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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (July 30, 1884)
G iette Grafton Neb THE JOURNAL. tATES OP A1YEKTI9I1IV5. uunwl ISSUKP EVKKY WKPXK&IlAY, iI. K. TUKNEK Sc CO., Proprietors and Publishers. S3TBusiness and professional cards of five lines or less, per annum, five dollars. Et? For time advertisements, apply at this office. EtTLegal advertisements at statute rates. JSiTFor transient advertising, see rates on third page. S3TA11 advertisements payable monthly. 1ST OFFICE Eleventh St.. ? . i Journal ISuildiii'j. tkhjis: I'ervcar O Six month:- I OO Three months 5 Single i(i1i; '" A VOL. XV.-NO. 14. COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY. JULY 30, 1884. WHOLE NO. 742. iw OdhimtiHs C i m V V BUSINESS CARDS. Ii.T. Ma:iti N. M. 1. 1' '- cm;. m. i. Drs. MAETYN & SCHUG, U. S. Examining Surgeons, I.oimI Surireuii-. 1'niou l'.n-ili . ., N. .V It. U.:oil It. A l. K. I:"-. 'n-llltali"ii in (m-i ..i ;:: ml Kiiimi-'i T Irplmut-s :t ilii nwl i alnu-t-s. COLUMBUS. NEBRASKA. KM i imi;;iii:jmv. .11. k , PHYSICIAN A SUI.'dEON. JjTlMlife mtoihI iloor i:it of pOst-olhVe. .!- I l WII.MO.t'. 31. ., PHYSICIANS SMCEON. Iir:ir of woiumi :iuil ehlMren :i spe cialty. County jiliv-ici:m. Ollice fornier ly ori-iiiifil by Dr.'lloiu-steel. Tvlepliwie exchange. ;, o I.l.A ASIIItAlJC.II, 1.I.S. DENIAL PARLOR. On corner or Eleventh ami North street, over Em-tV hardware store. a rronyj! vs-a t-la w, Ui-st:tir.-in (Jluek I'.uildiu, lltti street, Ahovethe New hank. tt -1. iirso., xota j;y p zthlj c, IHU Slrpi-t.i Ioirs .! of Hammond llnnM", Columbus. jVW.. -JiM-y riilllJKS'roX A: I'OWIIKS. SUUUEOX DENTISTS, JSTOlIiei- iii Mitehull IJIoek, Colum bus, Nehr:ijk:i. 11-tf -t u. ki:i:ii:k, A TTOHXE Y A T LA II', 0:iie on Olhe St., Columbus, Nebraska. J-tf V. A. MACKEN, DKAI.KK IN Forciqn and Domestic Liquors and ( 'iyars. lltli street, Columbus, Neh. .0-v M ai.lmti:k kko.s., A TTOHXEYS A T LA W. Olliee up-stair.s in Me A Mister' build ing. 11th M. W. A. McAllister, Notary Tuhlie. J. M. MACKAULAXO, 11. K. COWDKItY, ittcrsej iti Hciirj- rir c. Collector. LAW ANI COIiliFXTlOX OFFICE - (IF MACrARLAND & COWDERY, Culutitl.us, : : : Nebraska. i i iti:;vi:it, .11. i., (Successor to Dr. ('. (1. A. litilllioi t) HOMEOPATHIC 1'IIYSICIAN AXD SFRCEON. Regular graduate ol two meilieal col lege. ,lli,e Olive St.. one-half hloek north of Hammond House. J-ly J. J. .MAIX.'IIAn, .fuStice, County Surveyor, Notary, Luihl and Collection Agent. X3T Parties uVsiring survey iug done ean Uollfy me hy mail at Platte Ventre, Neh. M-I'dll F i. ici -:, llth St., opposite Lindell Hotel. SelU Harness, Saddles, Collars, Whips, IMankets, Curry Combs, Itriikhes. trunks, valises, hufjjry tops, eushions, earriane trimmings, .Ve., at the lowest possible prices. Repairs pr mptly attended to. Alff ;l week at home. $Ti.O0 on t lit JvlK free. Pay absolutely sure. No MVIv rik. Capital n..t reiUirvd. Header, if you want buinewH at which persons of either st-x, younjr or old, csn make jrreat pay all the time they work, with absolute certainty, write for particulars to II. Ham.kt .V Co., Port land, Maine. GEORGE SPOONEE, VOXTItACTOJ! FOJi ALL KINDS OF MASON voi:k. Okkick, Thirteenth St., between Olive and Nebraska Avenue. Ke.-ideucc on the corner of Eighth and Olive. A.11 Work 2tuirmiteol. IMf JS. MUR DOCK & SON, Carpenters and Contractors. Havehad an extenileil experience, and will guarantee satisfaction iu work. All kinds of repairing done on short notice. Our motto i, Good work and fair prices. Call and give us an oppor tunity toestimateforyou. jSTShop on 13th St., one door west of Friedhof t Co'b. store, Columbus. Nebr. 4S'J-v o. c. sKLAJsrisroisr, MANUKACTUKKU OV Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware ! Job-Work, Roofing and Gutter ing a Specialty. J3JShop on Eleventh Street, opposite lleintzS Dm:: Store. 40-v G IV. Cl.ilUi, LAND AND INSURANCE ACENT, HUMPHREY, NEBU. His lands comprise some tine tracts in the Shell Creek Valley, and the north ern portion of Pl-tte county. Taxes paid for :ion-rosidcnt. Satisfaction guaranteed. '20 y c Ol.IJ.tllltJ.S PACKING CO.. COLUJfJiUS, - NZB., l'aekers and Dealers iu all kinds ot Hog product. ea:?h paid for Live or Dead Hogs or grease. Directors. K. II Henry, Pn'st.; John Wiggins, Sec. and Treas.; L. Gerrard, S. Cory. TAMES SALMON, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. Plans and estimates supplied for either frame or brick buildings. Good work guaranteed. Shop on 13th Street, near St. Paul Lumber Yard, Columbus, Ne braska. .- Omo. VOTICE TO TIIACIIKRS. J. B. Moncrief, Co. Snpt., Will be in his office at the Court House on the third Saturday of each mouth for the purpose of examining applicants for teacher's certificates, and for the transactton of any other busiuess pertaining to schools. 