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About Harrison press-journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1899-1905 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 17, 1903)
r. -1 I, PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.? Te lli Senate anil House of IJeprescuta lives: The country it to W congratulated ' fbe amount of substantial acLiicvemeut hull bus marked th past year both regards our foreign and a regard our ootueslie policy. With a nation a with a man the uioat Important thing are tl:oe of the house hold aud therefore the country is es aecially to I congratulated oh what hail beeu accomplished in the direction of irovidiug tor the exercis of supcrTuuon vrPT th grejt corporations and eonibi estious of corporation S"1 m tersUts commerce. The Cougresa ha created the lepiiruiienl of Couiuien- aud Labor, including the Bureau of Cor- rtioua. with tor the tint time author to secure props-r publicity of such nroceediugs of these great corporsuous as the public haa the nght to know. It bss provided for the expediting of soita for the enforcement of the federal auu truait law; aud b) another law it haa imimi euual treatment to all producers U the trauiiportation of their good, thus taking a long stride forward in uiakiiig effective the work of the Interstate Com merce Commission. The establishment of he Department ef Commerce auC a.aoor. with the Uu reau of Corporation thereunder, marka real advance iu the direction of doing all that i possible for the dilution of the question, vitally affecting capitalists and wage workers. Hie preliminary work ot the Bureau of Corporation in the department has shown the w imJoui f iu crealiou. fuhlicity iu corporate affairs will tcud to do aw-, with iguor suee, and wiii auori facta upon which intelligent may be taken. The Department 'f Commerce and La bor wiii lie not only the Wearing house for Information regarding the business transaction ot the lulum, hut the exccu tive arm of the government to aid lu strengthening our domestic aud foreign ...rt.ty m nerim-tin our transportation facilities, iu building up our mmuum tion or the Attorney titmriil lu the em- marine, in preventing the entrance of ploymrnt of ieci:il counsel aud ageut ndemrable immigrants, in improving jn Department of J not ice to rotidiiet commercial and industrial conditions, and proceedings and prose ntiona under s-uid la bringing together u common ground Ian- iu the count of the United States, those uecesaiy i-nrtiiers iu industrial uo? rtr-oryitieud. an a matter of the ut progrcss capital and labor. j mot importi-ine and nrge-ncy, the extcn- Caunai ual Labor, moo of the purposes of this appropri.i- The consistent poiicy of the ualional liou, no that it tuny ho available, under government, so far a it has the power, the direction of the Attorney General, la to hold iu check the unscrupulous and until used, for the due enforcement man whether employer or employe; but of the laws of the United States iu gen to refuse to w eaken "individual initiative era) and especially of the civil aud crim r tu hamper or cramp the industrial de- innl laws relating to. public lands and velupineul of the country. We recognize the laws relating to postal Crimea and that this U an era of federation and com- offense and the subject of natur iliza biuatiou, in which great capital-slic cor tion. lteceut investigntiona have tdiowa poratiou's and labor unions have bocome a deplorable nt.ite of afTaira in these factors of tremendous importance iu all three matters of vital concern, industrial centers. Hearty recognition i Ry virions frauds and by forsreries given the far-reaching,' beueliieiit work ' and perjuries, thousands of acres of the which hua leeu accomplished through public domain, embracing lnuda of dif bolh corporations and unions, aud tue ferent character mid extending through line as between different corporations, as various rectiou of the coi.ntry, have between diller.ut unions, is drawn as it been dishonestly acquired. It is hardly ia between diUerent individuals; that is, ' necessnry to urge the importance of re it is drawn on conduct, the effort being covering these dishonest acquisitions, to treat both orgauized capital uud or j stolt n from the people, and of promptly ganized labor alike; asking uothing save and duly punishing the offender, that the interest of each shall be brought 1'ostal Kran I, into harmony with the interest of the ,pwk In 8I),ii,.r ,)!lrt of t, js m. Ceueral public, and that the conduct or nngf of ,he wi,(.sprend crimes by which each shall conform to the fuudauienta the sa(.reil gUl of citixeuship i false-y rules of obedience to law of individuul ; nsM.nfi that "inestimable heritage" rtlom, aud of ;usuce and fair dealing ! 1)erverte(, , bn)e ,,m,s Hy imir fcwards ail. Whenever either corpora-; ,.alllith, through frauds, forgeries tion, labor uniou or individual disre- u,j ,)PI.jurieHi nni by shameless briberies tarda the law or acts m a spirit of artii- tbe aw, reatin. to ,iie ,)ro,,er conduct trary and tyraiiuoua tnterlereuce withof ,ie pilli(. fPrvire in K(.pral BI t0 the righu of others, whether corpora- j fh(, dll(? administration of the Uostofflce tions or individual, then where the - Department have been notoriously vio ral government has jurisdiction, it wi 1 , aei, n(, m Indictments have eeo ee to it that the misconduct la stopped. foun, ,, the ,.OU!.P(I1.ilt prosecutions paying not the slightest heed to the posi- r? jn (.olirse of hpilrillK or ,,. ,ve tion or power of the corporation, the , ,,. (.i:.,.j union or me inoiviuoai. iui uuij iu ou j the individual, hut ou.y to one , 1 that is. the question whe her j be conduct of the individual or ; Vital fact or not tbe ggregate of indiv.du.i a is in ax.rdan e with the aw of the land, fcvery rami . . . , , - i;i i.;a Bust be guaranteed hi libertj and his ; right to do a he likes with his property , his lalor, so long as he does not iu- I fringe the rights of others. No man is above the low and no man is neiow it; or do we ask any man's permission when we require him to obey it. Obedi ence to the law i demanded as a right; toot asked as a favor. Government Finances, trom all source, exclusive of the postal Berviee, the roceipt of the govern ment for the last iiscal year aggregated jiU.3:"J.t;?4. The