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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (June 3, 1898)
MANAGING RAILROADS INTERESTING DISCUSSION OF A BIG SUBJECT. Hon. XI. R. Ingalls. President of tho Ulg Four Railroad, Presents Some Important Facta That Will Interest AU. Hon. M. E. Ingalls, one of the great est authorities on railway matters, read a highly valuable paper at tho recent convention of railway commis sioners held In Washington. D. C. His wise words will be read with Interest by all. The convention was called for the purpose of considering questions of great Interest both to the railways and the people of the United States. Mem bers cf the Association of American Railway Accounting Officers were also present and were invited to take part In the discussion. Chas. J. Bindley of Illinois, was chairman of the conven tion. Ohio was represented by Rail road Commissioner R. 3. Kahler and Chief Clerk Ed II. Archer. P. A. Hew itt, auditor of the Big Four, was one of the railway accountants present. Mr. Ingalls' address Is here given ns being a semi-official expression of tho views held by railway managers generally, and as being also of general interest to tho public at large: ''Mr. Chairman nnd Gentlemen: I am very much obliged for this opportunity of addressing you. 1 understand I have In my audience the members of the Inter state commerce commission and tho gen tlemen composing the various tallwuy . .. ■ k. (.< HON. M. n INGALIJS. PRESIDENT OP THE "BIG FOUR." commissions of (he different slates. It Is a body that Is supposed to stand as an arbiter between railroads and the people, as a friend of both; a body that ought to and does have great Influence, and espe cially In reference to legislation regard ing railroads. If tht* audience should agree upon any legislation In that respect that was needed, I presume there would he no difficulty In Inducing yondpr con gress to enact It Into law, and believing as I do that It Is essential to the public in terest to secure legislation, I am pleased to have this opportunity of presenting my views and endeavoring to enlist you fn the reforms which I think are ao vital. We have reached a crisis In railway man agement when something must be done If we would avoid disaster, not alono to the railways, but to the material inter ests of our country. "For 30 years a contest has been waged In legislatures. In congress, and before the courts, by the people on one side who believed that railways were public cor porations and subject to control by the power that created them; and, on the other hand, by officials of the railways, who did not believe that such control was legal or practicable. Btate after state asserted Its right. These rights were con tested from one court to another, and decided from time to time always In favor of the people, under certain restrictions. It finally culminated In 1«S7 In the enact ment of the Interstate commerce law, and since then there has been hardly a day when some provision of that law was not under consideration by the courts or by congress, until now we may state It la as fairly settled by the highest courts In tho land that the legislatures of the states have control over railways with refer ence to their local business, subject to certain conditions, and that the congress of the United States has the power to regulate Interstate business. The supreme court of the United States, which Is tho highest arbiter of these differences, has Just decided that such control of the states, or regulation, must he reasonable, and that rates cannot be reduced below Where tho railroads can earn expenses and a fair return upon «-fWAst. r. AjTRgu'.'ay managers hail accepted the ® son neuron, and were endeavoring to obey it Tlterstate commerce law and adapt 4, Aiefr&msnagement to It when. In March, decision was rendered by the su VI ,rW ■ court which produced chaos and | f, fiajdToyed all agreements It was prac ^brtJhluy that the Sherman anti-trust law, 'Vq/^^called. which it had not been supposed A/^FPhed to railways, did apply to them, v^tud under the construction of that law ^Abtgiy the court It was practically Impossible Wto make any agreements or arangemcma ,Tr for thn maintenance of tarlfT». In the y lilt brought agalnat the Joint Traffic V usgoolatlon In New Vork. this view has been combated by the railways and It may be modified by th* courts. "It is well, perhaps, that we should look the situation fairly In th* fa. *, and whllv I do not care to be an alarmist. I feat bound to dcsi-rilwi plainly to you the condition today, so that you may umler atand the necessity for action Never In Ilia history of railways hsvs tariffs been so lltlts respected as today 