Safes. IionnBes,
Ac. Picture Frames and
Mouldings.
ISP Repairing of all kinds of Uphol
stery Goods.
6-tf COLUMBUB. NEBRASKA.
PATENTS
Caveats and Trade Marks obtained, and all Pat
ent bnsines conducted for MODKItATh-, K hWj.
ODB OFFICE IS OPPOSITE U. S. PATENT
OFFICE. We haw no sul-uwneiw, all business
direct, hence we can tniiis-xet iKitont business in
less time and tit LESS COST than those remote
from Washington.
Send model, drawinK. oi ihoto, witli tlescmi
tion. We advise if patentable or not, free or
chaise. Our fee not due till patent is Moored.
A book, How to Obtain Patents," with refer
ences to actual clienta in your Mate, county fir
town, sent free. ., QW &
Opposite Patent Office, Washington, D. C.
COHmCUL w
WKJwBrmlT! m
WESTEI COTTAGE OMAN
jtttt!
GERMANY'S SC1I00LS.
THE GRADES IN THE EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM OF THE EMPIRE.
Social aud Scholastic Distinctions Blgldly
Enforced Vigorous Discipline Main
tained l'oliteness Toward Teacher.
The .Switch an Assistant Bad Marks.
Private schools aro but fow in Germany
compared to their number in this country,
and most parents Bend their children to
the government schools. These aro
divided into various kinds, according to
the studies and to the social conditions of
tho students gymnasia, attended by boys
who propose pursuing classic studies; real
schools, devoted to mathematics and eco
nomical studies rather than to classics
(the word real-studlenM means essential,
economical or polytechnical studies); higher
burger schools (citizens' schools), where
tho prices for attendance aro oven smaller
than tho very modest ones paid in the two
first numed: lower burger schools, for sons
of still loss wealthy people; aud, at last,
f reo schools, whose students pay nothing.
Tho girls have higher daughter schools,
where tho instruction and prices are high
est, though tho latter are very moderate,
indeed. Next in rank aro tho plain
daughter schools: while such young
ladies as camiot pay any school money at
all attend, like their brothers, thoso
anomalously called free schools.
SOCIAL DISTINCTIONS.
You see. there is a most orthodox dis
tinction between "higher daughters" and
the girls who must be satisfied with being
"daughters" without the adjective. There
being but a slight difference between tho
extent and number of studies taught In
cither kind of school, it is plain that the
distinction made is caused by social pro
j udice The students of the gymnasia are
never at peace with those of the real
schools, but admit them to be their equals.
They treat tho boys of tho burger schools
with contempt, and this without going
into the details of higher or lower. But
for a gymnasiast to walk with or talk to a
boy of a free school, or to have anything
to do with him, except fighting, would bo
considered by parents, teachers and com
panions on unbecoming and offensively
low conduct. Tho girls, too, have pro
nounced opinions as to the proper sphere
for a "higher daughter" or for a "lower"
ono. or for one who is neither higher nor
lower, but so 3xceedingly poor as to be
called "freo." Froo from pride and pre
judice, I suppose.
A German boy enters tho lowest class
of the gymnasium, called "Sexta," when
ho is about 8 years of ago. The next class
is called "Quinta." then "Quarta." "Ter
tia." "Secunda" and "Prima." When he
has toiled through all of these he tries to
pass tho very dililcult "Abiturienten ex
amcu." Ue has uow an exclusive and
thorough education, and may enter a uni
vexsity If ho has successfully passed tho
examination ho is tlwn allowed to become
a soldier. That is to say, he would have
to join tho army anyway, but when ho lias
attended the gymnasium or real school up
to "Secunda. ' he intera tho ranks as a
"volunteer." being only compelled to serve
during one year, and in Germany to be
forced to be a soldier for no longer than
one year may bo considered equal to volun
teering In any other country.
RIGOttOUS DISCIPLINE.
I have mentioned die rigorous discipline
of German schools. This discipline can be
maintained only by tho co-operation of the
parents with the teachers. A well regu
lated system of regard and punishment,
with a careful surveillance, holds the boyti
under control. If a parent does not agree
with some of the severe penalties inflicted
upon the boy his son is apt to be expelled
for fear of his undermining the discipline.
School begins about 7 a.m. At five min
utes past that hour tho doors are closed
and thoso who aro late aro not admitted,
but punished tho next day The boys
await their teachers in their respective
class rooms. When the teacher enters
they all riso as one boy and never think
of sitting down before the teacher motions
them to do so. When ho leaves they go
through tho 6ame ceremony. When a boy
is asked a question ho rises and remains
standing until ho is through. No student
daro to omit lifting his cap when meeting
any teacher of the school on tho street.
Tho teachers of all classes up to "Tertla"
aro furnished with a reed or switch, which
is a cheap and ever ready assistant. A
refractory boy is ordered to stretch his
hand out. the palm upward, and before he
knows it he has got such a whack as will
beat an entire Latin grammar at once into
his head.
