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About The Omaha morning bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 5, 1924)
Government Must Aid in Developing Agricultural Policy on Constructive Lives, Says Coolidge —1 ■' ■ ■ — <S\ _ _J Farm Taxes Must Be Cut to Minimum Principle of Co-Operation in Production, Finance and \ Marketing Must Be Fostered. Cites Aid Already Given The complete text of Presi dent Coolidge’s address be fore the International Live stock exposition follows: In conjjng thla year to visit the In ternational Livestock exposition. I have been able to gratify a wish of many years' standing. This exposi tion Is striking testimony to the mar velous advance of American agricul ture. It is also a convincing proof of the present soundness and future security of this great national inter est. We are entitled. I think, to look upon livestock as one of the most highly developed products of the agri cultural industry. To bring that In dustry to Its present high estate has required a continuing co-operatlon of unflagging Industry, determined cour age, sound business, a widespread and Intelligent application of scientific methods, and the recognition of the practical advantages to be derived from our American system of agri cultural education. This annual ex position has marked perhaps more ac curately than any other index the steady progression of agriculture from an unorganized and rudimentary occupation to the point where It has taken on the character of a profes sion, and has summoned to its aid the most effective methods of business or ganization. economic analysis and scientific methods. AGRICULTURE IN 1 SAFE HANDS. All of this, Impressive as is the ac I compllshment which It has wrought, would not be a sure guaranty of soundness and permanent aecurity in the realm of agriculture, If the busi ness were one of enormous units and concentrated management. If these striking advances could be attributed to the wisdom and vision of any nar i row group of men: If they were the I accomplishment of some limited num j her of particularly capable leaders, I dominating the Industry as a board of 1 directors might rule a great corpora 9 tion, the results which we see here I would not justify all the confidence I with which we view the future of the ■ American farming community. In H such a situation, we might well fear the possibility that leadership would ;K one day fall Into the hands of less r capable, less understanding, less far sighted management \vjth disastrous results. Fortunately, there is small danger of this. Here we have an In dustry which Is absolutely essential to the national welfare. Its success de pends upon the skill and wisdom of millions of men who must qualify as competent executives, capable of util izing the best of business methods, of scientific knowledge, and of sound eco nomic understanding, all applied to the Intensely practical problems of every day’s work and every season's planning. The real achievement has consisted far less In breeding up our grains and fruits and livestock to present high standards, than in train ing up a generation of farmers who i an confidently be Intrusted with fu ture management. If anybody questions that the farm ing community of this country has become a community of men and ^ women capable of dealing with affairs in the broadest and most inclusive sense, I should like to have the doubt er share with me the privilege of discussing the problems of agriculture with some of the men and women who come straight from the farm to the White House for that purpose. I should like to have him give an oc casional hour to the sort of confer ence* which have become so familiar to me. In these conferences the men and women of the soil appear as prac tical economists, as student* of Inter national relations, as organisers of big enterprises, as keen commentators on the problems of finance, of In ternational trade, of supply, demand, consuming capacity, producing possi bilities, and marketing opportunities. I should like to have the doubter know, as well as I know, that even In hi* times of misfortune the farmer demonstrate* a most reassuring ca pacity to keep hi* common sense In tact and to do hi* economic think ing on sound lines. farmer found BUSINESS MAN. There is altogether ton much dls position in some quarters to assume that the farmer Is peculiarly given to wild Ideas and unsound notions about business, finance and econom ics. On the other hand, every dts Mnct test In these respect* has re * tulted In an overwhelming verdict "rom the farmera In favor of sanity, soundness, moderation, sense, and reason in dealing with all their prob lems. Nobody I* going to advance his own Interests by playing upon the presumption of the farmer's lg norance, or selfishness, or Incapacity to think