567-y COLUMBUS STATE BANK! S:e:c:::r:t3 Qcmrl & 2eoini Tcrisr i-Haltt; COLUMBUS, NEB. CASH CAPITAL, $50,000 D1KKCTOKS: liKANHKK (.aKKRAUll, 1'l'Cs'l. (Iv.o. W. Hui.st, Vice Pros' t. JULIUS A. liEKD. EUWAKO A. CiK KHAKI). J. E. Taskkii, Cashier. Bank of Iepogitf IMcouBt c Collections I'roniptlj made oh all Points. Pay it. Interest oi Time lcpoH 274 ..I. DKKItKUT, Ci:'aj:: IKA H. ItKICCI.K. Artist Citiitr. -THE- CITIZENS' BANK! IirMIMIKEY, XEIJ. ISTPrompt attention given to Col lections. JSTPay Interest on time deposits. 3TInsurance, Passage Tickets and Real Estate Loans. "-W LINDSAY &TKEKELL, WHOLESALE AXD RETAIL FLOUR AND MD STORE! OIL OAKE, CHOPPED FEED, Bran, Shorts, BOLTED i UiBQLTED 111 MEAL. GRAHAM FLOUR, AND KOITli KINDS OF THE BEST WHEAT FLOUR ALWAYS OX HAND. ' J2TAII kintU or FRUITS in their soa ?on. Onlers jiroinptly tillod. 11 tit Street, Coin ml him, 47-Clil K"elr. HENRY G-ASS, COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES AND DKALKR IN Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu reaus, Tables, Safes. Lounges, &c. Picture Frames and Mouldings. JESTJcpoirtJi of all kinds of Upholstery Goods. C-tf COLUMBUS. XEB. GOLD for the working class Semi IU cents for postage, and vc will mail you free a royai, valuable dox ot sample goods that will put you in the way of making more money in a few day than you ever thought possible at any lui. iiess. Capital not required. We will start you. You cau work all the time or in span time only. The work is univer sally adapted to "hoth sexes, young and old." You can easily earn from .ri0 cents to $." every evening." That all who want work may test ihe business, we make thi- unparalleled olFer; lo all who are not well satislied wc will send $1 to pay for the trouble of writing us. Full particu lars, directions, etc., sent free. Fortunes will be made bv those who give their whole time to the work. Great success absolutely sure. Don't delay. Start now. Address Stinson & Co., Toftland, Maine. A WOKI OF WARNIIW. JTARMEUS, stock raisers, and all other . interested parties will do well to remember that the "Western Horso and Cattle Insurance Co." of Omaha is the only company doing business in this state " that insures" Horses, Mules and Cattle ajaint loss by theft, accident, diseases, or injury, (as also against loss by lire and lightning). All representations by agents of othcr'Companies to the contrary not withstanding. HEXRY GARX, Special Agt, l.Vy Columbus, Xcb. NO HUMBUG! 33x.it a, Grand Success. RP. BRIGHAM'S AUTOMATIC WA- ter Trough for stock. He refers to every man who has it in use. Call on or lcac orders at Georire Yale's, opposite Ochlrich's grocery. Mm J. WAGNER, Livery and Feed Stable. Is prepared to furnish the public w'th good teams, buggies and carriages for all occasions, especially for funerals. Also conducts a sale stable. 44 LYON&HEALY State A Monro Sts.,Chlcago. WUImJinuUUurkUnatUr far 1M3, 1UO caff. 219 EngraTlafi AND CATALOGUE or lutnuMPU. ssju, up, but IPompou, EpuWU. Csp-Iaat SubJl. Dram Jw S hufi. uJ iUk. Saadry Daa4 OauU. Kfahiaf liaunus aba luiajai luntUM aaa u ardm for Antuu oasjaj U4 f Carira Haa Umte, nfMBB FIRST National Bank ! ' COI.XJ: BUS, NEB. Authorized 'Capital, Paid In Capital, Surplus and Profits, $250,000 50,000 r,ooo OKFIOKRS AND D1UKCTOKS. AXDEIISON, Prea't. SAM'LC. SMITH, Vice Pres't. O.T. IIOKK, Cathicx. .1. W. KAKLY, HKUMANOEIILUICII. AV. A. MCALLISTER, !. AXDERSOX, 1. AXDEKSOX. Foreign and Inland Exchauge, Passage Tickets, anil Real Estate Loans. 2!l-vol-i;My COAL LIME! J. E. NORTH & CO., DEALERS IX Coal, Lime, Hair, Content. Rock Sping l L'iirbun (Wyoming) Coal.. Eldon (Iowa) (!oal ..$7.00 prr Ion ... G.0II " .. 3.5U " Blacksmith Coal of best quality al ways on hand at low est prices. North Side Eleventh St., COLUMBUS, NEB. 14-::in UNION PACIFIC LAND OFFICE. Improved and Unimproved Farms, Hay and Grazing lands and City Property for Sale Cheap AT TIIE-- Union Pacific Land Office, On Long Time and lot:' of Interest. 'ale jJSFFInal proof made on Tiinhcr Claims HomestcatN and Pre-emption-.. JSTA11 wishing to liuy lands of auy dc Kcriitiou will please call and oxamiui my list of lands liefore looking else where U57"A11 having lands to sell will please eall and give me a dcseiiption, t'Tin , prices, etc. I3TI a'so am prepared to injure prop erty, as I have the agency of several lirsTt.class Fire insurance companies. F. AV. OTT, Solicitor, speaks German. NAMIIE-L C SMITH, ;0-tf Columhus, Nebraska. BECKER & WELCH, rKOPUIETOUS OF SHELL CREEK MILLS. .MANUFACTURERS ANI WHOLE SALE DEALERS IN FLOUR AND MEAL. OFFICE, COL UMB US, NFB. SPEICE & NORTH, General Agents for the Sale of REAL ESTATE. Union Pacilic, and Midland Pacific R. R. Lauds for sale at from 3.00 to S1U.U0 per acre for ash, or ou five or ten years time, in annual payments to suit pur chasers. We have also a large and choice lot of other lands, improved and unimproved, for sale at low price and on reasonable terms. A Iso business and residence lots in the city. We keep a complete abstractor title to all real es tate in PIttc County. 