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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (May 2, 1888)
Sm vtrirci imrnral ohmbn VOL. XIX.-NO. 2. COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, MAY 2, 1888. WHOLE NO. 938. CM I. r . i COLUMBUS STATE BAM. COMJMIMJS, XEB. Cash Capital $75,000. DIKKCTOKK: leandku ii-:uuAi:i. Pnvt. til'O. W. HUl-ST. Vice Pre-'t. JUMUSA. KKK1. R. H. HENRY. .1. E.TASKER, Cashier. BaBk of lfioit, IHxcoubi and KichamKC. Collection Promptly JJnI on all 1'olHtM. ly IntcreNt n Time cpoi- or COLUMBUS, NEB. CAPITAL STOCK, $50,000. OFFICERS: C. II.. SHELDON. Pr.-.'t. V. A. MeALLlSTHR. Vic Pres'. hoi-eim' uhlh", c.chier, DANIEL SCIIRAM. Ass't Cash. tl DIRECTORS: J. I'. HECKER. II. '- 11- OEIILRICH, JONAS WELCH, CARL REINKE, II. M. WINSLOVV. o -This Rank transacts a n-iilar Ranking H"ti-nit-s, will allow interest on time deposits, make collection-, buy or 'll xcli:i:tfrt on United Stuttw nuil Kun". and buy and. sell available securities. - it We skill l...l..isvl to receive jour busin.-ss. We solicit ..ur p-itrotce". V.'e g.i:tnint.-e satis faction in all business intrusted in our care. dcctis-Ji? iron the CALL OX A.&M.TURNER Or -. V. K1ICI.KK, TrnveliiiK Jialestmnn. j;CThese organ ar fin.t-cl.-i-s in every lar ticular, anil so juHniutcd. SCHIFFROTH & PLITH, PEVI.F.IIS. IX CHALLENGE WIND MILLS, AND PUMPS. Buckeye Mower, combined, Self Binder, wire or twine. Pumps Repaired on short notice tTOne door west of HeiutzV Drugstore, 11th fctnvt. Columbus. Neb. 17novS-tr HENRY G-ASS. COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES AND DEALER IN Furniture, Chairs. Bedsteads, Bu reaus, TableB, SafeB. Lounges, &c. Picture Frames and Mouldings. Z3T Repairing of all kiiuls of Uphol stery Gooils. o-tl COLUMHUS. NEBRASKA. PATENTS Caveats an.l Trade Marks "j"'.."!.'" ent hnsinc. con. urted for MODhHA Tt K ELS. OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE V. S. PATENT OFFICE. We have no suit-agencies, all liusmef direct hence we c-ui tmtwict intent business in less time and at LESS COST th:in those remote from Washington. Send model, drawing, or photo, with descrip tion. W advise if patentable or not, free of charm. Our fee not dne till patent is secured. A book, "How to Obtain Patents, with reier ence to actual clients in your tat, county or town, nt free. Addres & CO. Opposite Patent Office, Washington, D. C. C0MMEBC1A1 BAM -'"y-. WESTERN GOFTABE (MAN POSSIBLE PRESIDENTS. ANOTHER BATCH OF MEN WHO HAVE BEEN MENTIONED. Governor Alscr of Michigan, Senator Hoar of IUukmuc tiiex.-ttK, Congrt-uman Alcliliilc) ot Ohio, and Senator Frj-e of 3Iaine All Cood Men and True. ItiisM-i A Alger of Michigan was born In Ijify.-tto township. O.. Feb. 27. 1630. He was left an orphan and to his own re- Hutirces lor a nv ing at the age of 11 For 7 years lie worked as a farmer and saved his money, ac rinnulating suf ficient to pay his expenses through a ronrse at tho aideiny at Rich fiel.l 6 After grail nation h o ttmcrlii school for .. , , RCRSKL A AI.GETt. a time, then stud ied law He was admitted to tho bar at Akron in M1. and practiced two years at Cleveland. His health failed and ho recjovw! to Grand Hapids, Mich., and on gaged In tho lumber business. Ho was one of tho first to respond to tho call for troops from Michigan, joining company C, Second Michigan cavalry. Ho mado a most glorious military record, participat ing in sbtty six battles under Sheridan and Custer, becoming, successively, major, lieutenant colonel and colonel, and on his retirement on account of ill health was breveted brigadier general for "gallant and meritorious service in tho field." Us settled in Detroit and becamo onoof tho most estensivo lumber operators in the state, amassing a fortune of over $3,000, 000 llo was elected governor in 1834, and declined a ro-election. George Frisbio Hoar was bora at Oon cord. Mass.. Aug. 29. 182G.andhasaItjs resided in tho state, n graduated frtcx Harvard in 18-10, graduated from Harvard Law school later and began practicing at Worcester Elected to tho Massachusetts Iiouso or repre sentatives in 18GB and to tho Etato senate in 1857. Was then sent to the national con gross, and was re electod to that body four times & : . " v,Vt:,t ' cupi'iicciv'itit" vfln T men eiecieu uuit- eu oiuies cuaiui , and took his seat March 5. 1877; re- GEOKQE K. HO ML f.jected , jg Was deleg-.ito to the Republican national convent ion of 1S70. IScO and 1SS4. He was one of tho managers on tho part of the houso of the Belknap impeachment trial in 1S70 IIo is an honored member of several historical and scientific socie ties, and has received tho degree of IX. D. from William and Mary, Am herst. Yale and Harvard. William McKinley. Jr., of Ohio, was born at Niles. in that state. Feb. 20. 