accurately. The visionary and the demagogue lnvnlrlably dls cover that the farmer does not want their unsound proposals of panaceas. He does not demand special treat ment and class favoritism. He wants a fair show, end when he gets It he can be relied upon to take good care of himself and to contribute substantially toward taking care of the rest of ua. From the beginnings, the prosperi ty and efficiency of farming have been very accurately meaaured by the development of Its livestock feature. I do not know Just when the dla eovery was made that the profitable mode of marketing products of the farm waa to drive them away on four feat. But I do know that thla was so long ago recognised In the old New England country of which I am a native, that It gave rise to a quaint colloquialism which was employed In stating the size and capacity of a farm. When I was a boy in Ver mont, a farm was described, not •* containing 60 acres, or 80 acres, or 100 acres, but as a 10-cow farm, or a 20-cow farm, or a 30.-cow farm. And I am not sure but thla old fashioned mode of measurement was more accurately descriptive than any unit derived from the activities of the surveyor. The real gauge of both the land's productiveness and the farmer's capability was much more intimately related to the number of cowa than to the number of acres. PRESIDENT OUTLINES EXHIBIT’S HISTORY. It was the realization of this rela tion of livestock to successful farm ing that animated the men who founded the International Livestock exposition. As this year's exposi tion marks the first quarter-cen tennlal anniversary of the interna tional, It will not be amiss for me to say a word about Its organization and development. It has been pre ceded by the old Chicago fat stock show. Ths men who established the exposition were possessed of special opportunities for Insight into the needs of the industry. They had the benefits of the long and wide-ranging experience of the Chicago stockyards and packing industry, which tourhPd every possible phase from produc tion on the frontier range to market ing in the most distant part of the world. Every aspect of the industry was represented In the historic meeting that was held on November 24, 1899, to organize this annual exposition. To that meeting came representatives of the purebred industry, federal and state educators, transportation and market agencies, the agricultural press, packing concerns, and all the rest. Among these, there was realiza tion that livestock production was falling behind the pace of Increase in human population. It was seen that the ranges were fast being denuded, and that there was too little knowledge of benefits and profits to be had from breeding and feeding a better class of stock. With all these things in mind, this exposition was founded as an object lesson to attract and hold the interest of producers, acquaint them with the realities of the situation, and help them adapt their methods to rapidly changing conditions. The United Stockyards company offered the splendid site and building that have been the home of the show, and agreed to contribute generously in financing it. The man agement realized that the nation’s reserve strength In livestock Improve ment through breeding must lie in the purebred animals, and offered every Incentive for Increasing tl\fse supplies, through this and many other similar educational efforts. There has resulted a remarkable and continuing interest in purebred live stock, until today we have ap proximately 4,500,000 registered breed ing food animals In the country. These constitute our fountain of bet terment. The exposition has brought together the best products of nnimal husbandry from all over the union, from Canada and from other foreign countries. It has been a meeting place for the best livestock thought and experience. FARMER’S TROUBLES IN THE MARKET. The interest of the national govern ment and of many of the states hus been enlisted. The Department of Agriculture has given active support and practical co-operation. Its aim has been to help improve the stand ards of your show, and to maintain Intimate contact with all agencies concerned in producing and market ing livestock. One of its prime duties has been to keep out foreign animal diseases and to eradicate any that might gain entrance. The effective ness of these efforts is shown in the success of the bureau of animal in dustry In checking every outbreak of the dreaded foot-and-mouth disease. Hog cholera and tuberculosis are being rapidly eliminated. The meat inspection service is a protection to producer and consumer alike, and in its field is a mode! for the world. It Is not from any lack of govern ment activity in these directions that the farmer is suffering.