Nebraska Newspapers

    Sm
vtrirci
imrnral
ohmbn
VOL. XIX.-NO. 2.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, MAY 2, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 938.
CM
I.
r .
i
COLUMBUS
STATE BAM.
COMJMIMJS, XEB.
Cash Capital
$75,000.
DIKKCTOKK:
leandku ii-:uuAi:i. Pnvt.
til'O. W. HUl-ST. Vice Pre-'t.
JUMUSA. KKK1.
R. H. HENRY.
.1. E.TASKER, Cashier.
BaBk of lfioit, IHxcoubi
and KichamKC.
Collection Promptly JJnI on
all 1'olHtM.
ly IntcreNt n Time cpoi-
or
COLUMBUS, NEB.
CAPITAL STOCK,
$50,000.
OFFICERS:
C. II.. SHELDON. Pr.-.'t.
V. A. MeALLlSTHR. Vic Pres'.
hoi-eim' uhlh", c.chier,
DANIEL SCIIRAM. Ass't Cash.
tl
DIRECTORS:
J. I'. HECKER. II. '- 11- OEIILRICH,
JONAS WELCH, CARL REINKE,
II. M. WINSLOVV.
o -This
Rank transacts a n-iilar Ranking H"ti-nit-s,
will allow interest on time deposits, make
collection-, buy or 'll xcli:i:tfrt on United
Stuttw nuil Kun". and buy and. sell available
securities.
- it
We skill l...l..isvl to receive jour busin.-ss.
We solicit ..ur p-itrotce". V.'e g.i:tnint.-e satis
faction in all business intrusted in our care.
dcctis-Ji?
iron the
CALL OX
A.&M.TURNER
Or -. V. K1ICI.KK,
TrnveliiiK Jialestmnn.
j;CThese organ ar fin.t-cl.-i-s in every lar
ticular, anil so juHniutcd.
SCHIFFROTH & PLITH,
PEVI.F.IIS. IX
CHALLENGE
WIND MILLS,
AND PUMPS.
Buckeye Mower, combined, Self
Binder, wire or twine.
Pumps Repaired on short notice
tTOne door west of HeiutzV Drugstore, 11th
fctnvt. Columbus. Neb. 17novS-tr
HENRY G-ASS.
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES
AND DEALER IN
Furniture, Chairs. Bedsteads, Bu
reaus, TableB, SafeB. Lounges,
&c. Picture Frames and
Mouldings.
Z3T Repairing of all kiiuls of Uphol
stery Gooils.
o-tl COLUMHUS. NEBRASKA.
PATENTS
Caveats an.l Trade Marks "j"'.."!.'"
ent hnsinc. con. urted for MODhHA Tt K ELS.
OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE V. S. PATENT
OFFICE. We have no suit-agencies, all liusmef
direct hence we c-ui tmtwict intent business in
less time and at LESS COST th:in those remote
from Washington.
Send model, drawing, or photo, with descrip
tion. W advise if patentable or not, free of
charm. Our fee not dne till patent is secured.
A book, "How to Obtain Patents, with reier
ence to actual clients in your tat, county or
town, nt free. Addres & CO.
Opposite Patent Office, Washington, D. C.
C0MMEBC1A1 BAM
-'"y-.
WESTERN GOFTABE (MAN
POSSIBLE PRESIDENTS.
ANOTHER BATCH OF MEN WHO
HAVE BEEN MENTIONED.
Governor Alscr of Michigan, Senator
Hoar of IUukmuc tiiex.-ttK, Congrt-uman
Alcliliilc) ot Ohio, and Senator Frj-e
of 3Iaine All Cood Men and True.
ItiisM-i A Alger of Michigan was born
In Ijify.-tto township. O.. Feb. 27. 1630.
He was left an orphan and to his own re-
Hutirces lor a nv
ing at the age of
11 For 7 years
lie worked as a
farmer and saved
his money, ac
rinnulating suf
ficient to pay his
expenses through
a ronrse at tho
aideiny at Rich
fiel.l 6 After
grail nation h o
ttmcrlii school for
.. , , RCRSKL A AI.GETt.
a time, then stud
ied law He was admitted to tho bar at
Akron in M1. and practiced two years at
Cleveland. His health failed and ho
recjovw! to Grand Hapids, Mich., and on
gaged In tho lumber business. Ho was
one of tho first to respond to tho call for
troops from Michigan, joining company C,
Second Michigan cavalry. Ho mado a
most glorious military record, participat
ing in sbtty six battles under Sheridan and
Custer, becoming, successively, major,
lieutenant colonel and colonel, and on his
retirement on account of ill health was
breveted brigadier general for "gallant
and meritorious service in tho field." Us
settled in Detroit and becamo onoof tho
most estensivo lumber operators in the
state, amassing a fortune of over $3,000,
000 llo was elected governor in 1834,
and declined a ro-election.
George Frisbio Hoar was bora at Oon
cord. Mass.. Aug. 29. 182G.andhasaItjs
resided in tho state, n graduated frtcx
Harvard in 18-10, graduated from Harvard
Law school later and began practicing at
Worcester Elected to tho Massachusetts
Iiouso or repre
sentatives in 18GB
and to tho Etato
senate in 1857.
Was then sent to
the national con
gross, and was re
electod to that
body four times
& : . " v,Vt:,t
' cupi'iicciv'itit" vfln
T men eiecieu uuit-
eu oiuies cuaiui ,
and took his seat
March 5. 1877; re-
GEOKQE K. HO ML f.jected , jg
Was deleg-.ito to the Republican national
convent ion of 1S70. IScO and 1SS4. He
was one of tho managers on tho part of
the houso of the Belknap impeachment
trial in 1S70 IIo is an honored member
of several historical and scientific socie
ties, and has received tho degree of
IX. D. from William and Mary, Am
herst. Yale and Harvard.
