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J 1 CAPTAIN SCOn
- TELLS HIS STOflY
Tho English Antartic Explorer Had
Trying Experiences.
DARING WINTER OPERATIONS
Amundsen's Rivals In Race to South
Pole Had Several Miraculous
Escapes Thrilling Narrative
by Noted British Officer.
SPECIAL NOTICE: Cap t.l Robert F.
Bcott'8 nurrutlvo of Ills explorations in
tho antartlo tmbllalied below wan Ih
sued by tho Now York Tlmci compnny
rb a book, duly entered for copyright
snd publicly nxposed for unle, tho amo
bdnK Its first publkutlon anywhere In
the world. Its reproduction In this
newspaper is of courso duly nuthorlzed.
Its reproduction elsenhcro in tho Unltod
States In any form excopt by permission
from tho Now York Times company is
forbidden.
Copyrlsht 1912 by the New York Times
company, (all rights roscrved). Copy
righted in tho United KlnRdom by th
Central News, Limited., London. Reg
istered in tho Department of Agricul
ture. Cop right Branch. Dominion of
Cannda, by tho Central News Limited,
London.
Special Cablo to The New York Times,
Aknroa, New Zealand, Tuesday,
April 2. Lieut. Pennell, commander
of tho Terra Nova, of the British
antarctic expedition of 1910, which
arrived hero yesterday, brought with
him a long and Intensely Interesting
account of tho work and experiences
of tho expedition up to January third
last, written expressly for the Now
York Times by Capt. Robert F. Scott,
tho leader of tho oxpedltlon. Capt.
Ecott's Btory la as follows:
By Robert F. Scott.
Macmurdo Sound, Oct. 30, 1911.
Shortly after tho departure of tho
Dopot-Lnying party from Capo Evans
on January 25, 1911, tho sea Ice broke
at South Copo and severed communi
cations with tho ship. Tho Depot
party consisting of 12 men, eight
ponies and two dog teams occupied
till January .10 In establishing a baso
camp at tho Uarrlor ueven mllos east,
southeast of Hut Point, Owing to the
heavy weights to bo trauspoitod tho
main part of tho supplies woro left at
thlB camp. Tho party proceeded with
elnglo loads east, southeast, 27 miles
to a spot named Cornor Cnmp, before
turning south to avoid tho crovatscs
of White, Island. Tho anow surfaco
proved very soft, making torrlbly hard
work for tho ponies. A three days
hoavy blizzard at Comer Camp wib a
further severe trial to tho animals,
which wero not in good condition,
( On February 8th, we proceeded
south, marching by night and resting
by day. Tho weather was exception
ally bad but tho surfaco Improved.
Tho three' weakest ponies woro Bent
bock, but these unfortunately were
caught in another bad blizzard and
two succumbed. With tho remaining
ponies and tho dogs wo reached lati
tude 70 degrees on tho 16th, when
I decided owing to the condition of
, the wo?tber and the animals to make
a depot hero and return. Wo left
in'oro than n ton of stores at this point
which wo named Ono Ton Camp and
which should bo a great holp to us
thin season. Wo then returned to our
Flaso Camp with dog toamB.
At Baso camp I found every sin
gle pony well, and visiting Hut Point
I received newB of tho Terra Nova
and Fram. On February 24, with nion
on skis, and a slnglo pony, I started to
tako nioro stores to Corner camp. On
tho outward journey wo passed re
turning points going well. Returning
from Cornor camp, I was hold up by a
blizzard on tho 27th but reached Dase
camp on tho 28th, I found tho storm
had been phenomenal at this place,
raging for threo' days and causing
enormous accumulation of snow
drifts. Shifts of wind had baffled all
efforts to shelter the ponies with snow
walls and the animals had Buffered
very badly, so I decided to retire to
Hut Point without delay.
Wilson and Mears, driving dog
teams, reached Hut Point in safety.
Oatcs, Crcan and I remained to try
and savo ono pony which had boon
badly hit by the blizzard, whilst
Bowers, Cherry Garrard and Crean,
with the four best ponies, set out to
follow the dogs. Nearlng Hut Point
they found badly working cracks in
tho sea ice, and hastily turned and
marched four miles south.