expenditures for the tame period were $5ik;.0;)'..0)7, the sur plus for the he-.al year being H.gy,wn e mdualious are that tne surplus lor ..... I . . the present fiscal year will lie very small. H indeed there be any surplus, r rora Joly to November the receipts from cus tom were, approximately, nine million dollar less than the receipts from the Mme source for a corresiromliug portion 0t laat year. Should this decrease con tinue at the same ratio throughout the kacal year, the surplus would be reduced W, approximately, thirty million dollars. Mould the revenue from custom suffer tnuch further decrease during the fiscal fsmr, the surplus wou'd vsuS-h. A large fgrplus ia certainly undesirable. Two fears ago the war tnses were taken oil trith the express inteinion of equalizing (be grrvernmental receipts aud expendi ture, and though the first year thereaf ter atill showed a surplus, it uow seems likely that a substantial equality of reve nue and expenditure will be attained, gnch t;iug the case, it is of great mo ment both to exercise care and economy in appropriations, and to scan sharply ny change in our fiscal revenue system which may reduce our income. The need ef strict economy in our expenditures is mphasized by the fact that we cannot fiord to be parsimonious iu providing for what is essential to our national well being. Careful economy wherever possi ble will alone prevent our income from falling below the point required iu onler to meet our genuine needs. The integrity of our currency ia be yond question, and under preseut condi tion it would be unwise aud unneces sary to nttempt a reconstruction of our entire monetary system. The same lib erty should be granted the Secretary of the Treasury to deposit customs receipt as is granted him m tne aeposii or re ceipts from other sources. In my mes Mgc Of Dec. 2. 1 called attention to certain needs of the fiitnncinl situation, and 1 again ask the consideration of the Congress for these questions. Merchant .Varine. A majority ot our people desire that steps be taken in the iuterests of Amer ican shipping, so that we may once more resume our former position iu the ocean carryiug trade. But hitherto the dilier ences of opinion as to the proper method of reaching this end have been so wide that it has proved impossible to secure the adoption of any particular scheme. Having in view these facts. I recom mend that the Congress direct the Sec retary of the Navy, the I'ostuiaster lien ral and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, associated with such a representa tion from the ISennte and lloiiso of Kep reaenlative as the Congress in its wis 4on msv designate, to serve as a com- tawinn for the purpose of investigating mmA miAetlB tn the Conxress at its next - '-- what featialetion is desirable or aarsjssary (or tie development of the Aswanraa mercnaot marine rhu Aom- mam nnasana and luctdeotallr Of na- tUs! oeaaa mail scrrice of adeanat mm -as Tsul Mssni IH aavai WW I -Visw ajr a IswasMM la - rt ? eneaeeta and Belay Serb otbaf , , r-b, It I e ewiUj 4ara- nwss-s ef yessasr aa weeM mrwrt fXUm (&"yiiTh ti-4 j 5rr 1 m tbef tun. our present governmental contract for I oMD mail with the American l-ine will eipir in l'.fla. Moreover, line of cargo hips are of even more importance than fast mail lines; save so far as the latter can be deluded upon to furnish swift luxUUr; cruiser in time at war. laaltrntioa. We cannot have too much immigration of the right kind, and we should have uone at all of the wrong kiud. The need ia to devise some system by which unde sirable immigrants shall I kept out en tirely, while desirable immigrant are properly distributed throughout the coun try. The special investigation of the sub ject of naturalization under the direction of the Attorney General, and the conse quent prosecutions, reveal a condition of affair railing for the immediate atten tion of the Congress. Forgeries and per juries of shameless aud flagrant charac ter have been perpetrated, not only in the dense centers of population, but throughout the country'; md it is estab lished beyond doubt that Tery many ao ealled citizeus of the United States have no title whatever to that right, and are aiwerting and enjoying the tienent of the same through tne groaaest frauds. The body politic cannot be sound and healtny if many of it constituent mem bers claim their standing through the prostitution of the high right and calling of citizenship. It should mean some thing to become a citizen of the United States; and in the proees no loophole whatever should be left open to fraud. In my last annual message, in connec tion with the subject of the due regula tion of combinations of cr.pitr,! which are or may become iujurious to the public, 1 recommended a special appropiiation for the better enforcement of the anti-trut law as it uow st.in Is. to lie expended un der the direction of the Attorney en eral. Accordingly the Congress appro printed the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, to be expended under the direc s xhaX KOyPTDm(.nt may be pr. , promptly and with ,'t,,. .,. j.. ' w.. .... BU(,h TioIntio of , ,,, ,his pnJ L... ,.. ,. ion, ot i ill iiisutri. wun nu:ii'-teui in- ftr,lm,nt!lU., .d mip(.,ent l!(,aur, lh, ,,lvtU-ati...is m4 trials .hil-h e uect-sgsry at msny rtlfTeri-nt ! points of the ra, ntry. I urte upon the ( on- cress ths ncccssitv of mrl.lna the suld siv prnprliiilon avHllsMe for imiiifitlnte cse far n II stti-h purposes, to lie rsp,-!itts under the dlr'-tlon of the Attnrney-Oneral. Steps Imve lieeu taken by the Ktste De partment looking to the making ef bribery an extraditable offense with foreign pow ers. The need of nwre effiatlve treaties covering this crime la manifest. The ex posures snd prosecution of official cor ruption lu St. l.oiiln. lo., and other clih-s snd Stati-s have result' d In a nomlier if elvers slid tnkers of biibes becoming- fugi tives In foreign lands. P.rtliery has n I I. ..... Ix I.. , .1 I . I ..