William McKinley. Jr., of Ohio, was
born at Niles. in that state. Feb. 20. 184-1.
Ho was attending tho public school at Nile3
when the war broke out, and although
under tho stipulated ago ho succeeded
in enlisting ana
passing examina
tion. Ho roso
gradually from
tho ranks,
through succes
sive promotions
to tho captaincy
of his company,
and when mus
tered out was
brevet major.
Ho then studied
law. was admitted
to the bar and was
WTIXIAM M KIXIXT.
prosecuting attorney of Stark county
from 1SC0 to 1871. IIo was first elected
to tho Forty-fifth cougrcss and has served
the Seventeenth district of Ohio steadily
in that branch over sinco. Mr. McKinley
is no congressional "wall flower." Ho
has been ono of tho most activo and
efficient members and has held several
important chairmanships. Ho was ono of
tho Republican members of tho ways antf
mean3 sub-committco on tho tariff, an 1
was tho author of tho famous minority
report which so scathingly criticised the
provisions of tho bill and tho majority's
methods in makuig it up.
William Pierco Frye. of Maine, was
born in Lewiston in that state. Sept. 2,
1S30: graduated at Bowdoin in 1850;
studied law, was
admitted to the
bar and began
practico at Rock
land, but after a
few years moved
to Lowiston,
where ho has since
resided. Ho
served in the state
legislature from
1S61 to 18G7, was
a prosidontial
elector on tho Lin
WII.T.tAM P. FKYE.
coln ticket in 1804. mayor of Lewiston in
1S0T-C7. attorney general of Maine in
1807-09. no was then elected to congress
6ix times in succession, serving from 1871
to 1S81. When James G. Blaino resigned
from tho senate to become President Gar
field's secretary of state, Mr. Frye was
elected to fill the vacancy, and in 18S3 he
was elected to a full term. He has been
a member of tho Republican national com
mittee sinco 1872. Mr. Frye was inter
ested iu tho distribution of the Geneva
award and in commercial legislation.
Lately his voico has been heard on the
fisheries question, which ho has always
given his closest attention, and on the
tariiT. Ho is a trustee of Bowdoin, and
received tho dagreo of LL. D. from Bates
iulSSL
A Tarty Tli at Backs Up Forger.
Tho influence of every distinguished
namo in Indiana belonging to tho Demo
cratic party, with scarcely an exception,
has been cast in the scale for the purpose
of screening men who were known to bo
felons, and who have now been convicted
and sentenced as such. Not only did
William H. English say to Coy after his
conviction. "Tho wholo Democratic party
is at your back;" not only did Governor
Gray and Senator McDonald devote their
eloquence at Tomlinson hall to a pane
gyric upon tho trusted representative of
Democracy, but when William Henderson
went to Washington to secure tho prose
cution of the indicted men ho was
astounded to learn that Bynum, Voorhees
and McDonald had all solicited of tho at
torney general a dismissal of the case,
that these criminals might go unpunished.
Indianapolis Journal.
S .r.oW S$?kL
WW'li
CvS v:i
FACTS FOR MILL OPERATIVES.
Wage psid iay sad Piece Hauda la
America, England and Germany.
Below Is a table showing the average
weekly rate of wages paid In woolen fac
tories in the United States (Massachu
setts), France (Riieims district), England
(Yorkshire district), and Germany (Rhen
ish district). It is impossiblo to doubt
tho accuracy of this table, as Carroll D.
Wright is responsible for the United
States figures. ex-Consul Frisbio for those
of France. Robert GifTen for tho English,
and ex-Consul Du Bols for those of Ger
many: Occupation. United Enjf- Ger-
Wool sorter States. France, land. man;-.
Men f9 43 f5 82 5 76 $5 50
Women 0 00 8 70 2 40 3 60
Young persona 0 12 200 1(0 1 tt)
Spinners
Men (overseers) WOO 6 60 6 00 6 60
Spinners. 0 09 6 00 5 00 6 25
Women 6 18 3 00 8 00 8 00
Young persons 4 61 300 ISO 100
Piecers 6 00 S 00 2 50 2 40
Weavers
Men 8 53 4 67 4 80 4 25
Women 7 45 4 00 3 49 4 00
Mechanics 13 40 6 25 5 50 BOO
Laborers 8 58 8 75 8 35 8 00
Thus we see, according to official au
thority, wages are 100 per cent, higher in
the woolen and worsted industry in the
United States than in any of tho Euro
pean countries. No ono claims that the
duty on wool and woolens combined Is 100
per cent. Tho manufacturers would
rather psy 013 a week than $0 a week.
So long as they are adequately protoctcd
they aa pay $13 a week. Bodooa the
duty end xrsgaa must ho reduced propor
tknatefy. Abolish the duty and trages
must ultimately sink to the Earopssa
standard, or tho industries migrato t
Bcsqpcsa counbiex
TCOBsro goods
Rolc'ire &e&usl cost ot labor la a xtooIoh
mm of 221 hands in Providcnco and of a
rJmilar raill in Bradford, England, accord
ing to Mr. Charles Fletcher:
.-Knriikmce-- -7imfl7crfL-.
ORxnoII boys and
Eiris.HyeerrJLCJ 5 $MSS $1 U G7
rfUcnsII boynend
tfrls.lSyoai3oM.60 CU SU S30
30 bors end Bids,
Slyearsoia CO 7) SO 350 Ci.
