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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (March 1, 1860)
HID ADVHITISEP, ... - - . . . jTJRNAS & LYALUTA, rr..iv nV fain P t r c t l8i 5W ' C if In adrancs. . . $ 2 00 If Pd Ube end of C roonthi S 60 " ' . ) or more wilt be furaicbrd at $1 0 pet rvld tbecab econiFDlp tLe ir2tr, not "..:' . I i UP V Ay s A ,y lyv a yfyy .) f M It ..! MX M -1 ! LZ A y ill ,3 .ifi On s3r ('J t'.nei er Jess) Ci2 Cl:t saaare, cet ciocti, Briiae Cixiuef a.x i.it or i; . Ofce Colasia on ytr, - Or.'ti;r Cl s.aa j yer, founi Cu'.una ,se jr, Cr.col-4tnn iix muuil J, -One fc.!f Cuiataa jx E3u?t. ' Cue fr:b Colerne six Owe ';iiis C!- -o ix ro-.ntha,. One Cinma tbree months, - Cue fcxl Coloma ittM cir.ntii, One foertfc Colttma ttirce iuob!;:: Oaeelxktn Colatia three moot!' I 3 a ej 2 8 . ft 61 f ' ff, k IS 0 Si SO 0 ' ID 0. 9 0 3 i 9 . 13 O S 0 . S 9 It i .to. wif - tiCiiM VOL. IV. BliOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THUESDAY, MARCH 1, 1860. NO. 34. TjSl-NESS CARDS. j'-.-c. johitsoi:, Vttornby.at lay, SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY "u AND Xlcal Estate Agent, DR0WNV1LLE, N. V. ECFEKNCE4. p. F l'e 1 ci T T ATTTTTTT Cabinet & 7agoii-IIaker rin?treet.bet. Sixth and Seventh. .i!kin.lif binet work neialy execnied. - f tU.w. etc.. promptly done. . J. B. V7ESTON, ATTOBUEY AT LAV , i rj'OSceon Min Street, one door bore the Post ; .werfl'.e, Prcember I, 59 'irchitect and Builder. "TlRS. JIA11Y HEW-ETT . . flUMER AIID DRESS MAKER. Viin Street, one door above CajBons Bank. M enc ''HmmzTigy ciiray on A an J. -JAMES W. GIBSON, BLACKSMITH T. M. TAL150TT, ; DENTAL SURGEON, ?.ifi loeateJ bimclf in Urownville. N. Tnlfi- Ill job! warnmieu. drTdTgwin, Hnvin" penuanenlly located in DUOWNVJLLK, NEBRASKA, Medicine end Jsirjrery, ten- in his jrofeMifnl nerricee to the afflicted. - X S. HO L LAD AY, M.D. IcvectmilTtriforniibii friend in Brownville nd in.3ute vicioiiy tbtbe ha resumed the practice r ; Medicine, Surgery, & Obstetrics, ! M hopef.br strict attention to his profeMm, to receive uuiM-nerun ptronge heretorre rxien.lel him. in licae here it i possible or expedient, a prescription LiDewill berlone. Otfte at City Umg Store. Feb. 24, '69. 35 ly : Mrs. Hendgen & Miss Lusk, i KILL1XERS AND DRESS 5IAKERS, j First Street, bet. Main and Water, 1 DliOWN VI I A .K, NEBRASKA, J Ut!t, litoi-Drtneiend Trimming alwaytonkand L. LL JOHNSON, I.L D.f PnYSICIA AND SURGEON, Office at C C. Johnson's Lr Offlcc, ' first Street, between IXain and Water, BRCnTXVILIX, XCDRASILA. i o. t. M Oiir. o. a. iicwctt. t. w. tijomaS. McGary, Huwelt k Thomas, ATTORIiEYS AT LAW AND SOLICITORS IX CHANCER Y. Brownville, Nebraska. Will practice In the Courts of Nebraska, and Xortfc west Missouri. REFERENCES. Messrs. Crow, McCreary &Co., St. Lonls, Mo lion, jarues m. iiucds, Hen John R. Sbcply. Hon. JjmesCrsi?, ' If on. SilaiJlVoKBon, Hon. Sniitel W. BUclt, S. F. Nuckolls, Esq., Cbeever Sweet h. Co., R. W. Furnas Do Do St. Joseph, Mo. Uo Neliraiia CUy.X.T. Do do RrownviHe Brownville, K. T. Oct. 23. 1858. t4k16 a . 4u wilcox. T. W. LZfQtilj WILCOX & BEDFORD, DRALKR3 IM LAND WARRANTS, A 5 D EASTERN EXCHANGE, ZUroxprxTLlTo, INT. 27. Land Warrants Loaned on Time From One Month to Ten Years, Land Warrants Loaned to Prc-cniptors ; Taxes Paid; Collections made; Real Estate Boucbt and Sold j Lands Located ; and safe Investaienti made for Eastern Cap italists. All Land Warrants sold by cs are joaranted perfect In all respects, 5,000 Acres of Choice Lands, For Sale In Ncmalia and Richard son Counties, Nebraska. Thee lands were selected and lKated immediately after the Laud Sies, and are amongst tbe tuol valua blet.an.U in the Territory. We will sell them at low prices, and on Ions time to actual settler. WILCOX it BEDFORD, Brownville, K. T., Dec. 8, 1W9. Clocks, Watches & Jewelry. J. SCHITTZ Would anuouneeto thecitltens of Brswnvillt and vicinity tbat be bas located bimselt in Brownville. andintend keeping a full assort. lueiu of everything in bis lineof butiinefs, mbicb will be old low for cash. lie will also do all kinds of re pairing of clocks, watebca and Jewelry. All work war ranted, vjmoiy VM. ROSSELL, BUOWiSrVILTi'E, N. T. imiMinri ., ti.f iinMic that he is Dreuared to accom- li.him' m-ith c.t:i"ph and Uuccice I to gether with good ae horses, for comfort and case in tra velling. He will also board norse ny iceuay. t ees or month. XVTERMS FAVORABLE. mfl June 10, '63.. 