M9 >
WE VALENTINE DEMOCRAT
I. M. BICE , Publisher.
NEBRASKA.
Eastern doctors are tre.'iting Bright's
unpopular disease by surgery. If you
recover you get well.
It must keep Jacob Riis busy to live
lip to his reputation as'the most use
ful man in the United States.
J. Pierpont Morgan has bought a
Statuette of Hercules for $130,000. Why
Hercules , Pierp. ? Atlas is the boy for
you.
you.So
So long as we have not introduced
foot-ball into the Philippines the
charges of cruelty made against us
must fail fiat.
Andrew Carnegie has given his niece
$1,000,000 as a wedding present. This
Is another plan that will help one to
avoid dying rich.
Aladdin had to rub his lamp when he
wanted things. When .1. Pierpont Mor-
jan has an Aladdinish feeling he just
foes and takes them without any rub
bing.
Hero Hobson is to boretired. . But
Why should a hero who can draw a
jalary from the United States for go-
Ing around the country lecturing want
to be retired ?
fiantos-Dumont thinks it will be pos-
llble to build air ships that can pas.c :
trom America to Europe in two days.
ILpparently , however , he hasn't thought
W any suitable thing they may bump
t gainst when they arrive.
Only one person who was in St.
Pierre at the time of the destruction of
that city survived. He was a criminal
frho had been confined in an under
ground dungeon for trying to assault
iis keepers. There is no likelihood that
te will be used as a .proof that virtue
IB Its own reward.
Changes made in street railway lines
riginal3' constructed for the horse-car.
In order to equip them for electricity.
tre typical of the industrial movements
of the age. A thin rail on a wooden
llecper gives place to heavy rails on a
U-shaped steel structure , embedded
leep in the ground. As the power is
theapened , the size and weight of the
tara Is increased. The number of em
ployes ou each car is the same ; but the
-longer runs which the new system
iiiakes profitable , and the greater busi
ness which it stimulates , require more
tars , more drivers and more conduc
tors.
Alphonso , the boy king of Spain , ao-
xording to Madrid dispatches , is op
posed to the Spanish national sport of
bull-fighting. Alphouso has doubtless
Imbibed his sentiments from his moth
er , who is not a Spaniard and who has
carefully supervised his education. He
regards the sport as cruel , and desires ,
> o It Is said , to introduce horse-rncing
" 'ta a. substitute. In opposing the nation
al game Alphonso is putting himself
In an unpopular situation. Bull-light
ing has been part o'f the Spaniard's sport
for centuries. Wherever he goes hr :
takes the barbaric spectacle with him.
I'he boy king's expression does credit
lo his humanitarian Instincts , but does
not speak so well for his discretion.
By removing the royal sanction Al-
jthonso would strike a great blow at the
- ory entertainments with which the
Spaniards make a holiday , but ho
would arouse an Intense popular preju
dice. The uneducated peasantry would
consider that half their joy in living
had been destroyed were they denied
Ihe bloody spectacle. It will require
/ears of education to induce the Span
I ish people to give up bull-fighting , and
Ji thould the young king act rashly in thi
matter he is likely to encounter serious
Irouble.
There are persons who , on principle ,
refrain from all sorts of harmless
pleasures to save expense. What they
will do with the expense after they
have saved it depends ou the type of
person. Sometimes they spend it in
doctor's bills. Of course , every one
lias a right to his own form of pleas
ure , but It does seem as if less fun
could be got out of doctor's bills than
out of almost any other costly luxury.
When a man puts in the whole of a )
hot summer toiling at his desk , refus *
ing to take relaxation even for a day ,
taking his business to table and to bed :
with him ; when a woman remains in
doors da j' after dny , working over the
sewing machine or the cook stove , and
attending to the wants of fretful chil-
rtren , instead of Indulging in a day of :
recreation now and then , sooner or l
later n breakdown is likely to come.
Then the money saved from excursions [
XOCM to pay for medicine and nursing.