1‘rtvata nr raltgetnsnia and understandings at* mom plentiful than regular ratsa Tha larg-r abb1 pe' * th* trreaponsthl* shippers ar* obtaining advanlagea which must leaner or latar prove the ruin of tha smaller and mar* conasrsailva traders. and In th* end Will break up many of th* commer rial houses In this country and ruin tha railways. A maduees seems to have e*igad Upon son* railway managers, ami a targe portion of the freight* of the country or being carried at pries# far be low coal i'liter than the maintenance of tariffs lb* tuollilost of th* railways la goad theu phyat al condition baa bean improved their tram* at* Well managed and the potdb la well reread If a way tea ha round by wht h tariffs can be maintained and tha pc* tha if mret r*. bataa and pat*ata *>«us t* ■*—- -■twuirl. tba fslsn wit hava great p< >•<*■ fur railway tw*aatar% railway b,r. and lira potdk generally And hat* I wi*n to . tar that ibla t# not a t<mnm whth 1 awaaaana railway la*aa*»*s ahaa If it | • as pod mtaht ear let lb- m hghl |l awl ' It asMtawrua a**f ee l aka** every | *aa *t#e tba great puWt on* an a *| WiSf yc CM era Neil. • . 1 it . ■ t ler ] railways all bat aa lUffbuyaa or uayiei*a sf •Masfkbdns tbal a* •>%*•*< in fur ataiimg swppliaa tw tba <*Ma«y« ran any body tmltta- pscspwt d •*. Mt» a* j 14# a amber m akffrdhM t« a b.m«w t net g matt.g mansy * Tba yadbsn »»r»* m, pwktk hr aw auMty way* Iff*' thnii pr < ' kgUp py , towel > »I*IW »**•• With lire ] prupstny and «ralsfl •! Wt m *>r . people. One thousand millions of dollars were paid out last year by the railways from their earnings to employes of man ufactories In this country; 511.000.000 of passengers were carried; 13,000 millions were carried one mile; 745,000.000 of tons of freight were moved: 96.000 millions of tons were moved one mile. Do you think that any Interest performing such Immense service as this can be In difficulty and the balance of the country not feel It? Porty millions of dollars were paid out for public taxes. Over three thousand millions of dollars that have boen Invest ed in railways have earned no dividend for years. This Is not ‘water’, as some populist orator will say. but good, honest money. These securities are held all through the land, and their failure to pay any return has brought disgrace up on us abroad and suffering and want In many a family and community at home, e e • • • • • "One of the chief difficulties with the law as It stands today Is that the pun ishment for private contracts and rebates Is entirely out of proportion to the ofTonse. Tho Imprisonment clause was put In as an amendment to the Interstate c<*rn merco law, and I believe the commission and everyone who has watched Its work ings will agree with rae that It has been a failure; more than a failure, that It has caused perhaps more demoralisation than anything else. The public has not believed In It; It has been Impossible to secure conviction; It has prevented tho railway official who desired to be honest from complaining of hls competitor whom he thought was dishonest. In fact, It has been what every law Is that Hi not sup ported by puMlc sentiment—-a failure. What, in fact, Is the manner of conduct ing business today? The railway official who desires to be honest and law-abiding sees traffic leave hls line and finds th«* freight that lie was carrying hauled to the warehouse of hls rival, the earnings of hls line decreasing and complaints from the management of loss of earnings, and In tho distance he sees looming up the loss of hls position. At tho same time, the shipper who desires to obey tho law sees some rival selling merchan dise to his customers at prices ho cannot meet, and ha knows very well that he Is securing concessions from pome railway tp enable him to do this. Tho railway agent and tho shipper who wish to obey tbe law sit down together and look It over. What relief Is there for them? They can complain of their rlvuls, possi bly convict them under the Interstate commerce law and send them to the pen- i ltentlary. but such action would bring down upon them the condemnation of tAo public and would ruin Ihclr business; for. mm I stated before, tht, public does not be lieve In this severs feature of the law, and will not support anyone wbo enforces It. The result Is, these men, In despair, aro driven to do Just what their opponents are doing—they become lawbreakers themselves. I havo drawn no fancy pic mi'. , ii in nuai » wu uiuiib around you. “Is It wise, Is it broad statesmanship, to leave a business as large as that of the railway:i-ono In which one-ilfth, at least, of our population is engaged, one which affects the comfort and happiness of nine-tenths of the people—Is it