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About The Red Cloud chief. (Red Cloud, Webster Co., Neb.) 1873-1923 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 9, 1922)
iu -crtp - sskt J h . , RED CLOUD. NEBRASKA. CHIEF ,i! , j !' Elements Can Be Transmuted iDream of Scientists for a Thou sand Years Achieved by Dr. Rutherford. .FAR-REACHING POSSIBILITIES (Remarkable Result of Bombarding, Ni trogen Qas With the Alpha Rays of Radium May Supply Unlimited Power. New York. The transmutation of elements, tho dream of both chnrla tuns JiuJ scientists for nearly n thou Mini years, litis nctunlly boon accom plished by tin; recent work of Sir Krncst Itutherford, nnd Ills results nre generally accepted by scientists nnd .physicists, according to Dr. .Tamos .Kendall, associate professor of chem Jstry ut Coltimblu, who sold, on the 'other liund, that there was not the slightest reason to believe that thu 'Germans had accomplished their re 'ported font of making synthetic gold. Nitrogen, sodium, nluiuliiiiin, chlor ine, oxygen and carbon linvo been transmuted, or broken up by Iluthcr ford luto hydrogen and helium, ac cording to Dr. Kendall. This was first accomplished, accord ing to tho claims of Itutherford, by bombarding nitrogen gas with tho al pha rays of radium. These so-called rays nre helium atoms which arc filing out of the exploding radium atom with an energy Incomparably greater. than any projcctllo produced artificially. rTlio velocity of this atom would take It around tho world In slightly less than a second, nnd the power of the exploding atom, In proportion to size, is something like a million times greater than that of trinitrotoluol. Result of a Chemical Collision. j Tho radium was placed so ns to drive the alpha particles luto nitrogen gas. When the alphn particle had a head-on collision with n nitrogen ntom Jt tore It to pieces, bo It Is asserted. jThe ntom supposedly has n structure somewhat resembling 'tho Bolor sys tem. Its center Is n nucleus of posi tive electricity, resembling the sun of ,the solar system, nnd this Is surround jed by electrons, or charges of nega tive electricity, presumably whirling about the nucleus, as the planets whirl about the sun. , Tho alpha particle Is believed to produce such a disruption In the atom "ns might occur, for Instance, If an other star of the dimensions of the sun tore through our system, hit the Isun directly nnd drovo It off Into space, causing the planets to shoot off In nil directions. This occurs on n scnlo In tho neigh borhood of the billionth part of a billionth of nu Inch, but It can be .partly measured. Tho alpha particles thrown off by radium produce scin tillations when they strlko n screen of zinc sulphide within n certain distance. When they wcro used to bombard ni trogen scintillations took place at greater distances from the radium than the alpha partlclo could alone produce. Uy hlo study of these scintillations Dr. Itutherford wns nblo to provo to tho rntlsfuctlon of men of science gen erally thnt new products wero devel oped by the shattering of tho nitro gen atoms m:d that these products wero hydrogen nnd helium atoms. Ills experiments have all been In the wny of disorganizing tho more complex atoms Into simpler oneH. Tho trans mutation of atoms with slmplo struc tures Into those with moro complex ones has not been achieved. Dr. Kendall on Rutherford. "Uutherford has reduced nitrogen, aluminum, chlorine nnd sodium to by 'drogen nnd helium," said Dr. Ken dull, "lie has also produced helium atoms by tearing oxygen and carbon to pieces, but hydrogen has not re Wireless Phones Chlcagonns who resldo In tho suburbs mny soon Hud their truhis equipped with tho wireless tclcphono so thnt they can talk with their homes whllo going to or coming from the city, and can even enjoy graml opera In tho evening. Tho system wns tried out recently, und the photograph slwws n passenger using ,4tho radio phono ou a ar. sulted, I believe, from the disruption of these ntoms. "This Is certainly tho transmutation of elements, but It Is done on nn In finitely small scale, nnd Is Important at present only to tho scientific mnn. It does not promlso thnt elements can bo chnnged from one typo to nnothcr, except on the smallest lnborntory scale. It does not suggest that the transmutation of inelals mny be de veloped from