-, I KM , " ""l1' "V loiurf, Bm 111 Ilili-snii i fir ii uni ioi niin- en. While there uny hsve been as much official corruption In former years, there has beea moredevelojied and brought to light In the Immediate pst than lu the pre-etimg century of our country's history. It should be the pulley of the L'nlted States to leave no plsce on esrth where s corrupt man fleeing from this country can nut In nesee. There Is a reason whv bribery shoold not be Included In sll treatU-s as extraditable. Alaskan Honndarr. For severs! year past the rap)4 develop ment of Alaaka and the establishment of growing American Interests In region there tofore onsiirveytd snd Imperfectly known brought Into piouiluence the urgent neces sity of a practical demarcation of the boun daries between the Ji:i-lsilhrloiia of ths Tnlfed Ftate and (Jrent Britain. Although the treaty of IS1T between (Jrest Ilrltnln and Kiissln, the provUlona of whlen were copied In the treaty of s7. wLii-"-1t Ris la conveyi-d Alssks to the t' lilted Stnt'-s, ns pcf'tlve as to the control, nrst hy Itus sl.i ano" later hy the I nlted Stntcs, of a strip of territory along the i-oiitlni-iit.il main land from the western shore of portl.-ind I'sna! to Moout t. Klbis. following and surrounding the fnftcnr.-if 1-vns of the const snd Inch. ding the Islands to the westward. Its deserlptlnn ef the laudnard margin of the strip wss Indefinite, rusting on tin. sup posed existence of a coi,tliinou rlilge or lange of moniitaiiis skirting the eMt, ss neiired In the charts of the nr!r nnilL'uters. It bad at no time been nnsslhle for either party In Interest to lay down, under the iti'thnrlty .f he treaty, a line so otirlously exai t oi-cordlng to Its provisions s to com inand the assent of the other, r'er nearly three-fourths of a century the absence of tangible loal Inten-ats di niaii'Ilng the es erclse of positive JutlK(fl-t!eii on ehh-r side of the border left the question dormant A permanent disposition f the maitrr nnally becsme imperntive. After niiavsllliig Btienu rs fo reacn an ms derslandlng through s Joint High t'ommhv sion, followed by prolonged negotiations, condneted In an ami' able spirit, a conven tion between the Milted Mates and tireat Itrttnln was slirneo. January Si, iwgi. pro viding for an examlnntlon of the subject hy a mixed tribunal of six nieniliers. three on a side, with s view to Its final dispo sition. Kstlncstlons were exchanged on March S Inst, icretipon trie two uovern menta sptolnted their reeetlve meraher. (in the tn-entletb of (ktoher a urn- Jorlty of the trlbcnsl rear-bed and sliiicd (in agrcemeni o'l.au me ijni-sfnius snomtiieo hy the terms of the convention. My this o.oi-il the rlzht nf the I nlted ttste to the rontrr of a contlniioes strip or hordi-r of the m.ilnlnnd shore, skirting all th tide, water Inlets and alnunsith-a of the coast. Is confirmed. It Is of great ninterlsl advantage to our the result i sniisTscxorj ,o every way. .eol.is In Ihe far Srrthwesl. It has re moved from the Held nf discussion mid possible danger a question ! bible tn become more acutely accentuated with each passing year. Finally, II ha furnished a signs) proof of tbe fslrness snd good will with which two friendly nations ran apprnm n and) determine Issues Involving national sov eretgatr. Claim Agra'net Veeeanela. It will be remembered thst dnrlag the esceao !.. f the last Coogna Oreat uwoin liana, sixt Hals formed aa alll- Mmtm lit Ms ouruoa of hlcckadtmr tbe tsta of their aub-cts. Their ercploimrat fen-e for tbe eilt-lUsB 4 tbee clatm was terminated If su Sfreetzietii broubi aooul llin.uvb the orh.-rs of the dlpiomsttc tvpre seutxtlves ef I He I nll.-J Suin mt Carsiss sad ttir 4joverHOetit st Washington. tb-re-hy endlag a situatl--n wbh-b tsjuud to . ii rnii:;g frii tioa. ssd wfcirb jenpir dtred tbe pea- f the cotitloeut. I nder this agreement Venezuela agreed to H aisirt a certsla s-rr-eiitage of tbe customs reeeipu of two of ber ports ta be applird ta the paynieiit of abatt-ver obligations might 1st asi-ertatned by mixed com in is loua appointed for that pur) te be due from br-r, not only tu tbe three powers al ready of ntloned. a buse proceedings against ber Lad resulted Id a slate of war. but ala ta tbe United Klat, Frsuce, Bpala, Hel flum. the Netberlauds. hwrdt-u and Norway, sud Mexico, vie bad not rtni4oyed force fur tbe co! left lou of tbe claiiD alleged to be due ta certain of I heir rltlteua. A demand was then made by tbe so-called blockading power (bat tbe sums aiernaln rd t be due to tbelr rttlarua by su b iuiX4rd comuilssloiis sbuld tie accorded pay oietit la full before anytbtog wa paid upoo tbe claim of auy of tbe so-called pta isjwers. Veneziifla. n tbe otuer baud. Insisted that all ber creditor should be bald upon a basis of exact equality, liurlug tbe efforts to adjust tkls dispute It was suggested by the powers In Interest that It should be referred fo me for de rision, but I waa clearly of tbe opinion that a far wl-r course would be to sub mit the question to tbe Permanent t'ourt ef Arhltiattou at The Hague, it seetned ro me to offer an aduilrahle opiortuulty to sdvauee the pra-tb-e of tbe p4aeful settle ment of dtftpitn belwis-u fist loua and to se cure for the Hague Tribunal a mr mora hie luerease of Its practb-al luiportanre. The nation interet-d In the controversy were so numerous sud In many tiistHu-ea so powerful as to niske It ei hi-nt that ts-ti,-ll-cent results would follow from tbelr sp Msninee at the aauie ti:tie before the bsr uf tit ,u,.i.t t.-il.,.i.l -f sre. tiur lir In that n-gard have been real lxd. Uussla and Austria are rpri-eutd In the persons of the learued and distin guished Jurists who iouipoe the trllMiual. while tjreal Itrltstu, ijerinaiiy. l-'raiu-e. Spain. Italy, I'etglum, the Nethcrlanda, hw-den aiid Nis-way, SJeilco, tbe I tilted Mat,-, aud Veiit-zut-la are rr'preaented by tbelr resr-tlve agents and couiisel. There seems gorsl ground for the lellef that there bat U-en a real growth m ng the clviilzr-d nations of sentiment whl b will permit a tiiid in I snbrtltiitlou of other uoiIkhIh ibsn the method of war In the ntllouieiit tn d'sputia. It Is not pretended that as yet we are near a posltlou In wbb b It will E.e possible wholly to prevent war. or that a Just regard fur national Interest and bnor will lu hII cases permit of the settlement of International disputes by sr Miration; but by a mixture of prudence sud nruincsa with wisdom we think It Is possible to do away with mucb of the proro tatlon and rxeuse for war, and at least tu many cases to substitute ,uie other and more rational method fur tbe settlement of dispute Kelutlons with Turkey and