r. -1 I,
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.?
Te lli Senate anil House of IJeprescuta
lives: The country it to W congratulated '
fbe amount of substantial acLiicvemeut
hull bus marked th past year both
regards our foreign and a regard our
ootueslie policy.
With a nation a with a man the uioat
Important thing are tl:oe of the house
hold aud therefore the country is es
aecially to I congratulated oh what hail
beeu accomplished in the direction of
irovidiug tor the exercis of supcrTuuon
vrPT th grejt corporations and eonibi
estious of corporation S"1 m
tersUts commerce. The Cougresa ha
created the lepiiruiienl of Couiuien-
aud Labor, including the Bureau of Cor-
rtioua. with tor the tint time author
to secure props-r publicity of such
nroceediugs of these great corporsuous
as the public haa the nght to know. It
bss provided for the expediting of soita
for the enforcement of the federal auu
truait law; aud b) another law it haa
imimi euual treatment to all producers
U the trauiiportation of their good, thus
taking a long stride forward in uiakiiig
effective the work of the Interstate Com
merce Commission.
The establishment of he Department
ef Commerce auC a.aoor. with the Uu
reau of Corporation thereunder, marka
real advance iu the direction of doing
all that i possible for the dilution of
the question, vitally affecting capitalists
and wage workers. Hie preliminary
work ot the Bureau of Corporation in
the department has shown the w imJoui
f iu crealiou. fuhlicity iu corporate
affairs will tcud to do aw-, with iguor
suee, and wiii auori facta upon which
intelligent may be taken.
The Department 'f Commerce and La
bor wiii lie not only the Wearing house
for Information regarding the business
transaction ot the lulum, hut the exccu
tive arm of the government to aid lu
strengthening our domestic aud foreign
...rt.ty m nerim-tin our transportation
facilities, iu building up our mmuum tion or the Attorney titmriil lu the em-
marine, in preventing the entrance of ploymrnt of ieci:il counsel aud ageut
ndemrable immigrants, in improving jn Department of J not ice to rotidiiet
commercial and industrial conditions, and proceedings and prose ntiona under s-uid
la bringing together u common ground Ian- iu the count of the United States,
those uecesaiy i-nrtiiers iu industrial uo? rtr-oryitieud. an a matter of the ut
progrcss capital and labor. j mot importi-ine and nrge-ncy, the extcn-
Caunai ual Labor, moo of the purposes of this appropri.i-
The consistent poiicy of the ualional liou, no that it tuny ho available, under
government, so far a it has the power, the direction of the Attorney General,
la to hold iu check the unscrupulous and until used, for the due enforcement
man whether employer or employe; but of the laws of the United States iu gen
to refuse to w eaken "individual initiative era) and especially of the civil aud crim
r tu hamper or cramp the industrial de- innl laws relating to. public lands and
velupineul of the country. We recognize the laws relating to postal Crimea and
that this U an era of federation and com- offense and the subject of natur iliza
biuatiou, in which great capital-slic cor tion. lteceut investigntiona have tdiowa
poratiou's and labor unions have bocome a deplorable nt.ite of afTaira in these
factors of tremendous importance iu all three matters of vital concern,
industrial centers. Hearty recognition i Ry virions frauds and by forsreries
given the far-reaching,' beueliieiit work ' and perjuries, thousands of acres of the
which hua leeu accomplished through public domain, embracing lnuda of dif
bolh corporations and unions, aud tue ferent character mid extending through
line as between different corporations, as various rectiou of the coi.ntry, have
between diller.ut unions, is drawn as it been dishonestly acquired. It is hardly
ia between diUerent individuals; that is, ' necessnry to urge the importance of re
it is drawn on conduct, the effort being covering these dishonest acquisitions,
to treat both orgauized capital uud or j stolt n from the people, and of promptly
ganized labor alike; asking uothing save and duly punishing the offender,
that the interest of each shall be brought 1'ostal Kran I,
into harmony with the interest of the ,pwk In 8I),ii,.r ,)!lrt of t, js m.
Ceueral public, and that the conduct or nngf of ,he wi,(.sprend crimes by which
each shall conform to the fuudauienta the sa(.reil gUl of citixeuship i false-y
rules of obedience to law of individuul ; nsM.nfi that "inestimable heritage"
rtlom, aud of ;usuce and fair dealing ! 1)erverte(, , bn)e ,,m,s Hy imir
fcwards ail. Whenever either corpora-; ,.alllith, through frauds, forgeries
tion, labor uniou or individual disre- u,j ,)PI.jurieHi nni by shameless briberies
tarda the law or acts m a spirit of artii- tbe aw, reatin. to ,iie ,)ro,,er conduct
trary and tyraiiuoua tnterlereuce withof ,ie pilli(. fPrvire in K(.pral BI t0
the righu of others, whether corpora- j fh(, dll(? administration of the Uostofflce
tions or individual, then where the - Department have been notoriously vio
ral government has jurisdiction, it wi 1 , aei, n(, m Indictments have eeo
ee to it that the misconduct la stopped. foun, ,, the ,.OU!.P(I1.ilt prosecutions
paying not the slightest heed to the posi- r? jn (.olirse of hpilrillK or ,,. ,ve
tion or power of the corporation, the , ,,. (.i:.,.j
union or me inoiviuoai. iui uuij iu ou j
the individual, hut ou.y to one ,
1 that is. the question whe her j
be conduct of the individual or ;
Vital fact
or not tbe
ggregate of indiv.du.i a is in ax.rdan e
with the aw of the land, fcvery rami
. . . , , - i;i i.;a
Bust be guaranteed hi libertj and his ;
right to do a he likes with his property ,
his lalor, so long as he does not iu- I
fringe the rights of others. No man is
above the low and no man is neiow it;
or do we ask any man's permission
when we require him to obey it. Obedi
ence to the law i demanded as a right;
toot asked as a favor.