It." Tho posslblo far-reaching results of Ituthcrford's discovery wero discussed as follows by Professor O. W. Illch nrdson In his recent picsldentlnl ad dress to the Section of Mnthemntlcs and 1'hyslcs of the British association: "Itutherford has taken tho direct method of bombarding tho nuclei of the different ntoms with the equally minute high-velocity helium nuclei (alpha particles) given off by radlo actlvo substances, and examining tho t lacks of iiny other particles which may he generated as n result of the Impact. The amounts of energy which hnvo been thus far released by artificial disintegration of tho nuclei nre them selves smalt, but they are enormous In comparison with tho mluuto amount of matter affected. "If these effects can be sufficiently Intensified there appears to bo two possibilities. Kltlier they will prove uncontrollable, which would presum ably spell tho end of all things, or they will not. If they enn bo both In- Learns Secret of Arrow Heads Illinois Man Gets Credit as Only Man Who Knows How to Make Them. INDIAN CHIEFS IPSE TRICK Many of Them Confess Their Igno rance of Just How to Make Arrow Heads Are Identified by Tribal Marks. Springfield. Making of Indlnn ar row heads bus been reduced to Its first principles here by Herbert Wells Fay, custodian of tho Lincoln monu ment, who has gulncd the distinction, which It is said until now turn been undisputed, of being the only white mnn to make real urrow heuds. Indians are among the foremost In crediting Mr. Fay with this ability. Drawn to tho last resting plnce of Abraham Lincoln, vnrlous present-day Indlun chiefs havo openly confessed their Ignorance of "Just how" to muke urrow heuds, und then have voiced their surprise at tho excellent work manship of the white mnn. Finding that his urrows havo been taken for tho work of real Indluns, Mr. Fay no longer makes arrows of Hint, but to prevent fraud uses only gluss. Worked Near Dekalb. Ills study of nrrow heads was gained largely near his former home at Dekalb, In which vicinity, ho snld, tliero had been seven Indlnn camps. Mr. Fay takes Issue with other au thorities who say arrow heads may bo Identified by their shnpo as tho work of n particular tribe. Years of study nnd the actual making of arrows provo otherwise, Mr. Fay declares. Ills conclusions ns to nrrow-maklng nre outlined as follows: "Indians first tried stones thnt break with a con choldnl fracturu (like the Inside of u for Commuters ITALY'S WARM FRIEND Mrs. John A. Drake of Now York, recently received a letter from Popo Benedict XV In which bis holiness bestowed upon her his npostollc bless. Ing for the work which sho has dona' us head of tho Amcrlcnn Free Mlllc and Relief for Italy, Inc. Sho Is wear ing the many medals bestowed upon her In Italy. tcnslflcd and controlled, then wo shall linvo at our disposal an almost Illim itable supply of power which will en tirely transcend anything hitherto known." spoon). They found thnt tho deeper tho break ut tho top of tho flat-sur-i faced stono tho longer would be tho break In tho stone, but It would bo correspondingly wide. They wished, however, u long, narrow piece as mora, suitable for nn arrow head. "They then found thnt by breaking! the stono nt a corner they could pro duce eucIi a 'fluke' (raw nrrow head) one, two, or even five times Its width,' according to the skill of tho artisan. Such uu arrow head always has n ridge on one sldo und the other side smooth. Tho rldgo Is tho corner of the stono from which tho flako was broken. "Next, tho Indian found that la fin-. Ishing tho nrrow head, if the stono breaks caster from ono direction on the top, It would break Just as easily, from the other on tho bottom. This gnvo rise to the belief that arrow heads wero made to revolve. Such was not tho Intention of nrrow makers, on tho sumo natural peculiarity appears In spear heads, which are too hcuvy, to revolve, as spears were seldom ex pected to go more than a few times their length. "These principles being truo of all stone used by tho Indians, It Is nn evi dent Impossibility for any collector to tell what tribe mado certain arrow or spear heads. Tho width, depth and, thickness, determined by the depth of the fracture of tho stone, determine tho shape and appearance of the fin ished product." Chert Center 'In Illinois. Most of tho nrrow heads of th