0-21 COaLIJMIli;!, NEH. LOUIS SCHRELBEB, II All kinds of Repairing done on Short Notice. Baggies, Wag ons, etc., made to order, and all work Guar anteed. Also sell the world-famous Walter A. Wood Mowers, Beapers, Combin ed Machines, Harvesters, and Self-binders the best made. Shop opposite the 44TatteraU," on Olive St., COLUMBUS. 26-m BmcKsnutii ana waeon HaKer BLAINE'S LETTER. The Next President of the United States to the People. He Reviews the Prominent Questions of the Day. Favoring the Continuance of a Strong Protective Tariff, And ClaimiHg that It Has Not Injur ed Oar Export Trade. He Shows Wherein It has Benefited Agriculture. And Declares Free Trade Disastrous to the Workingman. Our Foreign Relations Favor Our Do mestic Development. He Favors Closer Relations with Oth er American Powers. Notes a Growing Reconciliation Be tween North and South. His Views on Civil Service Reform Clearly Expressed. Hormonism, Currency, Public Lands and Shipping Interests. A. Free Ilnllot the Malccuard Republicanism. of Augusta, Me., July 15th, 1SS4. Tho Hon. John Ii. Henderson and othcTfl of tho committee, etc., etc. (iK.vtlkmen: Iu accepting the nomination for the presidency ten dered ine by the republican national convention, 1 beg to express a deep sense of tho honor which is conferred and of the duty which is imposed. I venture to accompany the acceptance with some observations upon the questions involved iu the contest questions which may affect the future ot tho nation favorably or unfavora bly for a long scries ot years. In enumerating the issues upon wfjich tho republican party appeals lor popular support, the conveu;iou has been singularly explicit and feli citous. II has properly given the leading position as to the industrial interests of the country as allrcted by the tariff on imports. On that ques tion the two political parties arc radi cally in contlict. A!most the lirst act of the republicans, when they came iu power iu 1801, was the establish ment of the principle of protection to American labor and to American capital. This principle the republi can party has over since steadily maintained, while on the other hand the democratic party in congress hap for fitly years persistently warred upon it. Twice within that period our opponents have destroyed tariffs arranged for protection, aud since the close of the civil war, whenever they have controlled the house ol repre sentatives, hostile legislation lia been attempted never more ronfpicunus ly than in their principal measure al the late session ot congress. THE TAKIKK QUESTION. llcvenuo laws are in their very nature subject to revision in order that they may he adapted to the changes and modifications of trade. The republican party is not contend ing for the permanency of any partic ular statute. The issue between the two parties does not have reference to any specific law. It is far broader aud tar deeper. It involves a princi ple of wide application and bcniliceut influence, against a theory which we believe to be unsound in conception and hurtful in practice. Iu the many tariff revisions v. hich have been necessary tor "the pa3t twenty-three years, or which mav hereafter be- I come necessary, the republican party has maintained and will maintain the policy ol protection to American in dustry, while our opponents iusist upon a revision which practically destroys that policy. The issue is thus distinct, well defined and una voidable. The coming election may determine the late of protection for a generation. The overthrow of the policy mentis a iargc aud permanent reduction in the wages of the Ameri can laborer, besides involving the loss of VAbt amounts of American capital invested in manufacturing enter prises. The value of tho present rev euue system to the people of the United States is not a niattor of theory, and I shall submit no argu ment to sustain it. I only invite at tention to certain facts of official record which seem to constitute a demonstration. In the census of ISiiU an effort was made, for the first time in our history, to obtain a valuation of all tho prop erty in the United States. " The at tempt was iu large decree unsuccess ful. Partly from lack of time, partly from prejudice among many who thought the inquiries lt.reshadowcd a new scheme ot taxation, the returns were incomplete and unsatisfactory. Little more was done than to consoli date the local valutation used iu the Stales for purposes of usee-smeut, and that, as everyone knows, differs wide ly from a complete exhibit of all the property. In the census of ISM), however, the work was done with great thorough ness the distinction between ''assess ed" value and "true" value being carefully observed. The grand result was that the "true value" of all the property iu the Slates and Territories (excluding slaves) amouuted to four teen thousand millions of dollars ($14,(J00,(XX),0!0 ) This aggregate was the net result of the labor and the savings of all the people within the area of the United States from the time the first Itritish colonist lauded in 1007 down