184-1. Ho was attending tho public school at Nile3 when the war broke out, and although under tho stipulated ago ho succeeded in enlisting ana passing examina tion. Ho roso gradually from tho ranks, through succes sive promotions to tho captaincy of his company, and when mus tered out was brevet major. Ho then studied law. was admitted to the bar and was WTIXIAM M KIXIXT. prosecuting attorney of Stark county from 1SC0 to 1871. IIo was first elected to tho Forty-fifth cougrcss and has served the Seventeenth district of Ohio steadily in that branch over sinco. Mr. McKinley is no congressional "wall flower." Ho has been ono of tho most activo and efficient members and has held several important chairmanships. Ho was ono of tho Republican members of tho ways antf mean3 sub-committco on tho tariff, an 1 was tho author of tho famous minority report which so scathingly criticised the provisions of tho bill and tho majority's methods in makuig it up. William Pierco Frye. of Maine, was born in Lewiston in that state. Sept. 2, 1S30: graduated at Bowdoin in 1850; studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practico at Rock land, but after a few years moved to Lowiston, where ho has since resided. Ho served in the state legislature from 1S61 to 18G7, was a prosidontial elector on tho Lin WII.T.tAM P. FKYE. coln ticket in 1804. mayor of Lewiston in 1S0T-C7. attorney general of Maine in 1807-09. no was then elected to congress 6ix times in succession, serving from 1871 to 1S81. When James G. Blaino resigned from tho senate to become President Gar field's secretary of state, Mr. Frye was elected to fill the vacancy, and in 18S3 he was elected to a full term. He has been a member of tho Republican national com mittee sinco 1872. Mr. Frye was inter ested iu tho distribution of the Geneva award and in commercial legislation. Lately his voico has been heard on the fisheries question, which ho has always given his closest attention, and on the tariiT. Ho is a trustee of Bowdoin, and received tho dagreo of LL. D. from Bates iulSSL A Tarty Tli at Backs Up Forger. Tho influence of every distinguished namo in Indiana belonging to tho Demo cratic party, with scarcely an exception, has been cast in the scale for the purpose of screening men who were known to bo felons, and who have now been convicted and sentenced as such. Not only did William H. English say to Coy after his conviction. "Tho wholo Democratic party is at your back;" not only did Governor Gray and Senator McDonald devote their eloquence at Tomlinson hall to a pane gyric upon tho trusted representative of Democracy, but when William Henderson went to Washington to secure tho prose cution of the indicted men ho was astounded to learn that Bynum, Voorhees and McDonald had all solicited of tho at torney general a dismissal of the case, that these criminals might go unpunished. Indianapolis Journal. S .r.oW S$?kL WW'li CvS v:i FACTS FOR MILL OPERATIVES. Wage psid iay sad Piece Hauda la America, England and Germany. Below Is a table showing the average weekly rate of wages paid In woolen fac tories in the United States (Massachu setts), France (Riieims district), England (Yorkshire district), and Germany (Rhen ish district). It is impossiblo to doubt tho accuracy of this table, as Carroll D. Wright is responsible for the United States figures. ex-Consul Frisbio for those of France. Robert GifTen for tho English, and ex-Consul Du Bols for those of Ger many: Occupation. United Enjf- Ger- Wool sorter States. France, land. man;-. Men f9 43 f5 82 5 76 $5 50 Women 0 00 8 70 2 40 3 60 Young persona 0 12 200 1(0 1 tt) Spinners Men (overseers) WOO 6 60 6 00 6 60 Spinners. 0 09 6 00 5 00 6 25 Women 6 18 3 00 8 00 8 00 Young persons 4 61 300 ISO 100 Piecers 6 00 S 00 2 50 2 40 Weavers Men 8 53 4 67 4 80 4 25 Women 7 45 4 00 3 49 4 00 Mechanics 13 40 6 25 5 50 BOO Laborers 8 58 8 75 8 35 8 00 Thus we see, according to official au thority, wages are 100 per cent, higher in the woolen and worsted industry in the United States than in any of tho Euro pean countries. No ono claims that the duty on wool and woolens combined Is 100 per cent. Tho manufacturers would rather psy 013 a week than $0 a week. So long as they are adequately protoctcd they aa pay $13 a week. Bodooa the duty end xrsgaa must ho reduced propor tknatefy. Abolish the duty and trages must ultimately sink to the Earopssa standard, or tho industries migrato t Bcsqpcsa counbiex TCOBsro goods Rolc'ire &e&usl cost ot labor la a xtooIoh mm of 221 hands in Providcnco and of a rJmilar raill in Bradford, England, accord ing to Mr. Charles Fletcher: .-Knriikmce-- -7imfl7crfL-. ORxnoII boys and Eiris.HyeerrJLCJ 5 $MSS $1 U G7 rfUcnsII boynend tfrls.lSyoai3oM.60 CU SU S30 30 bors end Bids, Slyearsoia CO 7) SO 350 Ci. 3nccSxafcands..13W CO CO ( 2 orersssa . -C2VI Co IStf 1 siperiAesdRBt..J6Cd "30 CB 15 CO 15 C !bensrr. . SCC 101 lOtt' S folK & dj bone TO 4" 19 S3 Cf 1 traffhwrw M0 Hi J- Ci CCf 2 machinists far re pairs. ISO 500 t 15 03 ?cIorfcs 15 O 09 TO 14 00 Total cost ot weekly pay roll. vtXTS3 ICSSVi 107.U3 per cent. In favor ot Providence opera tives. Now, 100 per cent, is under, rather than over, tho average difJcrcnco between the wage lists of tho two countries. It might be worth while for our Democratic free trade laboring men to paste this table in their hats and this fact in their memory and go and brood a while. New York Press. Southern Republican States. Tho signs of activity among tho Repub licans of tho south are very cheering, especially to those of us in the north who have been insistent for years that tho southern states should not bo abandoned, but that tho national committee should plan for and conduct precisely tho same sort of a canvass in what may bo termed tho "doubtful states" of tho south that they do in tho doubtful states of the north. What wo mean by tho "doubtful states" of the south ore tho states about whoso vote there can bo no possible doubt if it was allowed to bo cast and counted, and which, in tho present condition of both political and industrialaffairs, may bo wrested from Democratic control and added to the Republican column, despite tho obstacles that seem to be hi tho way. Tho states of Tennessee, North Caro lina, the Virginias, Louisiana, Florida and ono or two others are unquestionably