Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The Red Cloud chief. (Red Cloud, Webster Co., Neb.) 1873-1923 | View Entire Issue (April 22, 1898)
Tll'tt RED CLOUD CHIEF U r G1WAT COST OF AVARS. ASTOUNDING TIOURES THAT TELL A FEARFUL STORY. Illmt Siiinti of (In- Notable ('iiiilllct In lllntiiry Him- Ciitl Dutii of Alinorlilnj; Interest -Chll Wnr In th' 1'rinil -Spain rl.illlln I'lrrt Cnt . I. -.,000,000. It Ih estimated that since the ('IiiIh linn era began ovrr 1,000.000,000 human beings have perished iu war. Tin cent of the world's wnis sine the (.'r.inean war him been $t:ilJ(S.'.OUO.UOO. or enough ii give a 510 gold piece to every man. uoinaii and child on the glol o. Dur ing l lie most peaceful juus the world tiiiH .'1,700,000 soldlots, who mv with drawn from the productive operations lo pose as soldiers. The pay, equip ments, food mill clothing of those men costs the world's tuxii.iyciH nearly ?s, UOO.000 a day. The ost of our navy dining tlui civil war was. for 1802, $12. noo.ooo, iit;;, $03,000.0 io, istn, $8i,ooo,- 1)00; 180.1, $122,000,OCO. During the civil war the Cotif -derate misers captured or dpstioyed Mi ship-", 0 brigs, U7 schooners and S other ves sels flying the Anicilian Hag, The niiinher of men withdrawn fioin indus try to tnke part In the civil wnr on the I'nion Hide was 2,772. 108, while the Confederates enlisted over 000,000. Tho expense of the war dep:ittment in 1 SW was $391,000,000; in 18(53, $599,000.00); n lMJI,5C90,t00,CO0; In 1SG5, $1.C31,00). (100. In times of war the armies of I-'ti-ropean natloini can l,e raised to J.HiiO. 000 men, and the dally cxpens-i' will lie nearly $20,000,000, to say nothing of tin destruction of lile and property. During tin lata few months of thu civil win the e.'.pense of the go. eminent ex t ceded $3,000,000 u day. The dem-iie-Hon of stores and clothing hy b.ith nr uiii during the eh II war Is estimated at $100,000,000. In 1881 English ships brought to the hone factories of Knu land 30.000 skeletons of 'Pinkish and Russian soldier. who had perished iu the ('tltnoan war. They were to he uti lized as fertilizing material, after he lug ground to powder in the mills All the wars of Napoleon llonaparte ruv 25.1.000,000, while the wars of Louis Napoleon cost France 412.000,030. The foimcr made the enemy pay most of the expense; the expense of the war waged hy the latter was hnrno h France. During the civil wnr In this ountry, from 1801 to 1805, the L'nlon ordnance department served out to the iirmy 7,802 cannon. -t.022.O0O lilies. 2, itf.O.OOO eiiiiiiiiuents for foot and hor.-ie. 12.000 tons of powder, 12.000 tomi of shot, nnd 1,022,000,000 cartildges. The soldier Is the host fed Individual of his clasiJ In Kurope. The British soldier receives for his dally ration 10 ounces of broad, 12 of moat. 2 of rice. S of dried vegetables, 10 of potatoes, and unco a week ho lecolves 2 ouners of salt, 4 of coffee and 0 of sugar. In time of war France puts 117 out of every 1,000 of her population In the Hold, (Jermany 310, Russia 210. In the Crimean wnr of 1855 "SOiMOO men went to thu front, of whom 8,11)0 were killed In battle. 30.870 woie wounded, of whom 11.7.10 died In the hospitals. 7.1,375 died of disease con tracted during tho campalini. The to tal deaths wore 115.015. The war cout I3ft5.000.000. 'Phe principal nutlons of the world Imvo 2,291 warships, mounting 8.38J guns, mostly of very hsavy rnliber. The list of tho world's battles com prises U'.27 regular engagements whose names are given as worthy of recoid. During tho Mexlian war tho Unltc-1 G'ates put 00,100 men In the field, of whom 7.780 died of wounds cr iHbiiufc. At Gettysburg 140,000 men fought on the l'nlon nnd Confederate Fldea. of whom 8,000 were plated hors du com bat. During the Franco-Piusslan war of 1870-71, 170,000 French and 1,003,000 UormnnK took tho Held. Of tho for mer 41,000 wcro killed In battle, 30,000 illiMl of wounds, 45.000 died of BlcknoBS, 110,000 were in various ways disabled, and 440,000 wcro taken prisoners. Of the Germans. 19,782 were killed In no tion, 10,710 died of their wounds. 