A Close Call.
There at 2 a. m., on March 1, tho
tired condition of the ponies obliged
tho party to camp at 4:30. Bowers,
awakened by a noise, found tho Ice
broken all around tho camp, and mov
ing with the heavy swell. Ono pony
had disappeared from the picketing
line and was not seen again. Hastily
packing their sledgeB, the party decid
ed to try and work southwest over
the packed ice. With Infinite diffi
culty tho sledges were dragged, the
ponies jumping from floe to floe to
ward tho barrier. About noon the
party nearcd the barrier but found
Its ice wall uncllmbable and the swell
churning and breaklnng heavy floes
against It. In this dolcmma Crean
was allowed to attempt to obtain
help. Ho traveled east over tho mov
ing pack to find a break In the lco
wall nnd eventually hoisted himself
to the bnrrier surface by wedging his
ski stick In a crack. '
Ignorant of these events, after
falling to savo our sick pony, my
own party had reached tho barrier
where the Ice, breaking undor foot,
forced us to retreat hurriedly with the
gruvest anxiety for our companions.
.My fears wore confirmed when Wil
son who had traveled out over land
reported having seen with glasses
ponies adrift on sea Ice. An hour
later Crean was seen npproachlng,
and lenmlng his news, OateB, Croan
and 1 set off Immediately to tho west.
Working around tho bay we approach
ed tho barrier odgo and at C p. m.,
oy good fortune, discovered tho miss
ing ptrty on a pack which hnd been
drifting slowly northwest and had tem
porarily stopped owing to the swell
subsiding.
With Alpine ropes the men were
rescued with dlfllculty. Working on
through tho night wo succeeded In
salving tho Bledges nnd their loads,
but could do nothing for tho ponies
which woro only thirty yards away.
At 4 a. m. tho pack began to move
again. Wo left the ponies with full
noso bags and rested till 8 n. m.
when tho pack was again stationery.
-
Wo marched north, found tho ponies,
and made despcrato efforts to save
them. Bowers and Oatcs risked a
long detour over tho pack and led the
animals ocr many jumps whilo tho
remainder of us dug a trench to the
lower part of the barrier. Tho edges
of tho floes were high above water and
very uneven. Killer whales hung
about within a fow yards. The ponies
falling nt the jump were Irrotrlovably
lost. Ono pony only won through.
Tho pack was moving again as wo
left it and drifted clear to the north.
More Ponies Lost.
On March 4 we ascended hills east
of Castle Rock, and on tho fifth the
party with tho two remaining ponies
and tho dog teams was safely housed
at Hut Point. By this Incident wo
lost threo of our strongest ponies.
This was a severe blow to the expe
dition, but not enough to wreck its
plans If the remaining animals could
bo preserved. Tho heavy swell
which caused this disaster broke
more than ten miles of sea ice, large
fragments from the barrier, and two
mllos of glacier tongue a feature
which had remained otherwise un
changed s'.nco discovery, in 1902. Tho
Hut was found almost completely fill
ed with hard Bnow, tho wlndowB
broken and the door unhinged. With
much labor we cleared and repaired
It. It then afforded good shelter.
While forced to wait for tho sea
breezo to blow over we settled down
to a very primitive life.
Preparing For the Winter.
On March 17 Lieutenant Evans led
a party to Corner Camp, completing
the depot arrangements for the com
ing season. The temperature at the
barrier had already fallen to minus
40 degrees. Throughout the month
Ice continually formed over the sea
but the strong winds quickly drove It
out After March 25 the ice remain
ed fast In tho sheltered bays but
continued to drive out of the sound.
Hugo land ice falls on the southwest
slopos of Mount Erebus prevented any
possibility of returning to Capo Evans
by Innd, but with the freezing of tho
bays I decided to make an attempt
to reach tho station, partly by land
and partly by sea ice. With eight
companions I started, on April 11, and
although caught by a storm on sea
lco, wo reached Capo Evans early on
the 13th. We found tho station,
which had beon left In Simpson's
charge, in excouent order, ana ar
rangements for comfort remarkably
perfect. Numerous self-recording in
struments were in full swing, and all
records complete to date, All the
news wns good excopt tho loss of one
of the nlno lcmalnlng ponies and ono
dog. During our absence there hnd
boon much wind, tho mean velocity
for two months being twenty-four
miles per hour. For 19 porccnt of tho
whole tlmo tho wind had been over
galo In strength. All observations
pointed to an exceptionally severo
season.