60tf viiTATK AITTIIOKITY. INCREASE OF CASH CAPITAL Phoenix Insurance Company, Ilarttbrd, Connecticut. -DCTOTCD TO FIR IliSURAKCE EXCLUSIVELY Charter Ferpetuil. Cash Capital, 400,000 00 Dollars. Casll ASSCttS, $317,713 tf7 S. II. LOOM IS, President. H KEU OQ i. Secretary. Branch Office, 31 & 33 3d St. Cincinnati M. MAGILL General Agent. AftcU in tbe principal Citiei and towns in the iwoa. Uict promptly paia. ArwicawunarweiT po'.icief iwued ui renewed. O. B. HEWETT Agent, At Urownrille, N. T. BfowoviUe, Not. 17. 185'J.-ly IIEHT LITBRATDRB NEWSPAPERS, AND Of. cvory description, for sale at SCIMTZ S: DEUSER'S LITERARY DEPOT, South-east corner Main and Second, EBOWNVILLE. N. T. Rrr.f ,1 f-ntll tup mm iiDi MANUFACTORY! JOliS W. MIDDLETON, ZjnOTTXTILI.E, X. T. rs-V IH.RF.BT informs tke public tbat be bas located biacelf i tbtsCity, and is prepared V -t rerre tkoe in waot of anything in his line, ft' has selected bis slock rith c are-and will nanufacture 1 ". t article of ereryttiag offered. He deems it un cetn.ry tocnaraerate? tvtwill keep on band ereyarli- caiaailyobtaiMd is Sjue and Harness shops. JOnX W. MIDDLETON. arownviUe Vsrlt. no4-m BROWNVILLE w m m m. JESSE NOEL HaT'in fntrnA th int trail f I. ik mid Emm'riiMiiii JJ BrjnriiieS'eara Sjw and (irmt lltll.annonnce to "thepublic that he is prepared to iccjnnvlate the "itttf Hrnwnrill riJ V th C.Hintf with a n- rr,niity of Imnber of all kinds. A1m with tbe "lill.Uerreall In that line. Buarkat nrtoa 1 1 , i ni.t tnr T-nFt and Corn oid bniaeif Xoel.LkelL F.mnternon will te ''tiH by rieery Iake. All future bnlne e ndncted laidwicned. JESSE XOKL. 'ille. April 7th, 1S59. IT JOSEPH L. ROY, 33 -l 3EL.23 ES 2- HAIR DRESSER. Main Street, nnowxTiLLt, x. t. ry,. CITY LIVERY STABLE. ARCADE -SALOON! TvIAlrsT STREEr, (Over Scigle & Urcerjboum'a Clotliing Store,) Brownville, IT T. rhe proprietor would ret peel fully inform the pub vsthe lia!" opened upend established f'-r the re- ttb ntof the inner man, at the above mentioned plae, ,; nil citn be accommodated with the best of Wines and Li quo.?, and enjoy tbe soothing in fluence of the bcftqunlity of feegnr.. A hrst claw 33IIjXjiX-A-X1.X "r.33XjX3, 1'belrtn'- Tatent Combinntion Cushion, with all the rnoderm improvement!". U alno on the premises for the enjoyment of all who delicht tn thi. pfntienmn IyflndcieiitifieKame. EVAN WOUT1IINU. September Z-M, isav. I 1-6 m CHARTER OAK Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Incorporated ly the State of Connecticut. Capital Stock 200,000. With litrrcand increajinjr surplus rfccipt,secure- ly invested under the sanction and approval of the Comptroller of Public Accounts. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: JAMES C. WALKL.EY, President. JOHN L. IIUXCE, Vice President. ELIAS tJILL. Secretary. E. D. DICKERMAX, General Agent. DIRECTORS : Alfred Gill, Daniel Phillips, JohnL.Hunce, K. P.!.lgef, J. A.l'.utlcr, K. I. Ii"keroian N.Wheaton, Sam. Coit. Xclion Hollistcr, James C. Walklcy. S. B. Bereford. M I, ConUltin? Physician. A. S. lIHd.iy.M J). Meilical Exsirainer. Applications received by U.W. Kl'KXAS. Ap't. n8-tf Ilrownrille. N.T. CITY TEUIIK ST0EE. , FAS SETT & CROSSLI AIT, Hanufacturer of Traveling & Packing VALISES, CAR PET BAGS, 6? C. South West corner of Pine and 3d st's, Saint Lcals, Ho. D. A. COS8T ADLC, IRON STEEL, NAILS, CaS HAGS, SPIIINGS, AXLES, FILE ifi a cksmYth's tools " TUrd Street, bctweea Felix and Edmocd, SAINT" JOSEPH, MO. - V'iiich be sells at St. Louis prices for cash. . -";rv. -ricd Paid fot Scrnp Jroa. ' Ii.vi.ci , i j.