* The troubles of the farmer are on the farm and in the market. They come largely from overproduction. We are search ing for remedies. We know by all experience that government subsidies or price-fixing would Increase produc tion and aggravate the evil. We might give away the surpluses, or buy and store them Indefinitely; still the cost must come from the tax payer. and the farmer is a taxpayer. But in the end these efforts always fail. The sound remedy is to reduce production, and that is a remedy which will automatically apply Itself If there Is not artificial Interference. Another point of attack Is belter mar keting. There are other practical, workable measures of relief for su<-h conditions as the farmer has recently faced, and these have been Invoked. I want to call attention to some ef forts In this direction. TARIFF DESIGNED TO BENEFIT FARMER. In the first place, let us consider the tariff. The present rates on Im ports have been criticized as sacri ficing the farmer to the manufac turer- But, in fact, our tariff enables us to pay American workmen the highest wages In the world. High standards of living thus established have enabled the people to consume, per capita, more than twice as much cotton, dairy products, poultry, to bacco, eggs, meats, sugar, and animal fats, as Is consumed In continental Europe. The American farmer, while receiving the generous prices which protection assures him for many of his products, gels better and cheaper machinery than any other farmer In the world because of ttie economies which mass production makes possi ble. We have built argrlculture squarely Into the structure of our pro ductive system. The farmer receives the maximum benefit possible from tariff duties on competing farm prod ucts. In international trade the flow of grain and hog products Is outward, and, therefore, these receive less bene fits of protection. But in the case of wool, sugar, eggs, dairy products, flax seed, tobacco, nuts, fruits and other produce the flow Is Inward; they re ceive the full measure of protection and sell In the home market above tha general commodity price Index. The American tanner must nut be undersold at home by New Zealand mutton, Argentine beef, Canadian wheat, Danish butter, Bulgarian to bacco, Chinese eggs or Cuban sugar. Contrary to claims often advanced, the present tariff admits free of duly almost every nrtlcle the farmer usee in his business and protects almost every article raised on the farm. Whatever may be tho troub!^ with the farmer. It does not com" from the application of the tariff to his business. Certainly, It can not be claimed that the government has ne glected the farmer. In the past three years over $500,000,000 have been placed’ at the service of agriculture through the War Finance corpora tion. GOVERNMENT MIST AID GENEROUSLY. Three and one-half million dollars have been loaned In the northwest to buy seed. The Intermediate credit banks have been established, assuring the farmer cheap working capital. As president, I initiated an Agri cultural Credit company with $10, 000,000 capital for relief of farmers and hanks In the northwest. A drouth loan was provided when needed. Government control of grain exchanges, government control of packer!) and stockyards, a sound In formation trade service, and needed Increases in tariff protection have all been granted. When the farmers asked repre sentation on tho federal reserve board, they got It. I appointed one farmer to the shipping board and another to the federal trade hoard. Extremely liberal appropriations have been mnde under the federal highway act for the construction of better roads. Looking to the future, the govern ment must aid generously In de veloping a national agricultural policy on broadly constructive line*. It will support any sound program to re lease the farmer from the Individu alistic competitive condition* under which agriculture has been con ducted. It must encourage orderly and centralized marketing as a sub stitute for the haphazard and waste ful distribution methods of the past. The principle of co-operation in pro ducing, financing, buying, and mar keting must be encouraged to the ut most practicable development. We must help the farmer to reduce his taxes, broaden his foreign market, and keep freight rates as low as pos sible while keeping the railroads ef ficient. This should be supplemented by the development of navigation In the Mississippi valley and In the St. Lawrence river. I can think of nothing that will surely help the farmer so much as economy, econ omy in the local and national govern ments. This remedy Washington Is generously providing. These reme dies have been effective at last. What we want now Is the assurance of stability and continuing pros perity. INTENSIVE STUDY OF PROBLEM NECESSARY. It can not be that the problems of the farmer are beyond solution. His business and his