3nccSxafcands..13W CO CO (
2 orersssa . -C2VI Co IStf
1 siperiAesdRBt..J6Cd "30 CB 15 CO 15 C
!bensrr. . SCC 101 lOtt'
S folK & dj
bone TO 4" 19 S3 Cf
1 traffhwrw M0 Hi J- Ci CCf
2 machinists far re
pairs. ISO 500 t 15 03
?cIorfcs 15 O 09 TO 14 00
Total cost ot
weekly pay roll. vtXTS3 ICSSVi
107.U3 per cent. In favor ot Providence opera
tives. Now, 100 per cent, is under, rather than
over, tho average difJcrcnco between the
wage lists of tho two countries. It might
be worth while for our Democratic free
trade laboring men to paste this table in
their hats and this fact in their memory
and go and brood a while. New York
Press.
Southern Republican States.
Tho signs of activity among tho Repub
licans of tho south are very cheering,
especially to those of us in the north who
have been insistent for years that tho
southern states should not bo abandoned,
but that tho national committee should
plan for and conduct precisely tho same
sort of a canvass in what may bo termed
tho "doubtful states" of tho south that
they do in tho doubtful states of the
north. What wo mean by tho "doubtful
states" of the south ore tho states about
whoso vote there can bo no possible doubt
if it was allowed to bo cast and counted,
and which, in tho present condition of
both political and industrialaffairs, may
bo wrested from Democratic control and
added to the Republican column, despite
tho obstacles that seem to be hi tho way.
Tho states of Tennessee, North Caro
lina, the Virginias, Louisiana, Florida and
ono or two others are unquestionably Re
publican on a full vote and fair count.
Tho Republicans of tho nation should not
bo content to let these states be longer
counted by tho Democracy by reason of
murder, outrage, intimidation, suppres
sion. The Journal has always been in
favor of a campaign in these southern
states backed by all the force and Influ
ence of tho national Republican commit
tee and the Republican party of the
northern states. Gen. Harrison has kept
this question steadily to the front, and it
is the front, bottom, vital question, not
only of this campaign, but of all cam
paigns. It will remain the paramount,
dominant question until it is settled that
a free and equal ballot and fair, equal
representation are assured in every state
of the Union. We press this matter upon
the attention of the Republican party.
Tho next campaign ought to bo predicated
upon the idea of rescuing the Republican
vote of the southern states and of break
ing tho solid south of Democracy and
crime. It can be done; it should be done;
it must be done. Indianapolis Journal
The Renocratle Dflei
Congressman Scott, of Pennsylvania,
who is Mr. Cleveland's first lieutenant in
tho conduct of his campaign, is said to
lay much stress upon the tariff question,
and is quoted as saying that "if tho
Democrats pass a tariff bill they will havo
to go into tho canvass and show- that It is
a good one. and that if they cannot pass
ono they must go before the people and
give the reason why " Right you are,
Mr. Scott. Indianapolis JournaL
Tho Rock ea Wbleb They Split.
The prospect is that protectionist Dem
ocrats in Georgia will not this year sup
port free trado Democratic nominations.
Gradually but surely the question of pro
tection to American industries will play
severe havoc with the Democratic party
hi tho south. Troy Times.
Peculiarities of lichens.
The lichen is remarkable for the great
ago to which it lives; there is good ground
for believing that they endure as long as
100 years. An authority states that some
plants have been found by actual observa
tion to endure 45 years. Their growth is
exceedingly slow, indicating that only a,
little nourishment serves to keep them
alive. In a dry time they have power of
suspending growth altogether, renewing
it again at the fall of rain. In time of
rata they change their color, becoming
greener. Another interesting fact about
lichens is that they grow only whero the
air is free from smoke or dust. They are
never found growing in the neighborhood
of towns, where the atmosphere is im
pregnated with soot and smoke. Thus
these plants afford an indication of the
purity of the air. Forest and Stream,
Novel Movable Dam.
A Pittsburg mechanical engineer has in
vented a cove) movable dam, by the use
of which, he claims, a boating stage of
water may be obtained in shallow rivers
at all seasons of the year. The invention
has been examined by old river men and
pronounced practicable. The inventor is
o2 years old. New York World.
MICmGiVN PINERIES.
The hard and dangerous work
"done by the loggers.
Lumbering Operations la the Pine For
est ot the Northwest TFork Done by
the "Cant Book' Men "Skldway" and
"Hanking Ground" Dynamite.
Nowhere on tho globe is the rotation of
horse and man in the accomplishment of
great labor and tho production of enor
moos results so clearly seen as in the
l lumbering operations of tho northwestern
1 pineries. From tho timo when the first
log Is cut from the first Hdlen pine in
' September, until tho last log is delivered
at tho banking ground, not later than tho
ides of March, horse and man handlo tho
lof together. This Is how the work is
done:
Camp established and tho main roads
lined out through tho timber to bo cut,
gangs of men go to work. One man
moves ahead, selects trees, chops a deep
notchon that sido of the tree toward
which hewauts it' id falL Two men fol
low him with axes and a cross-cut saw.
The axes are for the incidental occasion
which may ariso for their uso. Tho saw
is the real guillotino of tho forest. The
sawyers begin on tho standing tree op
posite tho aforesaid notch, and saw to
ward that. If tho tree leans that way It
will somotimes break through six inches
of solid wood, and swoop down with a
screech of tho sundering fibers that can
be heard a long distance.