Re publican on a full vote and fair count. Tho Republicans of tho nation should not bo content to let these states be longer counted by tho Democracy by reason of murder, outrage, intimidation, suppres sion. The Journal has always been in favor of a campaign in these southern states backed by all the force and Influ ence of tho national Republican commit tee and the Republican party of the northern states. Gen. Harrison has kept this question steadily to the front, and it is the front, bottom, vital question, not only of this campaign, but of all cam paigns. It will remain the paramount, dominant question until it is settled that a free and equal ballot and fair, equal representation are assured in every state of the Union. We press this matter upon the attention of the Republican party. Tho next campaign ought to bo predicated upon the idea of rescuing the Republican vote of the southern states and of break ing tho solid south of Democracy and crime. It can be done; it should be done; it must be done. Indianapolis Journal The Renocratle Dflei Congressman Scott, of Pennsylvania, who is Mr. Cleveland's first lieutenant in tho conduct of his campaign, is said to lay much stress upon the tariff question, and is quoted as saying that "if tho Democrats pass a tariff bill they will havo to go into tho canvass and show- that It is a good one. and that if they cannot pass ono they must go before the people and give the reason why " Right you are, Mr. Scott. Indianapolis JournaL Tho Rock ea Wbleb They Split. The prospect is that protectionist Dem ocrats in Georgia will not this year sup port free trado Democratic nominations. Gradually but surely the question of pro tection to American industries will play severe havoc with the Democratic party hi tho south. Troy Times. Peculiarities of lichens. The lichen is remarkable for the great ago to which it lives; there is good ground for believing that they endure as long as 100 years. An authority states that some plants have been found by actual observa tion to endure 45 years. Their growth is exceedingly slow, indicating that only a, little nourishment serves to keep them alive. In a dry time they have power of suspending growth altogether, renewing it again at the fall of rain. In time of rata they change their color, becoming greener. Another interesting fact about lichens is that they grow only whero the air is free from smoke or dust. They are never found growing in the neighborhood of towns, where the atmosphere is im pregnated with soot and smoke. Thus these plants afford an indication of the purity of the air. Forest and Stream, Novel Movable Dam. A Pittsburg mechanical engineer has in vented a cove) movable dam, by the use of which, he claims, a boating stage of water may be obtained in shallow rivers at all seasons of the year. The invention has been examined by old river men and pronounced practicable. The inventor is o2 years old. New York World. MICmGiVN PINERIES. The hard and dangerous work "done by the loggers. Lumbering Operations la the Pine For est ot the Northwest TFork Done by the "Cant Book' Men "Skldway" and "Hanking Ground" Dynamite. Nowhere on tho globe is the rotation of horse and man in the accomplishment of great labor and tho production of enor moos results so clearly seen as in the l lumbering operations of tho northwestern 1 pineries. From tho timo when the first log Is cut from the first Hdlen pine in ' September, until tho last log is delivered at tho banking ground, not later than tho ides of March, horse and man handlo tho lof together. This Is how the work is done: Camp established and tho main roads lined out through tho timber to bo cut, gangs of men go to work. One man moves ahead, selects trees, chops a deep notchon that sido of the tree toward which hewauts it' id falL Two men fol low him with axes and a cross-cut saw. The axes are for the incidental occasion which may ariso for their uso. Tho saw is the real guillotino of tho forest. The sawyers begin on tho standing tree op posite tho aforesaid notch, and saw to ward that. If tho tree leans that way It will somotimes break through six inches of solid wood, and swoop down with a screech of tho sundering fibers that can be heard a long distance. Tho tree onco down, tho leader of the gang that "fell" it measures off tho logs and "tops' it; that is. ho trims up the limbs whero necessary, and goes on to notch another tree while tho sawyers are cutting tho first into logs. Thencomo tho "swampers." a gang of men and horses, who cut away tho brush, roll ono end of tho log upon a. "drag," and haul it off to the "skidway," where It Is piled to await being taken to tho banking ground. Tho skidway is itself a rollway. as the banking ground is. If tho logs are to bo loaded upon cars the skidway must be built as high as tho platform of the car. If upon sleighs, thou only high enough to admit of rolling them upon the bunks, or "bed" oftho sleigh. But in either case the piles of logs bo gathered may be large, and yet largest where they are completed and left to be moved by sleighs. I have seen them piled in hugo roof shaped masses thirty and forty feet high. Lying thus, snow collects in tho Interstices, melts and freezes until tho pile has be come solidified. In that condition it is often found when tho loaders approach it to break down tho pile and load It upon the sleighs. The work is often dangerous, becauso the logs are not taken from tho top of tho pilo, but from Its bottom. Only tho most skillful, as well as powerful, "cant hook