-iy. JOQX. P. KINXET. CHAR. F. HOLLY. KINNEY & HOLLY, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, rVEIIUASKA CITY, IV T. Will practice in the Courts of thi Territory Collec tion and criminal business attended to throughout N hraska, Western Lwa and Missouri. Will attend the Courts at Brownville. v2n33-Cnt E. S. DUNDY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, ARCIIEK, RtCII ARDROIf CO. It. T. WILL practice in the several Courts of tbe id Judicial District, and attend to all nutters connected with tbe Profession. Wat. McLekhas. Ka., of Nebraska City, will askist me in the prosecution of Important Suits. Sept. 10. '87-tl-tf GEORGE EDWARDS, AHOHITHCT. OFFICE Mai St, Eattof Kinnty 4 Holly' t ojjict, Nebraska City. 3.T. Per:ontwh contemplate building can be fnrnished With Designs. Plan Specifications. &c. fr buildingoi anyclass tir rariety of style, atirl the ereciii ii of (he same .nperintended ir dasired. rrompt attention paid Ij busiuef roni a distance. Sill FRANKLIN TYPE & STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY TSo. 188 Vine St.. bet. Fourth ana Fiftc Cincinnati, 0. C. F. O'DIUSCOaLL & CO Manufacturer and dealers in News. Uook aDO Job Type. Printing Presses. Cases. Nnllics.Ae., tc. Inks, and Printing Materia! of Ererr Description, STEREOTYPING of all kind Books Music. Patent. Medicine Directions Jobs, Wood Kngrevings. c, f c. Brand and Pattern Letters, variousstyles, SAINT JOSEPH ST. JOSEPH, MO. WILLIAM CAMERON, A." M., Principal. Completely organized as a first class Female Boardine and Day School. Number limited to 125, including 25 boarders. Scholastic year commencing first Monday In September. For Catalogues, with full particulars, ad dress tbe Principal. Ancnst 4th. 1S6J). v4n4f Pioneer Ooohbiinlcrr We are now prepared t. all alt orders On tin ur line with promptness and on tbe ! tbe most reasonable terms. Ourttockls ei ' t Ji..f and comi leteand nil of our own manufacturing. Tboseia ant of article in our line, (wholesaleor retail) willdowell tojrive ns a call be fore pun-basin elsewhere. A share of public patrou aeei solicited. n!8v3-ly JAMES HOG AN, BLANK COOK MANUFACTURER. Southeast cr. 2nd and Iocust St-s. ST. LOUIS, .AIO. Allkindoor Blank B x.V mlef the host paper, rnled t. any pattern, and ewed In tbe new Improved patent mode. LIZBAMES PCItlODICAIiS. MUSIC.&c, bound in any tyle, and at the hortet notice. Itavinr been awarded the Premium at the lat Me chanic's Fair, befcelic:ndiieit in inurins satisfaction toailwlm miy citc hint a cait. July 124, liii. Iyr3n4 D L AUK AND BOOK .Manufactory. COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA. WILLIAM F. KITER. Would respectfully inform the citizens in Western ru- V.k..;lr. tinl tin htu nnnno.t ft. first flila Cindery, and the only one ercr established in thii section of country. I am now prepared to doall kind of worn pertaining to trie nusmc.-p. Harper s. lirtham s.tjodey , 1'cterson s, Artnur Uallou'i. Frank IlieV, Knickbocker, Wa verly, Hunt's, and Putnam's Magazines. Jicw York Ledger, IiallouV Picto rial. Harper's Weekly. Scien tific American. Yankee Kotions. Musical!, eriew. Les lie's Illustrated, Lndies Repository. Ladies Wreath, Atlantic Monthly, Music, Law. Hook, and Newspaper!', or books of any kind, oil or new, bound or r bound in themo?t at.prTed styles, on short notice and low prices. Old family UiUcs rebound so as to lock and wear equal to new. August 2t, 1SS9. n7-ly DROWS & CLIXTOX, PRODUCE DEALERS, Forwarding & Commission MERCHANTS, No. 78, North Levee, St. Louis. Mo. Orders for Groceries and Manufactured Article? accu rately filled at lowest possible rate. Consignment for ale anl re ship rue tit respectullr nolicited. Shipments of all kinds will be faithfully attended to. Beferrences : Messrs. O IT Rea 4t Co St. Louis Birtlett. McComb 4 Co ' do Gilbert, Mile & Stannard do ITon. W II Bufflngton. AnditorState of Missouri J Q Harmon. Esq. Cairo City, III. Messrs ilolonr, Bro s &Co' Kew Orleans, Lonisiana J D Jackson. Ksq., Messrs llinkle Guild & Co, F Ttittnmar & Co Brandell &. Crawford Woodruff & Iluntlcgton, It- Billinff. F.sq., May 12, liS53 45-3m do d Cincinnati, O. 1 Louif-rille. Ky. Mobile. Ala. Beardstown.Iil. A. D. KIRK, Attorney at taw, Land Agrcat and Xotarj Public. Rulo, Richardson Co., .V. T. Will practice in the C.uirtrnf oist.debraska.a Xriir lintrnd P.ennett .ebrnkr Pitr. IS HAM UEAVIS, ATTOMEY AT LAW, UF.AL ESTATE AGENT, Falls Uity, Richardson County. Nebraska. Wi Icre prompt attenti n tn all professional hosi dcfs intrasted to bis rare in Richardson and adjoining countier; also to the drawing of deeis, pre-emption pa per StC c. May 13. '68 n4G-6m A. W. ELLIOTT, SEED DEP 0 T, Cor. Broadway and Yf'nsli Street. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. n.ivinjr purchased tbe entire nursery stock of Jchn Sipgersook. Bro.,1 am prepared to offer to tbe public tbe largest and best selected stock of Fruit Shade, and Ornamental taees, shrubs and plants ever offered for sale in tbe West. We ?re determined to offer sncb in dncements to tree planters and the tra!c ai will ensure tbe mot entire satisfaction. Descriptive catalopnes. will be furnished, and any information ?iven. lv adilrcssing, A. W. ELLIOTT. Saint Louis, Mo. Xovp mhr-r 35. 'S3-Ty. MORTON -HOUSE, MAIN STREET, SEBHASKA CITY, SEBKASCA. T. I. GODDIN, Proprietor. September. 29. 1S:9. Important to Farmers. Mers. Jamc ChaHenit Son Pnhliahen" Philadel phia will send any Agricultural Work published in America, postpaid, on receipt of the retail price. alal Miscellaneous. Planting ana C'JUlTatlng Fruit Trcc3. . The spirit of Horticulture seems to be every day increasing in the minds of our people, prompted, as it were by the re quirements of our nature. The dispo sition to persevere in improving, beauti fying and planting fruit trees, and to pro mote fruit culture, h everywhere appar ent. Every successive - planting' season is often followed by disappointment, until the farmer is almost ready to give up in despair, and say that it is all vanity. And why is this disappointment; why do not our trees grow, thrive, and bear fruit, when our climate and the soil of the coun try affords unequalled facilities for the cultivation of fruit, (which is the most natural, healthful, daintiest and cheapest element of human food ?) And no one accustomed to live where it is plentiful, is willing to be without this luxury. Be cause a good orchard improres our home steads, and its immediate surroundings create a love of home, from which we could not part without the greatest reluc tance. The reason we are without these luxuries may be summed up simply thus : In the first place ; the trees most gener ally planted, are bought from unreliable sources that is from tree pedlres who traverse the country from place to place, professing to be agents of some reliable establishment with no authority for the same, and with the help of their, gener ally, very fluent language, palm on the unsuspecting farmer the refuse trees of some Eastern nursery, which they buy at a nominal price, ship them to the west ern country, regardless of the varieties that are suited to our climate. This is a matter of the greatest importance, in fact, it should be the first object that should be considered when making a se lection of the varieties of fruit trees for an orchard. Secondly, when the trees are deliver ed into the possession of the farmers they are generally shrivelled up and not in proper order to plant. , I have seen trees delivered in this neighborhood, the past season, that would require more skill than the celebrated Downing was possessed of to get them into a healthy condition. Thirdly, when, by chance, they are de livered in a tolerable condition, they are not properly planted and cultivated. How often do we see young trees entirely choaked with turf, grass, sod and weeds of every size and description. The trees in a sickly state dwindle away and die for ihe want of nourishment, and properly cultivated soil for the roots to extend their fine spongy fibres. The question now arises, how are these evils to be remedied? First, make your