On April 17 I returned to Hut Point
with a fresh sledgo party carrying
supplies and stores. As It was im
possible for animals to travel on tho
route taken, I loft Meares and five
others in chargo of those at Hut Point
and again returned to Cape Evans on
April 30. Sea lco continued to drlvo
out of sounds until tho first week In
May. It was not until May 13, three
weeks after tho Run had gone that
tho men and animals left Hut Point
nnd safely lotutued io tho main sta
- - i.iJ.. r- . -".J-ii i-Biii iiMi
tion. Tho sound froze solid in Mny
and latctf In winter packed Ice ex
tended to an unprecedented distance
northward, despite numerous gales.
After the return from the absentees
we settled down very comfortably
In our winter hut, Hb arrangements
for lighting, heating, cooking and
ventilation proved eminently satisfac
tory, A comfortable stablo had been
built for the ponies and some shelter
Improvised for tho dogs during the
four winter months. The temperature
at tho station was rarely below,
mlniiB, 40 degrees, at lowest minus
CO degrees. Tho wind averaged 15
miles nn hour, but sometimes blow
hard with the ternpornturo minim 30
degrees. Everyone was very fully
occupied with station and scientific
work, exorcising animals, etc. A
scries of lectin oh wan organized and
football was plajed io within a month
of mid-winter.
Frequent vIsUb woro made to Cape
Royds and Hut Point. Tho animals
steadily Improved In condition. On
Juno 27th, mlddlo winter, Wilson,
Bowers, Cherry and Gerrard Btnrted
on n Blcdgo Journoy to Capo Crolor,
to obscrvo tho Incubation of Emperor
Penguins at their rookery. Very heavy
Burfnco on tho barrier forced the
party to rolny work during tho main
part nnd a fortnight wob taken on tho
outward Journey. Tho tempcraturo
was Boiuom nbovo minus 60 degrees
and often minus 70 degrees, tho low
est observed with a sling thermometer
being mlmiB 77 degrees.
Behind a land'rldgo on the slopes of
Mount Terror, tho party spent three
days building n stone hut on which
they roofod with canvas from this
camp. Tho men had great dlfllculty
In crossing tho huge barrier pressuro
ridges In tho dim noon twilight to
reach tho rookery. They were sue
cescful nt n second attempt. They
found comparatively fow birds nt tho
rookery, but theso had begun to lay
even nt this enrly dato. Fortunntely
sonio eggB at different stages of de
velopment woro secured which should
glvo considerable Information con
cerning tho embryology of this Inter
esting bird. Tho same night a violent
galo commenced and the ridge proved
Inadequate shelter from tho hurri
cane gusts which whirled down on
tho hut. A tent nnd other carefully
secured articles were blown away, and
after straining for 14 hours tho roof
of tho hut flow to ribbons. For 30
hours moro tho travelers were con
fined In tholr frozen Bleeping beds
half burled beneath Bnow and lock
debris. Forty-eight hours elapsed bo
fore tho wind decreased and they
were nblo to got a meal. Searching
for lost articles they wero fortunate
In finding tho mlsBlng tent among
some moralnlc boulders, practically
uninjured.
Tho Btato of their equipment now
forced them to turn homeward, on
tho roturn journey they were held for
two days by another storm after
which tho ternpornturo fell and ro
mnincd below minus GO degrees. The
party returned after five days absence
Incased in lco nnd suffering from
want of sloop but otherwise well.
On September first Meares and
MImlntrl, with dog, teams made their
headquarters at Hut Point tho dogs
leaving for that depot in splendid
form. At Intervals since our arrival,
howover, some obscure disease has
robbed us of four excellent dogs. In
every case the dog attacked appeared
vigorously healthy, but died In a few
hours. It is thought the cause must
bo somo mlnuto thread worm enter
ing the brain.