men" make up the loading gangs. I havo seen a gong break out tho bottom log of a skidway that allowed a perpendicular front of thirty feet. At Its base in the roadway stands tho sleigh strong enough to withstand the shock of u mountain fall; tho horses are unhitched and moved fsway and only tho men aro in danger. A foreman stands watchful over all; men pry and pull and strain together, moving tho resisting log only a hair's breadth, as it seems, so cautious are they. As they pull they watch tho mass above them, and when at lost it starts those men bound away as if shot out of catapults, and down come tho ley logs bounding with a roar. Tho sleigh is covered with them; and onco in such a fall I saw a hugo log caught and held on end on top of a half loaded sleigh. Then comes tho haul. Tho roads aro wide, level and smooth, and a pair of the kingly horses trained to tho work will haul a load of fourteen tons in a day when the Blcigh shoes do not stick to the snow. Such a load, peaked up into tho air six feet abovo tho horses, with tho teamster astride of tho top log talking familiarly to his "Nig" and "Joo," or some equally domestic names, by which his horses are known, as thoy walk easily away with the huge mass, is a bight that would make the boys and girls of tho world wild with delighted astonishment. But thero is danger here, too. A slight lurch side ways will sometimes break a chain "binder" and the load goes down. At the banking ground, on a clear cold winter day, with the mercury 20 degs. below zero, the scene is unique. This is the only part of the work in which the horses cannot help. The logs are rolled out from the sleighs by tho men. It is often hard work. A green pino log that scales from 500 to 800 feet is a heavy thing to handle. Rollways or banking grounds are al ways chosen at that point on stream or lake where tho height of tho bank and the depth of water will best facilitate piling logs in winter and floating them in spring. High bank and deep water aro best, but tho majority of rollways aro on low banks and shallow streams, not from choice, but from necessity. The logs aro dropped from sleighs or cars upon tho bank and rolled off until the river is filled some times almost across the channel, leaving only a sluiceway. This dams the water and gives greater forco, that is utilized in breaking tho rollways in when tho drive begins. The logs, piled often a dozen deep or more, weigh the ice down to tho bottom; the water rises among tho bot tom tiers of logs and they freeze together. There is danger in breaking in a rollway, just as there is In breaking down a skid way. In both cases the work is done from the front and bottom of the pile. In tho moving of frozen logs dynamite is often used. Cartridges are fastened to long poles, the waterproof fuse is ignited and the foreman thrusts the curtridgo down through the water as well under tho logs as his limited timo will permit. Bay City (Mich.) Cor. Chicago Herald. PITH AND POINT OF POLITICS. harp Shooting Along the line Before the Opening of the Battle. The greatest enemy to Lowell mills is Mills. Lowell Citizen. Business will continue to suffer until the Mills tariff bill Is killed and President Cleveland's re-election defeated. Roches ter Democrat and Chronicle. Township and municipal elections in Indiana show Republican gains. In fact the straws everywhere aro pointing in a direction not at all pleasing to the De mocracy. Minneapolis Tribune. The simple and solo objection to the ad mission of Dakota as a state is that it would probably go Republican at the national election. Providence JournaL The New York Evening Post, Mug wump, seems to think that this is a good time to keep standing in its columns President Cleveland's various declarations against tho political activity ot oiilco holders. So it is, for it affords an inter esting opportunity for contrasting his promises with his performances. Boston Journal. Cleveland, the avowed free trader, takes tho place in Mugwump affection left by Cleveland, tho pretended civil bct vlca rofonnor. Syracuso Standard. There will bo no Mugwumps in tho campaign of 1888. Thoso that havo not returned to the Republican party havo afuliatod long eoough with tho corrupt Democracy to bo classed as bona fide Bourbons. Itsoams to boacaso of no body's loss and nobody's gain. Cleveland Leader. A. Mbsloxa Is a man who is resigned to Iho will of AU&h; a Ifagwump (of tho political rlntago of 1SS3) is a man who ro sS"d to tho xriil of Grover Cleveland. Ho tncy wish that tho president had willed to 60 differently as to certain mat ters; ho may vooder and even grievo, but bq is rcsigmod. Hartford Cburant. Democrats hvn not tho fairness to eumit flat they wero beiteacn tho pro tection issue, cad that tho tariff conti nent Is stronger than ever in Rhode IsIcniL But that is the lesson which tho action tcaahca. Pittsburg Commercial Gazotto. SstselaiT Falrclnlu6 request for an ap propriation of $450,000 for uso In collect ing tho revenues means that thero is not only a dclicioncy 01 money in tho service, but a deficiency of ability also. Philadel phia Press. Tho Mugwumps havo laid away tho civil scrvieo reform issuo In camphor to keep tho Democratic administration moths from "hewing it all to tinder. But thoy aro happy enough "with tho other dear creature," freo trado. Springfield Union. "No soldiers need apply" is a fair ver sion of tho Democratic pension commit tco's report to congress on tho dependent pension bill, for which an overwhelming majority of Grand Army mon havo peti