north Mississippi vnlley, Mr. Fny said, wero mado of chert, a chalky flinti tnken from tho quarries In Union county, Illinois, near Cairo. The bluffs at that placo along tho Mississippi river show outcropplngs of this chert and prolific evidences of tho activity of Indians, who went there from 'all parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Wisconsin, ho added. "Less than 1 per cent of tho arrow heads found In this wide territory," Mr. Fay continued, "seem to hnve been made from local stone. Tho Union county quarries have been determined as thu principal sourco because arrows found throughout thnt region corre sponded exactly to tho quality of tho Union county stone. It Is not known whether expert flake' makers held, the quarries In Union county and dis tributed material to tribes as they cumo down, or whether each tribe hnd its-flake makers and visited tho quar ries periodically. Implements used by Indians In mak ing urrow bends, according to Mr. Fay, wero made with ono tool, n pleco of bono somewhat like tho luuullo of n toothbrush. WILL BAN GRADE CROSSINGS United States Will Construct Bridges or Underpasses on Federal Highways. Washington. Urado crossings will bo eliminated wherever posslblo nnd replaced with bridges .or underpasses on nil roads of tho federal aid high way system to bo constructed under the federal highway net, tho bureau of public roads of the Department of Agriculture announces. Important roads, many of which nt present cross and recros3 railroads nt grades, hereafter will bo built cutirely on ono sldo of tho railroad. In thu three years ending with 1020, according to records available to tho burenu, 3,030 lives wero lost and 10,014 persons wero Injured nt grudo crossings In tho United States. ; MJBKrr9'?9WsB?fit "SBBBBBbEbbBBBBBBBBBBBvQbbBBBBBBBBBBBBByvCv'i 9BBBBBBBTSBBBBBBBBBBBSQBSSBBBBBBBBBBfY4LR 1 . SBiiSiBiiiiiiiMQBiW'iBiiiiiiVLtS i pDBBftSBBBBBJKLSB 1 -'BsYsilllVy ffllltBlllllllnTlSlSJ siiBLnftfWfc- iX7FHH9JiiH i tRBBBBSBBBBBdStr?sY'VfCnnLl!lF3BnBnH -&2iBaiBSSvHBfcSwflBBilKjjH3 w SSBSSSSvjK.iBSSSSBtfjSSSSSSSStdHiS?1 LJllllimfLLlHB LiiVtV&iM CORKIER ITEMS News of All Kinds Gathered From Various Points Throughout Nebraska. The supremo court decided that tho ,clty of Nebraska City Is entitled to the exclusive use of its -IGiicre park, the Nebraska City Speed and Fair associ ation being ousted therefrom by the terms of the opinion. The city through Its officials, In 100S leased thirty acres In (Miisldcrnllon of the latter construct ing and maintaining u race track. The association was to havo exclusive con trol of the grounds during the meets and tho fairs. Some time ago the city brought suit to regain possession of the ground, alleging t'mt the contract was Illegal and one which could not be lawfully entered Into by the muni cipality. The defendant claimed that the 'Ity was estopped from challeng ing the validity of Its own contract but tho rourl finds other-wise. The high bench says the city had no right to grant concessions In a public park with out reserving to Its officers supervision over the same. A census of nil ex-r-vrvlce men in tho slate, with n view to ascertaining the. number of disabled nnd unem ployed veterans nnd then procuring' u!d for one und Jobs for the other, will be undertaken by the Nebraska department of the American Legion between February 12 and 22. An nouncement wns made by State Com mander "Bill" Itltchle, nt n meeting of post offices. The census will he made through local posts. Tho period between February 12 to "22 has been designated by the legion as "Re spect the Flag" week, and Commander Itltchle announced thnt every post would bo asked to secure co-operation of schools nnd patriotic organizations to thnt end. The city of Aurora secured an In junction In district court to prevent tho Public Service compuny from chnrglng nnd collecting for electricity according to Us present rates were only allowed temporarily, during the peak of high prices. The injunction suit asks for n return to tho regular rates pro vided by ordinance. Tho city also asks for on accounting to determine the net profits of the compnny. The franchise of tho electric light compnny provides thnt f0 per cent of net profits nbovo 10 per cent on invested capital shall be paid to the city. Falls City defeated the city manager ship system by n vote of G03 to 210. About half of tho normal city vote was cast. Every ward showed n- majority against the proposal. A spirited but short camgpalgn wns waged for tho change but ns tho result Indicates the voters who expressed themselves did not feel pursunded to adopt tho new system nt this time. A large coyote hunt was staged south of Lexington in which 1,000 men part icipated, forming a circle around thirty-two sections. When they gath ered Into the small round-up ring there wero twelve coyotes nnd thousands of rabbits. A barbecue wns held :.fter tho roun.'