wise to leave It outside of the law? It is said that the most expensive occupation to the community is thut of the burglar, k« has to spend so much time and destroy bo much to get ho little. Is It worth while to force the great railway interests of the country into the same position? “Who opposes this legislation? First, certain people who desire the government to own and operate tho railways. Sec ond, others who wish that the Interstate railway commission should make all rates. Third and lastly, certain railway managers who are oppos'd to any and ill legislation and who object to any con trol, and believe that they should bo left 2titlrely alone. • e • e • • • "All of us who have any Interest in our X)untry, who desire Its prosperity, are In iereated in tne solution of this great luestion. It is not a time for the dema gogue to howl about corporations. It is lot a time to talk about the wrongdoings )f railway managers. There are aftvays jome, In any business, who will not do dght, anti th»*re always will be, but the treat mass of railway managers to-day, I insure you, are as honestly seeking a so lution of this question as are you or any member of the legislative body. I be lieve I voice the belief of & very large majority of them that the two provis ions I have mentioned are necessary and will lead to the settlement of this ques tion. If this body will Join and heartily Indorse this course and work for It, Its accomplishment can be attained. We have unwittingly in this country applied to railway laws that It was never in tended should be applied to transporta tion companies of this nature. We have gone back and taken decisions that were wise a hundred years ago, when civiliza tion was in its infancy and when the masses needed certain protection, and have endeavored to apply these same principles to the great transportation in terests of modern times. The courts, un fortunately. have followed in that line. Every business man. every statesman, knows that It is a mistake, that we have here an immense interest such as the world has never seen, and the principles which should govern it must be worked out In harmony with the age and tho needs of this country. There should be no friction between the interstate commerce commission and the railway's: there should be none between the state com missions and the railways. There has been too much of a feeling with these bodies that the railways were against t* A HKV’KTT ih.m In Ik* <?«»•*»» nuk r*it»»»* In • h* H«t>, il«* • umailaaiunri* !,*.« -trill •4 •*** t..m*nh*l from ike lk«» *u«M »“ «« lk*l l* in** •k-ul-l k* lit* Iftomlr «f in* ■*i!«t in in •i«*4 »t '»<«* MlflM. *M .h-iM *1 in k- wHii ik« ri»r«i i*kt«utiM<i *n4 ik« (*lt**»* In 1‘irn, thniMl im Ik- r »>**,. |wrl •« «n*k* «u* h IrtkltiMi | k*ll*»* II **« k* 4un* In n» M|«| »*, tk*n k» Ik* liw m*ikn>| I k*»* tmni* l an! rt*»l Ik* *1 Ik* . rim n*l w » ->n. m-iunO. *atkurn> i* e*-i**- i «M 4i.ll* hi<i»n Klimt «ni -I ik«tn ■wM k* *4 **-«i *4»*««**-' knl •* -.*#*» I* k#»* U,<k T*i*** *u- 4h«uh| **• k i-*!•«•!«*• •* nUI mn l«i-4 Hr Ik* i* mm**l*iHrn* m l «»4*<« *1 ik* In*.«> . .. , «»*. |H*I**4 at It*!*# 1* b***k Ik* «mn.»**mn Ik* t*n*«i -«* «t« .wi W* •* ». *.1 i> -i- .1- ...4 m.k* Urn -m rnimimn if* *M mi *«* u ** * k-.i*«»k at 4i.-..#lh M ■«**■»•* *<«-• Hr Mm 41*14* b» I 4l km k *k- II la at |.i .a- !-'.*■ 4 IMMi* ««nnn*nilt •***'.»' tk.m. photographs Can Be Taken of an Enemy’s Works While the Kite is Suspended. Communication from war ship to warship will soon be as easy as carry ing on a conversation between two military posts on land, and by ths same electrical moans, the telephone. The English naval authorities have just tested with great success a sug gested novelty In the way of communi cation at sea which promises to ren der obsolete the present methods >t signaling. Commander R. G. O. Tuppor of the Royal Navy experimented with a "kite telephone." The kite used was of the regulation sort, except that It was mi nus a tall. It was six feet long and three feet wide at the broadest point. In place of the tail the kite carried two lines, one of which was retained on board the Daring, the Instructional torpedo boat destroyer, from which the experiments were conducted. With the wind between the two lines re ferred to It was found that the kite was so easily managed that It was no trick at all to drop letters or even a hawser Into another ship, and In this way establish communication. 