to the year 1800. It represented the fruit of the toil ol two hundred and fifty years. After 1SG0 the business of the coun try was encouraged and developed by a protective tariff. At the end of twenty years the total property of the United Slates, as relumed by the census of 1880, amounted to the enor mous aggregate of forty-four thous- and millions of dollars ($44,000,000, 000.) The great result was attained, .notwithstanding the fact that count Jess millions had in the interval bceu wasted in tho progress of a bloody war. It thus appears that while our population betweon 1800 and 1SS0 in- kcrcascd sixty per cent the aggregate property of the country increased two hundred and fourteen per cent showing a vastly enhanced wealth per capita among th.epeople. Thirty thousaml millions 6? dollars ($:O,UO0.' 000,000) had been added during these twenty yearc to the permanent wealth of the nation. These results are regarded by the older nations of the world as phenom enal. That our country should sur mount the peril aud the cost ot a gigantic war and for an entire period of twenty years make an average gain to its wealth of one hundred and twenty -five million dollars per month surpasses the experience of all other nations, ancient or modern. Even the opponents of tho present revenue system do not pretend that in tho whole history of civilization any par allel can be found to the material progress ot tho United States, since the accession of the republican party to power. The period between 1800 and to day has not been one of material prosperity only. At no time in tho history of the United States has there been such progress in the moral and philanthropic field. Religious aud charitable institutions, schools, semi naries aud colleges, have been found ed aud endowen far more geucrously than at any previous time in our his tory. Greater and more varied reliof has bceu extended to human suffering and the entire progress of tho country in wealth has bceu accompanied aud dignified by a broadening and eleva tion of our natioual character as a people. Our opponents find fault that our revenue system produces a surplus. But they should not forget that the law haB given a specific purpose to which all of the surplus is profitably and honorably applied tho reduc tion of the public debt and tho conse quent relief of tho burden of taxation. No dollar has been wasted, aud the only extravagance with which the party stands charged is tho generous pensioning of soldiers, sailors and their families an extravagance which embodies the highest form of justice in the recognition and payment of a sacred debt. "When reduction of tax ition is to be made, the republican party can ho trusted to accomplish it iu such form as will most effectively aid the industries of tho uation. OUK FOKKKi.V COMMKKCE. A frequent accusation by our op ponents is that the foreign commerce of the country has steadily decayed under the influence of the protective tariff. In this way they seek to array the importing interest agaiut the re publican party. It is a common and yet radical error to confound the commerco of the country with its carrying trade an error often com mitted innocently aud sometimes designedly but an error so gross that it does not distinguish between the ship and the cargo. Foreign commerco represents the exports and imports of a country regardless of the nationality of the vessel that may carry the commodities of exchange. Our carrying trade has from obvious causes suffered many discourage ments since 1800, but our foreign commerce ha in the samo period sleadily and prodigiously increased --inci eased indeed at a rale and lo an amount which absolutely dwarf all previous developments of our trade beyond the sea. From 1S00 to the present time the foreign com merce of Ihe United Stales, (divided with approximate equality between exports and imports) reached the astounding aggregate of twenty-four thousand millions of dollars. The balance in this vast commerce inclined iu our favor, but it would have been much larger if our trado with the countries of America, elsewhere re ferred to, had been more wisely adjusted. It is difficult even to appreciate the magnitude of our export trade since 1800 and we can gain a correct, con ception ol it only by comparison with preceding results in the same field. Tho total exports from the United Stales from the declaration of in dependence iu 1770 down to the day of Lincoln's election in 1S00, added to all that had previously been ex ported from the American colonics from their original settlement, amounted to less than nine thousand million of dollars. On the other hand our exports from 1800 to the close of the last fiscal year exceeded twelve thousand millions of dollars the whole of it being tho product of American labor. Evidently a pro tective tariff has not injured our export trade when,under its influence, we exported in twenty-four years forty per cent, more than tho total amount that had been exported in