First Antarctic Telephone Line.
At the end of tho month telephone
communication was established with
Hut Point through 15 miles of bare
wire. This telephone has already
proved extremely useful for reporting
the movement of parties, pending
changes of wea'ther.
With Bowers, Simpson and Petty
Officer Evans, I traveled west on
September 15, Ascending Ferrar
Glacier, we found by stakes planted
by Wright that the ice stream had
moved 30 feet in seven months.
Later, 45 miles northwest of our sta
tion, wo found part of the glacier
tongue broken in March with the for
age depot left by Campbell intact.
Owing to work at the station and the
need of increasing exercise for the
ponies we have been unable to under
take further spring journeys.
Start Delayed to Cave Ponies.
All plans and preparations for the
southern journey are now complete
and desplto the accident of last sea
son wo have great hope of success.
The necessity of getting the utmost
out of our remaining ponies has de
cldedtme not to expose them to great
cold. We shall therefore start later
than ordinarily intended,
The motor sledgo party consisting
of Lieut. Evans, Baq, Lashley nnd
Hooper, started five dayB ago, with
two motor sledges dragging fuel and
forngo. Tho motors experienced un
expected dlfllculty on sea lco whoro
It wns very thinly covered with Bnow,
but wero last seen going well on the
surface of tho bnrrier beyond the
Bubo Camp of last season. They have
therefore, placed tho possibilities of
motor traction beyond question.
The pony party consisting of my
self with Wilson, Oates, Bowers,
Chorry, Garrard, Atkinson, Wright,
Evans, Croan and Koohane, will start
about November first. Independently
of the success of the motors, ponies
will bo worked with light loads, in
easy marches to Corner Camp with
full loads and easy marches to One
Ton Cnmp and with such pressuro aB
noccssary thoroaftor. Dog teams
starting will rejoin us nt Ono Ton
Camp nnd help to ndvanco loads. By
theso menns we hope to got .10 units
of food to tho foot of Ifcardmore
glacier, n unit being n wcoK'b pro
UM-TiK.arMriittirTSMMMlsMMBsMB
vision for four men. Then with three
divisions of four men and 21 units of
provisions, I hope to extend the ad
vance to the required distance if the
weather conditions aro not wholly un
favorable. Of tho ten remaining ponies one is
unreliable and ono doubtful, the re
mainder being In very flno form. Of
ficers and men aro In splendid health,
nnd engcr to go forward. TJwlng to
my decision to postpono thcro Is nn
obvious chnnco that tho most ad
vanced southerly party will bo unable
to catch tho Terra Nova before sho Is
forced to quit tho sound. Under theso
conditions, having regard to Impoitant
scientific work done and lacllltlcs
offered for furthor work, I have de
cided to maintain tho station for a
second year. Tho majority of the
shore party w;ill probably remain but
dctnlls depend upon tho dato of our
returning from our Journey on home
news, nnd the extent of fresh trans
port provided. I shall greatly regret
tho departure of any member, ns wo
havo lived In the happiest social ac
cord. Pouting probably returns with
n largo batch of photograph rmiterinl
to which n second year might add lit
tlo of Importance Owing to Pontlng,
the photographic results of tho expedi
tion are n most rcmnrknblo series of
cinematographic pictures, giving a
comprehensive record of our polar
life. Tho plans arranged for tho
scientific work of the expedition have
succeeded bo far nlmost in their en
tirety.
November 24, latitude 81.15 S Wo
left Hut Point on tho evo of Novem
ber 2, having decided to march by
night and, rest during tho day to give
tho ponies tho benefit of warm day
temperatures. Wo reached Corner
Camp thlB morning. Traveling iouth
for CO miles wo followed the tracits
of the motors, then wo found the ma
chines abandoned. The party had
proceeded onward as directed, weo
delayed by a blizzard on the elgnth,
but reached Ono Ton Cnmp on tho
morning of tho ICth. Tho dog tenras
hajl caught ua up Borne dn8 earlier
nnd tho wholo party proceeded in
company. A days rest was given tho
animals nt One Ton Cnmp which wo
left on tho 17th. Having regard to
tho weight of tho loads, the heavy
Burfaccs and limited number of ,pI-
mals, I decided to march 15 miles
only every night this distance haB
has been maintained on bright nights
nnd so far as wo can forseo, It should
be continued.