.-up. Everybody went nwny full of rabbit. Confident that tho Central City sec tion presents good opportunities for small tract farming, Mnrtln A. Larson has offered $.r00 in prizes to tho men tnnklng the best records In raising enrly potatoes In 1022 on five and ten acre tracts within two miles of town. Walter O. Mai ley, nllas Irish, alleged to bo ono of tho men who robbed the State bank of Panama, III., of $20,000 December 21, Inst, hns been arrested at Bellcvue. Governor McKclvIe Issued nn extradition) warrant to nn officer from Illinois who left for llellevue. Herbert L. Cashing of Ord, former county supcrindent, hns been elected superintendent of schools to succeed E. M. Hosmnn, selected ns sccrotury of the state teacher'; association. .lncob Bocslgcr, 80, was so badly crushed by n tree, which ho felled at his farm near Cortland, that he died nt u hospital In Lincoln. He hud been n resident nf Cage county since 1870. Carl Jamison of Fremont, 30, narrow Jy escaped death when ho swallowed u quantity nf poison mistaking It for medicine. Neighbors were nwakencd by Ids cries for help. W. S. Powers, who curried messages for the union nrmy to Genera! Phillip Sheridan In the battle of Winchester during tho civil war, Is dend at his homo nt Ilulox. The Wells-Abbot- Nieumn Mill of Schuyler, with u branch elevator at Itogers, has been purchased from the creditors by soino Schuyler people for the sum of $337,000. Tho farm houso of S. It. Ayers, lo cated east of Illuo Springs, was de stroyed by fire, with moht of Its. con tents. Tho loss of 1,000 wns partially covered by Insurance, The electric transmission lino from North Platte, to Paxton has been com pleted and twenty-four hour service Is now being furnished tho villages of Ilorshey, Sutherland and Paxton. O. P. Fulton of Beatrice, who wns In jured soino weeks ago when his auto collided with n car dtlven by Clarenco Itmldel;, has filed suit for ?l,r00 .dam ages against Gage county. Frank 11. Knapp, of Fremont, former president of tho Fidelity Trust com pany, convicted of embezzlement was sentenced to tho statu penitentiary for !rom three to flvo years. Attorneys for h defense Immediately gave notice of ippc.il, when their motion for now trlnl ,vns overruled. Honda placed at .f0,000 pending tho fight In supreme court, were furnished by friends. Deprived or tclcphono connectoil with tho outside world since the first of January, tho business men of Stnp leton nnd a number of the pntrons of the now delinquent Trl-County Tele phono exchange held a meeting nnd organized a now company. Supplies wero rushed from Kearney nnd work stinted one morning und hy night work had gone along so smoothly that tho three workmen from Arnold were ut most ready to connect up with the farm lines. It Is expected that no attempt will be mado to Install phone In tho residence for some time r.3 thoso In charge are In communication with ov oral who may be induced to come In and start u llrst-class system. A peti tion was also circulated r.nd .sent to thu state railway commission asking tlnm to take steps to disfranchise the Trl County Telephone company. Pandits picked out the wrong man for n victim when they tried to sepa rate Mlroslny Marek, ono of the young est veterans of the late world war, from Ids money at the point of n gun. Marek, who fought with the Czecho slovak army at the age of 12, and is now it student In the suite university nt Lincoln, calmly refused to obey the command of two stickup artists, and they fled without attempting to harm him after studying his determined face. General headquarters, of the Nye-Schnelder-Jenks Grain corporation will be removed from Fremont to Omaha March 4 next, according to Informa tion given out by Fremont olllclals. The organization, which Is one of