China. tariy In July, having received intelligence, whlih happily turned out to be erroueous, of the assassluiti Ion of our Nice Consul t I'elnit, I il!spt bwl a stmill squadron to that port for such service us might be found uceessary on srrlval. Although the sllempt ou Ihe life of our Vli ousul bad not becu successful, yet the outrage was symptomatic of a stiite of exelteiueiit and disorder w hp-b demanded luiiucdlate at tention. The arrival of the vessels had the happiest result. A fi-ellug of security at onee took the place of I be former alarm sod disquiet; our ofle-eis were loiulnlly welcomed hy tbe consular body and tu leading tnrrebauis, and ordinaty busluesa resuuu-d Its activity. Tbe uoverumeut of the Sultan gave a considerate bearing to the representations of our minister; the of belal who was regarded a responsible fur the Ulsiurlwd rondltlou of atliilr waa re moved. Our reiutioiiB with tue Turkish (Jovernmeiit remuiu frleudiy; our claims fouud-d ou Inequitable treat uietit of some of our school, aud missions appvar to be lu process of smlcahle aUjcsliueut. Tbe slulug f a new commercial treaty with thins, which look place si bbaugbul on tbe bib of October, Is a cause (or satis faction. This sc., Ihe result of loug dis cussion and tegoilatlou, piuees oar com merciul relatioua wlib the great OrlcBial Kiupire a more satisfactory fooling ibau ibey have ever Uereiolore eujoyed. U pr- vlues not omy lor Ihe ordiuary right aud nrivlteves fit d:olouiMlc aud CUUsUtaV UlU- ters, but alj for an Important eiieaalou of our commerce by lui reas-d facility of seces to biuese ports, aud lor tbe relief of trade by jbe remoksl of some of lb obstacles Kb'ili haw emlarrassed It la tbe past. '1 be full measure ot develop ment which our eumiuerce may riguifuuy expect caa bardiy be looked fur uuill tbe settleiueut of tbe present abnormal siuie of ihiiigs in lb 1-uiptre; but ihe fouudu tlon lu such uVvelopuis-ut has at been laid. Kural Free leliver. Tbe rural fr delivery servU-e has been steadily extended. 'Xbe aileoiiou of tbe Lougres Is asked to lb question of the t-utijpeiuatlott uf tbe letter earners aud clerss vuguged lu the postal serv.ee, espe cially oa tbe uew rural ree-deuvery routes. Mora routes have bern Installed si net the Drst of July last thau lu auy like period lu tbe Ueparimvtit's blatury. While a due regard to economy must be krpi tn miud lu the estaboabuivut of uew routes, yet tbe exleusuju of the rwral freedelivery ayateia must be routlnued, for reaaous of suuud public policy. No governmental uiovemeui of receut years has resulted lu greater Immediate beuebt to tbe people of lb country dls.rtcts. Hural free delivery, takes Is connection wlib tb telephone, tue bicycle, aud Ihe trolley, aeeompllabe uisch toward le -nlug tbe Isolatlou of tariu lift aud ma jg It brighter aud wore attractive. Hural Iree delivery Is not only a good thing lu Itself, but Is good because It la one uf the cause which check this unwholesome tendency toward tbe urban concentration of onr population at the ex pense of the country dis.ricts. It Is for the same reason that we sympathise with and approve of the policy of building good roads. Alaska and Insofar PowPMions, 1 call your special attention to the Ter ritory of Alaska, 'ihe country Is develop 1'ig rapidly, and It tuts su assured futur--. The mineral wealth Is great and has ss yel bardiy hern tapped. The Usheries, If wise ly bandied and kept under national con ml. will be a bunlue as permanent ss say other, and of the utmost lupor anee to tbe people. The forests If properly guarded will form another great soun-e of wealth. Portions of Alnska are lilted for farming and slixk raising, although the methods must be adnped to tbe pecul'ar condition of tbe country. Alaska Is situ ated la tbe far norib; but so are Norway and Hwedes and Unwind: aud Alaska ran prosper sad (day Its part Is the New World just as those nations have prosper ed sad played their parts In the Old World. fif our Instilur possessions the Philip pines and Port Nlco It is gratifying to say thai their steady progress baa been such as to make II unnecessary to spend mucb time In dlscusslDg them. Yet the Congress should ever keep In mind that a Mculisr obligation rests upon as to fur ther in every wny the welfare of these roiuniuult'es. Tbe Philippines should be knit closer to ss by tariff arrangements. It would, of course, be impossible sudden ly to raise Ihe people of the talnuds to tbe high pbcb of Industrial prosperity and of governmental etticlcncy to which they wl.l In the end by degrees attain; snd the cnit tios and moderation shown In developing thein have beea among ibe utnln reasons why this development hss hitherto gone on so smoothly. Krnipiiliuis care ha lieeu lakea to the choice of governmeuisl agems, and ibe entire elimination of nurtlsaii noil- lies trim Ibe public service. The eondl- tion of rhe Islsudera Is lo material things far belief than ever before, while tbelr rovernmental. IntelleCtHSl, and moral ad- i vsnee has kept pile with Ihelr iimterlsl itiini. Vn on neonle ever benefited an other people more than we hsve benefited the Ffllpinoa by taking possession of the Islsndk. Pnhlle Lend I sm. Rtperlenc ba ibowa tbat In tbe West ern Mtste theaiselves, a well aa la lb rest of tbe country, tbere Is widespread rouvletloa Ibst certsla of tb aublle-laad Isws snd tne recalling administrative prac tice no longer meet the present seeds. Tbe character snd Bses of the retnslalag nob He leads differ widely from I ho of the nabl'e lands wbleh Congress bad esoeelallf In view when tbese laws were passed. Tbe rsnMly sarretM rata a dlagiwal ef tbe pSit tmt b sWk Mlawad b dsivr sposdlng Increase la bone hnlldlng. There I U a tendency ta maa la large boldlnr ! ij. j-ii - - - I lauda. aud thereby la retard settlement, i I renew aud empbaa'se my recommendation of lat vear tbat so far tbey ear that so far a tbey re avail- ble for agticnltute In It broadest sense. ssd whatever extee? h eaey be re claimed ander tbe national lrHaatloa Isw. the remaluiug public lands should be be.d rigidly for the borne bu Ider. The atten tion of the Congress Is especially directed to ibe Umber aid fjnr law, ibe desert land taw, and tb coni Hiatal loa clause of Ihe homestead law, wbleh Is their opera tion hsve la many respeeta conflicted with wise