Tho tree onco down, tho leader of the
gang that "fell" it measures off tho logs
and "tops' it; that is. ho trims up the
limbs whero necessary, and goes on to
notch another tree while tho sawyers are
cutting tho first into logs. Thencomo
tho "swampers." a gang of men and
horses, who cut away tho brush, roll ono
end of tho log upon a. "drag," and haul it
off to the "skidway," where It Is piled to
await being taken to tho banking ground.
Tho skidway is itself a rollway. as the
banking ground is. If tho logs are to bo
loaded upon cars the skidway must be
built as high as tho platform of the car.
If upon sleighs, thou only high enough to
admit of rolling them upon the bunks, or
"bed" oftho sleigh. But in either case
the piles of logs bo gathered may be large,
and yet largest where they are completed
and left to be moved by sleighs. I have
seen them piled in hugo roof shaped
masses thirty and forty feet high. Lying
thus, snow collects in tho Interstices,
melts and freezes until tho pile has be
come solidified. In that condition it is
often found when tho loaders approach it
to break down tho pile and load It upon
the sleighs.
The work is often dangerous, becauso
the logs are not taken from tho top of tho
pilo, but from Its bottom. Only tho most
skillful, as well as powerful, "cant hook
men" make up the loading gangs. I havo
seen a gong break out tho bottom log of a
skidway that allowed a perpendicular
front of thirty feet. At Its base in the
roadway stands tho sleigh strong enough
to withstand the shock of u mountain
fall; tho horses are unhitched and moved
fsway and only tho men aro in danger. A
foreman stands watchful over all; men
pry and pull and strain together, moving
tho resisting log only a hair's breadth, as
it seems, so cautious are they. As they
pull they watch tho mass above them, and
when at lost it starts those men bound
away as if shot out of catapults, and
down come tho ley logs bounding with a
roar. Tho sleigh is covered with them;
and onco in such a fall I saw a hugo log
caught and held on end on top of a half
loaded sleigh.
Then comes tho haul. Tho roads aro
wide, level and smooth, and a pair of the
kingly horses trained to tho work will
haul a load of fourteen tons in a day when
the Blcigh shoes do not stick to the snow.
Such a load, peaked up into tho air six feet
abovo tho horses, with tho teamster
astride of tho top log talking familiarly
to his "Nig" and "Joo," or some equally
domestic names, by which his horses are
known, as thoy walk easily away with
the huge mass, is a bight that would
make the boys and girls of tho world wild
with delighted astonishment. But thero
is danger here, too. A slight lurch side
ways will sometimes break a chain
"binder" and the load goes down.
At the banking ground, on a clear cold
winter day, with the mercury 20 degs.
below zero, the scene is unique. This is
the only part of the work in which the
horses cannot help. The logs are rolled
out from the sleighs by tho men. It is
often hard work. A green pino log that
scales from 500 to 800 feet is a heavy
thing to handle.
Rollways or banking grounds are al
ways chosen at that point on stream or
lake where tho height of tho bank and the
depth of water will best facilitate piling
logs in winter and floating them in spring.
High bank and deep water aro best, but
tho majority of rollways aro on low banks
and shallow streams, not from choice, but
from necessity. The logs aro dropped
from sleighs or cars upon tho bank and
rolled off until the river is filled some
times almost across the channel, leaving
only a sluiceway. This dams the water
and gives greater forco, that is utilized in
breaking tho rollways in when tho drive
begins. The logs, piled often a dozen
deep or more, weigh the ice down to tho
bottom; the water rises among tho bot
tom tiers of logs and they freeze together.
There is danger in breaking in a rollway,
just as there is In breaking down a skid
way. In both cases the work is done from
the front and bottom of the pile. In tho
moving of frozen logs dynamite is often
used. Cartridges are fastened to long
poles, the waterproof fuse is ignited and
the foreman thrusts the curtridgo down
through the water as well under tho logs
as his limited timo will permit. Bay
City (Mich.) Cor. Chicago Herald.
PITH AND POINT OF POLITICS.
harp Shooting Along the line Before
the Opening of the Battle.
The greatest enemy to Lowell mills is
Mills. Lowell Citizen.
Business will continue to suffer until
the Mills tariff bill Is killed and President
Cleveland's re-election defeated. Roches
ter Democrat and Chronicle.
Township and municipal elections in
Indiana show Republican gains. In fact
the straws everywhere aro pointing in a
direction not at all pleasing to the De
mocracy. Minneapolis Tribune.
The simple and solo objection to the ad
mission of Dakota as a state is that it
would probably go Republican at the
national election. Providence JournaL
The New York Evening Post, Mug
wump, seems to think that this is a good
time to keep standing in its columns
President Cleveland's various declarations
against tho political activity ot oiilco
holders. So it is, for it affords an inter
esting opportunity for contrasting his
promises with his performances. Boston
Journal.
Cleveland, the avowed free trader,
takes tho place in Mugwump affection
left by Cleveland, tho pretended civil bct
vlca rofonnor. Syracuso Standard.
There will bo no Mugwumps in tho
campaign of 1888. Thoso that havo not
returned to the Republican party havo
afuliatod long eoough with tho corrupt
Democracy to bo classed as bona fide
Bourbons. Itsoams to boacaso of no
body's loss and nobody's gain. Cleveland
Leader.
A. Mbsloxa Is a man who is resigned to
Iho will of AU&h; a Ifagwump (of tho
political rlntago of 1SS3) is a man who ro
sS"d to tho xriil of Grover Cleveland.
Ho tncy wish that tho president had
willed to 60 differently as to certain mat
ters; ho may vooder and even grievo, but
bq is rcsigmod. Hartford Cburant.