tioned. Now York Procs. Tho Democratic party always opposed tho tariff, and it is not therefore tho proper party to revise it. It is not in fa vor of protection to any industry. Its solo aim is to destroy protection. Cleveland Leader. A Fanlty Mall Service. Don M. Dickinson has had tho audacity to refer to the postal service as "excel lent." And this in fuco of tho complaints that are being made all over tho country, from Boston to San Francisco. Tho first named city has by its persistent demands upon the department succeeded in obtain ing a somewhat better servico with Now York, but the fault tinders aro just as nu melons :is ever and they aro just as loud One of the most recent petitions to the postotlice department caiuo from New Or leans, showing the condition of the scrv ice between that city and Covington, thirty miles distant, and with which it has railroad communication. Tho mail for Covington leaves New Orleans at 10 o'clock in tho evening: it goes to a junc tion point and lies until the next evening, when it is sent to its destination, to be distributed tho following morning. There fore the Coventors get their New Orleans morning papors forty-eight hours after they aro printed The peoplo of New Or leans and Covington who took exception to this state of affairs have been told by tho chief of the railway mail servico that tho "complaint is well founded," but he says: "1 regret very much my inability to do any tiling in tbiscaso." Tho depart ment may exert itself a little and hire a mail carrier to drive a horse between the two places it may, but it probably will not. Rochester Herald. Progress Under the Tariff. J. R. Leeson has been writing for the British American Citizen on tho tariff. In an admirable article ho gives tho follow ing figures, controverting tho statement that no other nation in this or any other ago has mado anything liko the samo pro gress in material prosperity that has been made by England during the last half century: 1830L Total wealth or Great Britain. 123,500,000,000 Total wealth of United States 8,430,000,000 1882. Total wealth of Great Britain S43,COO,000,000 Total wealth of United States (1680). 48,050,000,000 1880 vaix or KixtrrACTUKEs. Great Britain 811.000,000-84,055.000,000 United States 1,112,000,000 5,500,000,000 The per centum of increase in thirty years was, for Great Britain over 100 per cent.; for the United States almost 600 percent. 1880 VALUE Or AGRICULTURAI. AXD PASTOOAI. PRODUCTS. Great Britain i."-J56,000.000-fl,2SO,000.000 United States 601,000,000 3,030,000,000 Yet wo are told that the tariff is ruin ing the country. Boston Commercial Bulletin. There Are Some Free Spirits Left. Roger Q. Mills speaks for the adminis tration in his bill, and It will receive all the assistance that President Cleveland, with 100.000 offices at his disposal, can give it. Bad as it is. It will receive the votes of the overwhelming majority of tho Democratic votes in congress. But it will not pass. There are enough Demo crats who have not bowed the knee to the freo trado Baal or stooped the neck to the Cleveland collar to insure the defeat of tho measure. Brooklyn Times. To Keep riant In Winter. A new principle for keeping plants through tho winter without artificial heat was recently shown nt Regent's park, London, with tho plants grown in them last winter. The essence of the invention Is that all light and heat shall previonsly pass through a shallow layer of water. The water Is found to exercise rreat con trol over temperature, protecting plants entirely from frost In winter and from excessive direct heat in summer. The application involves no difficulty. In the cne of a garden frame a sliding "water liuht," alwut three Inches deep, is made to lit over the frame containing the plants, the only difference from a class light being that it holds water and is al ways placed in u lint position. The depth of water generally kept in the tank is nlout two inches in summer and winter, and half the depth in spring and autumn. Popular Science Monthly. Happiness is nu art, and we have to learn how to he happy, just as we havo to learn how to be good. Uncle Esek. Syrup of r'ij;H Is Nature's own trtio laxative. It is the most easily taken, and tho most effective remedy known to Cleanse the System when Bilious or Costivo; to dispel Head aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc. Manufactured only by the California Fig Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For sale only by Dowty & Becher. 27-y FARM, FIELD AXD GARDEN. JseiSBBBBSa isBBBBBBS TRUSTWORTHY INFORMATION ON MANY POINTS OF INTEREST. Important Work That Ought to Be Ac complished la Orchards Dorlag The (Jrowlug Season -Bow to Begulate the Growth of Trees and Prosuote Fruit ful Many persons think when they have finished the annual pruning of vines and tree tbelr work is ended, but it not un f requeutly occurs that young trees, during the growing season, require considerable attention In way of pinching to regulate the growth and to promote frultfulnesa This Is an Important operation in the management of trees, aa It obviates the ne cessity of heavy amputations being made at the whiter or spring pruning. Instead of allowing certain superfluous or mis placed ihoota to acquire their full develop ment at the expense of other parts, many horticulturists pinch these early, and give to the necessary parts or branches of tho tree nutriment which they would have appropriated If allowed to remain. In this way'one Is able to obtain results in oue season, that two or more