11,259 of sickness, 89,000 were dlsnbled. Tho prisonors taken hy the l-'rench wcro very few in number. In "U 084.000 French and 133.751 Germans were kill ed or disabled, a loss to the world of S17.751 men. The cost of tho Mexican war ,waa f 00,000,000. The total number of men in the wot Id's navies Is 237,000. In tlm last 200 years Franco hns spent 993, MO.OOO In war. It s estimated that ' there are 100,000.000 guns In tho world. At an average of $10 each tho cost of tho world's rifles, shot-;uu and mus kets would be $1,000,000,0)0. ( "Vi1 i - "" - " i - ii i ,, n .i , t. .... t l !!"ZI!I1ZI11 .i During the five e.irs ihnt the tner- i lean reolutlouary war continued 288. ,j& Americans won enlisted, hut thie were rarely more than .'io.000 In the Held at nnj one time. The national debt of Great Britain at the i evolu tion of IONS was only Gii 1.000. Since then it lias Incre.ised tliiough war ex penses to the enormous total of to'sV 000.000. At Cannae, wheie the Romans sustained the woist defeat thov ever experienced, Iheie weie 1 Itl.OOH men on the Held, of whom 52,0110 were kill ed. Russia spends 225,00(1,000 roubles a year on the army and 10.000.000 on the navy. A silver louhle Is woith l nearly 7." cents, a paper rouble nhritt i0 cents. 'Phe reports after the battle of Wiitciloo showe-; tb.it the llrltlsh artillery fired 'i.KJ" toiinds. about one for eery French soldier Killed on the Held. The bairaiks built for Hiiro peun soldiers are geneially t.ir bettei than the houses of the pciisautr. Chelsea llarracks Iu England cost 245 per man. The engines of a first-class steel man-of-war ost neaily $700,000. In the llrltlsh navy the annual cost of maintaining a lii.m Is 211. 'Phe aver age cost of malntaliig a man iu the American navy Is $1,500. Even little Belgium spends every yeai lU.uOU.OOO funics on her army. At I'annoekbtitn 13.1.000 men fought and 3!i,ooo wer killed or wounded. During the siege of Solustopol the batteries of the allied army threw Into the besieged eit over 110.000 Ions of shot ami shell. 'Phe cost of the artil lery firing and the value of the guns ruined and condemned is estimated at $12.000,0!)0. Dining the Franco-Prussian war the Gentians fired 311.000.000 title cartridges and 303.000 barges of artillery, killing or moitallly wound lug 77.000 Fienchnieii, showing that 100 shots are ieiulred to Mil or mor tally wound one man. It Is estimated that the woild's cninon has cost the world's tax-payers a little over ?4o.o0O, 000. At Waterloo tbeie v.eie I 1.1.000 men on both sides, of whom .11,000 wen killed or disabled. 'Phe anny and navy of the Argentine Confederation ate kept up at an an nual cost or $13,000,000. The wars of tin last seventy years have tost Rus sia $335,000,000, and the lives of 0(11,000 men. After the surrender of the Turks at Plevna the Russians took possession of $17,000,000 worth of aims. Denmark spends every year HI.OOO.OOO kioener on her army and navy. A kroener is a little over 2.1 cents. During the civil war the union blockading licet captured or destioyed 735 schooners, 15.1 sloops, 202 steamers, Till: SPANISH TORPF.DO F LO'PILLA-t'OST and 170 other vessels that were at tempting to run the blockade. Fioiii June, 1791, to November, 1813, the Fionch government enrolled 4,55(5,000 men, nearly three-fourths of whom died In battle, of wounds or diseases contracted In the Held. The expend iture for the German army In 18S9 was 18,810,000, or about $190 per man. Of the aggregate sum .1,550,000 was for pay. 1.300.000 for food, and 1,200, 000 for clothing. The public debt of tho Austro-IIimgatian empire Is 5,020,185, 000 llorlns, mostly contracted by the French war of early years of this cen tury of the soven weeks' war with Prusslu. Tho navy of (Jreat Britain has 05. 000 men; Franco, 54,000; Germany, 10, 000; Russia, 29,000; Austria, 8,000; Italy, 13.000; Spain. 11,000; Holland. 8,000; Turkey. 39.000; the Unltwl States. 10,000. Tho nnnual cost of the British army Is 17.000,000; of the nnvy, 14,000,000. Mitrengo culled 58,000 mon Into action, of whom 13,000 wore killed or crippled. Tho Spnnlsh army costs 142,000 pe setas a year. Twenty-fivo pesetas euual $5. Tho French nrmy costs every year 075,000,000 francs; tho navy 209,000.000. The United States army, in 1892, cost $10,895,450; our navy In the same year, $129,171,139. Tho army of Bolivia costs tho people of that Impoverished coun try $1,800,000 a ycur. Tho annual army expenditure of Greece Is 18.000, 000 drachml, A drachma Is about 20 cents. Italy spends every year 14,000, 000 Urn on her nrmy. Twenty-llvo llro equal $5. Down to the year 187'! Krupp had delivered to various Euro pean nations over 15,000 cannon. There wero 42,000 men on the Hold of Sa dowa, of whom 33,000 were killed or disabled. At Borodino 250,000 French and Russians fought mid the dead and wounded numbered 78,000. Tho esti mated cost to both Bides of tho great civil war In this country was $0,500. 