the entire previous history of American commerce. All the details, when analyzed, correspond with this gigantic result. The commercial cities of the union never had such a growth as they have enjoyed since 1S00. Our chief emporium, the city of New York, with its dependencies, haB within that period doubled her imputation aud increased her wealth five fold. During the same period the imports and exports which have eutered and left her harbqr are more than double in bulk aud value the whole amount imported and exported by her between the settlement of the first Dutch colony on the island ot 'Manhattan and the outbreak of the civil war in 1S00. AfilMCULTUKK AND THE TARIFF. The agricultural interest is by far the largest in the nation, and is en tiiled iu every adjustment of revenue laws to the first consideration. Any policy hostile to the fullest develop ment of agriculture iu the United States must be abandoned. Iicali.ing this fact the opponents of the present system of revenue have labored very earnestly to persuade the farmers of the United States that they are robbed by a protective tariff, and the effort is thus made to consolidate their vast influence in favor of free trade. Kut happily the farmers of America are intelligent and cannot be misled by sophistry wheu conclusive facts are before them. They see plainly that during the past twenty-four years, wealth has been acquired in one section or by one interest al the ex pense ot another sectiou or another interest. They see that the agricul- tural states have mado even more rapid pn grcss than the manufactur ing slates. The farmers see that iu 1SG0 Mass achusetts and lllinoj&'had about the same wealth between oight and nine hundred million dollars each aud that in 1SS0 -Massachusetts had ad vanced to twenty-six hundred mil lions, while Illinois had advanced to thirty-two hundred million. They M-e that New Jersey aud I uv i hmi jus' equal in ppulaiion iu Ititi!) and that in twenty years the we.iHh of New Jersey was increased by the sum of eight hundred and tilty mil lions ol dollars, while the wealth ot Iowa has increased by the sum of fifteen hundred millions. They see that the nine leading agricultural states of tho west have grown so rapidly in prosperity that tho ag gregate addition to their wealth since 1SC0 is almost as great as the wealth of the entire country for that year. They see that the south, which is al most exclusively agricultural has shared iu the general prosperity aud that having recovered from the loss aud devastation of war, has gained so rapidly that its total wealth is at least the double of that which it possessed iu 1S00, exclusive of slaves. In these extraordinary develop ments the farmers see the helpful impulse of a home market, and they see that the financial aud revenue system enacted since the republican party came into power,has established and constantly expanded the home market. They see that in the case of wheat, which is our chief cereal ex port, they have sold iu the average of a year. since tho close of the war, three bushels at home to one they have sold abroad, and in the case of corn, the only other cereal which we export to any great extent, one hun dred bushels have been used at home to three and a half bushels exported. In some years the disparity has boen so great that for every peck of corn exported one hundred bushels have been consumed in the. homo market. Tho farmers see that in tho increasing competition from tho grain fields of Russia and from the district plains of India, the growth of the home market becomes daily of greater concern to them and that its impairment would depreciate the value of overy acre of tillable laud in the union. OUIt INTEKN'AI. COMMKKCE. Such facts as these touching the growth ami consumption of cereals at home give us some slight conception ol the vast lies of the internal com merce of the United States. They suggest also that in addition to the advantages which tho American poople enjoy from protection against foreign competition, they enjoy the advantages of absolute free trade over a larger area aud with a greater population than any other Nation. Tho internal commerce of our thirty eight States aud nine Territories is carried on without let or hindrance, without tax, detention or govern mental interference of any kiud whatever. It spreads freely over an area of three and a half million square miles almost equal In oxtcut to the whole continent of Europe. Its profits are enjoyed to-day by fifly six millions of American freemen, aud from this enjoyment no monop oly is created. According to Alex ander Hamilton, when he discussed the same subject iu 1700, "the internal competition which takes place does away with every thing like monopoly, and hy degrees reduces tho prices ol articles to the minimum of a reason able profit on the capital employed." It is impossible to point to a single monopoly in the United States that has been created or fostered by the industrial system which