It is not Invariably through tho hand,
however, that science and literature are
made to enter a boy's brain. Some teach
ers consider the ears to be the best me
dium, while others give preference to the
boys" backs as presenting the broadest
surface. Dad marks are given as tho
lightest punishment, with the silent un
derstanding that two of them be equal to
one thrashing. When a boy is kept in
after schooltlmo his parents are at once
notified of the fact. Not unfrequently a
parent gets a notice that his son is to stay
at school, not for a certain number of
hours, but of days. Every school has a
jail, called "Career." From one to eight
or more days of school prison is a punish
ment for graver offenses. If incurred re
peatedly, tho boy is expelled. This pun
islimcnt deprives him from being admitted
to any othcrpubiic school throughout the
country While in tho school jau the boy
has to pay for his board. He is then In
charge of the porter or "custos" of tho
school. Philadelphia Times.
PITH AND POINT OF POLITICS.
Some Sharp Skirmish Shooting Before the
Opening of the Battle.
To secure an old timo Republican victory
:hero must be an old timo devotion to Re
publican prinSples. Chicago Inter Ocean.
The Republican candidate for president
this year is going to bo nominated by tho
Republican party, and not by the Mug
wump Inquisition. This is for the benefit
of whom it may concern. Philadelphia
Press. y
When the Mugwump editors praise
Cleveland their matter reads as if it was
written against space. Baltimore Ameri
can. Grover Cleveland would like to win
without New York. lie knows that this
state has no Interest in him. Buffalo
Commercial.
A new broom sweeps clean, and there
never was a cleaner sweep than the new
federal machine has made. Rochester
Post-Express.
Pauperized American labor and freo
whisky are tho two great panaceas which
the Democratic party is now asking tho
American people to swallow. Oswego
Times.
The Cleveland administration is gradu
ally throwing off its disguise. It is com
ing before theDeoDle.s.aafiituid onk
Tree trade party. TnesnuallU is but
one step in the programme. Speeches in
support of the Mills bill have the real
freo trade ring. San Francisco Call (Ind.
Dem.)
The "solid south" stands by Cleveland
just as it stood by Pierce and by Bu
chanan, because ho is a northern Demo
crat of inferior type, who will do the
sonth's bidding. buffalo Commercial.
William L. Scott is spoken of as the
next chairman of the Democratic Na
tional committee. Mr. Scott is said to
have no superior in the art of spending
money in politics to the best advantage.
Probably the next campaign will be tho
biggest boodle campaign on record. ihu- i
adelphia Inquirer.
Who would have predicted six years
ago that tho national Democratic party j
would have been compelled to rally around
Grover Cleveland a man who at that time i
was as absolutely ignorant of national !
Issues as a man well could be? Buffalo ;
Commercial.
It is said that Secretary Bayard feels
hurt at the majority report on the fishery
treaty. We shoula think he would be so
accustomed by this time to being sat upon
that an additional experience of that kind
would not disturb him. St. Louis Globe
Democrat. The contest for tho prise medal for
Democratic frankness lies between Henry
Watterson, of Kentucky, and Senator
Eustis. uf Louisiana, with the latter three
or four laps in the lead. CoL Watterson
candidly admits that the negro vote at tho
south is suppressed, while Senator Eustis
not only admits that it is suppressed, but
defends and boasts of it. Philadelphia
Press (Rep.)
A CHAT WITH BISMARCK.
An Incident of the Franco-Prussian War.
Editor Halstead.
In tho early morning we walked about
the townlet and entered the ancient
church. A pale French priest said mass
tremulously for a few women draped in
black. Emerging, we passed a white
house, and saw, as if framed ir the
open window, the king of Prussia. J the
Ideal transformations ho had undergone
in portraiture on my way from Paris,
alike the horns and the halos, had
vanished; here was the same bland and
blonde old man, rosy with the morning
air at his open window. We bowed, and
the king answered with a wave of his
hand. The women from the church were
passing, and it occurred to me as hardly
safe for the king to run the risk of a
Corday pistoleuse. A columnar individual
appeared at the king's door, with upheld
linger desiring approach. There was but
one man in Europe with that head and
front Bismarck.
lie said with a pleasant and somewhat
humorous tone, glancing at our civilian
dress, "May I ask where you are from,
gentlemen, ondyourdestination?" "We are
Americans," I said; I think Halstead added,
"just from France." Bismarck opened
our credentials lazily, but I could see his
eye fixed like a solar microscope upon
them. He welcomed us cordially, saying
they desired the course of the war chron
icled for the world, for no country rather
than the United States. "You might not
expect that from such a conservative as I
am supposed to bo." Our papers, he said,
would secure us the good will of German
officers. Should we need food wo might
apply at the king's headquarters. We
must be careful not to fee French fami
lies where we might be quartered; that
might cause dissatisfaction among the
soldiers who could not pay. The families
furnish accounts for all services, which
would be paid. He also admonished us
not to cany arms; otherwise if captured
we might suffer as combatants. This
was all said in excellent English.
Ho made no inquiry about our experi
ences in France. To his ooestion whether
ho could do anything tor us, '.Halstead
said tho one thing he needed was a horse;
ho would pay largely for one. "We are
here," said Bismarck, "a nation on horse
back, and I fear the horse is just whet we
cannot supply." Halstead said, with his
serious smile, "It seems a little hard that
the one thing a man needs and is ready to
Eay for is precisely the thing he can't
avo." "Haven't you generally found
that the case through ilf et ' said Bismarck,
quietly. Ho introduced us to one or two
officers, and as we left the king waved
his hand again. I was pleased with Bis
marck's voice and manner. He was frank
and without egotism. Moncure D. Con
way in The Cosmopolitan.