welfare are all gov erned by natural and Inevitable laws. What is necessary is an intensive study in order to find out what these laws are and provide for their appli cation and observance. It Is not so long ago that the financial and mone tary system of our government was maintained In an illogical and hap hazard way. Sometimes there was a great abundance of currency and credit, at other times there was a great stringency. After many repeat ed attempts at a remedy the whole subject was surveyed, all the facts assembled, the logical results admit* ted. whether they appeared to be popular or not, and a government fi nancial system adopted which was strong enough to meet all the re quirements of the great war. With out It disaster wohld have prevailed. Acting on a similar theory. I have Intrusted what I believe to be a thor oughly representative and most ably equipped conference with making an analogous study of the farm prob lems. The members of this confer enre will he entirely free from any kind of political pressure in the con sideration of these questions. The farm problem la not a political prob lem. It must have an economic solu tion. The conference can take a broad and Inclusive view of the whole agricultural field, the production of fruits, grains, herds, and flocks, and all other foiids and materials that come from the farm. Out of their consideration I trust there may emerg a plan which will enable us to do for the agriculture of the nation something like what ha* been done for the finance* of the nation. REWARDS OF INDUSTRY MUST RE INCREASED. With some knowledge and a broad Interest In all these activities. I have been glad of opportunity to visit the eximsltlon this year. By doing so I have strengthened my be lief in the necessity to maintain ev ery proper agency aiming to Improve livestock, and to Increase the rewards of the Industry. The faith and ds termlnntlon of those who have ef fected the great Improvement In our livestock since the beginning of this century, are deserving of all encour agement and support, nnd you may be sure that these will he extended In every proper manner hy the na tional government. The Importance, Indeed the necessity of such a policy, U attested hy the statement that for the crop year 1923-24 over 53 per rent nT the gross lnooms of the nation from agricultural production came from livestock. Over 11 per cent of the entire national Income from *11 Industry In the nation w-n* from live stock and liveatock product*. Final ly. our country's pre-eminence In this branch of agriculture Is shown hy the fai t that although wo have «nly nbout 6 per cent of the world's popu lation. we posaess over 11 j>#r cent of Its cattle, over 29 per rent of Its «wtne, and nearly 8 per cent of Its sheep. We are the greatest meat producing and the greatest meat oon sumlng nation In the world. II Is necessary to have prosperity for an Industry which 1* no great * nallonul asset. The livestock Indus try Is on a bstter foundation today than at any time since the price col lapse of 1919 and 1920. Thu cattle men have had a harder time than any other group. For three year* gradual hut aleady liquidation has been go Ing on In the cattle industry. Now, 4 however, many of the expensive war time loans have been paid, money is cheaper, and the outlook for reduc tion of hog raising should strengthen the market for beef. Conditions are not yet good. how*ver. In the cattle business. The enormous Increase In hog production and slaughtering In 1522 and 1923 produced a competition which inevitably injured the market for beef. Moreover, the great In crease In the number of dairy cattle Introduced another competitive ele ment, for dairy cattle ultimately go to the market and compete with the more expensive meats. This season has seen a considerable reduction in the production of hogs and indica tions point to a continuance of these conditions the coming season. With such reductions In supplies, and favor able prospects for foreign demand, the outlook for the pork raiser Is more hopeful. But the beef grower, with practically no foreign outlet for a surplus, and with so much com petition confronting him, seems likely to serve himself best by producing fewer and better animals. That will Increase hts profits by reducing his costs. In the Inspiration which it gives to this program, this exposition Is serving the high practcal purpose for which It was Intended. MARKETING MUST BE IMPROVED. Sheep and wool growers are In more favorable position than producer* of either cattle or hogs. Sheep, lambs and wool all made a quick recovery from the price collapse of 1921, due In large part to the emergency tariff. The world Is short of sheep and of wool, and their prices are decidedly better than those of other farm anl mala. But these conditions seem to Justify the