is upheld by ihe republican party. Compared with our foreign com merce these domestic exchanges are inconceivably great in amount re quiring merely as one instrumentality as large a mileage of railway as exists to-day iu the other nations of the world combined. These internal exchanges are estimated by the sta tistical bureau of the treasury de partment to be annually twenty times as great in amount as our foreign commerce. It is into this vast field ot home trade al once the ci cation aud the heritage of the American people that foreign nations are striving by every device to enter. It is into this field that the opponents of our present revenue system would freely admit the countries ot Europe countries into whose internal trade wc could not reciprocally enter; countries to which wc should be sur rendering everj' advantage of trade; from which wc should be gaining nothing iu return. EFFECT UrO.V THE MECHANIC AND THE LAKOKEK. A policy of this kind would be disastrous to the mechanics and work ingmeii of the United States. Wages are unjustly reduced wheu an indus trious man is not able by his earnings to live iu comfort, educate his chil dren, aud lay by an efficient amount for the necessities of age. The re duction of wages inevitably conse quent upou throwing our home market open to the world, would deprive them of the power to do this. It would prove a great calamity to our country. It would produce a conflict between tho poor and rich, aud in the sorrowful degradation of labor would plant the seeds of public danger. The republican party has steadily aimed to maintain jut relations be tween labor and capital guarding with care the rights ot each. A con flict between the two ha always led iu the past and will always lead in the future to the injury of both. La bor is indispensable to the creation and profitable use of capital, anil cap ital increases the eliicicncy aud v.iltie ol labor. Whoever array- the one against the other is an enemy to both. That policy is wisest afid best which harmonizes the two on the basis of absolute justice. The republican party has protected the free labor of America so that its compensation is larger than is realized in auy other country. It has guarded our people against the unfair competition of con tract labor from China and may be called upon to prohibit the growth of a similar evil from Europe. It is obviously unfair to permit capitalists lo make contracts for cheap labor iu foreign countries to the hurt and disparagement of the labor of Amer ican citizens. Such a policy (like that which would leave the time and other conditions of home labor ex clusively iu tho control of the em ployer), is injurious to all parties ' not the least bo to the unhappy persons who are made the subjects of the contract. The institutions of the United States rest upon the intelli gence and virtue of all the people. Suffrage is made universal as a just weapon of self-protection to every citizen. It is not the iutcrest of the republic that any economic system should be adopted which involves ihe reduction of wages to the hard standard prr vailing ele where. The republican parly xiuis to elevate and dignify labor not to degrade it. As a substitute tor the industrial system which under republican ad ministrations has developed such ex traordinary prosperity, our opponents oiler a policy which is but a series of experiments upon our system of rev enuea policy whoso end must be harm to our manufactures and great er harm to our labor. Experiment in the industrial and financial system is the country's greatest dread, aa stability 1s its grcatT3t"tndnr'Evon the uncertainty resulting from the recent tariff agitation in congress has hurtfnlly affected the busiuess of the entire country. Who can measure the harm to our shops and our homes, to our farms and our commerco, if the uncertainty of perpetual tariff agitation is to be inflicted upou the country? We are in tho midst of an abundant harvest ; wc are on the eve of revival of general prosperity. Nothiug stands iu our way but tho dread of a change in the industrial system which has wrought such wonders in the last twenty years aud which with the power of increased capital will work still greater mar vels of prosperity in tho twenty years to como. OUK FOUEIUN VOLICV. Our foreign relations favor our do mestic development. Wc are at pcaco with the world at peaca upon a sound basis with no unsettled ques tions of sufficient magnitude to em barrass or distract us. Happily re moved by our geographical position from participation or interest in those questions of dynasty o.r boundary which so frequently disturb the peace of Enropo, we are left to cultivate friendly relations with all, and are free from possible entanglements in the quarrclB of any. The- United States has no cause and no desire to eugago iu conflict with any power on earth, and wo may rest iu assured confidence that no power desires to attack tho United States. With the nations of the Western