Education of the Brain.
The brain can be trained just like the
hand. This is the great subject of educa
tion. An empty head is an evil head; an
untrained brain is a mischievous brain.
The brain must bo used all round, and
perhaps the greatest danger of school
education at present is that the memory
is cultivated principally or almost alone.
It is not walking encyclopedias that do
good in the world, but skilled brains, able
to think and not merely to remember. No
teaching is likely to bo of much perman
ent value which does not exercise other
faculties of the mind, the reflection and
judging powers, the power of giving un
divided attention and the power of taking
pains. Interest in the work is essential
to true progress, and the most enduring
knowledge Is that which we teach our
selves. Imagination should be stimulated
by wholesome and stirring stories and all
the wealth of poetry; and the will should
bo educated by forcing ourselves to do our
duties promptly even when disagreeable,
as they so often aro.
Habits are largely the result of train
ing; the same part of the brain is used
over and over again; the nervous energy
travels the same set of fibers from the
same center time after time, until ulti
mately it passes without any centr 1 and
almost unconsciously. The painful fforts
of learning an art in the end give an un
noticed mastery over it. Here is the
danger of self indulgence in any vice.
C. H. Pollock, M. D., it The Chautauquan.
Sarah Bernhardt at Work.
The amount of work which Sarah Bern
hardt has to get through dally would be
enough to kill anybody but a fashionable
actress. Never home from the theatre
before 1 o'clock in the morning, she is to
be seen in her atelier as soon as there is
light enough to work busy finishing her
three busts for the next salon. After a
hasty breakfast a mere apology for a
meal she drives off to the theatre to re
hearse "Therese Baquin" and the other
new pieces hi which she is to appear in
the Course of liar appwiMirnlng profnainnl
tour. While her own drama was In prep
aration at the Odeon she had, after her
long morning drudgery, to spend her af
ternoon in the superintendence, of the re
hearsals; and. not content with the ordi
nary method of coaching the performers
by way of advice and suggestion, she
practically went through the roles her
self as she conceived them on each occa
sion. And, after a day thus spent in
ceaseless toll, there was still the work of
the evening t face her performance In
M. Sardou's drama at the Porte St. Mar
tin. Now that her own piece is off her
hands she will have a little less to do,
and she is quite radiant at the prospect
of having "only fifteen hours' worst a
day" for some time to come. St. James'
Gazette.
.A Sni nasnil gaOnre.
Coir esteemed Mugwump contemporary.
The Boston Herald, complacently remarks
that Mr. Cleveland has done well "except
as a civil reformer," which is a large and
comprehensive reservation with a fence
around it. It recalls the big footed girl
who tried to put Cinderella's slipper on
and gleefully exclaimed: "I've got it on
all hut tho liaoL" Philadelphia Press.
TAKE CARE OF YOUR EYES
GOOD ADVICE GIVEN BY A NEW
YORK OCUUST.
It Is Bare That a Specialist Finds m
Perfect Eye Bow the Eye Should Be
Looked After Bathing the Eyes Con
tagious Diseases.
It seldom happens that a New York
street car makes a trip from its stable to
the terminus of its route without carry
ing at least ono person under 40 years of
age who wears glasses at least when he
reads. This will give the uninitiated
some idea of the prevalence of impaired
eyesight. In a cafo near Madison square
tho other evening a reporter counted eight
spectacled young men out of "twelve sit
ting at five tables in one end of theroomi.
With a view of learning the cause of this
widespread weakness in the visual organs
of the young men of this generation, the
reporter sought Dr. George S. Norton, of
tho Now York Ophthalmic college, a well
known authority upon that subject of
medical practice.
"It is rare that a specialist finds a per
fect eye," ho said. "In nearly every in
stance some defect is found. The most
common complaints aro myopia and hyper
tnytropla, or noar and far sightedness, as
thoy are commonly called. Tho former is
increasing, but the hitter is not. although
the latter is for more prevalent just at
present. The care of the eyes is far more
Important than most men realize. The
improper use of eyes which are weak re
sults hi a variety of complaints. It often
causes headaches, depression and some
times nervous prostration. These can
generally be remedied if not cured by the
uso of glasses. In the purchase of glasses
the sufferer cannot be too carefuL The
use of glasses that are Improperly ad
justed to the eye is oftentimes moro in
jurious than helpfuL Another common
complaint is called astigmatism, which
consists of the irregular curvature of the
cornea. In such cases one part of the eye
may be myopic while the other is hyper
mytroplc. To avoid this, glasses must be
used with lenses specially ground for the
purpose."
CITS Or GOOD ADVICE.