Government Finances,
trom all source, exclusive of the
postal Berviee, the roceipt of the govern
ment for the last iiscal year aggregated
jiU.3:"J.t;?4. The expenditures for the
tame period were $5ik;.0;)'..0)7, the sur
plus for the he-.al year being H.gy,wn
e mdualious are that tne surplus lor
..... I . .
the present fiscal year will lie very small.
H indeed there be any surplus, r rora
Joly to November the receipts from cus
tom were, approximately, nine million
dollar less than the receipts from the
Mme source for a corresiromliug portion
0t laat year. Should this decrease con
tinue at the same ratio throughout the
kacal year, the surplus would be reduced
W, approximately, thirty million dollars.
Mould the revenue from custom suffer
tnuch further decrease during the fiscal
fsmr, the surplus wou'd vsuS-h. A large
fgrplus ia certainly undesirable. Two
fears ago the war tnses were taken oil
trith the express inteinion of equalizing
(be grrvernmental receipts aud expendi
ture, and though the first year thereaf
ter atill showed a surplus, it uow seems
likely that a substantial equality of reve
nue and expenditure will be attained,
gnch t;iug the case, it is of great mo
ment both to exercise care and economy
in appropriations, and to scan sharply
ny change in our fiscal revenue system
which may reduce our income. The need
ef strict economy in our expenditures is
mphasized by the fact that we cannot
fiord to be parsimonious iu providing
for what is essential to our national well
being. Careful economy wherever possi
ble will alone prevent our income from
falling below the point required iu onler
to meet our genuine needs.
The integrity of our currency ia be
yond question, and under preseut condi
tion it would be unwise aud unneces
sary to nttempt a reconstruction of our
entire monetary system. The same lib
erty should be granted the Secretary of
the Treasury to deposit customs receipt
as is granted him m tne aeposii or re
ceipts from other sources. In my mes
Mgc Of Dec. 2. 1 called attention
to certain needs of the fiitnncinl situation,
and 1 again ask the consideration of the
Congress for these questions.
Merchant .Varine.
A majority ot our people desire that
steps be taken in the iuterests of Amer
ican shipping, so that we may once more
resume our former position iu the ocean
carryiug trade. But hitherto the dilier
ences of opinion as to the proper method
of reaching this end have been so wide
that it has proved impossible to secure
the adoption of any particular scheme.
Having in view these facts. I recom
mend that the Congress direct the Sec
retary of the Navy, the I'ostuiaster lien
ral and the Secretary of Commerce and
Labor, associated with such a representa
tion from the ISennte and lloiiso of Kep
reaenlative as the Congress in its wis
4on msv designate, to serve as a com-
tawinn for the purpose of investigating
mmA miAetlB tn the Conxress at its next
- '-- what featialetion is desirable or
aarsjssary (or tie development of the
Aswanraa mercnaot marine rhu Aom-
mam nnasana and luctdeotallr Of na-
tUs! oeaaa mail scrrice of adeanat
mm -as Tsul Mssni IH aavai WW
I -Visw ajr a IswasMM la - rt ? eneaeeta and Belay Serb otbaf
, , r-b, It I e ewiUj 4ara- nwss-s ef yessasr aa weeM mrwrt fXUm
(&"yiiTh ti-4 j 5rr 1 m tbef tun.
our present governmental contract for I
oMD mail with the American l-ine will
eipir in l'.fla. Moreover, line of cargo
hips are of even more importance than
fast mail lines; save so far as the latter
can be deluded upon to furnish swift
luxUUr; cruiser in time at war.
laaltrntioa.
We cannot have too much immigration
of the right kind, and we should have
uone at all of the wrong kiud. The need
ia to devise some system by which unde
sirable immigrants shall I kept out en
tirely, while desirable immigrant are
properly distributed throughout the coun
try. The special investigation of the sub
ject of naturalization under the direction
of the Attorney General, and the conse
quent prosecutions, reveal a condition of
affair railing for the immediate atten
tion of the Congress. Forgeries and per
juries of shameless aud flagrant charac
ter have been perpetrated, not only in
the dense centers of population, but
throughout the country'; md it is estab
lished beyond doubt that Tery many ao
ealled citizeus of the United States have
no title whatever to that right, and are
aiwerting and enjoying the tienent of
the same through tne groaaest frauds.
The body politic cannot be sound and
healtny if many of it constituent mem
bers claim their standing through the
prostitution of the high right and calling
of citizenship. It should mean some
thing to become a citizen of the United
States; and in the proees no loophole
whatever should be left open to fraud.
In my last annual message, in connec
tion with the subject of the due regula
tion of combinations of cr.pitr,! which are
or may become iujurious to the public, 1
recommended a special appropiiation for
the better enforcement of the anti-trut
law as it uow st.in Is. to lie expended un
der the direction of the Attorney en
eral. Accordingly the Congress appro
printed the sum of five hundred thousand
dollars, to be expended under the direc
s xhaX KOyPTDm(.nt may be pr.