purchases of trees from reliable nurseries, from good, honest nurserymen. And if you are not acquainted with the varieties yourself, you may rely on his selection. He will not send out inferior trees, or trees that are not the varieties that he represents them to be, when his reputa tion is at stake ; but will forward them true to name, and in good condition. He will send the varieties best adapted to the climate. There is another drawback in the cul tivation of fruit, a mistaken notion of the time required for young trees to com mence bearing. But this error is fast disappearing before good cultivation. It is a well known fact that bad treatment will long reiard the growth and conse quently the bearing of fruit trees. But give them, for a few years, a mellow, clean and fertile soil, and you will soon see vigorous shoots, and expanding bran ches, bending to the ground under their copious loads of fruit. Give your young trees the care you bestow on your ordi nary farm crops, and you cannot fail to succeed. When we are about planting an orchard, the location is the first in im portance. Select dry Jand, free from springs and stagnant water. The soil should be mellow, firm and deep, and of good quality. Wet, sterile soil is excee d ingly unfavorable. It not only lessons the quantity, but considerably injures the quality. In order to get the land in a proper condition for planting, it should be dressed with well decomposed ma nure, and loosened from IS to 20 inches deep, with a subsoil plov The manur ing being done prerious to the subsoiling. in order to obtain a thorough admixture of the soil and manure. It is preferable to have this done in the Fall, where plan ting is intended to be done in the Spring. The surface should be left as rough as possible, so that the inorganic matter con tained in the soil, and manure, which con stitutes the food of the plants, be thorough ly incorporated together. It will then be exposed ia the best possible way to the action of the atmosphere and all gasses therein contained detrimental to the ex tension of the fine fibrous roots of the plants be removed before the planting season is commenced. The ngor of the elements will likewise destroy myriads of insects in the form of eggs and larva, which so often commit such depredations on our trees, and have entirely Jcft the, ground. It may be harrowed down for the convenience of working. Now pro ceed to mark out the ground according to the. distance required for the varieties of trees you are about to plant, placing a mark where each hole is to be made for the reception of the roots, which if made to range every way, will have a very pleasing effect, will admit the currents of air and the sun's influence more effec tually, and make the orchard still more convenient for tillage. The proper dis tances, if for standard apple trees, is 30 feet ; pyramids on apple stocks, 12 feet ; dwarfs on doucainor Paradise stocks, 10 feet; standard pears, 20 feet; pyramids on pear stocks, 12 feet ; dwarfs on the quince stock, 10 to 12 feet; peaches 12 feet ; standard cherries 15 feet ; dwarfs 8 feet ; standard plumbs 15 feel ; dwarfs, 10 feet. The, holes should be opened from three to four feet in diameter, and from IS inches to two feet in depth. Fill the hole up within a couple of inch es to the level of the surface with rich surface soil, mixing in a small quantity of the refuse of a charcoal pit or leached ashes. Raise a small knoll in in the center, on which place the tree about to be planted. I would here wish to impress on the mind of the planter to be particular and expose the roots to the sun and dry winds as little as possible. Many trees are de stroyed, before the tree is planted. Ex amine the roots; see if their extreme ties are bruised, and if they should be, take a sharp knife and cut off the bruis ed part, always cutting from the lower side upward, which will give the root the best chance to heal before decay sets in. Place the tree upon that mound, spread out the root in the most natural ptsi