Of course , when a woman has a family
< f small children , taking them out any-
vrliere is sometimes a good dfeil harder
Tvork than staying at home ; but even
then there are many harmless pleas-
nrf which can be had at home , If one
is more bent on getting comfort out of
life than on having fine clothes or fur-
iilture. It would be Interesting to sets
what could be made of life by a couple
who should start out with the delib
erate intention of being as comforta )
ble as possible , whatever happened or :
< lid not happen ; who were after happi >
ness , and not ambition , or excitement ,
or Ideals. It seems strange that It
* hould be so , but such families are )
rare.
The ministers have been in contro-
T * rsy respecting the wickedness of
Chicago. Bishop Thoburii of the Meth-
odt church sav * that huutnn ISfe is
safer in Hong Kong than in the Lake
Michigan metropolis. The Rev. Fran
cis Funk , a Baptist minister , declares
that he has seen more wickedness and
more forms of vice in Chicago than in
London. Bishop-"Fallows of the Epis
copal church , for many years a resi
dent of Chicago , takes issue with his
ministerial brethren. The Bishop says
he saw more forms of wickedness un
der the shadow of SL Paul's Cathedral
and Westminster Abbey in two suc
cessive nights /'slumming" than he
has seen-in all Ins twenty-seven years
of residence in Chicago. He challenges
the statements made by Bishop Tho-
burn and the Rev. Mr. Funk and says
they are a libel on the city. Since the
controversy involves no recondite theo
logical tenets layman may be per
mitted to suggest that none of these
reverend gentlemen are "up" on com
parative wickedness. They come in
touch with the best that is iu society
and see only glimpses of the seamy
side of metropolitan life. As a matter
of fact every great city contains wick
edness of which good people scarcely
dream. London'is older in vice than is
Chicago , but human nature is about
the same everywhere and what Chi- '
cago lacks in experience she makes up j
by inventiveness. So long as the wick
edness of London and Chicago does
not exceed the wickedness of Sodom
and Gomorrah there is hope for both
of them. And if history is to be be
lieved modern evil is not to be com
pared with ancient vice.
We beliove that the idea of an expert
commission for the purpose of inspect-1
ing volcanoes and reporting upon their !
safelv Ms one of the most ridiculous'1 '
propositions advanced apparently in all .
seriousness that we have noticed in ;
a day. Boiler inspectors may i
have a proper function in the economy ,
of human affairs , although it is fro- }
quently the recently inspected boiler j
that explodes into a thousand pieces
and kills or wounds all who may be *
within range of the flying debris. *
'
Bridge inspectors , building inspectors ,
and even mine inspectors may perhaps
be taken seriously , but we submit that l
l
a corps of Inspectors whose duty con-
sists in examining into the condition r
of volcanoes and report upon their
eruptive or non-eruptive possibilities ia t
getting past the limit. The strange ! L
forces which exist in the bowels of the r
earth , the gases which they generate ,
and the destructive power of which ° ;
they may become capable are frequent- 1
ly glibly discussed by scientists , :
scientists can no more forecast the at- j e
tion of a volcano than a United States * :
weather bureau can foretell the
amount of destruction which a quickly ! v
formed cyclone may bring about. Man ' '
may be the very climax of all the won- !
drous works of creation , but this doe * ! 1
not lessen the force of the fact tliati1'
regardless of all that he is and of all 1'
that he has accomplished he is still °
the mere plaything of untamed forces |
In nature forces which he need never ( >
expect to subdue or even understand , titl
and which will remain untamed until tl
the end of time. In the face of these
fundamental truths we really believe
that all boards of volcano inspectors
should throw aside their commissions.
To assert that they are capable of ren
dering substantial service to their fel-
lowmen is to give a touch of opera >
bouffe to that which is purely tragic.