puhl'r-land policy. The work of reclamation of the arid lands of tbe Weil la progressing steadily and satisfactorily under tne terms of the law setting (side tbe proceed from tbe disposal of public land. Hurvey and ex- nilnatlou s re progressing throughoal the arid states and Territories, plana for re claiming works being prepared and saased uiiob by boarda of euglneers before approv al by Ibe Secretary of lh Interior, la Art son a and Nevada. In localities where such work 1 pre-eminently needed, con struction bss already bees Is-gua. In other parta of tbe arid West various project are well advanr-ed toward tbe drswlug op of contrscts. these lie'ng delayed In part by necessities of reat-hlug agreements or on ders'sndliig regard rights of way or eoulsition of real ette. liurlug tbe year ended Jane Sn last 28, Wft persons were sppolnred through com petitive examination under Ibe clvll-ser-vto rules. Ibis wss 111.IS72 more thsn tnrlng Ibe prwedlnr yesr. and per cent of tbose who passed tbe exa ruinations. This sbnornial growth w laraely occa sioned by tbe extension of classlhVarlon to the rural free-delivery service snd tbe ap IKi'ntmeut Isst vesr of over 8.0i0 rarsl isrrler. A revision of the civil service rnles trwik efTeet on April 15 Isst, which has greatly Improved Iheir o,eratloft. Army an ! avr. t Tbe effect of Ibe laws providing a Gen eral Staff for the Army sud for the more effective use of tbe National usrd has beeu excellent. (ireat Improvement baa lieea made In the tfflcleuey of our Army In reeeut years. Sur-h sr-houls ss those erected at V'ort Lesveuworth snd Fort HI ley and the Institution of fsd maneuver work accomplish sstlsfactory results. Tbe g.vod effect of these msneuvers upon the Nstlonal 'iunrd la marked, aud aniple ap propriation should be made to enable the guardsmen of the several Ktatea to share In the benefit. Tbe government should as v-oon as polh:e secure sultabl perma nent ramp sites for mllttsry msneuvers la the vsrious sections of tbe conntry. The service thereby rendered not only to the Hegi.iiir Army, hi t 'to the National Guard of the several Ktstes. will be so great ss to repay many times over tb reltlvely small eipeu-e. ' We should not rest satis fied wl'b what bss been done, however. T he only people w ho srr contented with a ystem of promotion by mere seniority sre inot-c who are contented with the tr'umph of mediocrity over excellence. On the other band a system which encoursged the exercise of srx-isl or political favoritism In promotions would be even worse. Hut It wonld surely lie easy to devise a method of promotion from grnde to grsde In wh'ch the opinion of the higher officers of the service upon Ihe candidates should be de cisive upon the standing and promotion of the Inner. Just snrb a system now ob- Wtalns st West Point. I besrtlly congrstttlnte the rongress opnn the steady progress In building up the AmerPan Nav y. csn not sfford a let up In this great work. To stand still mean to ro bsck. There should lie no ressstlnn In sdding to Ihe effective milts of tbe fighting strength of the fleet. Meanwhile the Nsvy Department and Ihe oitteer of the Nsvy sre doing well tbelr port by providing con stant service at se under conditions skin to those nf actual warfare. Our officers snd enlisted men are lesrtilng to handle Ibe hurtle ships, cruisers, snd torpedo host with high efficiency In fleet snd squadron formation, sud rhe atnndard of marksman ship Is belue stesdlly raised. It 1 eminently desirable, however, that there should be provided a nsvsl general ststT on line tmllnr fo those of the Gen eral Staff lately crested for the Army. Isthanl n Canal. rty the set of June 28. lri the Congrc uthorlxed the President ta enter Into tresty with Colombia for the building of tbe rstial across Ihe Isthmus of Panama; It being provided that In the event of failure to se er re such tresty sfter the laos of a rea sonable time, recourse should is? bsd to huliilliig canal through Nicaragua. It baa rot been necessary to consider this alterna tive, aa 1 am enabled to lay before tbe hetiate a treaty providing for tbe building of tbe canal across the isthmus of I'sosms. This wa the rowte which commended Itself to tbe deliberate Judgment of the Cougress, snd we can now acquire by treaty the liubt to rotivtract the canal over this route. The quest b,if now, therefore, is not by which route tbe Istbuilaa canal shall be built, for that question bas been detlnltely aud Irre vwabty decided. The question 1 simply whet tier or but we alia II have su Istbuiiau canal. Whew the Congress directed thnt we bsKild tske tbe I'siiams route under treaty wUb Colombia, the raaeuce af tbe condi tion, of course, referred not to tbe Gevern liieut wbhb controlled that route, but to the route Itself; to tbe territory screw which tbe route lay, not to tbe name which for the noment tbe territory liore on the map. Tbe purpose of the law was ta author ize Ibe President la make a treaty with tb (wiwer In actual control af the Isthmus af 'a u a mil. Tbls purpose has lie en fulfilled. In tbe year 1MI this Government en tered Into a treaty with New Granada, tbe predecessor upon tbe Isthmus of the He public af Colombia and af Ihe present Re public of l'a lis ma. by wbtcb treaty It waa provided tbat the Government and cttlsens or the United Mate tnouia always nave free snd open right of wsy or transit aero the lathmta of I'snams by auy mode of communication that might be constructed, while lit return our Government guaranteed the perfeet neutrality of the above-mentioned isthmus with the view tbat tbe free transit from tbe one to the other ses might uot be Interrupted or embarrassed. Tbe treaty vested lu the lulled States s substantial property right carved out of Ihe rights of sovereignty and property which New Granada then bad aud pos sessed over the an Id territory. Tbe name of New Granada bos pussed away and tta territory baa been divided, its successor, tbe Government of Colombia, has r-eased iu owu any properly lu the Isthmus, A new Keptiblb-, tunl of 1 'u no ma, which was at one time a sovereign Mute, and at another time a mere department of the successive confederations known as New Granada aud Colombia, has now succeeded to the rights s hi' U tlrst one and then the other formerly exercised over Ihe Isthmus. Hut aa loug a tbe