warning that the sheep and wool industry t« strikingly sub Ject to alternations of high produc tion with low prices, and low pro ductlon with high prices. Producers may well guard against assuming thal a present prosperity will continue If they too greatly expand their produc tton. In a broad view. T think we will find general agreement that If our livestock Industry were as efficient In marketing as it is In producing, Us results would be far better. This ex position has been an annual exhibit of the best methods and results In production. Costs of raising stock have lessened and the fattening per iod shortened. A quarter century ago fat yearling steers were unknown on the market. A litter of pigs making from one to two tons of pork in six months was unheard of even a few years ago. American farmers have won nearly all the world high-produc tion records. But on the side of ef ficient marketing there has not been a corresponding progress. If this ex position, or some other institution adapted to the purpose, would de vate the next quarter century to the betterments of marketing methods, and would do It as effectively as the work of Improving production has been done, most of your probems would be far on the way to solution. CONSUMERS MUST BE INFORMED. If we will consider the certainty of continuing Increase In the country'.-* population, we must realize that the Industries which furnish the nation’s food are certain of a continually ex panding market. In the long run. their position should be sound and secure. But to assure this, and espe cially, to bring relief as early as pos sible from conditions of the present, there must be close attention and well directed study of marketing. Pro ducers must learn to help themselves. They must learn what the market wants and when It wants It. They must learn to Interpret demand. Consumers also must he better In formed. They should be taught that an Inexpensive cut from a choice ani mal is better than a high-priced cut from an Inferior animal. When such knowledge Is generally disseminated and acted upon, there will he suf flclent premium on the heat meat to Justify the farmer In producing It. The International Is this year put ting on demonstrations with the par tlcular purpose of diffusing this kind of Information among consumers. I am convinced that there Is today a wider field for useful service to the livestock farmer In educating the housewives of the country In buying and utilizing their meats, than In en couraging the farmer to further ex pnnsion of production. But the Ideal adjustment would contemplate well directed campaigns for wiser produc tion. for more efficient marketing, and for more Intelligent utilization of meat products. As regard* co-operative marketing of livestock, an astoniahlng measure of progress has been accomplished In recent years. The Department of Ag rxulttiro state* that 1,547 livestock shipping association sre reporting to It. Their membership numbers almost 300,000 farmers, whom the assoc In tlons serve In marketing their stock. It Is estimated that they handle $182, 000,008 of business annually. There nr* 27 cooperative sales agencies at various terminal livestock markets, owned and controlled co operatively by farmers. They handle stock on a com mission basis and periodically distrib ute to the shippers the accumulation of their commissions In exc ess of ex penses. Tarsi year these selling agencies handled over 10,000,000 head of stock and returned over $800,000 of excess commissions. CO-OPERATIVES ARK REVIEWED. The s ghlflcance of such a larg* co oper alive market lug movement Is the more apparent when tt Is observed that the first of the co-operative ter minal mnrket selling agencies for live stock was established only so recently as 1917. Mn*t of them hava been cre ated since 1920, The farmers' market ing nnaoclntlona hava largely devel oped within the amne period. At prea ent between 90 and 80 tier cent of live •tuck handled by farmer* ahlpptng as /---N Japanese Beet Grower Demands Silver Dollars in Payment for His Crop \---' Krldgeport, Her. 4.—When Mlsliita Kiowa, a Japanese beet grower of the Tnrrington country, cashed his beet clink he refused paper money or checks and demanded all the $7X5 due him in silver dollnrs, which were paid. He left the bank carrying 30 pounds of silver. social Ion* In the corn belt atates Is forwarded to the cooperative selling agencies at the lernilnsl markets. The tendency Is toward larger local or ganizations which provide sufficient volume of business to justify the em ployment of skilled managers, and to permit the economies of operation oti a large scale. An essential preliminary to efficient co-operation in marketing is the establishment of standards, and the education of livestock producers to understand and appreciate the Value