MAKING FISH HOOKS. tl
tlai
ai
Moat of Them Come from One Town it aifc
Kngland. fcw
w
I
It not be known '
may generally , but' n <
it is nevertheless a fact , that fully low ) |
per cent of the world's fishing hooks' g ]
are made at Redditch , England. In
making fish hooks few tools are used , tl
dependence being placed more ou the w
skill of the workman than on expensive
machinery. Nothing but the best steel w
wire is used. This is cut off from 'JO bt
or more coils at once , into lengths of ci
ubout 4 inches , care being taken to pi
have all of one length. Several - [
dreds of these lengths are placed on Fi '
toj ) of one another through two rings. re
ur washers , the end projecting about h :
three-quarters of an inch. They are CO
put into a furnace and heated a dull a i
red ; then taken out of the fire and igi
giW'
rolled back and forward , while in tin * W'
rings , with a heavy iron bar. about ai
DUO and a half inches square. This
softens and straightens the ware. Af IK
ter cooling they are cut into lengths j Y <
sufficient for two hooks , and a barb is fit
cut in each end. The workman rests' ' at
the end of the wire against a blocl ; la
f wo.od and brings the knife in pow ;
ition. The point of the knife is hinged ly
lo the bench , and the blade is bevoled if
> n one side. With a short cautious re
movement the barb is cut , care Ix-inj : In
laken to have it the correct depth. Tlu Ci
wire is then cut in two , the point filo < l
ind then bent n round a metal shap < .
lrivon in the end of a bit of wood. Tin.
arb is hooked around the end of iln ;
shape and a turn of the wrist and a .
Hill with the finger Complete the bciul . .
I'he shanks are then flattened , ringei , .
marked or reduced as desired , aud thtJ ) ,
liooks arc ready to be hardened. Thcv
, '
ire placed in a pan and heated to a dull
red. then dumped into a cask of oil , .
aken out again , allowed to drain an.l ,
p '
ire ready f r tempering. This is tho .
most important part of the whole bus- iri
less. If tempered too much they will
( Hi
traighcn out and if left too brittle foi
hey will break : so they have to b < - tin
just right or the work must be donj
Hllj
. The oil that t
ver. surplus clings ;
th <
he hooks after tempering is remove J i-al
y shaking the hooks on a tray in otl
sawdust. The hooks are put in revolv. 1
ng barrels to polish , and afterwan ] Ua
lued , bronzed or Japanned. They arf crc
hen ready to be put on the market.-
a K
5. Howarth , in Recreation.
If you act the fool , the people anc OIK
rour folks will know it , and talk abou , pa :
f
t.
CUBAN BATTLESHIP.
FIRST AND ONLY ONETHE ISLAND
EVER HAD.
Bonsrht by Colonel Prentiss Insjra-
ham for Five DollarsIt Was Never
iu Any Armed Encounter Confis
cated at "Wilmington , N. C.
"While there is a good deal of talk
these days about Cuba , " said the man
who likes to converse , "it should not
be forgotten that the man who was
iirst to float the Cuban flag Over an
armed deck is in the United States
and is not bloviating about it , either.
He is Colonel Prentiss Ingraham , au
thor , traveler , soldier , sailor , and a lot
of other things. In the summer of
ISO ! ) Colonel Ingraham bought , in New
York City , for. the large sum of $ u , the
steamer JJoruet , which had once been
the Lady Sterling , a blockade runner
captured by the United States govern
ment and made a dispatch-boat for the
service of President Lincoln. A
wealthy Cuban living in New York
had bought her from the government ,
and he sold her to Colonel Ingraham
for $5 because he Avanted to. You see
she had to belong to somebody and
Colonel Ingraham was the best man
because he knew his business. She
made two trips to Cuba as a filibuster ,
carrying arms which she took on board
at sea so as not to implicate the Unit
ed States in any act against a friendly
government. Spain being ou terms with
us , at the time. Colonel Ingraham was
in command.