000,000. The spring and autumn innncitvers of tho Kuropeau armies cost annually over $10,000,000. In 1800 tho United States provost marshal genernl reported that 01,302 men on tho union side had been killed iu battle. 34,720 had died of their wounds, lb3,2S7 had died of disease, total deaths. 279.370; total desertions, 199.105. A partial statement on the confederate side declared that I33.S2I men had died In battle of wounds or disease mid 10I.I2S had de serted. During the war the union troops captured 170,109 confederate prisoners; the confederates captured 212,000 union men. Of the latter 29,72.1 died Iu eonfedeiate prisons, while 20,-77-1 confederates died In confinement. ENGLISHMAN OF ROMANCE. Sir i:l iii Arnold' Life In the I Inn cry Kingdom. Sir lMvvIn Arnold, who sealed l's union with a f.isiiiiatlug Japanese wid ow by an English marriage service In London leccntly, was always cosmopol itan In his Ideas, says the Phlhulelphi i Record. Surely no Englh liiiiun lioiu and bred has ever succeeded Iu merg ing his own Individuality Into that of other people's as the author of "'Phe Light of Asia" and "The Light of the World" has done. When he was In In dia In his young days his work showed his Intense sympathy with the lludd hlsts, and In the ptefaee to "The Llgl.i of A hIii" he wrote '"Phis book w is written by one who loved India mid the Indian people." For two score years he was English to the core of his hoait iu the editoihils he wtoto for the Loudon Telegraph and In IS90 lie came to America, seemed unite able to understand r.s (as few of Ills count ry- i men could do), and then Ik went on to I .lapau and Immediately began to live a la Japanais. in uveu iu a native lmn.--e, left his mines at his door, slept on a thick unlit and, they say, ate in ' tine Japanese style, In his bediooui l he had a cheap Hutopcau washstaud, two Japanese chests of drawers if white wood and black iron work, and I the usual sliding cupboards, Into which his bed was put when It was rolled up In the daytime. 'Phe walls of the ! loom were of tissue-paper panel.-? povv I deteil with silver maple leaves and a : clear glass belt ran. around the room. ' The (IrawliiR-room was glass paneled I from door to celling and the only thing Iu the whole house that hinted at otlir I (Ivlll.atlons was an American stove. which stood In one of the corners. With I such surroundings It Is not much won der that the Impressionable poet found himself going through the ceremony of tea drinking with his charming com panion of the hour, and that he was content to accept the ceremony hona-llde martlage Is tribute to kinship with genius that since us a his t no $i",00'V'J0. world began has ever flouted a llttli the staid laws and regulations that or dinary folks find necessary to comfort able existence. It was in Japan, by tho way. that Sir Kilwin began "The Light of the World," mid Indeed, completed It, too, during his stay of several yeats. lii'iimrki.liln rrcrul rlillj . Ail eccentric character, who died re cently in Italy, had not left his own grounds for years. He took long walks every day iu tho house, or In the house and grounds, counting the number .of times he covered certain measured distances. Whenever the dlstunco equaled that to some neighboring vil lage, ho put it down as a walk to that placo and spoke of it in that way to his friends. Bofoto he shut hlniBolf up he used to pay visits to bis friends in a hlihly original manner, he himself re maining Invisible, while bis servant ran backwards and forward:, hy the hour together, carrying questions uud answers. TO THE POINT. Rome mothers spate the rod and spoil the slipper. A good toudbed Is the best place for a tired wheel. The musician who plays by note ha to face the music. y,o woman can lace hersolf as tight as n man can drink himself. All tho world's a stage, and the per formance thereon Is continuous. Idealism Is the contemplation of mnirlage; realism Is what you get. A woman is clover when sho makes a man think ho knows u great deal more than she does. A good many people who