, promptly and with
,'t,,. .,. j.. ' w.. ....
BU(,h TioIntio of , ,,, ,his pnJ
L... ,.. ,.
ion, ot i ill iiisutri. wun nu:ii'-teui in-
ftr,lm,nt!lU., .d mip(.,ent
l!(,aur, lh, ,,lvtU-ati...is m4 trials
.hil-h
e uect-sgsry at msny rtlfTeri-nt
! points of the ra, ntry. I urte upon the ( on-
cress ths ncccssitv of mrl.lna the suld siv
prnprliiilon avHllsMe for imiiifitlnte cse far
n II stti-h purposes, to lie rsp,-!itts under the
dlr'-tlon of the Attnrney-Oneral.
Steps Imve lieeu taken by the Ktste De
partment looking to the making ef bribery
an extraditable offense with foreign pow
ers. The need of nwre effiatlve treaties
covering this crime la manifest. The ex
posures snd prosecution of official cor
ruption lu St. l.oiiln. lo., and other clih-s
snd Stati-s have result' d In a nomlier if
elvers slid tnkers of biibes becoming- fugi
tives In foreign lands. P.rtliery has n
I I. ..... Ix I.. , .1 I . I ..-, I KM
, " ""l1' "V
loiurf, Bm 111 Ilili-snii i fir ii uni ioi niin-
en. While there uny hsve been as much
official corruption In former years, there
has beea moredevelojied and brought to light
In the Immediate pst than lu the pre-etimg
century of our country's history. It should
be the pulley of the L'nlted States to leave
no plsce on esrth where s corrupt man
fleeing from this country can nut In nesee.
There Is a reason whv bribery shoold not
be Included In sll treatU-s as extraditable.
Alaskan Honndarr.
For severs! year past the rap)4 develop
ment of Alaaka and the establishment of
growing American Interests In region there
tofore onsiirveytd snd Imperfectly known
brought Into piouiluence the urgent neces
sity of a practical demarcation of the boun
daries between the Ji:i-lsilhrloiia of ths
Tnlfed Ftate and (Jrent Britain. Although
the treaty of IS1T between (Jrest Ilrltnln
and Kiissln, the provUlona of whlen were
copied In the treaty of s7. wLii-"-1t Ris
la conveyi-d Alssks to the t' lilted Stnt'-s,
ns pcf'tlve as to the control, nrst hy Itus
sl.i ano" later hy the I nlted Stntcs, of a
strip of territory along the i-oiitlni-iit.il main
land from the western shore of portl.-ind
I'sna! to Moout t. Klbis. following and
surrounding the fnftcnr.-if 1-vns of the const
snd Inch. ding the Islands to the westward.
Its deserlptlnn ef the laudnard margin of
the strip wss Indefinite, rusting on tin. sup
posed existence of a coi,tliinou rlilge or
lange of moniitaiiis skirting the eMt, ss
neiired In the charts of the nr!r nnilL'uters.
It bad at no time been nnsslhle for either
party In Interest to lay down, under the
iti'thnrlty .f he treaty, a line so otirlously
exai t oi-cordlng to Its provisions s to com
inand the assent of the other, r'er nearly
three-fourths of a century the absence of
tangible loal Inten-ats di niaii'Ilng the es
erclse of positive JutlK(fl-t!eii on ehh-r side
of the border left the question dormant A
permanent disposition f the maitrr nnally
becsme imperntive.
After niiavsllliig Btienu rs fo reacn an ms
derslandlng through s Joint High t'ommhv
sion, followed by prolonged negotiations,
condneted In an ami' able spirit, a conven
tion between the Milted Mates and tireat
Itrttnln was slirneo. January Si, iwgi. pro
viding for an examlnntlon of the subject
hy a mixed tribunal of six nieniliers. three
on a side, with s view to Its final dispo
sition. Kstlncstlons were exchanged on
March S Inst, icretipon trie two uovern
menta sptolnted their reeetlve meraher.
(in the tn-entletb of (ktoher a urn-
Jorlty of the trlbcnsl rear-bed and sliiicd
(in agrcemeni o'l.au me ijni-sfnius snomtiieo
hy the terms of the convention. My this
o.oi-il the rlzht nf the I nlted ttste to the
rontrr of a contlniioes strip or hordi-r of
the m.ilnlnnd shore, skirting all th tide,
water Inlets and alnunsith-a of the coast. Is
confirmed.
It Is of great ninterlsl advantage to our
the result i sniisTscxorj ,o every way.
.eol.is In Ihe far Srrthwesl. It has re
moved from the Held nf discussion mid
possible danger a question ! bible tn become
more acutely accentuated with each passing
year. Finally, II ha furnished a signs)
proof of tbe fslrness snd good will with
which two friendly nations ran apprnm n
and) determine Issues Involving national sov
eretgatr. Claim Agra'net Veeeanela.