Istbmua endures, tbe mere geograpb-b-al fan of Its existence, aud tbe peculiar Interest therein which Is required by our posltlou, perpetuate the solemn contract which blnda tb holders of the territory to respect our right to freedom of transit across It, and binds u In return to safe guard for the Isthmus and tbe world the exercise of Ibat Inestimable privilege. The true Interpretation of the obligation upon bl h the I lilted IStalea entered In this treaty of IM'I ha beeu given repeatedly lu the utterances of Presidents aud Kecre lartes of elate. Secretary Css lu 1S.V1 of ficially stated Ibe posltlou of this Govern ment as follows: "The prngre of event ha rendered the Intel-oceanic route acrosa the narrow no rt lull nf Cent I America vastly Important to Hi commercial world, and especially to the 1 lilted mate, wuose possession extend alone the A tin title and I'aclrlt- coasts, and demand Ihe apeeillivt and easiest modes of communication. While the rigbta of sov ereluty of the Btutes occupylug this region should always tie respected, we shall ex j peel that these rights be exercised In a : prt befitting Ibe occsslon and the Wauls ,,, , lei-iimsliineea lh(il have arisen a,.. j ereKnty baa II duties ss well a Its rlithts. and none of these local govern meiiis. ereti If sdmlnlstered with more re gard to the just demand of other na tions Ibsn they hive been, would he per mitted, lu s spirit of Ksstern Isolation, lo close Ihe gates of Intercourse on Ibe great highway of the world, and Justify tb act hy tbe pretension thst these avenges of trade and travel belong to them aad that tbey ebnnae to abut them, or, what Is al most equivalent, to encumber the wttb sties unjoat relatione as wonM prevent tbelr general ess." Her en yean later. In 1Mb, Mr, skyward ta different cajmawslcattone task tbe fetlewlag The take Interest is say question of n'' rrvolutloo la tbe ia!e r4" Psuaaia, or auj ki.i. .rf tl. Inlrsi Ktslea of oUitntiia, 11 will maintain a -f.-t neutrality iu eeuts - tlo wttb such doinesllc a""-"u';". 1 be t tilled Ms tea will, hevenneieaw. themselves n-adv la oroteet Ibe transit trade acrosa tbe Isthmus sgslust uivssioa of cither domestic or foreign dislurners tn tbe peace of tbe Mate of I'ausma Neither Ihe text nor tbe idiit of the slip ulatl. to that ank le by sbb h tbe Culled state engage ts preserve Ibe neutrality of tbe 1st U in u of t'auama. Imue a ub Itgktloa on inla Governmeut to smply wtth tbe requisition uf lb President of tbe t'ulted states of Columbia for a fore te protest tbe Isthmu of Panama from a body of luaurgenl of that evunlryt. Tbe por pae of Ibe stlpulatlun waa to guarantee ibe latbum agiluat seuturc or luraaloa by a foretan power only." Attorney General Kpeed, snder date of November 7, lStO, advised Secretary be ward aa follows: From this treaty It csn not be snp Med that New Urausda invited tb United Matea to become s party lo tb Intestine troubles of tbat Uoverumeut. nor did the Lulled htsle become bound to tske sides In Ibe domestic bruits of New Granada. Tbe United blatea did guarantee New Granada la the overelguty and pruperty over tb territory. 1 hi wa ss agsluat other and foreign goverumenta" For four hundred years, ever since shortly after Ibe discovery of tbls hemisphere, tb canal acrusa tbe Isthmus has beeu plauued. For two score yer It bss been worked st. When msde It Is to Isal for Ibe age. It I to alter tbe geography of a continent aud the trade route of tb world. We bare shown by every treaty w have negotiated or attempted to negotiate with the peopiea In control of tbe Isttnuua and with for eign nation lu reference thereto our cou sUteut gwd faith lu observing our obllga II. his; ou the one hand lo tbe eoples of the Isthmus, snd on the other hand to the , Ivlllxcd w-rid whose rommerr Lai rights we sre ssfegnirdli.g snd guaranteeing by our ar-tloti. We have done our duty to oth er lo letter ud lu ajilrlt. and we bare shown the utmoat forln-arauce la exacting our own rlghta. l-ast aprlng. under the act Imvs referred to, treaty win-Hided iHtweeu the repre sentative of tbe Itepuhlle of Colombia i id of our Government wa rstilled by the fi n ate. Tbl treaty was entered lino at tbr urgent solicitation of Ihe jieople of Colom bia and after body of ciperta appointed hy our Government especially lo go Into the matter of tbe route serosa Ibe Isthmus bnd pronounced uusnlmonsly In fsvor of tne I'auuma route, lu drawing up this treaty every i-oiiceaslon wss msde to tbe people snd to the Government of Colombia, we were more thsn Just 111 desllng wlib them. Our generosity was su. h ss to make It a serloiit ouestlon whether w had uot gone too far lu tbelr Interest t the exueiis of our own; for la our scrupulous desire to pay all possible beid not merely to the real but even to the fancied rights of our wesker nelgblmr, wlio lresdy owed so much to our prote, tlou sud inrbearain-e. we yield ed In all possible wa)S lo ber ib-slre lu drswlng up the tresty. Nevertheless the Government of Colombia not merely re pudiated Ibe treaty, but repudiated It lo aucb manner aa lo make It evident by tbe time the Colombian Congress sdjoiirned thst not the scsnttest hope remained of ever get ting saltsfsitory treaty from them. Ihe Uoverumeut of Colombia made the treaty, aud yet when the Columbian Congress was rsllrd to rstlfy It the vote galust ratifi cation wa unanimous. It doc uot pper that tbe Uoverumeut made uy rvai effort tu secure ralillcatlon. Itev lutlon In Panama. Immediately after Ihe adjournment of tbe Congress a rvvoluilou broke out In Panama, lb people uf Panama bsd luug been diseonienied wuh Ihe ttepublie of lo lombts, aud tbey bad beeu kept qulel only by lb , prospect of lb conclusion of tb reaty, which wss to them a matter of vi tal concern. When It became evident that tbe tresiy wss bope'essly lost, lb people of Panama rose lueially s oue man. Not snot wss tired by a single man on tb (alliums tn Ibe Interest of lh Colombian Government. Not life was lost lu tb sccompilsbment of Ibe revoiuilun. The Co lombian troops sisibiued on the Isthmus, who bad luug been uupsld, msde common rsus wlih tb people of Pausms, snd with astonishing uuaulmlty the new Itepub tlc was siartrd. 