these. The consumer Is always will Ing to pay more for what he wants than for what he does not want. The producer who meets the most exact ing demands is certain to be the best paid. The best paid producer is that one who knows just what his custom er wants and then produces that par ticular article. In order that pro ducers may do this, the government, co-operating with the state extension service, has been sending market ex perts to instruct stockmen in select Ing, grading and shipping their stock so that It w-lll meet the most exact ing market demands. From their actual experience and touch with far mers they bring back the conclusion that Intelligent marketing is fully 50 per cent of production. There can be no profitable production which does not have always in mind the market whose requirements it Is Intended to meet. This means that the producer must equip himself with a vaut amount of information regarding mar ket conditions. That information must be accurate, comprehensive, standardized and timely. I believe all of these conditions are met by the market news service maintained by the Department of Agriculture. The agents of the service are highly trained men who spend their time on the market studying lte conditions and requirements. They have no dealings of their own, and, therefore, can make unbiased reports. Their service covert many of the leading livestock markets and several of the largest centers of meat consumption. They are all trained In the same school, which means that they all em ploy the same technical marketing terms and give those terms precisely the same meaning. Finally, every modern means of communication is employed to disseminate rapidly the results of their observation. The mail, the telegraph, the telephone and ra dio are all utilized in this last step of carrying the facts to the farmers. ORDERLY PRODUCTION IS A NECESSITY. Finally, inasmuch as orderly pro duction is a necessary preliminary to orderly marketing, the well-informed farmer must keep himself posted, months in advance, concerning the probable production of various kinds of stock during the coming season, as well as concerning the probable requirements of the market. He markably accurate surveys are made, showing the number and quality of' animals that are being fed, the num bers for which raisers are breeding, and the prospective requirements of markets, both domestic and foreign. The accuracy and practical value of these reporte have now been thor oughly tested. The farmer who will trust them, and who will permit his operations to be guided by them, finds himself possessing an enormous advantage over his neighbor who is either ignorant or skeptical regard ing their value. The tendency, as more and more stock raisers learn to avail themselves of all this informa tion, is to smooth out the course of the livestock business; to eliminate the peaks of Inflation and area A of depression; In short, to stabilize the business on a basis of safe and rea sonable profits. In the long run. American agrlcul tural production and marketing must be adjusted to tile production and consumption conditions of the world. Conditions at home are of first im portance because the home market absorbs most of our production. But the surplus which is left over for export is a factor of great Influence and Importance. In a world whose population nowadays tends to In crease at a pace far beyond that of earlier times, it is apparent that the business of furnishing food to the people must meet a rapid Increase of demand. Unless there are malad justments absolutely without excuse In the economic relations of indus try, agriculture, and commerce, the furnishing of food to a population which ia ao rapidly eximndlng should be the soundest and most reliable of all business, PRESIDENT PRAISES FARM WOMAN’S COI RAt.K. Tile other clay 1 received a letter from an old gentleman who wanted me to know that he had voted for me. He was approaching the century mark in age. and as I bethought my self of the changes that have taken place In his lifetime, I wondered how much the population of the world might have increased in that period. On examination of the best statistics, I found that in 90 years the world community has considerably more than doubled in numbers. In the same period the population of our own country has been multiplied by mors than eight. It is well within the prob abilities that millions of people now living will read the returns of a cen sus which will credit this country with far beyond 200,000,000 inhabi tants, These will require to be fed. We may, therefore, look forward to a time not now very far ahead of us when this country will have ceased to be an exporter of agricultural prod ucts, and will have become instead a heavy importer of them. When that time comes, our farmers will