It will be remembered thst dnrlag the
esceao !.. f the last Coogna Oreat
uwoin liana, sixt Hals formed aa alll-
Mmtm lit Ms ouruoa of hlcckadtmr tbe
tsta of their aub-cts. Their ercploimrat
fen-e for tbe eilt-lUsB 4 tbee clatm was
terminated If su Sfreetzietii broubi aooul
llin.uvb the orh.-rs of the dlpiomsttc tvpre
seutxtlves ef I He I nll.-J Suin mt Carsiss
sad ttir 4joverHOetit st Washington. tb-re-hy
endlag a situatl--n wbh-b tsjuud to
. ii rnii:;g frii tioa. ssd wfcirb jenpir
dtred tbe pea- f the cotitloeut. I nder
this agreement Venezuela agreed to H
aisirt a certsla s-rr-eiitage of tbe customs
reeeipu of two of ber ports ta be applird
ta the paynieiit of abatt-ver obligations
might 1st asi-ertatned by mixed com in is
loua appointed for that pur) te be due
from br-r, not only tu tbe three powers al
ready of ntloned. a buse proceedings against
ber Lad resulted Id a slate of war. but ala
ta tbe United Klat, Frsuce, Bpala, Hel
flum. the Netberlauds. hwrdt-u and Norway,
sud Mexico, vie bad not rtni4oyed force
fur tbe co! left lou of tbe claiiD alleged to be
due ta certain of I heir rltlteua.
A demand was then made by tbe so-called
blockading power (bat tbe sums aiernaln
rd t be due to tbelr rttlarua by su b
iuiX4rd comuilssloiis sbuld tie accorded pay
oietit la full before anytbtog wa paid
upoo tbe claim of auy of tbe so-called
pta isjwers. Veneziifla. n tbe otuer
baud. Insisted that all ber creditor should
be bald upon a basis of exact equality,
liurlug tbe efforts to adjust tkls dispute It
was suggested by the powers In Interest
that It should be referred fo me for de
rision, but I waa clearly of tbe opinion
that a far wl-r course would be to sub
mit the question to tbe Permanent t'ourt
ef Arhltiattou at The Hague, it seetned
ro me to offer an aduilrahle opiortuulty to
sdvauee the pra-tb-e of tbe p4aeful settle
ment of dtftpitn belwis-u fist loua and to se
cure for the Hague Tribunal a mr mora hie
luerease of Its practb-al luiportanre. The
nation interet-d In the controversy were
so numerous sud In many tiistHu-ea so
powerful as to niske It ei hi-nt that ts-ti,-ll-cent
results would follow from tbelr sp
Msninee at the aauie ti:tie before the bsr
uf tit ,u,.i.t t.-il.,.i.l -f sre.
tiur lir In that n-gard have been real
lxd. Uussla and Austria are rpri-eutd
In the persons of the learued and distin
guished Jurists who iouipoe the trllMiual.
while tjreal Itrltstu, ijerinaiiy. l-'raiu-e.
Spain. Italy, I'etglum, the Nethcrlanda,
hw-den aiid Nis-way, SJeilco, tbe I tilted
Mat,-, aud Veiit-zut-la are rr'preaented by
tbelr resr-tlve agents and couiisel.
There seems gorsl ground for the lellef
that there bat U-en a real growth m ng
the clviilzr-d nations of sentiment whl b
will permit a tiiid in I snbrtltiitlou of other
uoiIkhIh ibsn the method of war In the
ntllouieiit tn d'sputia. It Is not pretended
that as yet we are near a posltlou In wbb b
It will E.e possible wholly to prevent war.
or that a Just regard fur national Interest
and bnor will lu hII cases permit of the
settlement of International disputes by sr
Miration; but by a mixture of prudence
sud nruincsa with wisdom we think It Is
possible to do away with mucb of the proro
tatlon and rxeuse for war, and at least tu
many cases to substitute ,uie other and
more rational method fur tbe settlement of
dispute
Kelutlons with Turkey and China.
tariy In July, having received intelligence,
whlih happily turned out to be erroueous,
of the assassluiti Ion of our Nice Consul
t I'elnit, I il!spt bwl a stmill squadron
to that port for such service us might be
found uceessary on srrlval. Although the
sllempt ou Ihe life of our Vli ousul
bad not becu successful, yet the outrage
was symptomatic of a stiite of exelteiueiit
and disorder w hp-b demanded luiiucdlate at
tention. The arrival of the vessels had the
happiest result. A fi-ellug of security at
onee took the place of I be former alarm
sod disquiet; our ofle-eis were loiulnlly
welcomed hy tbe consular body and tu
leading tnrrebauis, and ordinaty busluesa
resuuu-d Its activity. Tbe uoverumeut of
the Sultan gave a considerate bearing to
the representations of our minister; the of
belal who was regarded a responsible fur
the Ulsiurlwd rondltlou of atliilr waa re
moved. Our reiutioiiB with tue Turkish
(Jovernmeiit remuiu frleudiy; our claims
fouud-d ou Inequitable treat uietit of some
of our school, aud missions appvar to be lu
process of smlcahle aUjcsliueut.
Tbe slulug f a new commercial treaty
with thins, which look place si bbaugbul
on tbe bib of October, Is a cause (or satis
faction. This sc., Ihe result of loug dis
cussion and tegoilatlou, piuees oar com
merciul relatioua wlib the great OrlcBial
Kiupire a more satisfactory fooling ibau
ibey have ever Uereiolore eujoyed. U pr-
vlues not omy lor Ihe ordiuary right aud
nrivlteves fit d:olouiMlc aud CUUsUtaV UlU-
ters, but alj for an Important eiieaalou
of our commerce by lui reas-d facility of
seces to biuese ports, aud lor tbe relief
of trade by jbe remoksl of some of lb
obstacles Kb'ili haw emlarrassed It la
tbe past. '1 be full measure ot develop
ment which our eumiuerce may riguifuuy
expect caa bardiy be looked fur uuill tbe
settleiueut of tbe present abnormal siuie
of ihiiigs in lb 1-uiptre; but ihe fouudu
tlon lu such uVvelopuis-ut has at been
laid.