'Ibe duty of tbe Culled Stales In lh premises waa clear. In strict accordance wlib the principles laid down by berretar! Cas aud heward in the of e...i.i diwnimenia above uuoied. tbe United Males gave notice Ihat It would permit the lauding of no expeditionary force, the ar rival ot wbU-b would turiti cbaos snd de struction along tbe Hue of tbe railroad aud vyf tbe proposed eauat, and an interruption of transit as an Inevitable rdhaequeuce. Tbe de facto Government of l'susma was recognised In the following telegram to Mr. Ehrinan: "Tb people uf Panama have, by apparently unanimous movement, dissolved their political connection with Ihe Itepuhlle of Colombia snd resumed their Independence. When you are satla ticd that a de facto government, republican in form and Without snhstsntlsl opposition from Its own people, hss been established In tbe Kla'e of Panama, you will enter Into relations with It ss the responsible fovernuient of the territory and look to It or all due actlna lo protect the person and property of eltlsens of the United Ktatrs and 1 keep opes tbe Isthmian tran sit, tn accordance with the obligations of existing treailea governing Ibe relations of the t'nlted State to that territory." Tbe Government of Colombia wss soil- I Bed of our action by the following tele- fram to Mr, Keaopre; 'The people of 'nam having, by aa apparently unani mous movement, dissolved tbelr political connection with the Itepubile of Colombia and resumed their Independence, nd hiv ing adopted a government of their own, re publican In form, with which tb Govern ment of the United Htate of America haa rnterrd Into relation, the Fresldest of the United Htete. In accordance with th ties of friendship whlrh have so long and so happily existed between the respective nations, moat earnestly commend to lb Government of Colombia and of l'nm lh peaceful and eqnltabl settlement of sll questions st Issue between them. Tl holds that be la boond not merely by tresty obligations, bat by the Interests of drill ration, to see thst the peaceful traffic of the world across Ibe Isthmus of Panama sball not longer be dlxtnrtied by a constant succession of unnecessary and wasteful civil wars." When these events happened, fifty-seven yesrs had elapsed since the United States hsd entered Into Its tresty with New Granada. during thsl lime the Govern ments of New Granada snd" of Its suc cessor, fnlmnhia hsve been In a constant state of flux. There have been revolu tions, retie.llons. Insurrections, rlols, and other outbreaks, numbering .'') for the 67 yesrs. It Is a fact tbat one of them lasted t uesrly three yesrs before It wss quell ; another for nearly a year. In short, Ihe experience of over half a century bss sbown Colombia to lie utterly Incapnble nf keeping order nn Ibe Isthmus. Only the active Interference of the Un'ied States bas enabled her to preserve n much as a semblsnce of sovereignty. Hsd It not been for Ihe exercise hy th United Htate of th pol'ce power In her Interest, ber connection with th Isthmus would have been sundered long sgo. In ISTid, In Isig), In Is7:i, In ls5. In lil. snd again In H"'i. sailors snd murines from United Htates war ships were forced to land In order to pstrol the Isthmus, to protect life and property, and to sr thst ihe transit across ihe Isthmus wss kepi open. In IWI, In ltturi, snd In tl.Hl, the Colombian Govern ment asked thst the United Stale Govern ment would land troops to protect Its In terests and maintain order on lb Isthmus. tolombin's Latest I rofioaition. Pernios th must extraordinary reuuest la that which baa Just beeu received aud wbtcb run, ss follows: "Knowing thst revolution bss already commenced In I'ansma tsu eminent Coloui blani ssys thst If Hie Government of the United Htates will land troops to preserve Colombian sovereignly, and tbe lrnsli, If requested by 1 ulniublan rbarg d'affaires, . S I . ..I miii. .1 l .,.,.1,1 I , - and, by virtue of vesied eonstltntloosi authority, when public order I dlatnrbed will approve by decree th ratloratloa ol Ihe ransl tresty ss signed t or. If .ths Gov erameal ef Ibe Uslted tale ore'era, will call eitra sesalos of tbe Congress wttb new ssd friendly members ueii May te annrev tb tresty. Us emlsest Celom blaai baa Ibe perfect coaftdeoc ef vies nreaMent, be says, and If II became see nary will ge in tbe Isthmae sr seed renre eentallre I bore to adinet east byes atse abevjjlnaa k tbe aatloxgssllen af tW aa Thl dispatch Is noteworthy from tw staudpotms. It offer of lajioedlsteif guaranteeing tbe treaty t ss Is Is sbarn contrast with tbe positive and conteoipte ous refusal of th Congress which h Jtist closed lis session lo consider fvobty tuck treaty; it shows Ibst lb guvers meui wbleh msde ibe tresty re:iy had sh- uiute couirui o.ef tb a.luuoa. wi not choose ia exercise Ibis coat rot. The dlspsti h further call aa us ts rest or or der ad secure CokioiWss supreuiscy la the Isthmus I run which the Culooiblsa Gov ernment hss Jasi by Us set ion decided to Par as ty preventing ths csmstruetJeo of tb cstisl. oci-rol ofOreat IaBnrtans. Tbe control, lh th interest of tb eaas merce sad Irs Uie of th wuole rtvlllasd world, of the sieans of undisturbed Irwassx cross lb lstbtnus of Panama bas beea ef transcendent Imports oi-e to Ihe Csdled htste. W hv repetedly xrrtd I hi Q control by latrrvealng In the course ef do- 'W meatlc dissension, and by proteetlsg the territory frwm forelga lovasloa. Is laH Mr. Kverett assured tbe Feruvlsa mlslsler thst w should not hesltst t BaaMUsn th neutrality of the Uthmu Is ta of war between Peru and Colombia. IS lb4 Colombia, which ha alwy beea vtgt laot to avail Itself of Its privilege eoav- . ferred by lb treaty, el pressed Its eiaee- jg tatlon that la tbe veot of war Between , Pern nd Hpaln tb United Btle crry Into effect the ftisrsotv if neeirsU ty. Tbere hsve been fw admlnlstraUaae of th Ktt department In wbleh that tresty bas not. either by tbe on ld lb other, been used s bls of more or less tmportsnt demsnds. It ws ald by Mr Fish In 18T1 that th llprtnent of Ktt bad reasoa to bellev thai as at tack upon Columbian sovereignty on the Isthmus bad. on severs! occasion, beea verted by warning from tbla g.arerumenU lo IsMV, when Columbia ws under ths menace of bostllltle from ltly In tbe I'errutl ce, Mr. I!ayrd eipressed th -rlous concern thst lh United Htste coald not but feel tbat Ku ropes n power should resort to forr-e sgsinsi a sister republic of this hemisphere, ss