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About The Omaha guide. (Omaha, Neb.) 1927-19?? | View Entire Issue (April 6, 1935)
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION Twenty-thousand Needy Colored School Children Get Lunches Under Relief Program in Mis sippi—Three-thousand in District of Columbia. By Edgar 0. Brown. More than 290,000 school child ren in 45 s'ates and the District of Columbia received free milk or free, hot lunches including milk during the school year 1933— 1934, the results of a survey made public by the FERA reveal. This total represents 7.5 per cent of the euro linen, in the school systems from which these data were ob tained. Three States; Alabama, Illinois and Michigan did not re port. The survey clearly indicates, according to Harry L. Hopkins, Federal Emergency Relief Admi nistrator, some of the real and permanent social benefits of the J'ERA program which have been made despite the depression throughout the country, par.icul arly in the Southern Slates. The Federal Emergency Relief Administra ion first gave official lunch and free milk project lor lunch and free mily project for; needy and undernourished child ren in the S ates following i s successful introduction in the Dis trict of Columbia by the relief of ficials. Airs. Roosevel , shortly after arriving at the White House in 1933, became the chief sponsor of this health and educational program from the capital city. Miss Mary A. Mason, advisor to the FERA on food require ments and a leading authority on home economics, has just received a report from Miss Ernestine Frazier, uu ritionist director of Mississippi, showing 20,172 col-J ored children out of a total of 45,367 who have received hot lun-j ches and milk jtree during the Hast school year. iii Houika, Chickasaw County, Miss., which is typical, 206 Negro1 children out of 450 received a ho lunch and one pint of milk as the daily school schedule. Pictures from the Egremomt school in New Albany show a large class ot heal.hy and happy' colored boys and girls seated on long benches before the seruplous ly clean .able with steaming plates of vegetables and a bottle of milk wi.h a ldng straw', giving mute, but convincing proof of the old adage that uoi only is seeing be lieving, but tasting most enjoy able. Free lunches are provided in Washington junior and senior and high and vocational schools to pupils authorized as eligible by the District Emergency Relief Ad ministration, of which Miss M. Alice Hill is director. Iu the elementary schools, these lunches are supplied by a central kitchen under the supervision of Mrs. Katherine M. Ansley. The prin cipals of the respective schools de termine those pupils in need of free lunches. The 'following report of the district of Columbia schools from the office of First Assistant Su perintendent Garnett C. Wilker son show's there are over 3,000 colored children receiving these free lunches: Elementary School District of Columbia, Divisions No. 10 and 13.. Report on number of hot lun ches served needy Colored School Children. Tenth Division. Briggs, 45; Bruce, 60; Chain Bridge, 29; Garrison, 47; Grimke, Old Phelps Bldg, 31; Harrison, 108: Military Road, 21; Monroe, 71; Morgan-Wilson, 76; Montgom ery, 75; Phillips, 75; Reno, 35; Stevens, 93; Sumner-Magruder, 33; Toner,—Worm ley, 48. Total, 10th Division, 847. Eleventh Division. Banneker, 55; Bates Road, 18 Cleveland, 44; Cleveland Annex —At Cardozo—32; Cook, John P 31; Crummell, 111; Douglas-Sim mons, 71; Jones, 45^ Logan, 122 Morse, 21; Mott, 128; Slater Langston, 92; Twining, 20 Young, 51. Total 11th Division, 841. Thirteenth Division. Ambush, 95; Bell, 150; Bimey, 120; Bowen, Anthony J., 161; Bur rville, 168; Deanwood, 130; Gar field, 50; Giddings, 126: Lincoln, 42; Lovejoy, 60; Payne, 100; Smothers, 53; Syphax, 87; Small wood, 77. Total 13th Division, 1,419. Grand Total, 3,107. Number of colored pupils re ceiving free lunches in the junior and senior high and vocational schools of the District of Colum Armstrong High School, 13; Ca rdozo High School, 21; Dunbar High School, 21; Browne Jurnor I High School, 25; Francis Junior High School, 43; Garnet-Patter son Junior High School, 12; Ran dall Junior High School, 39; Shaw Junior High School, 55: Terrell Junior High School, 52; Phelps Vocational School, 19; Washing ton Voational School, 39. Total 339. POLICE BRUTALITY SWEEPS HARLEM, NEW YORK. New York—The most savage wave of police brutali.y in the his tory of New York struck Harlem la*t Tuesday night. One man was killed and more than 100 severaly injured by po lice guns, blackjacks, and clubs as thousands of Negroes and sym pa he.ic whites jammed the streets upon hearing a report that a Negro boy had been beaten to death by deiec ivcs in the Kress store located on 125th Street near Seventh avenue. Beat Boy Savagely. Accusing a Negro boy of steal ing a five cent jacknife and a handful of candy, two huge Kress store detectives set upon him and began .o pummel him unmerci fully. Negro shoppers in the store fearing that the boy would be killed, screamed. The