Kural Free leliver.
Tbe rural fr delivery servU-e has been
steadily extended. 'Xbe aileoiiou of tbe
Lougres Is asked to lb question of the
t-utijpeiuatlott uf tbe letter earners aud
clerss vuguged lu the postal serv.ee, espe
cially oa tbe uew rural ree-deuvery routes.
Mora routes have bern Installed si net the
Drst of July last thau lu auy like period
lu tbe Ueparimvtit's blatury. While a due
regard to economy must be krpi tn miud
lu the estaboabuivut of uew routes, yet
tbe exleusuju of the rwral freedelivery
ayateia must be routlnued, for reaaous of
suuud public policy. No governmental
uiovemeui of receut years has resulted lu
greater Immediate beuebt to tbe people of
lb country dls.rtcts. Hural free delivery,
takes Is connection wlib tb telephone,
tue bicycle, aud Ihe trolley, aeeompllabe
uisch toward le -nlug tbe Isolatlou of
tariu lift aud ma jg It brighter aud wore
attractive. Hural Iree delivery Is not only
a good thing lu Itself, but Is good because
It la one uf the cause which check this
unwholesome tendency toward tbe urban
concentration of onr population at the ex
pense of the country dis.ricts. It Is for
the same reason that we sympathise with
and approve of the policy of building good
roads.
Alaska and Insofar PowPMions,
1 call your special attention to the Ter
ritory of Alaska, 'ihe country Is develop
1'ig rapidly, and It tuts su assured futur--.
The mineral wealth Is great and has ss yel
bardiy hern tapped. The Usheries, If wise
ly bandied and kept under national con
ml. will be a bunlue as permanent ss
say other, and of the utmost lupor anee
to tbe people. The forests If properly
guarded will form another great soun-e of
wealth. Portions of Alnska are lilted for
farming and slixk raising, although the
methods must be adnped to tbe pecul'ar
condition of tbe country. Alaska Is situ
ated la tbe far norib; but so are Norway
and Hwedes and Unwind: aud Alaska ran
prosper sad (day Its part Is the New
World just as those nations have prosper
ed sad played their parts In the Old World.
fif our Instilur possessions the Philip
pines and Port Nlco It is gratifying to
say thai their steady progress baa been
such as to make II unnecessary to spend
mucb time In dlscusslDg them. Yet the
Congress should ever keep In mind that a
Mculisr obligation rests upon as to fur
ther in every wny the welfare of these
roiuniuult'es. Tbe Philippines should be
knit closer to ss by tariff arrangements.
It would, of course, be impossible sudden
ly to raise Ihe people of the talnuds to tbe
high pbcb of Industrial prosperity and of
governmental etticlcncy to which they wl.l
In the end by degrees attain; snd the cnit
tios and moderation shown In developing
thein have beea among ibe utnln reasons
why this development hss hitherto gone
on so smoothly. Krnipiiliuis care ha lieeu
lakea to the choice of governmeuisl agems,
and ibe entire elimination of nurtlsaii noil-
lies trim Ibe public service. The eondl-
tion of rhe Islsudera Is lo material things
far belief than ever before, while tbelr
rovernmental. IntelleCtHSl, and moral ad-
i vsnee has kept pile with Ihelr iimterlsl
itiini. Vn on neonle ever benefited an
other people more than we hsve benefited
the Ffllpinoa by taking possession of the
Islsndk.
Pnhlle Lend I sm.
Rtperlenc ba ibowa tbat In tbe West
ern Mtste theaiselves, a well aa la lb
rest of tbe country, tbere Is widespread
rouvletloa Ibst certsla of tb aublle-laad
Isws snd tne recalling administrative prac
tice no longer meet the present seeds. Tbe
character snd Bses of the retnslalag nob
He leads differ widely from I ho of the
nabl'e lands wbleh Congress bad esoeelallf
In view when tbese laws were passed. Tbe
rsnMly sarretM rata a dlagiwal ef tbe
pSit tmt b sWk Mlawad b dsivr
sposdlng Increase la bone hnlldlng. There I
U a tendency ta maa la large boldlnr !
ij. j-ii - - - I
lauda. aud thereby la retard settlement, i
I renew aud empbaa'se my recommendation
of lat vear tbat so far tbey
ear that so far a tbey re avail-
ble for agticnltute In It broadest sense.
ssd whatever extee? h eaey be re
claimed ander tbe national lrHaatloa Isw.
the remaluiug public lands should be be.d
rigidly for the borne bu Ider. The atten
tion of the Congress Is especially directed
to ibe Umber aid fjnr law, ibe desert
land taw, and tb coni Hiatal loa clause of
Ihe homestead law, wbleh Is their opera
tion hsve la many respeeta conflicted with
wise puhl'r-land policy.