"In October of ISO ! ) she cleared from
Philadelphia for Liverpool and put in
at Halifax under stress of weather , or
so it was stated. Here she was met
by Admiral Edward Higgins , an ex-
Confederate officer , and formerly of
the United States navy. The Hornet
remained in Halifax until suspicion
pointed so strongly her way that the
English authoritieswere about to seize
her a second time , though she had al
ready been searched and nothing had
been found on her which she had no
fight to carry.
She left Halifax in such a hurry
that she was tired on from the forts ,
but got away all right , making the
run to Cape Sable , sixty miles , in three
hours. ] At sea Admiral Higgins order-
> , d her course southward , and the forty-
five ! sailors on board mutinied , and
here was a light for the ship , the ofii-
ers winning. Off Martha's Vineyard ,
he ship was met by several small ves
sels carrying arms and men , and these
.
ivere taken on board , and the Hornet
' ecame a fully equipped vessel of war ,
laving twenty-six officers , : SOO men ,
ind nine guns , one 100-pound bow
baser , two sixty-pounders , four thirty-
wunders , and two
twenty-four-pound-
TS. Once at sea with this equipment.
Jolonel Ingraham , who had been in
omuiand l of her since her purchase
timed her over to Admiral Higgins ,
he officers received their commissions.
'olonel Ingraham becoming comuiand-
int of marines , her name was changed
o the Cuba , and Colonel Ingraham.
vith his own hands , raised the Cuban
lag over her. being the first Cuban
lag ever to go up over an armed deck
f a Cuban vessel , and. by the way.
here has not yet been another one.
"Not long after this , a month or so. *
he Cuba was caught in a hurricane *
'
ml had to put in at Wilmington. N. C. .
or coal. She had hard coal , which
amid not make steam , and soft was
eeessary. The Spanisli mail steamer.
l'
rith . OOTi.OOO in treasure and 200
panish officer from Cuba , had got
way from her onthis account , and
liis : was worse than a hurricane. She
as suspected by the authorities at
<
Wilmington , and. though every effort
as made to get away before she could
e searched , it was impossible , as her
ngines had been uncoupled for re-
airs , and she was captured. Admiral
iggins surrendered her to Colonel
'rank of the United States army , but
fused to pull down his tlag until he
ad been tried and the ship was finally
ufiscated. The trial lasted a month
nd resulted in the acquittal of Ilig-
ins and Ingraham ; the other officers
ere sent to Washington under bond , [
nd released later , and the men were
tiid off and discharged. The Cuba ,
owever , was held and sent to New
ork. under command of Captain Maf-
0 )
, formerly of the famous Confeder-
U > privateer Florida , and she , was
itcr taken to Baltimore , where she
as left to rot. I understand she is
ing in the mud down there now. and
she is , the Cubans ought to resur-
ct her and take her home. Colonel
igraham is now living in New York
ity. " Chicago Inter Ocean. r ,
AN INTERNATIONAL TOWN.
on the Mexican Border How
-
the .Liovt * Are Knfnrced.
It would be incorrect to date a letter
mil cither Nogales , Arise. , or Nogales.
exicu , alone , for the town belongs so :
lOiOUghly and completely to both that >
'ithtT half is a town at all. It is the dtl
and intorna- tl
ost completely curiously -
Mial place that can be conceived o' .
Here is no separation of the two parts d ;
sible as you look down on the town
om the hills , and the life and the or- it.
nary traffic of the place llosv back and
rth with no one. apparently , to say tl
em nay. However , it must not be lew
ipposed that there is free trade across w
e thoroughfare , which on one side is
lieu International street and on the tl
her the Calle International.
In the middle of the street , where the st
ille Elias. or main business street , hi
osses th * li f rnutional avenue , stands
stone otu'l'/A about twelve feet high ,
d in thp if'xitly of this are always
or two guards in civilian dress , why
y no attention , .to empty-handed IK
sscrs-by , but will , stop1 any carriage c <
or any person who offers to cross with
a burden tl at might contaJn dutiable
material. Occasionally , on the Mexican
side , one sees a Mexican soldier iu uni
form , but the cuartel near by Is too
small to hold more than a small detach
ment , and neither soldiers nor uniform
ed customs guards are ever in evidence
along the l > order.