tho . lnrgest of Its kind In thu world, was organized. In 1S87 and controls nt pres ent from tho local offices alone 100 grain elevators In Nebraska and sur rounding .states. Six valuable blooded brood sows were stolen from Nels K. Nelson, a farmer living northwest of Newman Grove while he wns in Omaha. Tho hogs "wore driven across the pasture, their tracks showed, to a corner of the fence, whero they wero loaded In wagons. Bloodhounds from Fremont arc here trying to truck the thieves. Robbers made a clean sweep of dental ofilccs nt Norfolk, netting about $1,000 In cash nnd gold. Several safes were broken open. Tho offices wero located In four separate buildings, tho entrances of which were conspicuously marked with chnlk crosses, Indicating preliminary plans of what police say was an organized band. Shclton hns organized nn Indoor bnscball association and has eight teams In the league. The games nro staged In the hall of the American legion headquarters and the players are business men, professional men, high school students nnd boys. More than 100 men, young men and boys havo Joined the association. D. D. Howe, Fremont has been elect ed president of the Nebraska Building nnd Loan to relieve T. L. Matthews, who retires from active service as the head of tho organization nftcr thirty years. The new president Joined tho organization about twenty yenrs ngo, taking tho Job of Janitor, clerk nnd stenographer. William Stolicr, 00, of near Norfolk, lost In the terrific snow storm for seven hours, was found by n search ing party after ho had crossed tho North Fork river In search of hU home. Ills hands were frozen nnd ho is In a serious condition. The county campaign, for Near East relief has resulted in three car loads of corn contributed to the cause by citizens of Nuckolle county. Local com mittees have been named in each town in the .county and the .soliciting will be continued. William Itltze, 2.', fanner, of Wayne, drove bis automobile to West Point, on November 0 last. He left bis cur In a garago In West Point and has not been seen or heard from since. Ills father, Richard Rltze, will pay $100 for Infor mation as to his whereabouts. Bryan Horry, VI, of Lincoln, died from Injuries received when ho was run pver by a coal wagon. Ills face was crushed nnd he suffered Internal In juries. Paving bonds of the Village of Chirks havo' been sold aud the work on the paving will tip "commenced as soon ns weather will iermlt. A four-inch vein of coal was' dl. covered on a farm east of Butte. It Is not known If the fuel Is present In paying quantity. Dunbar, Is enjoying electric lights with current furnished by tin Neb raska City water and light company. A largo stock pavilion In which sales of thoroughbred stock will bo held, Is hclng erected at Mlndenu Last year's auto licenses will pro voke, arrests in Jefferson county. County olllclals have decreed Unit plenty of tlmo hns elapsed for equip ping .machines with new numbers. There nro !l,200 cars In the county; 2,000 have new licenses. Lvlo Johnson. 12. of Lincoln, hud n narrow escape from death when a piece of butterscotch candy became lodged In his throat wh.io ho was at tending a movie. City Physician W. II. Slnttery extracted the candy Just In time to save tho lad from choking to dentil Closing of the Farmers' State bank nt Bayard, by the state department of trade and commerce Vns nece.-sltnled directly by shrinkage of deposits from $225,000 to S1MMHH) In less than n. month, Secretary J..E. Il.ut announced Examiner O, S. Eastman Is now In Nebraska's proposed new state cap Hot caw bo built for l per cent less than 1015 costs, Stato Engineer John son reported at u meeting of thu cap Itol commission with n houso commit tee. Committee Is considering whether It will bo expedient to delay J building. -, LAND GROWS RICH Wonderful Development of Can ada in Forty Years. Four Decades Ago Little Considered, Today One of the Greatest Gran- arles and Dairying Centers. The recent announcement that the sale of the first section of Cana dian Pacific land wns sold forty years ago, and when you read that tho Ilr.st carload of wheat was shipped from Winnipeg forty years ago, tho changes that have taken place since then are mutters of reminiscence, hut yet of Interest. What forty years ago was an unknown quantity, barren he cause but little production