The work of reclamation of the arid
lands of tbe Weil la progressing steadily
and satisfactorily under tne terms of the
law setting (side tbe proceed from tbe
disposal of public land. Hurvey and ex-
nilnatlou s re progressing throughoal the
arid states and Territories, plana for re
claiming works being prepared and saased
uiiob by boarda of euglneers before approv
al by Ibe Secretary of lh Interior, la
Art son a and Nevada. In localities where
such work 1 pre-eminently needed, con
struction bss already bees Is-gua. In other
parta of tbe arid West various project are
well advanr-ed toward tbe drswlug op of
contrscts. these lie'ng delayed In part by
necessities of reat-hlug agreements or on
ders'sndliig regard rights of way or
eoulsition of real ette.
liurlug tbe year ended Jane Sn last 28,
Wft persons were sppolnred through com
petitive examination under Ibe clvll-ser-vto
rules. Ibis wss 111.IS72 more thsn
tnrlng Ibe prwedlnr yesr. and per cent
of tbose who passed tbe exa ruinations.
This sbnornial growth w laraely occa
sioned by tbe extension of classlhVarlon to
the rural free-delivery service snd tbe ap
IKi'ntmeut Isst vesr of over 8.0i0 rarsl
isrrler. A revision of the civil service
rnles trwik efTeet on April 15 Isst, which
has greatly Improved Iheir o,eratloft.
Army an ! avr. t
Tbe effect of Ibe laws providing a Gen
eral Staff for the Army sud for the more
effective use of tbe National usrd has
beeu excellent. (ireat Improvement baa
lieea made In the tfflcleuey of our Army
In reeeut years. Sur-h sr-houls ss those
erected at V'ort Lesveuworth snd Fort HI
ley and the Institution of fsd maneuver
work accomplish sstlsfactory results. Tbe
g.vod effect of these msneuvers upon the
Nstlonal 'iunrd la marked, aud aniple ap
propriation should be made to enable the
guardsmen of the several Ktatea to share
In the benefit. Tbe government should as
v-oon as polh:e secure sultabl perma
nent ramp sites for mllttsry msneuvers la
the vsrious sections of tbe conntry. The
service thereby rendered not only to the
Hegi.iiir Army, hi t 'to the National Guard
of the several Ktstes. will be so great ss
to repay many times over tb reltlvely
small eipeu-e. ' We should not rest satis
fied wl'b what bss been done, however.
T he only people w ho srr contented with a
ystem of promotion by mere seniority sre
inot-c who are contented with the tr'umph
of mediocrity over excellence. On the
other band a system which encoursged the
exercise of srx-isl or political favoritism In
promotions would be even worse. Hut It
wonld surely lie easy to devise a method
of promotion from grnde to grsde In wh'ch
the opinion of the higher officers of the
service upon Ihe candidates should be de
cisive upon the standing and promotion of
the Inner. Just snrb a system now ob-
Wtalns st West Point.
I besrtlly congrstttlnte the rongress opnn
the steady progress In building up the
AmerPan Nav y. csn not sfford a let
up In this great work. To stand still mean
to ro bsck. There should lie no ressstlnn In
sdding to Ihe effective milts of tbe fighting
strength of the fleet. Meanwhile the Nsvy
Department and Ihe oitteer of the Nsvy
sre doing well tbelr port by providing con
stant service at se under conditions skin
to those nf actual warfare. Our officers
snd enlisted men are lesrtilng to handle Ibe
hurtle ships, cruisers, snd torpedo host
with high efficiency In fleet snd squadron
formation, sud rhe atnndard of marksman
ship Is belue stesdlly raised.
It 1 eminently desirable, however, that
there should be provided a nsvsl general
ststT on line tmllnr fo those of the Gen
eral Staff lately crested for the Army.
Isthanl n Canal.
rty the set of June 28. lri the Congrc
uthorlxed the President ta enter Into tresty
with Colombia for the building of tbe rstial
across Ihe Isthmus of Panama; It being
provided that In the event of failure to se
er re such tresty sfter the laos of a rea
sonable time, recourse should is? bsd to
huliilliig canal through Nicaragua. It baa
rot been necessary to consider this alterna
tive, aa 1 am enabled to lay before tbe
hetiate a treaty providing for tbe building
of tbe canal across the isthmus of I'sosms.
This wa the rowte which commended Itself
to tbe deliberate Judgment of the Cougress,
snd we can now acquire by treaty the liubt
to rotivtract the canal over this route. The
quest b,if now, therefore, is not by which
route tbe Istbuilaa canal shall be built, for
that question bas been detlnltely aud Irre
vwabty decided. The question 1 simply
whet tier or but we alia II have su Istbuiiau
canal.
Whew the Congress directed thnt we
bsKild tske tbe I'siiams route under treaty
wUb Colombia, the raaeuce af tbe condi
tion, of course, referred not to tbe Gevern
liieut wbhb controlled that route, but to
the route Itself; to tbe territory screw
which tbe route lay, not to tbe name which
for the noment tbe territory liore on the
map. Tbe purpose of the law was ta author
ize Ibe President la make a treaty with tb
(wiwer In actual control af the Isthmus af
'a u a mil. Tbls purpose has lie en fulfilled.
In tbe year 1MI this Government en
tered Into a treaty with New Granada, tbe
predecessor upon tbe Isthmus of the He
public af Colombia and af Ihe present Re
public of l'a lis ma. by wbtcb treaty It waa
provided tbat the Government and cttlsens
or the United Mate tnouia always nave
free snd open right of wsy or transit aero
the lathmta of I'snams by auy mode of
communication that might be constructed,
while lit return our Government guaranteed
the perfeet neutrality of the above-mentioned
isthmus with the view tbat tbe
free transit from tbe one to the other ses
might uot be Interrupted or embarrassed.