are trying to get In the social swim should put on life-preservers. You can nlwnys Judge tho wheels In a mnn's head by the spoken that ion.. from tho mouth. Too many men are engaged in the ptofcEslon of carving pine dry goods boxes with. a pocket knlfo. When u candidate plucoa himself in the bauds of his friends ho must place his pocketbook tlisre also If he ox. UccU to come under tho who first, DAIRY AND POnPRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Hew Sin ci'i.f ill I'lirini'ri lirnttr TliU JJi'imrliuciil of (lie Turin - A lin Elln'. M In I In- (lire of I. Iw Stni U Hint 1'iniltij. riiiiituiiii' t loiii. At no lline In tho more than twetity Hve years that 1 have been wilting for the agiieultuial papers has then been as iniieh Interest -howu Iu and si many questions asked about the rare and management of poultiy as no.v. says a vv titer in Home and F.niu. 1 believe that one reason for this Is that during the ve.irs of low prices for st t pie crops the farinets who kept poultry and rated for It well found that they paid the grocery bills easily and that a hundred or more dollars iiutld be made ftotu poultiy easier than ttoiu any other product of tho fat in. One reason why so ninny farnieis fail l" appreciate the piollt fioin poultiy is that no account Is kept with the liens and no cicdlts given, and the average farmer could nut give an Intelligent guess as to what It costs lo keep a hen a jour or tell whether she paid Tor her feed or not. On many farnn the poultry Is neither fed nor watcted. hut arc expected to ror.igo and steal rtoni hogs and other stock what they can, and they get no can except Irom tin farnier'i; wife, who alieadv has more duties than It Is possible for her (o at tend to piopcrly. For several years past I have taken all the care of my poultry, and I have fed them as tcgulaily as I do my work teams, and have seen that they had plenty of pine, fresh water to drink, free fiom Ice In winter and i banged two or tbtee times a day In summer and that they have had gilt and a dust bath accessible at all times. The result has been that 1 have had eggs iu abundance, in 1897 I kept 120 Plj moiith Ruck hens and thlrtj -three lay ing Pckin ducks. We raised neat Ij 200 ducks and 150 chickens. I i annul give the exact cost of feed, for we fed two litters of pigs fioin the same bins of meal and bian that tin poultry was fed from, but I entlniato that we fed our poultry about 300 bushels of corn and oats, two tons of bran and $10 worth of special food, Mich as bone meal, meat meal and oil meal, and In addi tion large (inutilities of lettuce nnd cabbage, which cost but little, as we can glow 150 pounds of lettuce to the iquaie rod. and we only feed the un merchantable cabbage after marketing the salable heads. It is a liberal esti mate that our feed cost $80. Feed was cheap this year, com sell ing at 17 cents a bushel and bran at $8.50 per ton. Our sales for the year from the poultry weto $2M5.4(i. but about $120 of this was fiom eggs for hatching, which were packed carefully and sent by exptess, and this souwe of profit would not be available to farm ci. s generally. One bundled dollars worth of eggs weie sold at market prices to the giotcr, and those worn sold at from 7 cents per dozen to 20 cents, but not many at either of these extreme prices, but the average was not far from 10 cents a dozen, and wc sold $03.78 worth of poultry, nio.itiy ducks. It will be seen that we sold $H53.7S worth of poullrj pioduct .it ordinary prices, and If the eggs sold for hatching had la en -old In the mar ket Instead of for hatihlng our sales would have been Jiut about $1M), in stead of $2Si5. Ami in showing that poultry Is profitable this smaller sum Is tho fair one to consider. The leader will probably conclude that tho feed should be deducted from this, leaving $100 as net profit. llulr.ilim In StiiitlHTii IIII1111N. (Cniuli'tised Horn Fuuncr' Review Stenographic ltipnit of Illinois .Stale Vr try men's Convention.) L. A. Spies spoke on feeding 0f dairy cows In southern Illinois. In part ho said: The feeding of dairy cows iu dif ferent localities Is Inllitcueed most by tho kind of feed that grows best lit those localities. Southern Illinois has long been noted for Its crops of corn. We have our cows come In fresh In the fall of the year, as wo then get our dilry products when they will