2 COD CUT Following this experiment came one with a wire. The end of the wire which the kite bore away from ths ship was dropped upon the deck of H. M. 8. Dauntless, where It was secured by the electrician of the ship and at tached to a telephone apparatus In waiting. The other end, which hail remained aboard the Daring, was also attached to a telephone, and as scon as the task was completed the two ships were In perfect communication. The kite remained suspended, secured by two lines, for more than four hours, during which the communication be tween the Daring and the Dauntless was uninterrupted. slderable height than one which may float at the top of the mainmast, or bo waved from the summit of a hill. Add to those facta this latest development, the kite as a telephone wire carrier, and the Indications of a limitless fu ture are plain. Experiments with kites at Governor's island In New York harbor have con clusively proven that It Is possible to ■end up a camera from Inside the lines of one army—the camera being at tached to a kite—and take an accurate photograph of the Intrenchmenta or po sition of the enemy thereby, and to learn In fairly accurate fashion of their number. On several occasions this year In New York photographs have been taken of parados In this fashion, and with the very best possible re sults. To suggest that this could be done fifteen months ago would have provoked derision. There Is lust as much reason for not regarding the telephonic kite flying experiment with credulity as there would have been for decrying the other. The results of the English experiment, even though they have Just become known, have already created no little talk In United Staves naval circles. — -- RinokfleM Pirn. The Berlin correspondent of the London Times has given some partic ulars of a new Invention by one Carl Wegener, which has for Its object the elimination of smoko from a furnace, accompanied by a notable saving In the consumption of coal. The success of the system depends upon feeding the furnace with powdered coal, In stead of the "well-screened" lumps which hitherto have been regarded a3 the most advantageous form of such I -»•• II'HI'II' --J TELEPHONING BY MEANS OK KITES BETWEEN SHIPS. The achievement is only evidence of what electricians of the navy, of both England and the I'nlted States, have long held to be possible. They have declared that there was no reason wny communication of this sort should not be established between chips a few hundred feet apart, If the weather were at alt pleasant. Of course, In a gale It would be impracticable. The esperyneut that was made by the officers of the Daring and tho Dauntless had another valuable resul’. It showed that It Is possible to ar range for a n>*w system of signals from one ship to another that would be greatly superior to any flag system which could be conceived If the tele phone wire inn be arranged In this manner, there Is no reason why tele graphic communication can not ;•# made In a similar fashion In this case an operator aboard th* flagship could carry on a reaver tat Ion wtih his fellow -operator aboard one of the fleet without 4'lPculty The idmtral'a or ■levs coutu be easily transmuted front time to time, and often avoid what is now runaPtered necessary boat servl * It aught he thought that th* flying of a hits ua t»r th* * ilicumctm >■ wuiitt be a matter of uttsms difficulty, tut Wits flying under the IV*«t ne >t» ha* become a science What us»d u ' Imp * schoolboys spout has t w h* umi I a suefset of study by professional atsr, and It seems unite tlhety that tgfu?* loag etsn greater rs«sll« a ill bs ib lain* dthaa has sver h<sa the «**# at hutmsst h t< a tw»#a* «f signaling th# hit# ts flrntiy bstl'V-l not i nly by nav it 'St eer*. hot thus ■! th# stilt, In Its fraught With g**at Imports* * w rs the fistula I* -onst-tefed It |# #| cot r — very mu h sailer for a stgsssl I try We s#vh that tg -»*>*** I In y cosy fuel. The coal dust Is fed Into the fire from a container In front by means of a tube which terminates In a revolv ing sieve. This sieve Is kept In mo tion by the draught, and has the ef fect of scattering the fuel over the fur nace In such a way that It Is at once Inflamed without smoke and with very little ash. Coal of comparatively low quality ran be economically used In this powdered form, and the only drawback to the process seems to be the necessity fur using a separate ma chine for the grinding of the mol to powder On the other hand, the slack or dust which forms a necessary by product of the coal Industiy will find here a Held for employment which will tm much appreciated by owners of mines and merchants generally. tt««* !