Tbe treaty vested lu the lulled States s
substantial property right carved out of
Ihe rights of sovereignty and property
which New Granada then bad aud pos
sessed over the an Id territory. Tbe name
of New Granada bos pussed away and tta
territory baa been divided, its successor,
tbe Government of Colombia, has r-eased
iu owu any properly lu the Isthmus, A new
Keptiblb-, tunl of 1 'u no ma, which was at
one time a sovereign Mute, and at another
time a mere department of the successive
confederations known as New Granada aud
Colombia, has now succeeded to the rights
s hi' U tlrst one and then the other formerly
exercised over Ihe Isthmus. Hut aa loug
a tbe Istbmua endures, tbe mere geograpb-b-al
fan of Its existence, aud tbe peculiar
Interest therein which Is required by our
posltlou, perpetuate the solemn contract
which blnda tb holders of the territory to
respect our right to freedom of transit
across It, and binds u In return to safe
guard for the Isthmus and tbe world the
exercise of Ibat Inestimable privilege. The
true Interpretation of the obligation upon
bl h the I lilted IStalea entered In this
treaty of IM'I ha beeu given repeatedly
lu the utterances of Presidents aud Kecre
lartes of elate. Secretary Css lu 1S.V1 of
ficially stated Ibe posltlou of this Govern
ment as follows:
"The prngre of event ha rendered the
Intel-oceanic route acrosa the narrow no rt lull
nf Cent I America vastly Important to Hi
commercial world, and especially to the
1 lilted mate, wuose possession extend
alone the A tin title and I'aclrlt- coasts, and
demand Ihe apeeillivt and easiest modes of
communication. While the rigbta of sov
ereluty of the Btutes occupylug this region
should always tie respected, we shall ex
j peel that these rights be exercised In a
: prt befitting Ibe occsslon and the Wauls
,,, , lei-iimsliineea lh(il have arisen a,..
j ereKnty baa II duties ss well a Its
rlithts. and none of these local govern
meiiis. ereti If sdmlnlstered with more re
gard to the just demand of other na
tions Ibsn they hive been, would he per
mitted, lu s spirit of Ksstern Isolation, lo
close Ihe gates of Intercourse on Ibe great
highway of the world, and Justify tb act
hy tbe pretension thst these avenges of
trade and travel belong to them aad that
tbey ebnnae to abut them, or, what Is al
most equivalent, to encumber the wttb
sties unjoat relatione as wonM prevent
tbelr general ess."
Her en yean later. In 1Mb, Mr, skyward ta
different cajmawslcattone task tbe fetlewlag
The
take Interest is say question of n''
rrvolutloo la tbe ia!e r4" Psuaaia, or auj
ki.i. .rf tl. Inlrsi Ktslea of oUitntiia,
11 will maintain a -f.-t neutrality iu
eeuts - tlo wttb such doinesllc a""-"u';".
1 be t tilled Ms tea will, hevenneieaw.
themselves n-adv la oroteet Ibe transit
trade acrosa tbe Isthmus sgslust uivssioa
of cither domestic or foreign dislurners tn
tbe peace of tbe Mate of I'ausma
Neither Ihe text nor tbe idiit of the slip
ulatl. to that ank le by sbb h tbe Culled
state engage ts preserve Ibe neutrality
of tbe 1st U in u of t'auama. Imue a ub
Itgktloa on inla Governmeut to smply wtth
tbe requisition uf lb President of tbe
t'ulted states of Columbia for a fore te
protest tbe Isthmu of Panama from a body
of luaurgenl of that evunlryt. Tbe por
pae of Ibe stlpulatlun waa to guarantee
ibe latbum agiluat seuturc or luraaloa by
a foretan power only."
Attorney General Kpeed, snder date of
November 7, lStO, advised Secretary be ward
aa follows:
From this treaty It csn not be snp
Med that New Urausda invited tb United
Matea to become s party lo tb Intestine
troubles of tbat Uoverumeut. nor did the
Lulled htsle become bound to tske sides
In Ibe domestic bruits of New Granada. Tbe
United blatea did guarantee New Granada
la the overelguty and pruperty over tb
territory. 1 hi wa ss agsluat other and
foreign goverumenta"
For four hundred years, ever since shortly
after Ibe discovery of tbls hemisphere, tb
canal acrusa tbe Isthmus has beeu plauued.
For two score yer It bss been worked st.
When msde It Is to Isal for Ibe age. It
I to alter tbe geography of a continent aud
the trade route of tb world. We bare
shown by every treaty w have negotiated
or attempted to negotiate with the peopiea
In control of tbe Isttnuua and with for
eign nation lu reference thereto our cou
sUteut gwd faith lu observing our obllga
II. his; ou the one hand lo tbe eoples of the
Isthmus, snd on the other hand to the
, Ivlllxcd w-rid whose rommerr Lai rights
we sre ssfegnirdli.g snd guaranteeing by
our ar-tloti. We have done our duty to oth
er lo letter ud lu ajilrlt. and we bare
shown the utmoat forln-arauce la exacting
our own rlghta.
l-ast aprlng. under the act Imvs referred
to, treaty win-Hided iHtweeu the repre
sentative of tbe Itepuhlle of Colombia i id
of our Government wa rstilled by the fi n
ate. Tbl treaty was entered lino at tbr
urgent solicitation of Ihe jieople of Colom
bia and after body of ciperta appointed
hy our Government especially lo go Into the
matter of tbe route serosa Ibe Isthmus bnd
pronounced uusnlmonsly In fsvor of tne
I'auuma route, lu drawing up this treaty
every i-oiiceaslon wss msde to tbe people
snd to the Government of Colombia, we
were more thsn Just 111 desllng wlib them.