"How should the eyes be taken care oft"
"That depends entirely upon circum
stances. Each man's oyes differ from
those of his fellow No two pairs are
alike. Here aro a few simple directions
in cases of accident which would be well
follow. When a cinder or any foreign
substance gets into the eye, never rub the
eye. Wait a moment, then gently open
and close tho lid; the tears which follow
tikis operation will usually wash out the in
truding substance. However, should it
refuse to go. turn up the lid under which
tho substance is and remove it with a soft
handkerchief. If the substance becomes
imbedded hi tho corner, or eyeball, go to
a physician immediately In bathing the
eyes it makes no material difference, as
has been alleged, whether they aro rubbed
toward the nose or from it. It is inju
dicious, however, to allow water to enter
tho eye, as this act may engender disease.
It should never bo allowed except under
skilled advice. Do not uao the eyes after
they are tired. They should be rested, if
only for a moment. Avoid the use of the
eyes while traveling in a railway carriage
or In a poor light. Do not work with tho
head bent low. Use a sloping desk when
writing Never allow tho light to shine
In your eyes while working; let it come
over the left shoulder, if possible. If this
cannot be accomplished wear a'shade.
Avoid the uso of colored glasses unless
under competent advice, except when ex
posed to bright light, such as the glare of
the sun upon snow or water. Then they
may be used with great benefit. London
smoked glasses, or blue, are the only
colors that should be worn under these
circumstances. Avoid holding a book,
when reading, too near the eyo, as the
nearer it Is hold tho greater tho strain.
On the other hand, do not hold it far
away, as then the strain is even greater.
Contagion is the mest fertile cause of the
spread of external diseases, especially
granular lids. This Is most generally the
case in public institutions, where children
live and sleep together, and often wash
themselves In the same water. Isolation
is tho only known method for preventing
the spread of this disease. A normal eye
should be perfectly strong and not become
easily tired. It should not require the
use of glasses until the age of 40 or 45 has
been reached. By the use of proper glasses
they bhould remain strong indefinitely.
A far sighted man requires glasses for
reading much earlier than a man who is
near sighted. When a person does not
need glasses for reading at 60 years of
age it proves conclusively that he must
have been near sighted in his youth.
New York Mall and Express.
The Staves of China.
The question will naturally arise in
many minds how these vast numbers are
maintained and controlled in servitude
Tho answer 1b that all people are taught
obedienco to the head of the family,
whether that person is the real parent or
whether he merely stands in loco parentis.
The teachings of parents, of the schools,
of the books of religion, and of the gov
ernment, are all In favor of such obedi
ence and submission. There can be no
living In China outside of a family. To be
a nobody's child is to be an outcast, and
hunted like the wolf on the mountains.
In order to live in a house, to travel on
the highways or byways, to buy food or
clothing, to get employment or shelter,
government pass is absolutely necessary,
and that is always based upon a family
pass. All law, all the officials and all the
people of a vast and densely populated
country are joined against any fugitive
from a family.
In addition to all these the terrors of re
ligion and superstition are brought to bear
to enforce obedience to the family law.
It is implicitly believed that those who
are disobedient in this world or outside
tho family association will be wanderers
and outcasts through all the worlds to
come. It is the terrors of this belief that
make the victim of the Chinese family
authority go uncomplainingly to the lin
gering, but sure death of the guano
islands of Peru; to the pestiferous rice
and cane fields of Cuba; and it is theso
terrors of the future which make the un
fortunate slave girls endure lives of shame
and infamy in foreign countries, where by
raising a hand they could be freed. San
Francisco Chronicle.
Chefs and Their Assistants.
One has to look outside the private
houses, no matter how grand they may
appear, to find complete kitchens. Their
number is confined to the hotels and
swell restaurants. The force of a com
plete kitchen embraces a chef, who ought.
tt .the same time, to be a mattre d'hote!,
amThaVe chargebf the" choice antTpreparu
tiou of dishes, and of the adornment of
tho table and dining room without ever
having to put a hand to any of the cook
ing, unless ho chooses to prepare some
sauce of which he is the designer, or to
garnish a dish, as aomo happy notion seizes
him.
The chef in a European palace or castle
is an artist and not a workman. The most
he does Is to prepare sauces, dress maits.
and beautify and make attractive entrees
and cold dishes, dividing all rough and
heavy work among his assistants In such
an establishment there is a sevw-.d cook,
what you might call a meat .-ook. who
prepares the principal disho. :m entre
metier, who has to do with th :. lie made
dishes, the preparation of croquets, frying
of potatoes or hashing of them with cream ;
hi fact, who prepares all vegetables and
does the frying. Then there should be a
pastry cook to look after all tho sweets.
But we must go elsewhere than New York
to find any such kitchen establishments in
private houses. New York Sun.
The Porter of Havana.
Seated at a little table not more than
two feet square, well within the shade of
the cool entradas of the better private
residences and all public buildings, will
be seen a strangely grim and quiet person,
who is usually the only figure in tho fore
ground of a lovely picture comprising
songful court, interior galleries, wondrous
marbles and colored glasses, tropical birds
and flowers. This is the portero. Though
the household depends upon this man for
all wise protection and safety, he is not of
It, and he seems to sit eternally at his little
table, oblivious to everything save his oc
casional immediate duties, rolling out
cigarettes as though his very life depended
upon this task alono. His livelihood prac
tically does, for, though a faithful sort of
animal, he is poorly paid. The many
thousand porteros of Havana have become
on important factor in cigarette manufact
ure. For each 6,000, which in a wheel
like package are called una tarea. they re
ceive un escudo, a sum equal to nineteen
shillings in American money. Edgar L.