look back with wonderment to the time When such a thing as agricultural depression, resulting from over-pro duction, was possible. No interest of the nation is entitled to look upon the future with more confidence than our agriculture. It is true that some sections of the farming community have suffered se verely in recent years because of the eollapse in prices which followed the period of overestimated production during the war. Had It not been for the women on the farma in many In stances the disaster would have been complete. Their courage and devo tion saved the situation. But the li quidation of the surpluses, both In ac tual supplies and in current produc tion, has been carried far toward com pletion. The worst of this hard ex perience is behind us. The American farmer can look forward hopefully and even confidently to a time when his will again be regarded as the most Independent and secure section of our population. He will reach the fortu nate cond tion sooner, if without de lay he will avail of the agencies arid instrumentalities that have been set up to help him better his position. FARMER NEEDS TO KNOW THE TRUTH. More than anything else, the farm er needs to know the truth about J himself and business. He needs to understand all the facilities that have been created, wherewith he can help himself. He needs to study them, and to learn to ut lize them, both as an Individual producer, and through co operative organizations in buying and marketing. The time has come when the great farmers’ organizations must be somehow linked together in grat er and more effective cooperations than have yet been known. Neither the government, nor the in stitutions or agricultural education, nor the benevolent purposes of society as a whole, can in the end do for the farmers the things that only the farmers can do for themselves. Ex perts and scientists may devise means to cheapen and Increase production. But there will be no cheaper nr great er production unless the millions of farmers shall employ these means. Masters of business organization may work out plans for orderly production and orderly marketing. But unless | the farmers will adopt these plans, they will produce no advantages. Every prospect seems to Indicate that we are starting out on a new era. Ttiere will be prosperty enough for all If we are willing to work for it and willing to remain on a sound basis. If we g ve way to selfish ness, If we try to secure what we do not work for. if we adopt unsound financial methods and begin to quar rel over the rewards of Industry, we can expect nothing but disaster and distress. I do not believe we are 1 headed In that direction, but we shall j be unless we beware, unless we are j wise enough to be guided by the ex perience of other peoples in past his tory. Every indication points to an advantageous position of American agriculture |n the coming future. Our country must not 1>« given up entirely to industrial development. It Unless you see the “Bayer Cross” on tablets you are not getting the genuine Bayer Aspirin proved safe by millions and prescribed by physicians 24 years for Colds Headache Pain Neuralgia Toothache Lumbago Neuritis Rheumatism Cv _ __ 1 / IV \dncli contains proven directions. C y Handy "Bayar* boxoa of 12 tablata ■ * Al»o bottlra of 24 and 100— Hrugnlata. '• U>> tr»4o mark ot n«>*« Manuforturo of MAMWIruUMM of •tllqrUncM « '• must seek a well rounded out, com plete, and Independent existence. A country without agriculture le shorn of half Its strength and necessarily vulnerable. The key to successful agriculture has always been Its flocks and herds. Therefore, from the forum which Is provided by this splendid exposi tion of the livestock branch of agriculture, I make my pledge and my appeal to the farmers of the nation. My pledge is that your gov ernment will do everything possible and proper for a government to do. to encourage and direct your striv ings toward the goal of prosperity, stability, and security. My appeal Is that farmers everywhere shall find way* In which to organize and as sociate themselves together In the determination to employ effectively every means of Improvement that has been placed at their disposal. JUDGMENT AGAINST SCHLAIFER, BOYLE Though neither Morrle Schlaifer, Omaha pugilist, nor his manager, Pat Boyle, appeared In Municipal Judge Patrick’s court Thursday to answer two suits by the Drive It Yourself company for automobile hire bills, both confessed judgment through attorneys. Schlalfer’s unpaid balance Is $432.49. Of this sum, $176.10 was immediately paid Into court by Man ager Franke of the Auditorium. It consisted of fight money due Schlai fer which had been garnisheed. Boyle's bill was $194.80. Waygide Country Club to Build New Clubhouse Columbus, Dec. 4.