bring the most money. We have long since quit buying other people's mistakes, and rnlso our own cows. Wo tralr. them to be henrty caters and develop n fcound constitution. I would not dulry with out silage, as this makes It possible to have succulent feed all tho year round, tho very thing necessary for a large flow of milk. Mr. W. K. Lyons also contributed an interesting paper, which led to the fol lowing discussion: Q. I would like to ask If the bad condition of the roads for quite a por tion of the year Isn't quite a drawback to dairying In this pection? Mr. Lyons Occasionally It Is. Tho way It Is right now It is considerable of a drawback, but for several winters past wo have experienced very little difficulty in that icgard. Q. I would like to ask this question: Mr. Lyons, In his remarks, rather dep tecatcd the uso of the hnnd separator. Wouldn't tho usp of hnnd separators In furnishing cream to tho erenmerleB ob viato some of tho difficulty of had roads? You would not have to carry so much stuff to tho creamery. Mr. Lyons In Southern Illinois the farmers will eomo to town anyway, nnd tho creameries are not far npart. I cannot see where tho advantages como In. Q. What In your objection to the hand separator? Mr. Lyons Tho cicnmery would hnve to drlvo nround nnd collect the eieam. Q. What Is the objection fiom the farmer's standpoint? Mr. Lyons One of the great objec tions would be the expense of collect In?; tho milk. Tho farmer's expense In limiting tho milk Is not to bo compared with the creamery's expense In going after It. The ereatnerv man hns to pay two or three dollars for a tenm nnd driver, when many times tho farmer's teams ate Idle and can do it much cheaper than the creamery man. The evpense conies out of the farmer In the end. mid I claim the present plan would be more successful. ().- I low about In the summer? Mr. Lyons In our experience , the milk for many of the creameries In Southern Illinois Is brought tu by tho young people, children, and old people that me not very serviceable on the farm, and thus It Is done with very lit tle epetiFe. Supprwo half a domett farni eis dub together In a locality. Of eonrse tin one that comes In loses half a day, but how often doei that happen? Onlv once ti week, and he must came to town for "iipplles occasionally. Of course where farmers aie within a tulle of the cteamerv It tukes only a small portion of time. (.--'oii do not mean to say that the milk Is delivered only once a week? Mr. Lyons I mean that where half a dozen farmerti club together one needs to come only once a week. ().- 1 am not Interested In this mat ter at all; but It strikes me very forci bly that I can see a great objection to It. It Is utteily Impossible for a man to opeiate fifty machines as well as he can one. If this gentleman has fifty or seventy-five pntrons the use of hand separators would thus necessitate fifty or seventy-five machines Instead of one. The difference In the expense Is gieat. Mr. Lynr.r The Idea of the hand sep arator Is that the farmer has one him self. Q.--TI111I doesn't change the matter, lie has to make the Investment and keep It In 01 dor In your creamery you operate olio or two machines. In the other case vou have seventy-five. No two faiiiieis will operate the same ma chine alike, one will operate It light and one vvioug. ImiiiI MniM lien lc. The New York station recoinni'nrta as ferllllzeis for the strawberry for uittogen, 150 to 300 pounds ulttate of soda, applied dining the gi owing sea sen, or 125 to 250 pounds of sulphate of ammonia, or 250 to 500 pounds dried blood. For phosphoric acid 550 to 1,100 pounds of hone meal, or 375 to 750 pounds dissolved bone, or 450 to 900 pounds dissolved rock. For potiuh, 140 to 280 pounds muriate, or same of sulphate, or 550 to 1,100 pounds kalnlt, or 1,100 to 2,800 poiindR wood ashes. In Mi't t In i- llin nliiiitM the crown should be on a level with the soil, no higher ami no lower. The roots should not be allowed to get drj'. Dip them In witter as soon as they begin to get dry. Trim the roots bnek nt least one-third, and spread them fan-shaped when set ting, filling In gradually and firm well. Some prefer the hill culture for small ifiirilpiiH. Mcttlnir the ntnnts In rows three feet apart, and one foot npart In the row, and not allowing them to bios stun or put out runners the first Ben