Wakeman in New York Mail and ExpresK.
Several Groundless Superstitions.
There are thousands who believe it is
healthy to rise early in the niornlrtg;
whereas it is a hygienic crime for a man
to get up before he wants to. The desire
to sleep late in the morning is one of na
ture's most emphatic intimations that
more timo is needed for repairs. For a
man to go to work in the morning in a
sleepy, semi-comatose condition is simply
gradual suicide. There is another pop
ular delusion that a man should stop eat
ing while he is yet hungry. He might as
well stop breathing before his lungs are
filled. Hunger is tho barometer that tells
the state of the stomach. A man is never
hungry unless he ought to eat. There is
another delusion that night air is un
healthy as if any one could get anything
but night air at night. There is really
no air so unhealthy as day air bottled op
and kept until night There has been
no way discovered for preserving air like
huckleberries by bottling. Yankee Blade.
Railroad Building In Tennessee.
A smart citizen of Tennessee was in
New York a few days ago to see about
raising money for a proposed railroad line
down in his country, and when asked to
explain, he said:
"There's no explanation about tt. This
Is to be a railroad 200 miles long."
"But about the company."
"Oh, that's been organized and all the
officers elected.
"What's the capital?"
"Fifty million dollars."
"How much stock has been token?
"About $300 worth."
"What, only $300 worthy
"That's all, mister, and if you fellers
down here will only pitch in and gobble
up the rest of it, we'll go ahead and niako
things hum." Texas Sittings.
Cleveland Abandoned" as a Reformer.
There were a large number of votes
given to Mr. Cleveland four years ago that
be has done much to alienate. If the elec
tion to coino were to be decided upon his
civil service record .much of the enthusi
asm that was in the independent support
beforo accorded him would be missing,
and there are not a few men who were a
part of this who would decline to repeat
their action. Boston Herald (Mugwump).
An Unacrupulous'PoUtlcal Machine.
The prompt and effective manner in
! tha admlniatratlnn ha dAfnatAd
those Democratic candidates for congress i
who wcro onnoscd to free trade is another
proof of the hypocrisy of the civil service
reform pretensions of President Cleveland.
This country never saw a more unscrupu
lous political machine than the Democratic
party has made of our national govern
ment. Cleveland Leader.
A'Word About tCabbagea,
It Is not well to have cabbages follow
cabbages on the same ground; the plan is
like to result In "club foot." Lime Is
beneficial to the whole cabbage family.
The richer the soil and the better its
preparation, the larger and heavier will
be each head of cabbage. No crop re
sponds more promptly to generous culti
vation than does the cabbage. The plants
should be pushed by frequent stirring of
the soIL
Salt" for Swine.
Salt Is placed first In importance as a
preventive of cholera among swine by an
old Kentucky breeder. He claims that
salt, of all substances. Is the best pro
moter of digestion as well as an antidote
against worms. This breeder has adopted
the plan of salting all his animals in
water tight troughs, keeping a supply of
salt an nand continually. He also feeds
some charcoal with the salt to swine that
are closely penned, and gives ashes occa
sionally under all conditions.
A Philadelphia firm of soap manufact
urers have a kettlo that holds 471,000
pounds of liquids and six kettles that hold
150,000 pounds each.
A rural youth calls the new district
school marm "Experience," because she Is
a dear teacher. Detroit Free Press.
Charge of the light brigade The yearly
appropriation demanded for the caro of the
Btreet lamps. Boston Budget.
Cleveland Greater Than Buchanan.
Buchanan could not coerce a state, but
Cleveland can coerce the whole Demo
cratic party into nominating him. Phila
delphia Inquirer.
Syrup of Figs
Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and the most effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For
ate only by Dowty & Becher. 27-y
THOUGHTS.
Thoughts do not aesd the
70 0710 8078001;
Like subtle ngatalag; not Mke bird
Thejr speak from soul eaeoL
Hide In your heart a Utter thought,
SOU It has power to Ulghtt
Think Love. an, tho yoaaneak R not.
it gives the world i
-Ella V. heeler Wilcox In :
Old People Are DiSWrent.
Old men cronies are among the most in
teresting studies in life; young men have
no particular depth of friendship about
them as a rule. If they quarrel, there's
an end, and probably they will never come
together again. They don't quarrel al
ways; they let one another go and have
no more interest. Old people are different.
When thoy quarrel they have a lively old
quarrel. They abuse one another and
are' very rabid for awhile. Then they
meet accidentally and In a minute they
aro just as they were. They have forgot
ten their fight, what it was about, and the
only danger in any allusion to it Is that
each apologizes to the other so strongly
that It ends in another quarrel. San
Francisco Chronicle "Undertones."