detect ives then dragged the boy down in.o the basement. A delegation of shoppers in the s'.ore, led by Reggie Thomas, member of the Harlem section of the International Labor Defense, went to the manager to protest the beating. The manager evad ed the questions of tlm delegation, stating thai the boy was not badly hurt and had been released. The delegation refused to believe him and called upon other peo ple in the store to join them in protest. Squads of policemen that bat tered through the crowds into the store and attacked the mem bers of the delegation. One wom an was seriously injured ,arrested and carried to the police station. A series of brutal beatings of in nocent bystanders set crowds of people into furious retaliation against the police and the Kress store owner. AH, Tuesday night until day break Wednesday morning, thous ands swarmed into the Harlem streets raging against the police, smashing the windows and store front of the big department stores in Harlem. The Kress s^ore is one of the many chain department stores in Harlem which refuses to employ Negroes. Particularly were the large grocery stores loot ed, and thousands of Negroes de nied relief, discriminated against by the relief bureau authorties, seized food for their starving families. Relief conditions In Harlem are the worst in New York. The ■city administration has provided a system which pays hunger stricken Negro families 25 per cent less relief than in any other section of the city. Two out of every thee Negro workers in Har lem are jobless and facing starva tion, according to statistics. The violence of the Harlemites in breaking plate glass* windows and smashing store-fronts is gen erally regarded as the resentment of the people against the starva tion conditions existing in this section of the city. Two protests against the brutal attack on the boy in Kress was the outlet through which this pent-up anger expressed itself, it is claimed. In a statement issued last week, James Ford, vice-presidential can didate of the Communist Party in 1932 and Harlem Communist leader stated. “The responsibility for the events in Harlem falls squarely upon the city administration and the police. wThe reported beating up of a 12-year old Negro boy in Harlem was but the incident for letting loose the bitterness and re sentment of the Negro people of Harlem as a result of their starva tion conditions and terrible suf fering.” A statement has also been is sued by the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, declaring that “race rio.ing,, looting and provo cations” are definitely opposed by these two organizations as a method of “bettering conditions” in Harlem. The statement of the League of Struggle for Negro ’Rights fol lows in part: “The attempt on the part of the press and the city officials to pin the blame for the recent disturbances in Harlem on the Communis.s and the Young Liber ators is for the purpose of be clouding the issue and to cover up the mass misery and increas ing degradation of hundreds of thousands of Negroes in the com munity. L is crystal clear from the very nature of the disturb ances—the fact that the anger of the masses was directed against whi.e stores rather than white individual shows the economic and social basis for the outburst of anger. This is further indicat ed from tht fact that no white workers were attacked and that one large Negro establishment was not spared. Certainly the looting of food stores is more the work of hungry people than those inflamed by race hatred.” A. W. Berry,cmfwpy A. W. Berry, General Secretary, League of Struggle For Negro Rights. THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART. The Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53rd Street, announces an Exhibition of African Negro Art open to the public beginning March 19 and to remain on view through Sunday, May 19. Mr. James Johnson Sweeney, art criiic and author of a book and articles on modern are published in this country and in Europe, has selected the 603 subjects which will be shown from private and museum collections in England, elgivun, France and the United States. The principal emphasis will be on, sculpture in wood, which had had so much interest for modern artists. Sculpture in j bronze and ivory will also be shown as well as textiles, imple ments and weapons. Objects in the Exhibition, have been, drawn principally from west central Africa, an area near ly twice the size of the United States. It includes the following regions1 French Sudan, French Guinea, Upper Yolta, Sierra Le one, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Dahom ' ov, British Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabun, French Congo, Belgia Congo, Angola and Bri.ish East Africa. It is impossible to es timate with any degree of accura cy the age of the objects. Those in wood, due to the perishable nature of the material and the omnivorous white ants of Afri ca, may not be more than two or three hundred years old. objects in metal and ivory may precede the sixteenth century. In commenting on