Democrats hvn not tho fairness to
eumit flat they wero beiteacn tho pro
tection issue, cad that tho tariff conti
nent Is stronger than ever in Rhode
IsIcniL But that is the lesson which tho
action tcaahca. Pittsburg Commercial
Gazotto.
SstselaiT Falrclnlu6 request for an ap
propriation of $450,000 for uso In collect
ing tho revenues means that thero is not
only a dclicioncy 01 money in tho service,
but a deficiency of ability also. Philadel
phia Press.
Tho Mugwumps havo laid away tho
civil scrvieo reform issuo In camphor to
keep tho Democratic administration moths
from "hewing it all to tinder. But thoy
aro happy enough "with tho other dear
creature," freo trado. Springfield Union.
"No soldiers need apply" is a fair ver
sion of tho Democratic pension commit
tco's report to congress on tho dependent
pension bill, for which an overwhelming
majority of Grand Army mon havo peti
tioned. Now York Procs.
Tho Democratic party always opposed
tho tariff, and it is not therefore tho
proper party to revise it. It is not in fa
vor of protection to any industry. Its solo
aim is to destroy protection. Cleveland
Leader.
A Fanlty Mall Service.
Don M. Dickinson has had tho audacity
to refer to the postal service as "excel
lent." And this in fuco of tho complaints
that are being made all over tho country,
from Boston to San Francisco. Tho first
named city has by its persistent demands
upon the department succeeded in obtain
ing a somewhat better servico with Now
York, but the fault tinders aro just as nu
melons :is ever and they aro just as loud
One of the most recent petitions to the
postotlice department caiuo from New Or
leans, showing the condition of the scrv
ice between that city and Covington,
thirty miles distant, and with which it
has railroad communication. Tho mail
for Covington leaves New Orleans at 10
o'clock in tho evening: it goes to a junc
tion point and lies until the next evening,
when it is sent to its destination, to be
distributed tho following morning. There
fore the Coventors get their New Orleans
morning papors forty-eight hours after
they aro printed The peoplo of New Or
leans and Covington who took exception
to this state of affairs have been told by
tho chief of the railway mail servico that
tho "complaint is well founded," but he
says: "1 regret very much my inability
to do any tiling in tbiscaso." Tho depart
ment may exert itself a little and hire a
mail carrier to drive a horse between the
two places it may, but it probably will
not. Rochester Herald.
Progress Under the Tariff.
J. R. Leeson has been writing for the
British American Citizen on tho tariff. In
an admirable article ho gives tho follow
ing figures, controverting tho statement
that no other nation in this or any other
ago has mado anything liko the samo pro
gress in material prosperity that has been
made by England during the last half
century:
1830L
Total wealth or Great Britain. 123,500,000,000
Total wealth of United States 8,430,000,000
1882.
Total wealth of Great Britain S43,COO,000,000
Total wealth of United States (1680). 48,050,000,000
1880 vaix or KixtrrACTUKEs.
Great Britain 811.000,000-84,055.000,000
United States 1,112,000,000 5,500,000,000
The per centum of increase in thirty
years was, for Great Britain over 100 per
cent.; for the United States almost 600
percent.
1880 VALUE Or AGRICULTURAI. AXD PASTOOAI.
PRODUCTS.
Great Britain i."-J56,000.000-fl,2SO,000.000
United States 601,000,000 3,030,000,000
Yet wo are told that the tariff is ruin
ing the country. Boston Commercial
Bulletin.
There Are Some Free Spirits Left.
Roger Q. Mills speaks for the adminis
tration in his bill, and It will receive all
the assistance that President Cleveland,
with 100.000 offices at his disposal, can
give it. Bad as it is. It will receive the
votes of the overwhelming majority of
tho Democratic votes in congress. But it
will not pass. There are enough Demo
crats who have not bowed the knee to the
freo trado Baal or stooped the neck to the
Cleveland collar to insure the defeat of
tho measure. Brooklyn Times.
To Keep riant In Winter.
A new principle for keeping plants
through tho winter without artificial heat
was recently shown nt Regent's park,
London, with tho plants grown in them
last winter. The essence of the invention
Is that all light and heat shall previonsly
pass through a shallow layer of water.
The water Is found to exercise rreat con
trol over temperature, protecting plants
entirely from frost In winter and
from excessive direct heat in summer.
The application involves no difficulty. In
the cne of a garden frame a sliding
"water liuht," alwut three Inches deep, is
made to lit over the frame containing the
plants, the only difference from a class
light being that it holds water and is al
ways placed in u lint position. The depth
of water generally kept in the tank is
nlout two inches in summer and winter,
and half the depth in spring and autumn.
Popular Science Monthly.
Happiness is nu art, and we have to
learn how to he happy, just as we havo to
learn how to be good. Uncle Esek.
Syrup of r'ij;H
Is Nature's own trtio laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and tho most effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilious or Costivo; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For
sale only by Dowty & Becher. 27-y
FARM, FIELD AXD GARDEN.
JseiSBBBBSa isBBBBBBS
TRUSTWORTHY INFORMATION ON
MANY POINTS OF INTEREST.
Important Work That Ought to Be Ac
complished la Orchards Dorlag The
(Jrowlug Season -Bow to Begulate the
Growth of Trees and Prosuote Fruit
ful
Many persons think when they have
finished the annual pruning of vines and
tree tbelr work is ended, but it not un
f requeutly occurs that young trees, during
the growing season, require considerable
attention In way of pinching to regulate
the growth and to promote frultfulnesa
This Is an Important operation in the
management of trees, aa It obviates the ne
cessity of heavy amputations being made
at the whiter or spring pruning. Instead
of allowing certain superfluous or mis
placed ihoota to acquire their full develop
ment at the expense of other parts, many
horticulturists pinch these early, and give
to the necessary parts or branches of tho
tree nutriment which they would have
appropriated If allowed to remain. In
this way'one Is able to obtain results in
oue season, that two or more would bo
required for If winter pruning was wholly
depended on.