would bo required for If winter pruning was wholly depended on. In pinching to promote frultfulness, tho check given to the extension of the shoot concentrates the sap In the part remain ing and unless the chock has been given very early in the season, or tho growth Is very vigorous In the tree, so that tho buds will break and form shoots, they are cer tain to prepare for tho production of fruit. It la a useful operation In the case of vigorous growing and tardy bearing vari eties The mode of performing It Is to pinch off the end of the shoot with the finger and thumb. The time to perform it depends wholly on circumstances. If the object be to regulate growth, then the time to do It la when the tendency to un due or ill proportioned growth Is first observable and this will be from the time the young shoots aro two to threo Inches long and upward If the object bo to in duce frultfulness. the length which tho shoots should attain before being pinched depends upon tho nature or modo of growth and bearing of the species. In a general way it may be advised to pinch early the soft extremities of tho shoots on the vigorous parts, and as late as possible on the feeble parts, excepting always any shoots which may be too vigorous foi their position. Remember that the leaves servo to pro pare the sap absorbed by the roots for tho nourishment of tht tree and aid tho forma tion of buds on the shoots All trees, therefore, deprived of their leaves aro lia ble to perish. This principle shows how dangerous It is to remove a largo quantity of leaves from trees under tho pretext of aiding the ripening of tho fruit. Thinning out fruit while It Is small is another Important work where fine, well developed specimens are desirable In performing this thinning out be sure and leave a large amount of fruit on the strong part of tree 01 vine, and remove the whole or greatei part from the feeble. Brief DeBnlttoa of Hllos and Ensilage. Ensilage Is forage that was cut when green and has been preserved In a silo for feeding to stock. Silo Is properly a pit with air tight sides and bottom, but the name Is also used to designate a receptacle for ensilage constructed wholly abovo ground The pit Is commonly walled up with stone or brick, with bottoms and sides so cemented as to be air and water tight, and where the ground Is solid enough to admit of It the cementing may be done on the earthen aides. as la often practiced in building cisterns for holding water Silos above ground may be made of heavy masonry or concrete walls, but more com monly of wood. In the last case the silo is really a large wooden box with ends and sides made air tight by smooth boards nailed together double, and Inclosing y lining of tarred roofing paper betweeu them. First, sills are laid on smooth dry ground for a foundation, next a frame of 3 by 6 studding la set up, strengthened with girts and braces and well bound to gether so as to withstand tho pressure from within. The double boards with the tarred paper form the lining of the silo inside of the studding, and the out side Is weather boarded In the usual way. leaving an air chamber between It and the air tight lining The whole must be roofed over to protect It from rain, unless constructed Inside of a building, the whole or a part of which can be used for that purpose, and the bottom must be ce mented. Sweet Corn. It Is better to plant sweet corn In rows than In hills, and if the plants are thinned out to about eight Inches apart in the rows, with the rows four and a half feet apart, the yield will be larger than that gained from hills. Large areas of field corn are nowadays usually planted in drills and corn planters and cultivators are generally adopted Flat shallow cul ture Is gaining new advocates every sea son. especially In the eastern and mlddlo states In the northern and western states the system of "checking" corn is still practiced to some extent. By successive plantings, mado every two weeks, tho season of sweet corn can be Indefinitely prolonged Numbered with early varieties that havo gained deserved popularity are the "Early Cury" and "Northern Pedigree." Manure In the HI1L Aa to applying manure In the hill, tlus method, according to Southern Cultivator, la not so safe a rule. It is better that the manure used on all crops should be thoroughly mixed with the soil rather than in the hill, especially if in quantity or in lumps, for it soon dries out when the rains stop, then It Injures rather than benefitH the crop. And. besides, some manurca are too strong for young plants They do not need so much nourishment at the start; but when they have attained considerable size, and have Bent out root lets all through the soil, then plant food Is demanded in abundance, and if It has tieen thoroughly Incorporated with the soil it will be found and taken up IN THE VEGETABLE GARDE .' Opportune Suggestions Valuable Alike to Amateurs and Market tirlenrs. At least three things are essential to secure paying crops of vegetables viz.. a suitable soli well supplied with plant food, pure seed and clean culture. To produce the best and most uniform re sults, the vegetable garden must have at least one foot of friable rich soil. Mark the garden off into rows or beds of con venient size, to facilitate the practice of a rotation of crops which la an Important matter. At a ruio. ao not let trie same crops occupy tho samo bed or spot two years in succession. Potatoes and a few other things may form an exception to this general rule, but it Is wise to keep up the