The Americans live apart from one
another in individual houses of all
grades , most of which are very neat ,
and some of which are quite fine and
must have been costly. Their streets
run up the sides of the mountain glen
In which the town is situated. They
have , of course , one large and fine pub
lic school building and one or two
smaller ones ; churches they seem to
have little use for. In among their
houses are the adobe cabins of the Mex
icans , who are their hewers of wood
and drawers of water ( these terms be
ing literally correct here , for the fuel of
the country is knotted and gnarled
wood brought from the hills on don-
ekys' backs , and the town water won't
run up to the higher elevations ) .
The air , either with the scent of the-
burning wood or without it , says the
New York Post , is delicious and exhil
arating. The sunlight gilds the Santa
Rita peaks , the outpost of Arizona fac-1
ing toward Mexico. The climate of this !
season is perfection itself ; the nights j'
and mornings cool almost cold , yet j
without any chill at all the day from
10 o'clock on till sunset hot in the sun.
yet cool enough indoors and conducive
to siestas. The place seems to have
exactly theclimate for a winter and
spring resort.
SECRET OF OLD ST. PAUL'S.
Mystery of a Man and Woman Who
Meet Daily in the Churchyard.
A man about 45 years old. silk hatted ,
frock coaled and shod in patent loath- i
r , goes into the old churchyard at St. ' [
Paul's at noon every day. He passes
through the Broadway gateway , walks '
iround the path on the north of the
n :
church and with eyes fixed on the clock
"
waits for the hands to point to half
past VI. Then he crosses his hands
and walks down the path on the Ful
ton street side of the church.
Then a woman appears ou the scene. t
She wears black silk and a dainty hat.
0
b
She passes around to the rear of the
churchyard , takes out her purse and .
leaning upon the gray stone of the Ben
jamin Haight vault , takes money from
her purse. This appears to be a signal
for the man to turn and go back along
the walk. As he goes along the walk
the woman starts from the rear of the
churchyard. As they pass each other
.she slips a coin or a bill into his hand. .
;
Not a word is spoken by either. Not
a smile wrinkles the face of either. In
fact , if their countenances depict any
thing they depict scorn. The woman ,
who is about 30 years old , has large
black eyes , which have no more
' *
warmth in them than has the wind iu
winter. She stares coldly , gloomily , at
the man as he passes. As to the man ,
hatetul to nini is the coin or note she
passes to him at least that is the way .
the crowd on Broadway figures" it out.
Bustling Broadway stops here daily f" ,
[
to see the couple meet in the church- .
yard. Messengers , bank clerks , brokers
and typewriting girls stop and peer be
Ill
tween the rails of the iron fence. They th
have lonir noticed this financial trans-
.
iiction ' in the graveyard , for the strange
th
couple have appeared there daily for
many months.
if
Typewriting girls , anxious to get a
glimpse of the woman's face , go into
sn
the churchyard with novels and sit
reading ' , while they wait for the faV
\V
strangers to arrive.
t-o
When the couple go away Broadway toMI
MI
moves on its way too , speculating on
the secret that these two persons pos-
ess. New York Sun.
Columbia's -Little Sister. ha
Miss Columbia has a little sister now th
Who looks as if inclined to he afraid ;
I'he curls are dark that hang about Iier i-a
brow ,
And thiI ord Jias heard a prayer that
she has made. .
I'liore are hollows iu her sunburned lit
tle cheeks. iit
iitn
She i < ragged and her little feet are n
hare. h
int there's music iu her soft tones I
she sponks. ca
Ami when she smiles her little face is no
fair. .
, .0 ]
h , little Cului. cease to he afraid.