Characteristics Which Surround Old Age
An English physician, who has investi
gated the characteristics and surround
tags of centenarians, says he found that
the average qualities were a good faniUy
history, a well made frame, of average
stature, spare rather than stout, robust,
with good health, appetite and digestion,
capable of exertion, good sleepers, of
placid temperament and good intelligence,
with little need for and little consump
tion of alcohol and animal food. Scien
tific American.
Why Oil "Wears Out."
Oil seems to wear out by long continued
use, and to lose to some extent its lubri
cating qualities. It has been suggested
as a reason for this that the minute spher
ical globules, of which the oil is conceived
to be made up, become flattened by the
wear and pressure, and so do not slide
and roll over each other as easily as be
fore. Boston Budget.
Unwise Economy.
First Canaller Have you bought a horse
yet?
Second Canaller Yes.
First Canaller How much did you pay
for him?
Second Canaller Five dollars.
First Canaller Why not pay $ 7 and get
a good one? Kingston Freeman.
The Charm of Music
Fair Visitor (to convict) I suppose, sir,
that the singing of the birds relieves the
monotony of your dreary life?
Convict (profoundly nonplused) The
singing of tho birds, miss?
Fair Visitor Yes, sir, the little jaii
birds, you know. They must be such a
boon. New York Sun.
A Russian ISeadiag' Room.
A publio reading room, the first of the
kind, has just been opened at St. Peters
burg, in connection with a good library,
to which beoks have been contributed by
some publio spirited citizens. Admittance
is free, and permission is given to borrow
books for reading at home. Public Opin
ion. The Rising Sun.
Old Wimple (solemnly) Young man. to
attain success in this world we must be
up and doing. Do you ever see the sun
rise?
Young man Yes. sir, occasionally.
"When?"
"On my way home." Texas Sif tings.
Women in Journalism.
There are said to be fully 200 women
employed hi editorial capacities on the
various newspapers and journals published
In New York. Twenty-five years ago
there was not one-tenth of this number
similarly employed. New York Evening
World.
As He Pleases.
"Are you fond of the theatre?" ho said,
as they were passing the Bijou.
"Yes, very fond."
"Shall we go into the Bijou?"
"Let it Bijou please," was tho reply.
New York Sun.
A Powerful Empire.
Harlem Teacher1 Tommy Traddles may
tell us what the greatest empire in th
world is.
Tommy Traddles (captain of his nine)
Fugerson; he's de greatest empire. New
York Sun.
On a Pinch.
Mr. Vsnderbllt Is said to be suffering
from dyspepsia. If this Is the result of
employing a $10,000 cook, we shall try to
worry along without employing such an
expensive domestie assistant. Norris
town Herald.
Ordering m Meal.
Young Man (In a loud tone of voice)
Aw waiter, have you quail on toast?
Walter Yes, sir.
Young Man (baa low tone of voices
Bring me some of the toast. Life.
Ssaekiag "Interstate" Cigars.
A great many Interstate cigars are
smoked down town. They are so called
because when they are smoked in New
York they can be amelled in New Jersey.
New York Tribune.
Beth Getting On.
Mistress (to applicant) How old are
you, Bridget?
Applicant (with sigh) Ah! mem,
nayther av us will lver see forty agin.
Harper's Bazar.
An Unnecessary Preeaatlou.
The Georgia clergyman who has Just
preached his own funeral. sermon should
now proceed to contest his own will. Bos
ton Herald.
The largest tree In the country east of
California Is a gnarled old sycamore that
stands in Upper Sandusky. In Ohio It la
forty feet hi droumf erenee.
La Nature claims that a machine of one
horse power would keep 27.000.000
watches going.
What a TarisT for Revenue Means.
The St. Louis Lumberman, a journal
specially devoted to the lumber interests
of the west and south, states, succinctly
and accurately, the consequences of a
"tariff for revenue only" in these words:
1. Such facility for importation of for
eign goods at a shade lower prices than
will givo profit to American manufacturers
as wul result in the reduction of wages to
American labor.
3. Such a lessening of the demand for
American labor in the mechanical arts, in
commetce. In the various branches of
manufacture as shall force tens of thou
sands or men now eiapioyeu ox vnexu into
agricultural pursuits; thus forcing the
Increased output of farms to seek a for
eign market, in which they will have to
compete with tho cheap labor of Russia
and Hungary, and the still cheaper labor
of Eastern India, for a disposal of nine
tenths of their volume.
8. Such total possession of the Ameri
can market of foreign manufactures as
may favor tho formation of foreign
"trusts" which will destroy competition.
4. Such general adversity in the United
States as may make its homo market only
more valuable than that of Spain or Por
tugal, as its area is larger.
Unbroken Record of Blunders.
The position of tho Democratic party
upon the tariff question at this time is not
unlike that held by the party on the
slavery and secession issues in the year
1800. The Democratic leaders now, as
then, both north and south, seem to be
deaf to the voice or reason, and so intoler
ant and devoid of charity that they will
not brook opposition by any member of
the party to the peculiar views of the ex
tremists upon that question, but seem
determined to make the support of the
Mills bill tho test of party fealty. San
Antonio Express, Dem.
' Tho Princess of WaZAVBalfct.