t ion for their growth. While the hole is being filled up with soil, give the tree a gentle shake, up and down, so that the soil will come in contact with all the mi nutest fibres; then pcur on a pailful of water, which' will settle the soil and roots together; press it gently with the foot, raise the s. il abound the tree, about six inches above the level of the ground; cover the whole with an inch or two of charcoal as a mulch,-Avhich will keep the ground moist and prevent the young trees from suffering by drouth. The trees be ing thus planted, and secured from the disaster, of every kind, by every means his skill can devise. But the whole is not yet accomplished. There is one more duty yet to be performed, which if ne glected would render the whole cf the labor already done in vain, that is after culture. For of all the thousands of trees that are annually planted in all parts of country. I may safely say that more los ses are received by the neglect of this most important point than by all other (errors. Could we reasonably expect our fruit trees to thrive and flourish, be they ever 'so healthy when planted, when a crop of grass and weeds consume all the moisture that was provided for the roots cf the trees? We most assuredly would not expect any of our ordinary field crops were they left uncared for, to repay the cost of sowing. And by what reason can we expect our fruit trees to repay us un der such treatment ? Most hoed crops may, with advantage be planted between the rows of trees ; such as potatoes, turnips, carrots, beets. &c, which will pay the cost of cultiva tion. But corn, although a hoed crop, should not be planted between them, as it grows too tall, shading the young trees too much from the action of the sun, and impeding a due circulation of air, which causes the ripening of the wood to be accomplished too late in the season ; thus endangering the tree to be killed by the frost. The influence of good culture on fruit is almost incredible to persons un acquainted with the nature of fruit. It is larger, finer grained, and the flavor con siderably improved. Whereas, withbad culture, no estimate of the true charac ter of fruit can be made. In order to attain to this high state of development, judicious pruning is indispensable. This operation has two objects which must at ail times be kept in view. The first is to promote vigor and luxuriance in the shoots and branches cf the young trees, and to keep a well balanced head. The other is to check the sap. Ia order to ob tain fruit in fullness.it must be commenc ed while the tree is in its infsncy, and by carefully watching the growth cf thetrte and removing all supurfluous shoots the tree might be put in any form required by the cultivator. By an over abundance in quantity cf wood, the bearing wood is robbed cf part cf its sustenance; the roots arc exhausted, and the natural life cf the tree ia unnecessarily shortened, whilst the superflaons wool endangers the tree, by giving the winds additional power over it; retaining dampness; pro moting blights ; affording shelter for in sects; preventing free circulation cf air; and rendering the greater portion of the tree worthless. The outer branches only can bear fruit. Trees thus neglected ac quire a stunted habit, and the fruit can not be but of very inferior quality. These considerations ought to induce every cul tivator of fruit to make u thorough inves tigation of their orchards, and when it is found necessary, thin out ail irregularly placed branches, and all unfruitful shoots, always cutting thera close to the parent stem. Old orchards may be renovated and brought to a good state of cultivation by the addition of root pruning. Th mode of this operation ii, digging a trench two or three feet wide, and from three to four feet from the body of the tree ; cutting all the roots that have the least tendency to grow downward, as well as those under the tree.