rotation. Progressive gardeners now grow every thing in drills or straight lines, not ex cepting corn and potatoes. Not only aro larger crops from a given surfaco grown In tins way but cultivation becomes easier. Remember In tho preparation of soil for vegetables that thorough prepara tion previous to dropping tho seed greatly lessens tho after culture of the crop. This Is especially truo of corn. Great care ought always to bo observed In tho selection of seeds, and it is best to take for tho main crops tho varieties that havo been tested In tho vicinity and found trustworthy. This, howover. need not prevent the trial of now varieties In a moderate way. No safe rule can be estab lished as to tho depth at which different seeds should bo sown, as tho weather and varieties of soil must bo considered. If continued damp weather could bo assured the rulo observed by somo of covering the seed to a depth equal to Its own thick ness would bo a safo one. At whatever depth the seeds are sown tho soil ought to be brought into contact with it by firming with a board or back of a spado. If yoii do not grow asparagus for mar ket, at least raise enough for your owu tablo. It Is a healthful luxury within the reach of everybody who tills tho smallest plot of land. In planting for private uso sot out In beds fivo feet wide, threo rows in a bed. tho outer being each ono foot from tho edge, and allow twelvo inches in the rows: set tho plants at least six inches below tho surfaco. For market gardening on a large scale set four feet apart ono way and one and a half tho other, which will allow tho uso of a horso mid cultiva tor to keep tho weeds under. Every fall a good dressing of coarso manure should be applied after tho tops have lcen cut, and In the spring forked In. Tho roots need tho benefit of somo foliago during tho year, for If every sprout Is persistently cut as It appears tho roots weaken and die and tticre will bo no asparagus next year. Tho best results liavo been obtained by leaving ono good stalk to grow up. say about a foot apart each way in tho bed and then cutting out all tho small "grass." Celery is another luxury that Is often wanting in tho kitchen and garden, though it Id ono of tho market gardener's rcmuuer ative crops. In private gardens it is cheaper to buy tho plunts. Let the celery follow somo early crop. It setting out celery plants bo careful and firm tho earth well about the roots Indeed. In tho transplanting of all vegetables observe tho rulo of finning tho soil around tho plant In transplanting such plants as the strawberry tho fibrous roots should he spread out as much as possible, while the root of a tap rooted plant, as a cabbage or beet, should bo placed regularly up and down and not bent upon itself. In sandy soil it Is often necessary, in a drought dur ing tho transplanting season, to water the plants after setting out. In this cose cover the watered surfaco with dry soil to prevent baking. Facts Worthy or Note. Northern Podlgree. ono of tho very early varieties of sweet corn. Is very dwarf, with small ears. No lawn con be maintained In good order long without successive rollings Rolling should be dona in tho spring he fore the ground becomes dry Tho carrot should always bo furnished a good, deep, rich soil. Sow in drills about an Inch deep, tho drills about a foot apart. At thinning tho plants should he loft four to ten Inches apart, according to the variety Tho merits of trench culture with potatoes is that It secures a loose, fine tilth not only at the roots, but partial larly around tho stems where tho tubers form. Tho system checks evaporation, and the depression of the rows turns into the rows much of tho rainwater falling between them, which would bo otherwise largely wasted. The green pea season may bo made an Indefinitely long one by successive plant Ings So may the lettuco season. It has been decided that tho $15,000 ap propriatlon for agricultural experiments in New York state is to go to Cornell uni verslty The ttl-.e In Value of Horse. Tho rise in value In horses sinco 1879 has been tho most noticeahlo feature in farm stock values. Tho highest prices of the inflation period were reached in i860, averaging $84.10. declining from that date to tho lowest ebb of agricultural do presslon In 1879 to $52.41 Tho present price Is nearly that of 1874. and does not differ much from the valuo of 1869 re duced to gold, showing that tho price of horses Is now relatively high, and furnish ing a solid reason for tho increase In num bers and for the frequent expression of correspondents that horses and mules pay tho stock grower better than any other class of animals. Thero Is another good reason for the unyielding prices of horses In a time of general shrinkage of values viz., the improvement In quality by thoroughbred blood, and especially the increase of weight by the general dis tribution of French and English draught llOWUXI .. .- -- The First Symptoms Of all Lung diseases are much the same: fcverisluirtw, loss of appetite, sore throat, pains in the che.it and hack, headache, etr. In a few days yon may le well, or, on the other hand, 'on may le down with Pneumonia or " jj:il!o;injj Consumption." Kim no risk, hut I-iu immediately to take Ayor's Cherry 1'oetoral. Seeral years ao, .James ISirehanl. of Darieti, Conn , was severely" ill. Tho doctors said he iii in t'oiniiiiiption, and that they could Io ti.itlim for h:m. but adviied him. ;n:i last report, to try Ayer'd Cherry Pectoral. After taking this meilieilie, two or three months, he was pronounced a well man. 1 1 is health remains good to the present day. J. S. Bradley, Maiden, Mass.. writes : "Three winters ago I took a severe cold, which rapidly developed into llronehitis anil Consumption. 