*«>• to t'uaxs In Hpaln the people take no note of time, not even from Its loss. Kvery thing la to be done wauaua. tomorrow V wealth) Kngllthmsii. who had long lived In Htntn. had a lawsuit, lie ! pleaded hta rauae in person, and know. Ing the customs uf the country, wan hta rase Th* victory coat him threo j da)* of trouble and es pease, so that when the judge • ottgrstulaisd htsa on , hta su><nr he replied “Yen, that's all right, hut It has met me litres days, and time la money I am a huay man. end then* three days are lust forever "* Oh you Knglivh' ' answered the Judge, cuts are always say Ing that time is nteney II -a are you to get y >ur three days M t' I wilt tell you take them out of nett week surety them are plenty m**m days to come1"* The I B’ve st* of «V ul'g a ml la he the 1stg st «<l i# > Mansi >«*p r% iton tn the world it svnmtges metre than Irr*i st> d*w* ssnws’ly PRIVATEERING. If Spain, in her puny wrath, permits that unbusinesslike and unjust form of warfare known as privateering, the consensus of opinion among the pow ers Is that she will get altogether the worst of the bargain. . . A flrst-clasB privateering equipment Is rather an expensive affair In the first place, and there are so many risks to be run and such danger of oapture and demolition that the chances are as about fifty to one that the offender would be brought up with a round turn, stripped of the munitions and ensigns of warfare and popped Into prison, there to ruminate on the vicissitudes of human affairs and tho rhanges that have taken place since the days when Captain Kidd made his record and when thousands of bold and adventur ous spirits mannod ships, cracked skulls, cut off heads, meanwhile lustily rhoutlng the old song, "Pull many a year, a pirate bold, I've sailed tho Span* tsh main." A Spanish privateer must be ex tremoly well posted In these days to successfully carry out his nefarious en terprise. He will need not only a small arsenal at his belt, but a certified bill of lading to give him Information as to the articles he geeks, and wheth er they are American or belonging to some other tribe or nation. Of the enormous amount of foreign goods brought to this country but a mere trifle comes in American bottoms. For example: "In January, out of c. total value of lmporta of $50,825,721, American bottoms carried only $8,711, 593. and out of exports valued at $108, 753,524, only $5,155,544 In value were taken out under the American flag. The figures for February tell the eame of $53,118,736, American ships brought j only $9,270,058, and of exportations of i $93,317,202, only $4,442,327 wan under our flag. Of the exports In February carried In American bottoms only $1, 029,066 were to Europe and Asia, and the Imports so carried from those con tinents were valued at $4,339,184. The European and Asiatic countries with whom tho largest trade was carried on under the American flag are France, the United Kingdom. China and Brit ish Ea3t Indies and Japan.” Our waters are full of foreign craft that find It to their advantage to bring in all sorts of wares to our shores and take hack such articles as their trade demands. The trade with Cuba has been something enormous. Of course, this U largely cut off. In 1S93, Cuban Imports and exports were valued at nearly $100,000,000. In 1896, the trade had dropped off about one-half; the present year’s business shows a still further reduction. This Cuban trade was largely done with American vessels. Of course, everything Amer ican being now barred, recourse must bo bad to foreign handling for what ever we may receive from Cuba during the continuance of the war. The best authorities are of the opin ion that If Spain undertakes to sift out goods Intended for the American trade, from the groat hulk of commer cial products, she will And that she has a greater Job than she bargained for. Domestic trade, that Is, the coast trade, she cannot possibly Interfere with. In the event of any attempt to do so, all articles can bo put upon the railways. In January, 1898, merchan dise actually handled by railroad cars and land vehicles amounted to nearly $6,000,000. The transportation by wa ter was something over $5,000, 000. The shipments were made by land to Mexico and by way of tho Canadian Pacific railroad. It would bo the work of a very short time in case privateering became annoying to transfer to foreign ship ping whatever goods Americans de sired to handle. It is, therefore, easy to see that Spain is reckoning with out her host, and in the event of her be coming particularly Insistent or saucy and interfering with foreign vessels, she would be quite likely to receive n rebuke that would, to say the least convey a lasting Impression. Wlrrlm Telegraphy. In the attempt to turn "wireless tel egraphy "to practical account and make It a commercial success.Mr W J. Clarke of New York has produced an ap paratus for sending and receiving tel egraphic signals without wires, which Is to be placed upon the market. Where for any