The princess of England, whose com
plexion is not only the finest, but who has
best stood tho wear and tear of time, takes
her morning plunge regularly and In
water fairly cold; but hIio is particularly
careful to promptly make uso of tho flesh
brush, using gloves of moderate rough
ness rapidly over the surface of the body
and, finally, the rough towel in a quick
general rub, occupying both for the hath
and this massage, if one may call it such,
twenty minutes in all. At night tho same
lady's bath Is prepared tepid and of dis
tilled water, the admirable advantage of
which is not properly understood. Every
particle of foreign matter la removed from
distilled water, so that It Is absolutely
pure. It costs about 12 cents per gallon,
and can be used, a quart at a timo, for a
quick sponge bath, with admirable effect,
especially when combined with a littlo
glyce
Tune
iycenne and rose water. Philadelphia
es.
A Circassian In Battle Array.
Were war to embody itself in a human
shape, it could find no better incarnation
than the fierce, tiger like beauty of the
Circassian in his battlo array, with his
shining helmet and ringing mail, his saber
clanking at his side, and his long moun
tain rifle on his shoulder. But oven in
his more peaceful dress of embroidered
white tunic and sheepskin cap. loose black
velvet trousers, and sash of crimson silk,
there is something barbaric and warliko
about his whole appearance which harmon
izes only too well with tho flash of his
eagle eye and the stern compression of
his mustached lips. You can see at a
glance that war and peril and bloodshed
are this man's natural element, and that,
when tamed and civilized, ho will loso not
only his uativo pictnrcsqneness. but even
the very mainspring of his existence.
David Ker in The Cosmopolitan.
Women Who Sell KVirspapcrs.
Tho number of grown women who sell
newspapers on the streets Is constantly
Increasing, and today there are eight of
them, between 80 and 60 years of age,
vending papers at the big bridge entrance
and the immediate neighborhood. Somo
of them are assisted by little sons and
daughters, and one has a buxom girl of 17
or 18. whose raven hair and ruddy cheeks
attract a great deal if not always respect
ful attention There Is not much chivalry
In the newsboys who do not hesitate to
mob a man or haze a boy who Intrudes on
their pouts, but they do not interfere with
tlif?e women, no matter how many cut up
theu business New York Sun.
An AncTeut .tiaViucr.
British residents in Japan are subscrib
ing for the repair of. the gravo of Will
Adams, a British sailor, who was ship
wrecked in Japan In the reign of James I,
and who lived for many years at the Court
of Yedo. where he obtained extraordinary
Influence. His grave was discovered some
years ago on the summit of one of the
hills overlooking the government arsenal
at Yokosuka. near Yokohama.
Rosa Bonheur.
Rosa Bonheur In the streets of Paris is
a large, elderly lady, rather plainly
dressed in block, her gray hair tucked
under a close bonnet. Years ago she
dressed as a boy bo as to attract less at
tention from the bangers on of the
stables, cattle yards and menageries,
which were visited chiefly by men. and
she still wears male attire at home when
at work.
Very Apropos.
AsheviUe. N. C, gets a public building
by tho appropriation bill becoming a law
by lapse of time through the president's
failure to sign it. As he neither signed
nor vetoed it, Ashevillo gets tho building
and he gets the credit. This is for Bun
combe, of which county AsheviUe is the
capital. Indianapolis Journal.
Domestio AfTaim.
Robinson You seem troubled this
morning. Brown, and out of sorts.
Brown Yes, domestic affairs.
Robinson How much do you owe her?
Brown Owe her, owe who?
Robinson Your cook. New York Sun.
Good people die and bad peoploJive.
The man who is fat with health can't get
employment, and the man who is making
money hand over fist has to give up busi
ness on account of ill health.
The First Symptoms
Of all Liingdiseasesareiniirh tin-same :
feverishuess, loss of apiM-titt, .sore
throat, pains in thu chest and bark,
headache, etc. In a few days you may
be well, or, on the other hand, you may
lie down with Pneumonia or " piUnping
Consumption." Uim no risks, but beiti
immediately to take Ayer's Cherry
Pectoral.
Several years ao, Jamns Birchard. of
Darien, Conn., was severely ill. The
doctors said he was in Consumption,
ami that they eould do nothing for him,
but advised him, as a last resort, to try
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. After taking
this medicine, two or three months, lie
was pronounced a well man. His health
remains good to the present day.
J. S. Bradley, Maiden, Mass., writes :
" Three winters ago I took a severo cold,
which rapidly developed into lironchitis
and Consumption. 1 was so weak that
I could not sit up, was much emanated,
and coughed incessantly. I consulted
several doctors, hut they were power
less, and all agreed that I was in Con
sumption. At last, a friend brought me
a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral.
From the first dose, I found relief.
Two bottles cured me, and my health
has since been perfect."
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
rBErARKD BY
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Bold by ll Druggists. Price 1 ; six bottles.t.
National Bank!
COLUMBUB, It:
-HAS AN-
Authorlzed Capital of $250,000,
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And tho largest Paid la Cask Capital of
any bank in this part of the State.
tVDeposita received and interest paid oa
time deposits.
gy Drafts on the prino ipal cities in thiscoaa
try and Europe bought and sold.
'Collections and all other business gdvem
prompt and careful attention.
STOCKBOLDXBS.