the relation between Africa Art and modern ar., Mr. Sweeney has said: “The are of the primitive negro in his mastery of aesihetic forms, sensi tiveness to ma.erials, freedom from naturalistic imitation and boldness of imagination parades many of the ideals of modern art. We find many characteristics of Epstein’s work and that of sev eral other modern sculptors and painters such as Picasso, Modigli ani and Braneush, that point to their respect for African art. “Religion has been the chief stimilus of African art. In. the parklands and forest fringes of I the continent ancestor worship was practiced. In the denser jungles animis ic beliefs predomi nated; trees, streams, rocks and animals were worshipped as su pernatural forces in rituals which involved sculptured masks and fetishes. There are fetish-men’s, masks, hunting masks, circum cision ritual masks and masks worn at funeral and memorial ceremonies— different variations of type in every tribe for every purpose, in wood, ivory, gold, wicker, cloth, straw, parchment, and endless combinations of ma terials. There are fertility idols and fetishes for conjuration to heal the sick or effect the death of an enemy. There are figures that represent the dead and figures to insure successful child birth. “African Negro art, however, is not confined to religious ex ression. It is shown in house hold utensils, weapons, imple ments, and many other objects such as bobbins for weaving cloth, spoons, headrests, musical instruments, and tiny weigh, s used by natives in weighing gold dust.” A volume on African Negro arc will be published by the museum in conjunction with the Exhibi tion. It will include more than 100 half tone illustrations and three maps. The introduction is by Mr. Sweeney, who draws this conclusion: “In the end, how ever, it is not the tribal eharacter itics of Negro are nor its strange ness that are interesting. It is its plastic quali.ies. Picturesque or exotic gestures as well as his torical and ethnographic con siderations have a tendency 10 blind as to its true worth. This was realized at once by its earliest amateurs. Today with the advan ces we have made during the last thirty years in our knowledge of Africa it has become an even graver danger. Our approach must be held conscientiously in quite ano.her direction. It is the vitality of the forms of Negro art that should speak to us, the sim plifiea ion without impoverish ment, the unerring emphasis on the essential, the consistent, three-! dimensional organizations of structural planes in architecton I is sequences, the uncompromising truth to material wi h a seeming ly intuitive adaptation of i;, and the tension achieved between the idea or emotion io be expressed through representation and the abstract principles of sculpture. “The art of negro Africa is a seulntor’s art. As a sculptural tradition in the last century it has had no rival. It is as sculpture we should approach it.” PLAN TO SEND HARLEMITES SOUTH SCORNED New York, April 4.— A pro posal by Edward C. Rybicki, su pervising mediator of the state labor department, to send “Har lem’s needy colored folk back to their old homes in the South,” was scorned here this week by the National Assoeia.ion for the Advancement of Colored People. The plan, as quoted above, was quoted in the Daily News and when the N. A. A. C. P. filed its protest, Mr. Rybicki denied that the newspaper had quoted him correctly. He stated that he had merely advocated that federal as sis.ance be given those who may desire to leave for their former homes where employment might be available.” In the stories published in The News, Mr. Rybiki was pitured as proposing the plan as a solution on the riot in Harlem, March 19. The N. A. A. C. P. letter to Mr. Rybicki pointed out that depor tation was no solution to the problems raised by the riot and that as a state labor official he should be working to see that the skilled and unskilled Harlem workers are given a fair share of ihe employment available. The letter also pointed out that Har lem building trades workers had been discriminated against in em ployment on state projects, such as construction of hospitals, pris ons and other structures. The Association pointed out also that American citizens have had free dom of movement and cannot be moved arbi.rarily from one place to another. LYNCHING ART EXHIBIT AT BALTIMORE OPENS New York, April 4.—The ex hibit known as “An Art Com mentary on Lynching,’’ which was shown in New York several weeks ago opened Monday, April 1, at the Maryland Institute in Balti more. The exhibit will include practically all the striking pieces which caused such wide-spread comment during the New York show. nrCfl We have discovered the way to dream anything you wish and have it come true. If you wish to have success with your dreams answer this ad at once. If not, don t write. Free details. Daggett Pub. Co. 3430 Rhodes Ave., Chicago, 111. BACK WITH THE GUIDE Mr. Dudley Wright has been reem ployed by the Omaha Guide as Adver tising Solicitor. 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