- So that all roots that have penetrated into unfriendly soil are effectually removed from the tree. Throw out the whole cf the soil contain ed in the said trench, replacing it by en riched soil. Placing all the roots in a hor izontal direction upon it, U3 they invari ably draw the, sap from the extreme points. This pruning will compel ths roots placed horizontally, to exert them selves, and throw out fresh fibres and collect a more congeneal sap for the sup port of the tree, and displace the crude tissue which heretofore remained as food for the tree. There is cot a more pow erful agent for producing canker and dis eases which trees are subject to, than de ceudingrpots, penetrating to the told, sterile soil, inhaling vitiated crude mois ture, causing a derangement cf the cir culation of the fluids, which in its turn causes canker and the attack of .insects, and promote the growth cf lichens and moss on the trunk. When trees show these indications of disease, the great evil generally lies at the root. The cause of the disease must be found out and re moved, and these symptoms will very soon disappear. There is a process to which recourse is made too often with diseased trees. That is scraping the rough bark. The invention being to remove the harbor of destructive insects. 'Tis true that it is a harbor for insects to deposit their eggs. But on an examination cf these eggs, it will be found that they consijt only of the eggs and larva of spiders, &c, not known to be materially injurious to vegetation, and should any peculiar idea call for their destruction it can easi ly be effected without injuring the bark The scraping of the bark is totally inef ficient. As to the removing of destructive in sects, such as borers, which hare their habitation under the inner bark, and con sequently scraping off the rough bark will do more harm than good, by depriving the inner bark, and the tree of their natural protection their only shield from heat and cold. For fear I am making this article too long for one number of your paper I will close, but propose to continue the subject in my next. E. II. BURCHES. In Act To encourage Agricultural Pursuits in the Territory of Nebraska. Sic. 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House cf Representatives cf the The Territory cf Nebraska, That, for the purpose of aiding agricultural pur suits in this Territory, the sum cf three hundred dollars be, and the same is here by appropriated out of the territorial treasury, and annually thereafter, sub ject to the order of ths President and Secretary cf the Territorial Board cf Agriculture, said amount to be used in the payment of premiums awarded by said Board in the various branches of agriculture, and for no ether purpose. Sec. 2. That should the Board fail any year to offer and award premiums for the encouragement of agricultural pursuits, then the benefits of thi3 act shall not be available that year. Sec 3. This act shall ta!ce effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved January 12, 1SC0. A question for discussion was brought before a down east Lyceum. "Can a big roaa .:h? harder than a littia man." A correspondent cf th2 Valley Fartxtr inquires whether there is any adranui j-j ia feeding Charccai to steel: cr fit:;r.i:::; hogs ? If any, what cr how 1 ar.I ho-v t feed it? A heg is a veracious eater, and if it canhave access to foci, cf whatever kind, will eat until the capacity cf its stomach will aimit cf ca rnc:?. T'.is ii a natural consequence, as in c. r citing cf the human subject, tends to prcl-jca deranged digestion. Charccai exerts a powerful eS'ect ia csrrecticg th.3 jutr:i teniercycf th? contents ci this gc-rjsi a t-a. it;:ich: Azl nhen to swine not orer-fed, it tend !: maintain a healthy state cf tha system. Instances are cn record, where p:s and chickens haTe, by accdent, been con fined for sereral weeks in out-hcu323,find when discovered had I:st but little Cssi. and the only lubstanca within their reach that could possibly serve them as food was charccai. If charccai contains no nu triment, strictly sseakintr.it is in its char acter nearly pure carbon. When