son. This makes line large plants, but (hose who grow for market think It requires too much time to keep off the runners. They like better tho narrow or wide-matted ones, the rows being three to four feet apart and the plants fifteen to eighteen Inches apart, nnd the runners being allowed to fill the space between. If the tow Is left at one foot wide It Is tetnieil the narrow row nnd nt two feet wide n wide row Runners must be cut to keep them within bounds, nnd (hey will probably need to have the runners thinned out In many places. Some varieties have the ft uit so small after the first crop that they are scarcely worth retaining after they have borne oiicp. Others make but few runneis, nnd may be nllowed to fruit for two or three seasons. In this ease, after tho crop hns been pick ed, mow off the tops of the plants nnd burn them, to destroy weeds, Insects. 1 ttst nnd the old mulch on the ground. The mulch may be coarse ninniire, cheap hay. straw, pine needles or pine boughs, or leaves, If there Is some thing to hold them In place. Avoid using a mulch likely to contain weed seeds, and put It on when the ground Is frozen so hard ns to bear up?tho horse nnd wagon. One row In four should consist of plants having perfect or stnmlnatc blosroms. Clilit.h IVtitlii-rliii;. 'I here Is a great difference iu the breeds as to tho time of the chicks feathering out. Some of the non-netting breeds feather out very quickly and therefore need more attention In tho matter of food. This precocity Is not desirable, but wo must admit that It can not ho helped. As tho feather takes not carbo-hydrntes, but proteins, for Its fm ination, It Is evident that we should glvo more of this kind of feed to tho chicks nt the tltno they nre be ginning to feather. Tho breeds that do not feather out quickly nre supposed to stand tho proc ess better, for It is tho opinion nmong poultrymen that a chick that feathers slowly Is moie certain to he raised than tho one Hint feathers out rapidly. This is duo to tho fact that the process Is very weakening, and tho chick falU an easy prey to lieu and germs of dls cate. Milk Food for Calves, How mnry persons know that no bird that flies, save one, feeds Its young on anything but flesh food. There Ib only ono bird that I know of that does not feed its young on Insect food, even our own sparrow, which has the power to partly digest grain In their crops nnd glvo It to their young. Tho young calf must have food that Its delicate stomach can digest, and It Isn't ground feed; It Is llesh In 11 sense, because it Is milk. Ho has not a good digestive stomach at that age. Jonathan I'criam, Averngc Income ftom Cows. The nv ernge Income from dairy cows lu local ities wheie the milk Is sold to conden sing factories is said to be about $38.00 .1 year. It sometimes runs ns high ns $75.00 to a cow, mid sometimes ns low us $25.00, but tho genernl average u p.. tlmntcd to be ubout $3S.OO, Horn tiililrfl -Mulls mill Flnnrn. There Is a grent need of reform tm f'o average Amerlcan'a farm In th, construction of the horso stnbles, tho erne bestowed upon them and tho man-, ngement of tho unlmals which thej house. Bays Indiana Farmer. In many localities, east and west, llttlo or no at tention Is given to sanitary conditions, and for the most part they nre unfit to he used for any purpose whatever, much less as tho dwelling plnco of an unlinal so noble, Intelligent and cleanly hy nature, and so sensitive to all Im purities of air, food or water, ns tho horse. No heed is given to drainage, light or ventilation, mid moie often than otherwise tin floors aro uneven, full of holes, and ate composed of ma teilal hard to keep clean even when there Is a disposition and an effort made In that dlicii.ou; they emit an unwholesome odor Hint Is bad for tho health of horses, nnd many stable ills are trnceable thetcto. Horse stables should never bo placed underground, wholly or Iu part, for there Is general ly lu such a location no sulllclent menus for light, ventilation nnd drainage; these defects very often causo great damage to the constitution and general welfare of animals that arc obliged to constnntly breathe the foul nlr Insepat able to such surroundings. Ventilation anJ light in tin stable are us necessary to pet feet health of tho horso as proper fcl nnd exerclso nnd In building slthlcs this consideration should re