The ponies aro going very steadily
and keeping in condition rcmaiknbly
well. The first pony has been shot
for expediency but could have trav
elled further. The animals have ten
pounds of oats and three pounds of
oil cako dally. We are hopeful of
getting the men's food supply to tho
glacier, according to program, without
great dlfllculty but 'shull bo a day or
two later than anticipated. Wo-found
the motor party waiting nt latitude
80'. Two of their number now
leave us. Tho boIo cause of the aban
donment of tho motors was the over
heating of tho air cooled engines.
Time did not permit of the defects be
ing taken In hand. Tho Bstcm of
propulsion of the motors proved en
tirely satisfactory. Tho machines
dragged their heavy loads over the
worBt part of the barrier service and
crossed several crovasses. Consider
ing lnadequato trial, their success has
been remarkable.
With the experience now gained a
reliable tractor could bo constructed
which could travel anywhere in this
region and save the sacrlflco of ani
mals. Wo are building snow cairns
at Intervals of four miles to guide the
homeward parties and leaving a
week's provisions at every degree of
latitude to the barrier. The surface
was extremely bad and trying to the
ponies up to One Ton Camp, but has
been comparatively good since. The
greater number of the ponies have
been dragging over 650 pounds. ,
December 10, latitude 83 degrees 15
minutes. After the return of the
motor party from latitude 81 degrees
15 minutes wo pushed steadily south
hopeful for better weather conditions.
A second pony was destroyed at lati
tude 82 degrees 10 minutes. A third
at latitude 82 degrees 45 minutes and
two more near the 83rd parallel. None
of these animals were exhausted but
wero sacrificed on account of light
ening loads nnd as food for dogs.
Ab we approached the weather grew
worse, snow storms wero frequent,
the sky continually overcast and
land very rarely visible.
Under theso conditions it was most
difficult to keep a straight course and
maintain steady marches. Tho ponies
continued to pull splendidly.. The ex
cellent condition they retained under
severe work I attribute ontlrely to
tho management of Captain Oates. In
spite of delays we reached latitude 83
degrees .24 minutes, within twelve
miles of Mount Hope, on December 4.
We could havo reached the glaclor
with five ponies on the following day
but for tho Intervention of a souther
ly galo which lasted four days, during
which we did not sight land, although
only a fow mllos away. The wind
was very violent at times, a prodigious
amount of,6now fell and we had con
tinually to dig out ponies and tents.
Tho temperature roso to 6 plus 3, the
snow molting on our equipment and
completely soaking everything with
iwator. fNo sucn proiongoa storm hub
hitherto been recorded in these re
gions in December. ,
Hard Work In Deep 8now.
On tho ninth, after tho storm, elgh
teen Inches of wet snow covered the
originally soft surface. We could not
have bad advanced at ail had not the
leading pony worn snow shoes. Tho
men hauled on skies. It took fourteen
hours without a meal to do eight
miles. At tho first halt the ponies
were destroyed as we had no mor
forage for them. Today we havj
come through the pass and desend
tng on Beardmore glacier but only
with Infinite difficulties and after
twelve hours of hard work. The
Boft snow brought by the storm con
tinued over tho pass. Men on foot
sank to their knees nnd sledges Bank
to their crossbars continually. Tho
dogs have given somo holp but could
only bo lightly laden on such a sur
face. I send this note by returning
teams. The party is very fit but can
not keep up tho hours which wo have
been working. The storm has al
ready cost us flvo days. Its effects
may yet delay us further which
would bo a serious matter. Otherwise
everything has worked as planned.
Wo hope to find better conditions as
wo advance up tho glacier. Wo aro
necessarily dependent on tho weath
er nnd the season thus far has been
very unpromising.
A Struggle to Achieve 5 Miles a Day.
December 21, latitude 85 degrees 7
minutes south, longitude 103 degrees
4 minutes east, height about G.80O
feet, four miles south, thirty west ot
Mount Darwin. Largely as a result
of tho storm reported In my last dis
patch, the lower reaches of tho glac
ier wero filled with torrlbly soft snow.