The road o'er which you've come is roi
roujrh and steep. Ml
Sut a fair way lies before yon. little 1C ;
1C01
in .lid. -01
Where Hovvers bloom and happy foun
tains leap.
. little hand is on Columbia's .nrm.
A little maid looks anxiously ahead :
-et him be\vare who seeks to do her I
harm. I'o
And ( Jud protect the Leader and tha l.f
Led.
-S. E. Kiser. in Chii-ajro UecordHcrald.lin
A * Drug Store Story. ! IU
The present rate war which is raging to
mong the local druggists recalls tin-
ld story of the man who rushed into a till
Irug store late one night and inquired am
he price of a certain patent medicine.
"One dollar a bottle , " replied the uli
irujjgist. \\-s
"But I haven't a dollar. " replied the kin
uan , "and my wife is very sick. " All
"It will cost you a dollar , " insisted
he drnir ist , but without further par- ari
y the customer , made desperate by his Vfl
rife's plight , snatched the bottle , and o
utting down a dime on the counter 1
nrned and ran out of the &tcre.
Following hi m as far as the door , the .ru
tory goes , the druggist 1 'vlcd after
in. , triumphantly : .1:1 :
" * " r.iind I've njat'.e Jprr.ilrei
"e\or : H ] . -ai n
ci-ni on
. " Syracuse HeraiA .11:1
you roast peopl * 1 their face , or Ml
ehind their backs ? The last trick is
nwardly ; the other foolish. .j
NO NICKEL , NO CALL.
DISADVANTAGE OF ONE PARTY
LINE TELEPHONE.
Sed Tape Took Up Valuable Time
When There Were JVirulars In the
House and the Owner Wanted Con
nection with Police Headquarters.
There is one man in Washington who
is the sworn foe of the telephone com
pany. He declares that while it is true ,
that corporations have no souls , and
he is. therefore , barred from invoking
perdition on the head of the company ,
he would cheerfully consign the di-
rpctors and stockholders of.the con-
vrn to the uttermost limbo of the
inferno. He has not yet cooled down
Mifficiently to tell the reason for his
H-ud in coherent fashion , but from
jther sources equally as authentic the
ause of the trouble is learned.
Mr. Subscriber has a telephone in
iiis house. It is one of these three-or-
lour-on-the-15ne affairs , and you have
to drop a nickel in the slot to get
ction. Central is always particular
iiout the nickel. One night last week
tlrs. Subscriber , who is a light sleeper ,
[ ' .card a noise in the house. It was
ne of those stealthy , creepy , noise
less noises that suggest missing silver ,
btolen watches , and sometimes mur
der. She is a courageous woman , and
he made certain that her ears did not
deceive her. Then she screamed. Mr.
Subscriber woke with a start , but was
still a bit foggy. Another scream.
"What's the matter ? " asked the mas
ter of the house.
"Burglars ! Don't you hear them ?
Murder ! Help ! Burglars ! Police ! "
Mr. Subscriber leaped up and ran to
he door of the room. He saw a man
bustling down the stairs. He ran back
mid proceeded to put on his trousers.
I'lien he hunted for a match , but his
natch box was empty and he could
not find one until he had ransacked
icarly every room on the upper lloor ,
aid finally located one in the bath
room. He lit the gas and looked at his
vatch and found that it was half-past
J. He ran to the telephone , and told
ileepy Central that there were bur
glars in the house , and he wanted po-
ice headquarters in order that the
dnecoats might be warned in time to
apture the marauders. Wouldn't Cen-
ral please hurry ?
"Put in your nickel , " said Central.
' 'I haven't a bit of change , not a
hing less than a dollar bill. Charge
ne up witli a nickel a dollar ten dol-
irs. Do anything , but just give me
iolice headquarters. "
"Well , I'm sorry , " said Central in a
iianner both deliberate and sympa-
hetic , "but you will have to put a
ickel in the slot before I can give
ou headquarters. That's the rule , you
now. "
"But don't you see how it is , " plead-
il Mr. Subscriber. "Burglars in the
ouse. I saw 'em. Police ! Help ! I
ay , charge me up with anything. I've
ot all kinds of money except nickels ,
urry up , do. The women in the
ouse are nearly frantic. " ?