In pinching to promote frultfulness, tho
check given to the extension of the shoot
concentrates the sap In the part remain
ing and unless the chock has been given
very early in the season, or tho growth Is
very vigorous In the tree, so that tho buds
will break and form shoots, they are cer
tain to prepare for tho production of fruit.
It la a useful operation In the case of
vigorous growing and tardy bearing vari
eties The mode of performing It Is to
pinch off the end of the shoot with the
finger and thumb. The time to perform
it depends wholly on circumstances. If
the object be to regulate growth, then the
time to do It la when the tendency to un
due or ill proportioned growth Is first
observable and this will be from the time
the young shoots aro two to threo Inches
long and upward If the object bo to in
duce frultfulness. the length which tho
shoots should attain before being pinched
depends upon tho nature or modo of
growth and bearing of the species.
In a general way it may be advised to
pinch early the soft extremities of tho
shoots on the vigorous parts, and as late
as possible on the feeble parts, excepting
always any shoots which may be too
vigorous foi their position.
Remember that the leaves servo to pro
pare the sap absorbed by the roots for tho
nourishment of tht tree and aid tho forma
tion of buds on the shoots All trees,
therefore, deprived of their leaves aro lia
ble to perish. This principle shows how
dangerous It is to remove a largo quantity
of leaves from trees under tho pretext of
aiding the ripening of tho fruit.
Thinning out fruit while It Is small is
another Important work where fine, well
developed specimens are desirable In
performing this thinning out be sure and
leave a large amount of fruit on the strong
part of tree 01 vine, and remove the whole
or greatei part from the feeble.
Brief DeBnlttoa of Hllos and Ensilage.
Ensilage Is forage that was cut when
green and has been preserved In a silo for
feeding to stock. Silo Is properly a pit
with air tight sides and bottom, but the
name Is also used to designate a receptacle
for ensilage constructed wholly abovo
ground The pit Is commonly walled up
with stone or brick, with bottoms and
sides so cemented as to be air and water
tight, and where the ground Is solid enough
to admit of It the cementing may be done
on the earthen aides. as la often practiced in
building cisterns for holding water Silos
above ground may be made of heavy
masonry or concrete walls, but more com
monly of wood. In the last case the silo is
really a large wooden box with ends and
sides made air tight by smooth boards
nailed together double, and Inclosing y
lining of tarred roofing paper betweeu
them.
First, sills are laid on smooth dry
ground for a foundation, next a frame of
3 by 6 studding la set up, strengthened
with girts and braces and well bound to
gether so as to withstand tho pressure
from within. The double boards with
the tarred paper form the lining of the
silo inside of the studding, and the out
side Is weather boarded In the usual way.
leaving an air chamber between It and the
air tight lining The whole must be
roofed over to protect It from rain, unless
constructed Inside of a building, the whole
or a part of which can be used for that
purpose, and the bottom must be ce
mented.
Sweet Corn.
It Is better to plant sweet corn In rows
than In hills, and if the plants are thinned
out to about eight Inches apart in the
rows, with the rows four and a half feet
apart, the yield will be larger than that
gained from hills. Large areas of field
corn are nowadays usually planted in
drills and corn planters and cultivators
are generally adopted Flat shallow cul
ture Is gaining new advocates every sea
son. especially In the eastern and mlddlo
states In the northern and western
states the system of "checking" corn is
still practiced to some extent.
By successive plantings, mado every
two weeks, tho season of sweet corn can
be Indefinitely prolonged Numbered
with early varieties that havo gained
deserved popularity are the "Early Cury"
and "Northern Pedigree."
Manure In the HI1L
Aa to applying manure In the hill, tlus
method, according to Southern Cultivator,
la not so safe a rule. It is better that
the manure used on all crops should be
thoroughly mixed with the soil rather
than in the hill, especially if in quantity
or in lumps, for it soon dries out when
the rains stop, then It Injures rather than
benefitH the crop. And. besides, some
manurca are too strong for young plants
They do not need so much nourishment at
the start; but when they have attained
considerable size, and have Bent out root
lets all through the soil, then plant food
Is demanded in abundance, and if It has
tieen thoroughly Incorporated with the
soil it will be found and taken up
IN THE VEGETABLE GARDE .'
Opportune Suggestions Valuable Alike
to Amateurs and Market tirlenrs.
At least three things are essential to
secure paying crops of vegetables viz.. a
suitable soli well supplied with plant
food, pure seed and clean culture. To
produce the best and most uniform re
sults, the vegetable garden must have at
least one foot of friable rich soil. Mark
the garden off into rows or beds of con
venient size, to facilitate the practice of a
rotation of crops which la an Important
matter. At a ruio. ao not let trie same
crops occupy tho samo bed or spot two
years in succession. Potatoes and a few
other things may form an exception to
this general rule, but it Is wise to keep up
the rotation.
Progressive gardeners now grow every
thing in drills or straight lines, not ex
cepting corn and potatoes. Not only aro
larger crops from a given surfaco grown
In tins way but cultivation becomes
easier. Remember In tho preparation of
soil for vegetables that thorough prepara
tion previous to dropping tho seed greatly
lessens tho after culture of the crop. This
Is especially truo of corn.