to the sovereign and uninterrupted use of a part of whose terri tory we are guarantors uuder lh olemB fall h of s tresty. Ths abov. recltsl of fsels estshllshes beyond qnesth-B: First, that the United Htste has for over half a century pa tiently aud lr good fsltb carried out II ob ligation under the treaty of 1M8; second, that when for the first time It beesuie pos sible fur Colombia lo do suytblng In rs- 3ults) of the services Ihus p-peird:y ren ered to It for flfty-even yesrs by th I nitrd Htste. the olouiblsn Government peremptorily nd offensively refusi-d tbn ta do It psrt, er,n though to do so would hsve beeu tu Its sdvsntsge snd Immeasur ably to the advantage of the Htate of Pan ama, at tbat lime under Its Jurisdiction! " third, thst throughout this period revoln- tlons, riots and factional dlsturbsnces of g every kind hsve occurred on sfier lb ft other In lmost onltiterrtipted iirecsslee, V. some nf them Isstlug for months nd evea for yesrs, wbl.e th centrsl government wss unshle lo put them down or ta Bisks petes wlib the rebels: fourth, thst the disturbances Instestl nf showing sny sign of abating hsve tended to grow more as meroas snd no-re serious In the Immrdlsts pst; fifth, thst the control of Colombia orer Ihe Isthmus of I'snstn could not be maintained without th rmed Intervention and slstsnee of the .United Hlstes. la other words, th Government of Columbia, though wholly unable to mslntslB order on the Isthmus, hss nevertheless declined to ratify a treaty the conclusion of which opened the only chsoc lo ecur Its own stshlllty nd to gtisrante permanent peace nn, and the construction of a csnl srroas, the Isthmus Under such rlrcomstsnces the Oovers ment of the United Htstes would hsve . been guilty of folly and weakness, amount Ing In their snm lo a crime against th na tion. hd It scted otherwise thsn It did . when th revolution of Nov. S Isst look Pise In Psnams. This greet enterprise of building the Interoeeanlr eaaal cannot lie held tip to gratify the whims, or out of respect to the governments! Impotence, or to the even more sinister and evil political peculiarities, f people who. thongh they dwell sfsr off, sgnlnst the wish of th sctusl dwellers on the Is'hmns. assert sn unreal snpremscy over the territory. Ths possession of territory frsncht with snrh peculiar capacities ss the lathmns In nties- tlon csrries won it nuiian'iou i u Irlnd, The course nf events hss shown thst this canal cannot be built by private enter- prise, or br sny other nntbn than on a own: tnerernr it most oe iraiu ij mw United Htste. Mast Now Tee1 with fa nam. Every effort bss been made by ibe Gov ernment of the United Htstes tn persnsde Colombia to follow course which wss essentially tint onlv to nnr Interests nd te tbe world, but tn the Interests of Colombia Itself. These efforts hnv failed: snd Co lomhls, by her persistence In repnrslng the advances thst have been made, has forced us, for the sake of onr own honor, and of Ihe Interest and well being, not merely of our own people, tint of the people of the Isthmus nf l'snsms and the people of the civilised countries of the world, to take de risive step tn bring tn an end a condition of sffslr whlrh hsd beenm Intolerable. The new Kepuhlle nf I'anntus Immediate ly offered to negotiate a treaty with as. Tbls trcnty I herewith submit. Fly It onr Interests are better safernnrded thsn la tbe treaty with Cnlnmbl which wss ratified by the Henste st it last session, it ss oetle In Its term thn the trestle offered to ns by the Itepuhlle nf Mcarsgmi and Cast Klc. At Isst the right to begin this great undertaking I made available. Panama has done her pari. All that remain la for the Amerlon Congreee t on ita part ana rertb with tbls Keonblle will enter anna tbe execution nf a project cnloaaal In Its slae snd of well nigh incaicslsiile poaslldlttlaa for Ibe good of tbat country sud Iks na tion of mankind. Itv the nrovlslona of the treaty the United Plates guarantees and will matntnln the In dependence nf the Itepubile nf Panama. There la granted to the United "tales la ' perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of, s strip ten mile wide and extending three iiauiirst mne intn tne sea st either terminal, with sll lands lying outside of ths tone necessary for the const met Inn of the canal or for Ita annulary work, snd with tie Islands In the liny nf I'snams, Ths ritle nf Panama and C'nlnn are not embraced in Ihe cnl rone, hut the United Htntes assumes their sanitation snd. In case nf need, th mnlntennnce of n-der therein: the United Ktotes enjoys wltbln tbe granted limits sll tue rictus, power, sud authority whl'-b It would possr-ss were It the sovereign nf th territory lo the exclusion nf Ihe exer cise of sovereign rights by the Itepubile. All rsllwsy and csusl prn(ierty rlt-hls belonging to l'snsms and needed for th canal lias tn the United Ktatc. Including sny property or the resective companies in in ctiiew or Panama and Cnlnn: the works, properrfA and personnel of ihe canal and tsilwafs are exempted from taxation a well la ths itttes of Panama and Cnlnn aa tn th canal! son and Its dependencies. Free Itnmlgrs- , tion of the personnel and Itnportstlon of supplies for the cnnstnictlnn aud operation nf the canal sre granted. Provision la msde for lh use nf military fore and the build ing of fortifications by Ibe United Htstes fur the protection of the transit. In other detail, particularly as lo the ar-qnlsltpvu of the Intervals of Ihe New I'snsni Canal Company and tb Panama Railway by the United male snd lb coiidetnnatlnn of prl vste property for the uses of Ihe canal, tbe stipulations of the May llerrun tresiy are closely followed, while ihe compensation to lw given for these enlarged grants remains the same, being ten millions nf dollars psy shl n exchange of rntiri.-stlons; and. be ginning nine years from thill date, an nw nual payment of fj.vj.iss) during Ihe life of the couvenllon THKODORB ROOSBTElrT.' Positively I'rntal. "I)o yoti know what tbe ttcragw wonian'a weight T' asked the fait typewriter boarder, who waa Intswatew Id atallHllca. "Hurc." replied tb) nint7-Bstr(t bachelor at ttj foot of tta tabby, MBT wait It until noma fool mao flnlia. I Atl Mrl.V. 1 tA StaiS af wwwwh s ws wss whis a amass ww ftllnrt of Ufn. Uff-y.t OOslnm Ph.li Tnt a ,ei 1." 1 ft! 0 V A J i.