This appeal was not without Its in-
uence o Central , who said : "I'll call
le chief operator. " After what seein- n
an endless time a voice came over ii
iitl
le "phone : tl
"This is the chief operator. What is tlh tld
V h
Mr. Subscriber stated his case again , t
lying that he could hear the spoons n
ittling downstairs and the house
oulu ( be looted before the police ti
uld leave the station. The chief le
leo
u > rator listened attentively at least o >
ic didn't interrupt. Then she asked
veetly : K
"Well , you know we can't let you ei
ein
ive the number unless you put in n
le nickel except in case of an emer- c <
ncy call. Now , is this an emergencv it
itp
ill ? " p >
"My God. woman , " said Mr. Sub-
Tiber. "Two o'clock in the morning
burglars spoons stolen saw 'em V
yself. burglars I mean folks faint- ll
llei
g no nickel. Of course , this is an ei
ein
licrgency call. " This last he fairly n
irieked. q
He got headquarters and the police tl
tlti
une out iu a few minutes , but found ti
burglars , although they made the li
lih
iinforting assurance that there had h :
idoubtcdly been some there. This ei
nimcnt. however , failed to appease tl :
r. Subscriber , who now swears that
will get even with the telephone
inpany.
MAKERS OF TOMAHAWKS. K [
pe [
French and Spanish Made bi
the Metal Indian Weapons. b :
Before the discovery of America by ev
ilumbiis the Indians used as weapons th
war stone axes , or celts , such as one to
ids occasionally in opening mounds , toA 1
owing fields or digging foundations , fr
e general form of which is familiar pt
almost every one. With the arrival fa
I he whites the Indians discarded fawi
cse clumsy weapons of the stone age
d began using tomahawks of iron or bi :
el. which they obtained from the lit
liiie traders , and which , after the th
nils of the Indians came to be better thPi
town , were manufactured for the Piw ]
nericiin trade in various parts of Eu- Ct
pe. With the improvement in fire- " 'I
ins the Indians came in tiuu to have hi :
ry little use even for the tomahawk , AJ
that none were made after 17. 4.
hus it happens that these metal
inahawks are of more value and
eater interest than the earlier stone
1
es. or celts , by reason of the fact 1A
ii the latter are fairly common and crji
be found In almost any mound , f
icreas the tomahawks of European gel
inufacture are to-day exceedingly ]
re and also because there are three hi :
Ifereut varieties of the hitter , show- de
in their "design and generalwork - ' in
nmnshlp the trend of European grt
and metal-working skill.
The first Is called the English toma
hawk , for the reason that It was the
kind made by the English , and traded
by them to the tribes with whom they
came in contact in their settlement of
the new world. The English-made
tomahawk is patterned after the old
English ax. The fore part of the tom
ahawk runs in a perfectly straight Una
from the "pipe" or "hammer , " down to
the edge of the blade , while the reap
part of the blade curves upwardand
inward toward the handle. The French
style of tomahawk is altogether differ
ent. The "pipe" is the same as in the
English ( for that matter , all toma
hawks are. in this respect , alike ) , but
the blade was shaped exactly like an ,
ace of diamonds , forming a sort of
double triangle that caused the wcapoq
to look like a spear-head set in the
side , rather than in the end , of tha
handle or shaft. This idea the French ;
took from the pike , a weapon very
common and popular in the French ai >
mips of that period.
Tlie tomahawk which the Spanish ;
traders sold to their Indian customers ,
and which was manufactured in the
steel foundries of Toledo , differed very
much from the other and is the rarest
of the three. The Spanish toniahawl
was an exact copj * . only on a smaller
scale , of the old halberds , which wer
exceedingly popular during the cru
sades , and had reached a high state of
perfection in Spain.