was at tempted, Is today one of the greatest granaries In the world. Then there was scarcely any farm llo stock In thu West. Dairying was not engaged in ut all. Today there are 0,OJ)8,:tl7 farm animals on the prairies, of which 831,800 arc milch cows; and dairying Is only second In importance to gruln growing, In the West. Forty years ngo the shipment of one carload of grain was u notable ex ploit. Today, Canada ranks as the second lnrgest wheat-producing country In the world, with .'120,1 85,300 bushels, IH) per cent of which was grown In the threo prairie provinces, of which the pro vince of Saskatchewan produced moro than half. The Dominion Is today the second largest prqducer of onts, with 530.710,000 bushels, of which GO per cent was grown between Winnipeg and the Rocky mountains; and the fifth largest producer of hurley with 03,311, 000 bushels, of which the prairies, yielded 03 per cent. Forty years ago scarcely any of the rich soil had been brought under cul tivation. The farm machinery of the tlme wus crude; there were no com petent advisers; government experi mental farms were a blessing that came years luter. Yet these hardy pioneers stuck It out, and In forty years numbers of them are enjoying their declining duys. in the communities they wrested from the wilderness, prosperous, contented with their children's families gathered, about them or seeking their own for tunes still further westward or north ward. They have seen civilization Itep In to the West and the wilderness hvept out. Today are thriving cities and towns where bleaching butVnlo bones marked the ox trulls of forty years ago. Today are mighty freight trains, each with Its thousand-ton car go of wheat or merchandise, roaring' down the toads where the old carts creaked. Today nre schools within walking distance of every farmhouse, churches within driving distance of every home. Today arc telephone and every modern convenience Unking communities over vast distances by th common bond of the spoken word. Forty years ago the Rockies wer practically an impenetrable barrier, the Pacific coast being reached frot the oust' by ships sailing round Cnpe llorn. The province of Manitoba had a population of 02,200, compared with 013,008 In 1021. Winnipeg was thea a frontier town with 7,087 people, and Brandon, which wns regarded us a fur-llung outpost of the West, boasted of a few hundred In population. Im. 1801 It only hud 3.77S. Such pluces ns Calgury nnd Edmonton were mero trading posts In the Northwest terri tories. BulTalo roamed the prairie in their native state. Today on these plains nre to bo seen herds of cattle, bands of horses anil droves of sheet), from any of which can easily ho selected stock that can carry oft premiums, sweep stakes aud championships In compe tition with the best In any other part of the world. Advertisement. All He Asked. Old Crusty You usk for my daugh ter? Why, young man, at your pres ent salary you could not even dress her. Suitor Oh, yes, sir I I could keop her In gloves. Old Crusty Gloves! Do you mean to Insinuate that my daughter would wear only gloves? Suitor Pardon me, sir; I asked only for her hand. DYED HER BABY'S COAT, A SKIRT AND CURTAINS WITH "DIAMOND DYES" Each package of "Diamond Dyc" con tains directions bo pimple any woman can dye or tint her old, worn, faded things new. Even if eho has never dyed before, she can put a new, rich color into shabby ftldrts, dresses, waists, coats, stocking?, sweater, coverinRH, draperies, hanging, everything. Buy Diamond DycH no other kind then perfect homo dyeing ia guai unteed. Just tell your dtuiujUt whether tho material you wish to dye la wool or eilk, or whether it is linen, cotton, or mixed cood?. Diamond Dyea never etrcak, ipot, fade or run. adveitiFcmunt. Naturally. "What did Mrs. Horner say after her mald-of-all-wdrk departed?" "Help! Help !" Wayside Tales. Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle of OASTORIA. thnt famous old remedv for Infants und children, anil see that It Hcnrs tho C&0M&e Signature In Ueo for Over 80 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria How Now7 Following tho birth notices In a paper there - Is n lino: "Our Ads Bring Itesults'." Exchange. I ik Ml v 7SS8Bmmwww7mmmrcz 'aw t - .. .h. .. i.J ...;. ,. Ult AM MUlK.lktt)Ttf HkKlilCJH.I wnwwep,, iXZ. tmaMWlwA fiiKlS5KiB!s