eaten by animals the carbonaceous matter serves ia connection 'with the oxygen cf thp ti mojchere. to sustain heat, and the vitali ty of the system, when without the char coal the fat cf the animal would bo ex hausted in the same way in its stead. We have cften fed it to all kinds cf do mestic fowls and to swine, with the great est advantage in keeping up a healthy condition of the system. . How to Fsxd it: It should ba pul verized, and mixed in small proportion, with corn meal and water. Valley Far mer. Care cf Brcc'dirAr,ln:l3. Breeding animah, ia winter, require special care and attention. They not only need food sufficient to sustain their own organization unimpaired, but an in creased quantity for the support and de velopment cf the foetus, while it sustains this mysterious union with its parent. Breeding animals, cf whatever kind, should have a good supply cf nutritious food, properly prepared, a3 well as shelter during stormy weather. A breeding an imal, if neglected, exposed to cold storms, and poorly fed, will bring forth but poor, stunted young, which will be -hardly worth the cost of raising, while the very life of the mother may be endangered by being reduced in flesh and strength. This is particularly true cf .cows; and yet many farmers, because their cows are dried off, let them shirk for themselves, thinking that because they give no milk, rich food is unnecessary. Dairy cows should be well sustained through the winter, and more particular ly those with calf, for their value for milk the following season depends upon the treatment they received during the win ter. March is a trying time upon cattle that have been neglected. ; It.is a crying sin for a farmer to neglect his cow3 so as to let them get upon "the lift," in tho Spring. Cows in this condition will servo but a very poor purpose in supplying tha family with milk during the best part cf the season, besides the inferior character of the calf brought forth under fuch cir cumstances. Both the cow and the calf will require to be the better pcrtion cf the summer in good pasture, to regain tha flesh that they should haro had at ths opening cf Spring. Horsc3 ani Cattle ia tlie TTcrll An illustrated natur.nl history cf tho animal kingdom has just been published by S. G. Goodrich. It has 2AQ0 en-ra- vings. It is a highly useful work- Among other information abounding ia it, it contains the following, which is an es- mate cf the number cf horses ia various parts cf the world, From this we extract the following: The general estimate has been frcrn 8 to IS horses in Europe to every hun dred inhabitants. Denmark has 45 horses for every hundred inhabitants, which is more than any other Eropean country. Great Britain and Ireland have 5.5CO.- 000 horses. France has 3.0C0.0C0. Austrian Empire, exclusive cf Italy. 2,600,000. Russia has 3,500,000 - The United States have 5,000,000 horses, which is more than any European country; the horses cf the whole world are estimated at 57,420,000. Russia has 20,000,000 cattle. Great Britain and Holland have 9,000,- 000. Austria has 19,000,000 France his 8,000,000. United States have 22.C00.0CO. . The whole world is estimated to con tain 218.0C0.C00. It is supposed that one-third cf them are killed annually, so, tnat we have about 250,000,000 lis. 70.- 000.000 skins, .140.000,000 horns, 2SO,- 000,000 feet annually to be converted into beef, tallow, leathetr combs, manure he. : ' The editor cf the Eulltliji applied ccal ashes to an old sward is here nothing but white weed, Jcc, had grown before, tnd it gave two fine crops of grass; applied it to land for potatoes, and it produced a' large crop, perfectly free from disease; applied it to sweet corn and other vege tab bies in the garden and it gave them a fine growth and good color. Sewing machines have been introduced into some of cur female seminaries, and instruction is given thereon. A new process cf making paper f rem African plants is ia operation at Bordt nux and Marseilles, France, by which CO per cent, is saved. .