As a general thing , says the Wash-
ington Post , one would be most apt to
find the English type of tomahawk/ '
among the Iroquois , Delawares , Smiw A.
uees , Cherokees , Creeks , Choctawg
and other tribes that lived within thQ
Anglo-Saxon sphere of settlement ; tha
French style among the Ojibwas , Chip ,
pewas , Ottawas , Sioux , NePerees ,
Flatheads and Crees , with whom they
dealt and came in contact before any
other whites , while the Spanish typa
would be most apt to occur among tl/a
Semluoles , Kiowas , Zuuis am ?
Apaches.
WHY WOMEN LIKE FICTION.
Reared ina Romantic Atmosphere an <
Kead for Love of a Story.
Do women find in fiction the roman *
tic element they crave , and perhaps
do not find In sufficient quantity ip
lifeV How otherwise are we to ac *
count for their devotion to novels ,
without which the story-writer would
fare but ill upon the slim diet of an-
unfilled purse , and the publisher share
the disaster ? If Mr. Carnegie should
be able to keep out of libraries , as he
suggested , all fiction under three yearn
old , it might safely be said that the
women would be against him whicb >
means that the thing could not be
done. Women like new fiction ; they
want the book that is "just out. " If it
is a historical novel , they feel that they
ire gathering information , heaveo
bless them !
If it is a romance , pure and sim
ple , they forget over its pages the do
mestic trials of the morning or the af
ternoon. It does them no more harm-
than has l > eeu done for countless geu-
rations. For Avomen are nourished
ipon fiction from the days of the !
jirth. Our girls are reared in an
nosphere rarefied and cleared from all
mpurities. The world is shown thenr
hrough a rosetinctured glass. "Here ,
lea rest , is a city , a wonderful city of
nippy homes , of beautiful art , of heav
nly aspiration. And those these are"
neu , noble , high-minded beings who
vill always guide and teach and pro-
ect you. These other are women ,
ovelier than everything else. " And so-
n.
Fiction without discrimination is fed.
o the girl who looks with heaven-giv-
n trust into the eyes of her well-
neaniug teachers. And when she be-
omes a woman , the habit has sent
ts roots * into her soul , and lie she hap-
y ; or pensive , she reads fiction.
With men it is different. They do.
lot expect from life what women do.
Vlu'ii they read novels it is to forget
he rigors of business , to enter delib-
rately a region which they know does
lot exist. But women can seldom
liiite believe that it does not exist. To
hem life is romance. If it does not
urn out well , so much the worse foe
ife. and they turn.to books , where the
appy ending is fairly sure to be count-
il upon. In women's love for fiction
here is something more than is s ytr-
cially apparent. Harper's Wcok'Ty.
Protestant Kittens.
Pressed for a little ready money & .
erry "bhoy" took it into his head that
rliaps a Protestant clergyman would
uy from him a couple of kittens. The
argaiu , however , could not be struck ,
ven with an indorsement from Conn
nit "they were sound Protestant kit-
us. " awl he returned to his cabin ,
bout a week later , and things gone
om bad to worse , it struck Conn that
1't-haps the parish priest might take a
incy to the kittens , and off he set
ith them , one under each arm. for the
resbytery. "Och , your riverenee , da
uy them. Sure , they are good Catho-
kittens , anyhow. " "But you said
ic other day , that they were < oun l
rotestant kittensreplied the father ,
ho had heard In conversation about
oiiii's offer to the other clergyman.
1'hrue , father dear , and so they weiv ,
it their eyes weren't opened then.1
Hd the kittens were sold.
Proof on Tap.
Clara Was it a case of love on her
irt , do you think ?
Maude It certainly was. "Why , she
ive up a position paying a salary of
> a week to marry him and he Is o.nly
sttiug $10. > -
It is a good plan for a man to leave-
s widow some life insurance , in or-
r that Hope Maj' Take Koot Again ,
" * ' " " "
her heart" _ _