A. ANDERSON, Pn't.
J. H. OALJJiY. Vice rres't.
O.T.ROEN. Cashier.
. ANDERSON, V. ANDERSON,
JACOB GRKISKN. HENRY RAQAfjIL
JOHN J. SULLIVAN. W. A. MCALLISTER.
Apr2-'aotf
business gar is.
OULMVAN A BEEDEB,
ATTORNEYS AT LjiW,
Office over First National Bank, Colombo.
Nebraska. SO-tf
T M. iHACFAKLAnU,
ATTORXEY fr XOTARY PUBLIC.
ES'-Offico over First National Bank. Colum
bus, Nebnutkn.
JOHN EUSDEK,
COUXTY SURVEYOR.
ESPartien desiring surveying
drvMM nie at ColunibuH, Neb., or c
in Court llouee.
ilnnA cat, ml
call at m; offictt
imnym-j
T J. CKAiHEK,
CO. SUP'T PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
I will lv in my ofKco in tho Court House, the
third Saturday of eaeh month for thit ezaniius
tion of applicants for teachers certificate, and
for the transaction of other school business.
lBjnn88
VITALCSKjIF BROS.,
DRAY and EXPRESSMEN.
LiKlit and heavy hnulinjr. fioods handled with
care. Headquarter at J. 1. liecker&Co.'sonu-v.
Telephone, 33 and 34. 3Uinur87y
Vf K. TURNER ft CO.,
Proprietors nnd Publishers of tho
COUIUBTJS JCU21TAL 15 1 th UZS. rAMILT J0U2NAL,
Roth, post-paid to any address, for $2.00 a year,
strictly in luivmn-e. Family Journal, $l.tiO a
year.
W. A. MCALLISTER. W. M. CORNELI US.
M'
cALUNTEK sV iORKIlMIM
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
Columbus, Neb.
Office up stairs over Ernst & Sch ware's storn on
Eleventh street. ltJnimyUa
DIE. J. CHAN. Wll,l,,
(Drutsi-hrr Arzt.)
PHYSICIAN and SURGEON,
Columbus, Neb.
EYE ItJSEASEH A SPECIALTY.
Office: Telephono:
Eleventh Street. OHii-e No. ttf: Residence No.87.
22marB7
JOHN G. HIGGINS. C. J. GARLOW.
HIGOHf S & GAXL0W,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Specialty made of Collections by C. J. Harlow
3t-m
RCBOYD,
MANUFACTUnEK OF
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Hoofing and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
CrT-Shop on 13th street, Krause Bro.s old
stand on Thirteenth street. s2tf
GRASS SEEDS !
Clover, Timothy,
Red Top, Millet,
Hungarian and
Blue Grass Seed,
-AT-
HERMINOEHLRICNtlRO'S.
feb'J2-3m
nrriiEA WONDERS exist In
ILL Uthoiisamls of forms, but sro sar
1 1 r C i Pase! by the marvels of invention.
sV ma Sni I Thoso who are in need of profitable
work that can bo done while living at home
should at once send their address to Hallett A
Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in
formation how either sex, of all sues, can earn
from $.' to $- per ilay and upwards whsrever
they live. You are started free. Capital not re
unired. Some have made over $ 50 in a siiiKla
day at this work. All succeed. 87dec'.3y
$500 Rswari !
Wo will pay the above reward for any case of
liver complaint, dyspepsia, sick headache, indi
gestion, constipation or costiveness we cannot
cure with West's Vegetable Liver Pills, when the
directions are strictly complied with. They art
purely vegetable, anu never fail to iv; satisfac
tion. Ivirge Iioxes containing 30 sugar coated
pills, 2Tc For sale by all druggists. Beware of
counterfeits and immitations. The geuuinu
manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST &. CO..
W.J W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. dec7'87y
INVENTION!
has revolutionized
the world during the
last half century.
Not least among th
wonders of inventive Drogress is a method and
ujstem of work that can be performed all over
the country without separating the workers from
their homes. Pay liberal; any ono can do tho
work; either sex. young or old: no special ability
required. Capital not needed; you axe started
free. Cut this out and return to us and we will
send you free, something of great value and im
portance to yon, that will start you in business,
which will bring you in more money right away,
than anything else in the world. Grand outfit
frtf. Address True & Co.. Augusta, Me. decX
I FWJBPsYPaf ftl A book of 100 pace.
fBiAr BSThe best book for aa
atgsjnMB.sjgs.sa KUVCIUKIl AM .JW
lT18INCnlt toe prl-
a iwiw -need or otherwise.
Itcontains lists of newspapers and estimate
ofthecostoradvcrtlsing-.Theadvertlserwho
wants 10 spenu one uouar. nmw w nura in
formation he requires, while forhiui who will
invest one hundred thousand dollars la ad
vertising, a scheme is indicated which will
meet his every requirement, or cam b matt
to do to bg slight changes easily arrived at by cor
respondence. 149 editions have been issued.
Sent, post-paid, to any address for lOoeats.
Write to GEO. 1 RQWELL ft CO..
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING BUBEAU.
tl03oruoeat.PrtaIi ng Houae So,.). Mew York.
S"