reason it Is desired not to use Morse sly nals, a special receiver Is provided, wh’eh Is furnished either with a vibrating bell, or with an In- ! candescent lamp, the tatter enabling the person who receives the meweags to read it visit illy. Inasmuch as Mar coni's cmeiimrnt* have shown that telegraphic signals rtn already be sent I ten miles, or more, without wires. M Is hoped that the new system will have j a rapid development — peels kSeeS ttoholks. A pamphlet entiled Facts About I ttmallpo* and Vac. I sal leva ' has been Issued hy the council of the Hi dish Medical *a». letion giving sUttatlre sa to the effeacy af i*< • (nation and 1 showing whal the diminution of gut I taltty has heen slave the lima of bs I [ tee Facts are quoted from the slat is- 1 | live nleu of at her nswlftw as, fee In i stance. at Hr use la. where rigidly en furred end systematic vaccination has 1 practically stamped set staalipoa the Mortality being seven pee |.#ao eves j vheii it la the adjoining issstit if heetvta waste vaneiaattM in hat eom pulwvry II la a*e« t^u j An expedition has Just left Stock holm for Eastern Siberia In search of Mr. Andree and his r°®»aQlon8; The expedition consists of Mr Staa ling, the polar explorer;Dr. ■Nllson. the botanist, and Mr. Frankel. an engineer, one of whose brothers Is A member of the Andree exploring party. Teacher (to a scholar with a verv itrty face>—Jimmy. I think you are )uet about as dirty a* any boy In the city. Jimmy—You‘d ought to see -y my brother. Teacher—Does your bro ther hare a dirty face ofteaer than you do? Jimmy—Well, mother says ahe don't believe lie's washed hla face slnoe he got It—Truth. A Valuable Dictionary. Dally Inter Ocean. Chicago: "Every promise made by the publishers has been fully redeemed. It ie, Indeed, a grand book. . . . That there Is a drift conservative yet real toward tho simpler forms of spelling has been recognized throughout the work.. . See display advertisement of how to obtain tho Standard Dictionary by making a small payment down, the re mainder In installments. "There la nothing more healthful nnd nourishing." said Mr. Sklnnphllnt to his wife, ss he looked over his morning paper—borrowed—and noted the price of wheat, "than good corn bread. See that we have more of It hereafter, will you?”—Chicago Trib une. Importunt l»wn Inventions. Among the subjects of recent appll rattons for patents prepared by u« Is an acetyllne gas generator that may' be small and used as a hand lamp or large to supply a multiplicity of burn ers and located wherever desired T'l-f usual gas holder telescopically con nected with a water tank and valves and valve gearing are dispensed with and the flow of water and gas auto matically regulated by hydrosstaMe n A o d frn a DI>#SUIIII 1*0 Ft I I (large of Prulrle City le the Inventor. An apparatus for Illustrating the ^ phenomena of thunder and lightning mounted on a portable platform gen erates and stores static electricity In an artificial cloud suspended above the platform In such a manner that when a mtnature building Is placed on the platform visible tig tag cur rents will leap from the cloud and make splinters fly from the building ns sharp reports In Imitation of thunder shock me ears of the behold er. W. Dodd and A. D. Struthcrs of Des Moines, Inventors. Valable Information about obtain ing, valuing and selling patents sent free to any address. THOMAS G. & J. RALPH ORWIG. Solicitors of Patents. Iowa Patent Office, Des Moines, Iowr, May 11 1898. Globetrot!e: "Did you ever travel on a personally conducted tour?” Mr. Meeke: "Often,” Gtobetrotle: “Whom did you have for manager usually?” Mr. Meeke: ‘‘lly wife.”—New York Weekly. No-To-lla« for Fifty Cent*. Cuunuiw.fi urfwco hat’ll cute, makes weak men Htrotitf. otoed pur*. K><. (I. All droMrtnl*. If silence Is golden all deaf and dumb persons ought to be million aires. ' ...'■T.- ..-—W." ■' " . .. J What You Get When You Buy Medicine Is a Mat ter of Creat Importance. Do you get that which ha* the power to eradicate from your blood all poisonous taints and thus remove the cause of dis ease? Do you buy HOOD'S Sarsaparilla and only Hood's? If you do, you may take It with the utmost confidence that It will do you good. Remember Hood’s Sarsaparilla Is America’s Greatest Medicine. $1, six for $5. Hood’S Pills cure indigestion. r, cents. Sour Stomach «• Ml « *»« *• ■ ► I * I *m ***** a* *!!*.«* I** i* i*. i,,.**,, Mi U*.* •«* la « w«t a*4 •**,. a«4 *>i k**4 *<■*•4 **4 i a*i »***« i«■■.*** aui la* * ******** I Mai **» Ml *11* **.*«*, a.4 ***** an* ***•*#*!*! n*. *M a a* ikinaaj* 4a* kaaanaa Ml l ******* a* a* U-. a »* ... CWM« CONailPAflUM ... *■■***» **•*» •MM)* *aai■ ■ aa. W* la* ** R0-19-IA8 IttClVliinttXV. *