Great care ought always to bo observed
In tho selection of seeds, and it is best to
take for tho main crops tho varieties that
havo been tested In tho vicinity and found
trustworthy. This, howover. need not
prevent the trial of now varieties In a
moderate way. No safe rule can be estab
lished as to tho depth at which different
seeds should bo sown, as tho weather and
varieties of soil must bo considered. If
continued damp weather could bo assured
the rulo observed by somo of covering the
seed to a depth equal to Its own thick
ness would bo a safo one. At whatever
depth the seeds are sown tho soil ought
to be brought into contact with it by
firming with a board or back of a spado.
If yoii do not grow asparagus for mar
ket, at least raise enough for your owu
tablo. It Is a healthful luxury within the
reach of everybody who tills tho smallest
plot of land. In planting for private uso
sot out In beds fivo feet wide, threo rows
in a bed. tho outer being each ono foot
from tho edge, and allow twelvo inches in
the rows: set tho plants at least six inches
below tho surfaco. For market gardening
on a large scale set four feet apart ono
way and one and a half tho other, which
will allow tho uso of a horso mid cultiva
tor to keep tho weeds under. Every fall
a good dressing of coarso manure should
be applied after tho tops have lcen cut,
and In the spring forked In. Tho roots
need tho benefit of somo foliago during
tho year, for If every sprout Is persistently
cut as It appears tho roots weaken and die
and tticre will bo no asparagus next year.
Tho best results liavo been obtained by
leaving ono good stalk to grow up. say
about a foot apart each way in tho bed
and then cutting out all tho small "grass."
Celery is another luxury that Is often
wanting in tho kitchen and garden, though
it Id ono of tho market gardener's rcmuuer
ative crops. In private gardens it is
cheaper to buy tho plunts. Let the celery
follow somo early crop. It setting out
celery plants bo careful and firm tho earth
well about the roots Indeed. In tho
transplanting of all vegetables observe tho
rulo of finning tho soil around tho plant
In transplanting such plants as the
strawberry tho fibrous roots should he
spread out as much as possible, while the
root of a tap rooted plant, as a cabbage or
beet, should bo placed regularly up and
down and not bent upon itself. In sandy
soil it Is often necessary, in a drought dur
ing tho transplanting season, to water the
plants after setting out. In this cose
cover the watered surfaco with dry soil to
prevent baking.
Facts Worthy or Note.
Northern Podlgree. ono of tho very
early varieties of sweet corn. Is very
dwarf, with small ears.
No lawn con be maintained In good
order long without successive rollings
Rolling should be dona in tho spring he
fore the ground becomes dry
Tho carrot should always bo furnished
a good, deep, rich soil. Sow in drills
about an Inch deep, tho drills about a foot
apart. At thinning tho plants should he
loft four to ten Inches apart, according to
the variety
Tho merits of trench culture with
potatoes is that It secures a loose, fine
tilth not only at the roots, but partial
larly around tho stems where tho tubers
form. Tho system checks evaporation,
and the depression of the rows turns into
the rows much of tho rainwater falling
between them, which would bo otherwise
largely wasted.
The green pea season may bo made an
Indefinitely long one by successive plant
Ings So may the lettuco season.
It has been decided that tho $15,000 ap
propriatlon for agricultural experiments
in New York state is to go to Cornell uni
verslty
The ttl-.e In Value of Horse.
Tho rise in value In horses sinco 1879
has been tho most noticeahlo feature in
farm stock values. Tho highest prices of
the inflation period were reached in i860,
averaging $84.10. declining from that
date to tho lowest ebb of agricultural do
presslon In 1879 to $52.41 Tho present
price Is nearly that of 1874. and does not
differ much from the valuo of 1869 re
duced to gold, showing that tho price of
horses Is now relatively high, and furnish
ing a solid reason for tho increase In num
bers and for the frequent expression of
correspondents that horses and mules pay
tho stock grower better than any other
class of animals. Thero Is another good
reason for the unyielding prices of horses
In a time of general shrinkage of values
viz., the improvement In quality by
thoroughbred blood, and especially the
increase of weight by the general dis
tribution of French and English draught
llOWUXI .. .- --
The First Symptoms
Of all Lung diseases are much the same:
fcverisluirtw, loss of appetite, sore
throat, pains in the che.it and hack,
headache, etr. In a few days yon may
le well, or, on the other hand, 'on may
le down with Pneumonia or " jj:il!o;injj
Consumption." Kim no risk, hut I-iu
immediately to take Ayor's Cherry
1'oetoral.
Seeral years ao, .James ISirehanl. of
Darieti, Conn , was severely" ill. Tho
doctors said he iii in t'oiniiiiiption,
and that they could Io ti.itlim for h:m.
but adviied him. ;n:i last report, to try
Ayer'd Cherry Pectoral. After taking
this meilieilie, two or three months, he
was pronounced a well man. 1 1 is health
remains good to the present day.
J. S. Bradley, Maiden, Mass.. writes :
"Three winters ago I took a severe cold,
which rapidly developed into llronehitis
anil Consumption. 1 was so weak that
I could not sit up, was much emaciated,
and coughed incessantly. I consulted
several doctors, hut they were power
less, and all agreed that I was in Con
sumption. At last, a friend brought me
a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral.
From the first dose, found relief.
Two bottles cured me. and my health
has since been perfect."
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
PRErARKD nv O
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Bold by all Druggists. Price I ; six bottles. i.
National Bank !
or
COLUMBUS. Iff SUB.
-HAS AN-
Authorized Capital of $250,000.
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
Ami the larKeot Paid im Cash Capital of
nnr bunk in thin part of the State.