—Directors of Wayside Country club have Issued a call for the annual meeting of the club's membership Friday evening, December 12. The problem of the new clubhouse will be considered | and an early start will be made on the financing program In order that the building can be launched in the spring. Members of the board have found that the kind of the club house they want would cost complete between $12,000 and $13,000. Sale of bonds among the members Is pro posed as one of the means of financ ing the project. 200 Heng Lay 90 Epgg Daily at Goshen Experiment Farm Bridgeport. Dec. 4.—Two hundred hens at the Goshen county experiment farm, where they are being trap-nest ed to keep a record of production, have been laying an average of 90 eggs a day for three weeks. The farm Is marketing from $20 to $25 worth of eggs a week, and the flock has not yet started the heavy laying period. John Spargo'g Grandchild Injured in Auto Accident Franklin. Dec. 4.—Marvel Nlveon. 14. granddaughter of John Spargo. was seriously Injured In an automo bile accident a mile east of Blooming ton. A specialist was called from Omaha to attefid her. She suffered fractures of an arm and a shoulder and possibly Internal injuries. r-— 1 - .. ' - Court to Rule on Church Bequests Early Derision Exported in Suit to Break Will of John Eason. Randolph, Deo. 4.—Decision In sn important case which was tried in county court at Hartlngton, over wh oh Judge Wilbur F. Bryant pro Hided, and which has aroused a great deal of interest In Cedar county be cause of bequests to churches are in volved. will be given thii week. It Is l>elieved. Judge Bryant announced that he wished to read the testimony twice and consider the case carefully before giving the decls on. The oaHe Involved the question of the settlement of the estate of John Eason, a bachelor of Randolph, who died in September In the Salter hospi tal at Norfolk, leaving a will be queathing his property to several benef claries among which were the Methodist church of Randolph, to which he bequeathed $1,000; the Ran-, dolph Catholic church, $1,000; the Catholic parochial school, $500; snrt several Individuals to whom he left various sums of money. The suit to break the will was brought by How ard Houston, a nephew of Mr. Eason, living in Wisconsin, who alleged that his uncle, 78, was In a state of se tt lity and Incapable of making a will. Mr. Eason made Dr. Q. A. Kerley residuary legatee and executor of the estate and the will was witnessed by William Cain, a banker, and Lee Brenner, an undertaker of Randolph. About 24 witnesses were examined and much conflicting testimony was brought out, some saying that the old man was perfectly clear of mind and quite capable of taking care of his own affairs, and others testifying that be was incapable of deciding ques tions for himself. Attorneys for Mr. Houston were Michael J. Harrington. O'Neill; C. F Peasinger and Attorney Reader of Wisconsin, and those for the defendants were A. R. Davis. Wayne and P. F. O'Gara of Randolph. ‘Grandma* Gilkerson Funeral Services Held at Burchard Burchard, Dec. 4.—Funeral services were held for Mrs. Carl Gilkerson, generally known as "Grandma” Gil kerson, 82, former long time resident of Burchard and Wymore. Mrs. GiJ kerson died at Lincoln, where she had recently made her home, Decem ber 1 and the body was shipped here for burial. The family lived at Wy more in the early days. Consul Talbot Assists in Albion Membership Drive Albion, Neb., Dec. 4.—Head Consul A. R. Talbot of the Modern Wood men, assisted in the membership drive here. About 175 members of the order were present and the degrees were conferred on 17 candidates. District Deputies E. E, Koester and John Darnell were present. Albion camp Is one of the largest In the state, having over 400 members. __ * > Fireside Baskets j No. 3*05 $7.50 Sturdy willow-ware baskets in soft brown and gray. Heavy enough to be very serviceable and attractive enough to grace any fireside. Many styles from $7.50 up. Other wood holders in wrought iron and brass. Visit Our Display Rooms for Christmas Suggestions Sunderland Bros. Co. Sunderland Bldg. 15th and Harney Backache Don’t put up with it It's the stimulating effect that Sloan’s has on the circulation that makes it so wonderfully effective in relieving pain. Pat It on gently—without rubbing. It will not stain. Before you know it. your backache is gone. All druggists -86 cents. Sloa^Vs Liniment ■A T * *4 v >* Defective Elimination Constipation , Biliousness The action of Nature'* Remedy (Ml Tablets! i* more natural and thor* ouah. The effects will be a revela* tion you will feel ao food. Make the test. You ml) appreciate this difference* tW fw Over TXtrty Cmm Chip, off tho Old Block M» juniors—unie *■ Tb* sums Ml In oav-IMid o.*vsa I csr Jxviifj t«i rMMna sat iSstta I — SOLD IT YOUR DRUMS r tk-e W ant Ada Produce Result*