ceive attention foremost among other Important things. Klght or nine feet fiom t floor to celling Is llttlo enough; 10 or 12 Is better. The doors should bo so placed that when open the air shall not be upon thu horses, mid a great advantage Is found lu hav ing l hem lu two sections horizontally In older to have the upper half to stand open In summer to admit fresh nlr. The windows, which should bo largo as in a modern dwelling house mid ns numerous In proportion to the size of the room, should bu so placed as to nl low a ftee passage of nlr In warm weather, and If In front of the horses they must be shaded, as the full glare of light from that direction Is an In Jurj to the eyes. They should also bo situated high enough so as to allow tho air to circulate over the horsoB' backs. The stalls lu most farm stables aro too narrow, rmely ever being over live feet wide and very often less. Six feet wldo Is much better, more comfortnblo and safer for the horse. Ample room In tho rear Is also a convenience- nnd safe gum d against dangers nnd mishaps that is too often entirely dlrcgnrdeil while planning for the accommodation and comfort or the horses In tho stnble. Fifteen to 17 feet from the head of tho stall to the back wall Is none too long for an averaged size farm horse. Wo have all seen stalls that were no short, and some of us have had them In use. Mint u-lien Die ImrKCS wore 111 their places scarce space enough behind them was allowed to walk and very often, to add to tho discomfort and cramped condition of affairs, tho harness hung upon pegs flxed In the rear wall, which may bo a handy place for the purpose, but besides being in tho way and often under tho horses feet, tho odor of a badly kept stable Is a serious Injury to the ha mess. o'l-li-iitlllii r.mllr.v KmUImk. Little has ns yet boon done for M10 poultry Industry hy our oxpetimnt 'stntlons or otherwise. Kvon private investigations have been of an Imper fect character, and ninny of tho re suits obtained hnve been very unsat isfactory If not delusive. Wo huvo forjned a gte.at many opinions on our observations, but it will doubtless ho found that both opinions and observa tions have been wrong In many cases. Such has been tho result In other Unci of farm Industry. Wo thought that wo knew that in tho milk of the dr.lry cow tho food mnde tho richness or tho poorness uccordlng to Its qunllty, but we found that all of our observttlons in that matter wero delusions. So It rlll doubtUss be with the poultry facts (?) Hint wo hnve secured. What what wo need Is extensive Investiga tions Into the principles of poultry cul ture. Both public and private atten tion should be given to tho matter. It may bo that In time wo will bo able to exterminate the roup and kindred dis eases over wide nreas of countrj'. Wo may even be ablo to exterminate the louse of the chicken variety as thor oughly ns we have In many localities the louse that fastens on the human head. The Marcs. Probably few fanners can well change their stock of marcs at once, hut those that havo any nt all fit for breeding should breed them to sires of families lu which the quality of transmitting tho strains that make them vnluable Is well established. Tho marcs that nro raised from such breed ing will he a big improvement on their dams, nnd should themselves bo bred to n sire of tho same class ns that to which the dam was bred. It is better to have only three or four good mnres Just enouah to do tho work of tho farm, and breed them In this wnj-.thnn to havo a Fcore producing colta hy a half-bred stallion who transmits noth ing with certainty other than shabby appenrnnce and n general unlltrcss for any good purpose. Ex. French Spinet. Tho French iinve 11 way of fattening fowls that seems to be peculiar to that country. A hugo spinet Is built that revolves on oa center. This bplnct contains cases, in which nre fowls, ono lu cacli cage. The fowl is kept lu the dark nnd in el lence, being fed sevcrnl times a day with soft food that Is pumped down Its throat. The fowl has nothing to do but ent and digest Its food. In a few weeks It hau become u most tooth-s-onio morool for the erdeure. Tha spinet Is merely the homo for the fovvlo during fattening, and sometimes o;n. tains (500 fowls. One hundred quarts of milk vveUhj j.t,'out 21D pounds. '.I I I 'J J !i ; &.-. tmm lirniMBBiniiiiiiMii liSto.;