CWlVjiosits received and interest paid oa
timedefMMita.
fSDrafttt on the princ ijial cities in this conn
try and Kuropo boiiKht anil Mold.
t3('oUection and all other business gitea
prompt and careful attention.
HTOCKUOLUERS.
A.ANDKUSON. Prea't.
J. H.IJAI.LEY. Vice Pres't.
O.T. HO EN. Cashier.
(LANDKHHON, P. ANUEHUON.
JACOKUHEIMEN. HENHY KAdATZ.
JOHN J. SULLIVAN. W.A.McALLISTEk
ApfJS-'NJtf
business ards.
W
it. ncALLINTER,
AriUi;XEY r XOTARY PUItUC.
OIKco upstairs in Henry'n bnihlinjr. corner of
Olive and 11th Htreet. nn10-87y
w.
.Tl. COKItKfLlUM,
LAW AND COLTJICTIOK OFFICE.
Upntairn Ernwt Imililinif. 11th street.
CIII.IVASI Ac KKEDER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Ollico over Kiixt National Hnnk, Cohimbns.
Nehranka. Ml-tf
c.
I. fKYAft, m. ..
I'lIYSICI.lX .I.V SL'KOKOX.
rw-Oliioe ami mourn, (Hnrk huililinjr, Uth
ttrect. Icloplioiir communication. 4.y
y Tl. TIACPAKI,A3il.
ATTOKXKY ,tt XOTARY PUliUC.
KTOHice over Firet National Rank. Coluni
Ihim, Nebraska.
COl'XTY SCKYKYOR.
Jiv" Purlieu tlcsirinic eiir-.eyintr done can ad-iln-KH
in,, at Columbus, Nell., or cull at my offico
in ( oiirt House. SmayWy
t .i.'Katii:k,
CO. SCR'T. I'CliUU SCHOOLS.
I will lie in my oiliiv in the Court House, thu
tlunl bat unlay of each month for the examina
tion of applicants for teacher, cttrtificatoM, and
for the transaction of other school husinmtH
lKjftll1
Yy-A .-,.' KUOK.,
DRA Yawl EXPRESSMEN.
Licht .iii.l heavy hnulintr. CimkIh handled
w'j'' '"'"';- Herol.itmrten.itt J. P. Meeker & l'o.'s
ollice. lelephoiie. :aanil2. SOuinrSTy
D'
K. J. CHAM. WIM.l',
(I'-utsclier Arzt.)
PHYSICIAN ami SURGEON,
Columbus. Neh.
RYE IHSKASES A SPECIALTY.
Office: Telephone:
I-.leeuth btreet. Office No.4ti:lUiilencNo.B7.
J2mar87
JOHN (I. HKJOINS. C. J. HARLOW.
Collection Attorney.
HIGGLES & GABLOW,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Slecialty made of Collection! by ( T. J. Harlow
3t-m
RCBOYD,
aiANCFACTcuna or
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Hoofing and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
CwShop on 13th street, Kniu Rro.'a old
stand. 3-tf
GRASS SEEDS !
Clover, Timothy,
Red Top, Millet,
Hungarian and
Blue Grass Seed,
-AT
HERMINOEHLRICHtBRO'S.
feb'iWni
nrmSEA WONDERS xit in
1 1 L L Uthousamw of forms, bnt are sar
li" pnssel by the marvels of invention.
sw assWI Those ho are in new I of profitable
work that can 1 ilone while living at home
should nt once send their niMrcsn to Hnllxtt &
Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in
formation how either sex, or all hk-h, enn earn
from $.1 to i- er day and upward wherever
they live. Tiou are starts I free. Capital not re
quired. Some hare made orer 50 in a ninulo
day at this work. All succeed. 87lec2Hy
S500 Reward !
We will pay theabore rewnrd for any cam of
liter cumplnint, lsiepsia, sick headache, indi
gestion, constipation or costivenesw we cannot
cure with WestV Vegetable Liver Pilln, when the
directions are strictly complied with. They are
purely vegetable, anil never fail to Kire satisfac
tion. Ltrice boxes containing 30 Hucar coated
pills, iT.c. For salehy all dniirciHtM. Reware of
counterfeits and immitatioiiH. The Kcnuino
manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST A CO.,
J W. Madison St., Chicao, III. decT'oTy
INVENTION!
hart revolntionizvd
the world during tho
last half centurr.
Not least amomr the
wonitersoi inventive progress is a method and
system of work that can !x performed all over
the country without separating tho workers from
their homes. Pay lilieral; any one can do the
work; either sex. yonng or old: no special ability
required. Capital not needed; jou art. started
fr e. Cut this out nnd retnrn to tin and we will
send yon fne, something of great value and im
portance to j on. that will start yon in business,
which will bring jou in more money right away,
than anvthing else in the world, (irand outfit
fve. Address True & Co.. Augusta. Me. decW
NEPArfrl
jflpVEnTlSIHe
A book of 100 page.
The best book for aa
advertiser to con
sult, be be experi
enced or otherwise.
It contains I ist s of newspapers and estimates
of the cost of advertising. The advertiser who
wants to spend ono dollar, fluds lu Itthe in
formation he requires while forhim who will
Invest one hundred thousand Iollars In ad
vertising, a scheme la indicated whloh will
meet his every requirement, or can btwutdt
to do to by ilightehanqtteatily arrmedat 6jf cor
respondence. It9 edition have been issued.
Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 casta.
Write to GEO. P. RQWEIX ft CO..
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING BUREAU.
aosortsMatrarflaB'iiouMSq.), Mew York.