Men on foot sank to the knee at
each stop. It would havo been qulto
impossiblo to advance had we not
pulled on skis. As It was tho run
ner surfaco of the sledges proved In
adequate. They frequently sank to
crossbars, requiring to bo extracted
with standing pulls. For four days wo
struggled In this morass, scarcely
advancing flvo miles a day although
working ten to cloven hours. It I
difficult to pitch a little harder and
wo wero able to push on, still pulling
on skis. Wo did not get abreast of
the cloudbrenker mountain until the
seventh, so that the snow cost us a
week's ndvnncc.
Since the sixteenth wo havo been
ablo to make very good marches
working up from thirteen to twenty
thrco Btatuto miles por day. By pro
gram I arranged to push on from tho
eighty-fifth paralel with eight mca
and twelvo units of provisions but I
hoped to reserve a margin over this.
As wo stand wo aro only half a day's,
food short on program and should
havo a good chance of getting through.
Tho weather continues unsatisfactory.
Wo hnd to march without sight of
laud on occasions. Wo aro getting:
lntermlttcn fog In this most crevassed
part of tho glacier. Everybody Is in
the best of health and spirits.
It has been most difficult to select
tho returning party of four which car
ries this note. Our position consti
tutes our upper glacier depot. Com
plete depots havo been established
on the homeward route. Tho track
of tho barrier Is well marked with
snow cairns. Tho members going
forward aro Scott, Lieutenant Evans,
Wilson, Bowers, Oatcs, Lashley, Petty
Officer Evans and Crean.
Close to the Pole.
January 3, 1912, latitude 87.112,
height 9.800 feet. After leaving tho
upper glacier depot, south of Mount
Darwin, I steered southwest two
days. This did not keep us clear of
pressure ridges and crevasses which
occurred frequently nt first and gave
us trouble, but wo roso rapidly In alti
tude. Probably tho difficult placea
were more snowcovered than further
eastward. The adopting of this course
was mainly felt on tho third and
fourth dnys whon owing to our alti
tude we got a splendid view of the
distribution of tho land masses fring
ing the Ice sheet and the arm of lco
falls. Slnco leaving the depot our
marches havo averaged over fifteen
statute miles a day. On Christmas
day we were close up to the 86th
parallel and the prospect of Christ
mas fare gave us an excellent march
seventeen miles but the effect was
not so happy the following day. The
surface grew more difficult as we
approached the 87th parallel. On
New Year's eve, In latitude 86 de
grees, 56 minutes, we dopoted there
a unit ot provisions and rebuilt our
sledges with new short runners,
which remarkable piece of work was
performed by the seamen ot thai
party under adverse conditions. Al
though it cost us nearly a day's
march, the change amply repaid us.
Wo havo been able to keep up our
average and we are now within 150
miles of the pole.
Five Going On to the Pole.
I am going forward with a party
of five men sending three back under
Lieutenant Evans with this note.
The names and descriptions of tho
ndvance party are: Captain Scott, R.
N.; Dr. Wilson, chief .of the scientific
staff: Captain Oates, Innlskllllng
dragoons, In charge of the ponies and
mules; Lieutenant Bowers, Royal
India marine; commissariat officers;
Petty Officer Evans, R. N in chargo
of sledges and equipment.
The advance party goes forward
with a month's provisions and tho
prospects of success good, providing
tho weather holds and no unforseon
obstaclos arise. It has been vory
difficult to choose tho advanco party,
as everyone was fit and ablo to go
forward. Those who returned aro
naturally much disappointed. Every
one has worked his hnrdest. The
weather on tho plateau has been good
on tho whole. Tho Bun has novor de
sorted us, but tho temperatures aro
low now, about minus 20 degrees, and
tho wind pretty constant. Howover,
we are excellently equipped for such
conditions and tho wind undoubtedly
Improves the surface so far all ar
rangements have worked out most
satisfactorily. It is more than prob
ablo that no furthor news will be
received from us this year as our r.
turn must necessarily bo late.
ROBERT F. SCOTT.
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