Hemisphere we should cultivate closer relations and fur our common prosperity and advancement we should invite them all to join with us in an agreement that for the future, all international troubles in North and South America shall bn adjusted by impartial arbitration and not by arms. This project was part of the fixed policy of President fiarlield's administration and it should in my judgment bn renewed. Its accom plishment on this continent would favorably affect tho nations beyond the sea, and thus powerfully con tribute at no distant day to the universal acceptance of the philan thropic and Christian principle of arbitration. The affect even of sug gesting it for the Spanish Americau states has been most happy aud has increased the confidence of those people in our friendly disposition. It fell to my lot as secretary of state in .I tine 1881 to quiet apprehension in the Republic of Mexico, by giving the assurance in an official dispatch that "there is not the faintest desire in the United Stales tor territorial extention south of the Rio Grande The boundaries of tho two republics have been established in conformity with the best jurisdictional interests ot both. The line of demarcation is not merely conventional. It is more. It separates a Spanish-American people from a Saxon-American peo ple. It divides one great nation Irom another with distinct and natural finality." We seek the conquest of peace. Wo desire to extend our commerce, and iu an especial degree with our friends and neighbors on this continent. We have not improved our relations with Spanish-America as wisely aud as persi.-tcutly as wo might have done. For more than a generation the sym pathy of those countries has been allowed to drift away from us. We should now make every effort lo gain their friendship. Our trade with them is already large. During the last year our exchanges in the west ern hemisphere amounted to three hundred and fifty millions of dollars nearly one-fourth of our entire for eign commerce. To those who seem dispobed to underrate the value of our trade with the countries of North and South America, it may be well to state that their population is nearly or quite fifty millions aud that, iu proportion to aggregate numbers, we import nearly, double as much from them as we do from Europe. Rut the result of the whole American trade is in a high degree unsatisfactory. The imports during the past year exceeded two hundred and twenty-five mil lions while the exports amounted to less than one hundred and twenty five millions showing a balance against us of more than one hundred millions of dollars. Rut the money does not go to Spanish America. We send largo sums to Europe in coin or its equivalent to pay European man ufacturers for the goods which they send to Spanish America. We are but paymasters for this enormous amount annually to Hurcpcau factors -an amount which isaserioii9 draft, in every financial depression, upon our resources ol specie. Cannot this condition of trade in great part he changed? Cannot the market for our products be greatly enlarged? We have made a begin ning in our effort to improve our trade relations with Mexico and we should not be content until similar and mutually advantageous arrange ments have been successively made with every nation ol North aud South America. While the great powers of European: steadily enlarg ing their colonial dominion in Asia and Africa it is the especial province of this country to improve aud ex pand its trade with the nations of America. No field has been cultivat ed so little. Our foreign policy in its broadest aud most comprehensive sense a policy of peace, of friend ship, of commercial enlargement. i'he name of Americau which be lougs to us in our Natioual capacity ' must always exalt the just pride of patriotism. Citizeuship of tho repub lic, must be the panoply aud safe guard of him who wears it. The American citizen, rich or poor, nativo or naturalized, white or colored, iciiBt everywhere, walk secure in his per sonal aud civil rights. The republic should never accept a lesser duty, it can never assume a nobler one, than the protcctiou of the humblest man who owes it loyalty protection at home, and protection which shall follow him abroad, into whatever laud he may go upon a lawful errand. THE SOUTIIEKN STATK3. I recognize, not without regret, tho necessity lor speakiug of two sec tions ot our common country. Rut the regret diminishes when I see that the elements which separated them are fast disappearing. Prejudices have yielded aud are yielding, whilo a growing cordiality warms tho Southern aud tho Northern heart alike. Can any ono doiibt that be tween tho sections confidence and esteem are to-day more marked than at any period in the sixty years pro ceding tho election of President Lin coln? This is the result in part of time and in part of republican prin ciples applied under the favorable conditions of uniformity. It would bo a great calamity to change these