1 was so weak that I could not sit up, was much emaciated, and coughed incessantly. I consulted several doctors, hut they were power less, and all agreed that I was in Con sumption. At last, a friend brought me a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. From the first dose, found relief. Two bottles cured me. and my health has since been perfect." Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, PRErARKD nv O Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. Bold by all Druggists. Price I ; six bottles. i. National Bank ! or COLUMBUS. Iff SUB. -HAS AN- Authorized Capital of $250,000. A Surplus Fund of - $20,000, Ami the larKeot Paid im Cash Capital of nnr bunk in thin part of the State. CWlVjiosits received and interest paid oa timedefMMita. fSDrafttt on the princ ijial cities in this conn try and Kuropo boiiKht anil Mold. t3('oUection and all other business gitea prompt and careful attention. HTOCKUOLUERS. A.ANDKUSON. Prea't. J. H.IJAI.LEY. Vice Pres't. O.T. HO EN. Cashier. (LANDKHHON, P. ANUEHUON. JACOKUHEIMEN. HENHY KAdATZ. JOHN J. SULLIVAN. W.A.McALLISTEk ApfJS-'NJtf business ards. W it. ncALLINTER, AriUi;XEY r XOTARY PUItUC. OIKco upstairs in Henry'n bnihlinjr. corner of Olive and 11th Htreet. nn10-87y w. .Tl. COKItKfLlUM, LAW AND COLTJICTIOK OFFICE. Upntairn Ernwt Imililinif. 11th street. CIII.IVASI Ac KKEDER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Ollico over Kiixt National Hnnk, Cohimbns. Nehranka. Ml-tf c. I. fKYAft, m. .. I'lIYSICI.lX .I.V SL'KOKOX. rw-Oliioe ami mourn, (Hnrk huililinjr, Uth ttrect. Icloplioiir communication. 4.y y Tl. TIACPAKI,A3il. ATTOKXKY ,tt XOTARY PUliUC. KTOHice over Firet National Rank. Coluni Ihim, Nebraska. COl'XTY SCKYKYOR. Jiv" Purlieu tlcsirinic eiir-.eyintr done can ad-iln-KH in,, at Columbus, Nell., or cull at my offico in ( oiirt House. SmayWy t .i.'Katii:k, CO. SCR'T. I'CliUU SCHOOLS. I will lie in my oiliiv in the Court House, thu tlunl bat unlay of each month for the examina tion of applicants for teacher, cttrtificatoM, and for the transaction of other school husinmtH lKjftll1 Yy-A .-,.' KUOK., DRA Yawl EXPRESSMEN. Licht .iii.l heavy hnulintr. CimkIh handled w'j'' '"'"';- Herol.itmrten.itt J. P. Meeker & l'o.'s ollice. lelephoiie. :aanil2. SOuinrSTy D' K. J. CHAM. WIM.l', (I'-utsclier Arzt.) PHYSICIAN ami SURGEON, Columbus. Neh. RYE IHSKASES A SPECIALTY. Office: Telephone: I-.leeuth btreet. Office No.4ti:lUiilencNo.B7. J2mar87 JOHN (I. HKJOINS. C. J. HARLOW. Collection Attorney. HIGGLES & GABLOW, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW, Slecialty made of Collection! by ( T. J. Harlow 3t-m RCBOYD, aiANCFACTcuna or Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware ! Job-Work, Hoofing and Gutter ing a Specialty. CwShop on 13th street, Kniu Rro.'a old stand. 3-tf GRASS SEEDS ! Clover, Timothy, Red Top, Millet, Hungarian and Blue Grass Seed, -AT HERMINOEHLRICHtBRO'S. feb'iWni nrmSEA WONDERS xit in 1 1 L L Uthousamw of forms, bnt are sar li" pnssel by the marvels of invention. sw assWI Those ho are in new I of profitable work that can 1 ilone while living at home should nt once send their niMrcsn to Hnllxtt & Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in formation how either sex, or all hk-h, enn earn from $.1 to i- er day and upward wherever they live. Tiou are starts I free. Capital not re quired. Some hare made orer 50 in a ninulo day at this work. All succeed. 87lec2Hy S500 Reward ! We will pay theabore rewnrd for any cam of liter cumplnint, lsiepsia, sick headache, indi gestion, constipation or costivenesw we cannot cure with WestV Vegetable Liver Pilln, when the directions are strictly complied with. They are purely vegetable, anil never fail to Kire satisfac tion. Ltrice boxes containing 30 Hucar coated pills, iT.c. For salehy all dniirciHtM. Reware of counterfeits and immitatioiiH. The Kcnuino manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST A CO., J W. Madison St., Chicao, III. decT'oTy INVENTION! hart revolntionizvd the world during tho last half centurr. Not least amomr the wonitersoi inventive progress is a method and system of work that can !x performed all over the country without separating tho workers from their homes. Pay lilieral; any one can do the work; either sex. yonng or old: no special ability required. Capital not needed; jou art. started fr e. Cut this out nnd retnrn to tin and we will send yon fne, something of great value and im portance to j on. that will start yon in business, which will bring jou in more money right away, than anvthing else in the world, (irand outfit fve. Address True & Co.. Augusta. Me. decW NEPArfrl jflpVEnTlSIHe A book of 100 page. The best book for aa advertiser to con sult, be be experi enced or otherwise. It contains I ist s of newspapers and estimates of the cost of advertising. The advertiser who wants to spend ono dollar, fluds lu Itthe in formation he requires while forhim who will Invest one hundred thousand Iollars In ad vertising, a scheme la indicated whloh will meet his every requirement, or can btwutdt to do to by ilightehanqtteatily arrmedat 6jf cor respondence. It9 edition have been issued. Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 casta. Write to GEO. P. RQWEIX ft CO.. NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING BUREAU. aosortsMatrarflaB'iiouMSq.), Mew York.