influences under which Southern commonwealths arc learning to vin dicate civil rights, and adapting themselves to the conditions of politi cal tranquility and industrial pro gress. If there be occasional and violent outbreaks in the South against this peaceful progress, the public opinion of the country regards them an exceptional and hopeful trusts that such will prove the last. The South needs capital and occu pation, not controversy. As much as any part of the North, tho South ueeds the full protection of the rev enue laws which tho republican party oilers. Some of tho Southern States have already entered upon a career of industrial development and prosper ity. These, at least, should not lend their electoral votes to destroy their own future. Any effort to unite the southern states upon issues that grow out of the memories of the war, will sum mons the northern states to comhiuo iu tho assertion of that nationality which was their inspiration iu tho civil struggle. Aud thus great energies which should be united in common industrial de elopment will be wasted iu hurtful strife. The democratic party shows itself a foe to southern prosperity by always in voking and urgiug southern political consolidation. Such a policy quen ches the rising instinct of patriotism iu the heart of tic; southern youth ; it revives and stimulates prejudice; it substitutes the t-pirit of barbaric veu gcHiico for tho love of peace, progress and harmony. THE CIVIL SEUVICE. The general character of tho civil scrvico of the United States under all administrations has been honorable. In ono supreme test collection aud disbursement of revenue the record of fidelity has never been surpassed iu auy nation. With the almost fabulous Bums which wero received aud paid during the late war, scrupulous integrity was the prevail ing rule. Indeed, throughout that trying period, it can be said to tho honor of the American uame, that uulaithfulness and dishonesty among civil officers were us rare a- miscon duct and cowardice on flu; field of battle. The growth of tho country has continually and ncessiirily ciUrgi-d Ihe civil servic.:, until now :' iiicludes a vast body ot olliceiv. Ituies and methods ot appointment whi:h pre vailed when the number wa.- smaller have 'been made to seiarite tbu great mass of ministerial officers from partisan influence anil personal control. Impartiality iu the tuoilo of appointment to be based on qualifica tion, and security of tenure to be based on faithful discharge of duty are tho two ends to be accomplished. The public business will bo aided by separating the Icgir-l.-itive branch ot the government Irom ail control of appointments and tho executive de partment will be relieved by sub jecting appointments to fixed rules aud thus removing them from thu caprice of favoritism. Hut there should be rigid observance of the law which gives in all cues of equal competency tho preference to tho soldiers who risked their lives iu defense of the union. I entered congress in 180, ami iu a somewhat prolonged service I never found it expedient to request or recommend the removal of a civil officer except in four instances, and then for non-political reasons which were instantly conclusive with tin: appointing power. The ollicers in tho district, appointed by Mr. Lin coln iu 1801 upon the recoi'imenda tion of my predecessor, served as a rule, until death or resignation. I adopted at tho beginning of my service the test of competitive examination for appointments to West Point and maintained it as long as I had the right by law to nominate a cadet. In the case of many officers I found that the prcsunt law which arbitrarily limits the term of the com mission, offered a constant tempta tion to changes for mere political reasons. I have publicly expressed the belief that the essential modifica tion of that law would be in many respects advantageous. My observaliou iu the department of state confirmed the conclusions of my legislative experience, and im pressed me with the conviction that the rule of impartial appointment might with advantage be carried be yond any existing provision of tho civil service law. It should be ap plied to appointments in the consular j-ervice. Consuls should be commer cial sentinels encircling tiie globo with watchfulness for their country's interests. Their intelligence and competency become, therefore, mat ters of great public concern. No man should be appointed to an American consulate who is not well instructed in the history and resources of his own couutry, and in the requirements and language of commerce in the country to which he is sent. The same rule should be applied even more rigidly to secretaries of legation in our diplomatic service. The peo ple have tho right to the most effi cient agents in tho discharge of pub lic business and the appointing power should regard this as the prior aud ulterior cousideration. THE MOKMO.V QUESTION. Religious liberty is the right of Continued on second page.) r J