Our generosity was su. h ss to make It a
serloiit ouestlon whether w had uot gone
too far lu tbelr Interest t the exueiis of
our own; for la our scrupulous desire to
pay all possible beid not merely to the
real but even to the fancied rights of our
wesker nelgblmr, wlio lresdy owed so much
to our prote, tlou sud inrbearain-e. we yield
ed In all possible wa)S lo ber ib-slre lu
drswlng up the tresty. Nevertheless the
Government of Colombia not merely re
pudiated Ibe treaty, but repudiated It lo
aucb manner aa lo make It evident by tbe
time the Colombian Congress sdjoiirned thst
not the scsnttest hope remained of ever get
ting saltsfsitory treaty from them. Ihe
Uoverumeut of Colombia made the treaty,
aud yet when the Columbian Congress was
rsllrd to rstlfy It the vote galust ratifi
cation wa unanimous. It doc uot pper
that tbe Uoverumeut made uy rvai effort
tu secure ralillcatlon.
Itev lutlon In Panama.
Immediately after Ihe adjournment of
tbe Congress a rvvoluilou broke out In
Panama, lb people uf Panama bsd luug
been diseonienied wuh Ihe ttepublie of lo
lombts, aud tbey bad beeu kept qulel only
by lb , prospect of lb conclusion of tb
reaty, which wss to them a matter of vi
tal concern. When It became evident that
tbe tresiy wss bope'essly lost, lb people
of Panama rose lueially s oue man. Not
snot wss tired by a single man on tb
(alliums tn Ibe Interest of lh Colombian
Government. Not life was lost lu tb
sccompilsbment of Ibe revoiuilun. The Co
lombian troops sisibiued on the Isthmus,
who bad luug been uupsld, msde common
rsus wlih tb people of Pausms, snd
with astonishing uuaulmlty the new Itepub
tlc was siartrd. 'Ibe duty of tbe Culled
Stales In lh premises waa clear. In strict
accordance wlib the principles laid down
by berretar! Cas aud heward in the of
e...i.i diwnimenia above uuoied. tbe United
Males gave notice Ihat It would permit the
lauding of no expeditionary force, the ar
rival ot wbU-b would turiti cbaos snd de
struction along tbe Hue of tbe railroad aud
vyf tbe proposed eauat, and an interruption
of transit as an Inevitable rdhaequeuce.
Tbe de facto Government of l'susma
was recognised In the following telegram
to Mr. Ehrinan: "Tb people uf Panama
have, by apparently unanimous movement,
dissolved their political connection with
Ihe Itepuhlle of Colombia snd resumed
their Independence. When you are satla
ticd that a de facto government, republican
in form and Without snhstsntlsl opposition
from Its own people, hss been established
In tbe Kla'e of Panama, you will enter
Into relations with It ss the responsible
fovernuient of the territory and look to It
or all due actlna lo protect the person
and property of eltlsens of the United
Ktatrs and 1 keep opes tbe Isthmian tran
sit, tn accordance with the obligations of
existing treailea governing Ibe relations
of the t'nlted State to that territory."
Tbe Government of Colombia wss soil- I
Bed of our action by the following tele-
fram to Mr, Keaopre; 'The people of
'nam having, by aa apparently unani
mous movement, dissolved tbelr political
connection with the Itepubile of Colombia
and resumed their Independence, nd hiv
ing adopted a government of their own, re
publican In form, with which tb Govern
ment of the United Htate of America haa
rnterrd Into relation, the Fresldest of
the United Htete. In accordance with th
ties of friendship whlrh have so long and
so happily existed between the respective
nations, moat earnestly commend to lb
Government of Colombia and of l'nm
lh peaceful and eqnltabl settlement of
sll questions st Issue between them. Tl
holds that be la boond not merely by tresty
obligations, bat by the Interests of drill
ration, to see thst the peaceful traffic of
the world across Ibe Isthmus of Panama
sball not longer be dlxtnrtied by a constant
succession of unnecessary and wasteful
civil wars."
When these events happened, fifty-seven
yesrs had elapsed since the United States
hsd entered Into Its tresty with New
Granada. during thsl lime the Govern
ments of New Granada snd" of Its suc
cessor, fnlmnhia hsve been In a constant
state of flux. There have been revolu
tions, retie.llons. Insurrections, rlols, and
other outbreaks, numbering .'') for the 67
yesrs. It Is a fact tbat one of them lasted
t uesrly three yesrs before It wss quell
; another for nearly a year. In short,
Ihe experience of over half a century bss
sbown Colombia to lie utterly Incapnble nf
keeping order nn Ibe Isthmus. Only the
active Interference of the Un'ied States
bas enabled her to preserve n much as a
semblsnce of sovereignty. Hsd It not
been for Ihe exercise hy th United Htate
of th pol'ce power In her Interest, ber
connection with th Isthmus would have
been sundered long sgo. In ISTid, In Isig),
In Is7:i, In ls5. In lil. snd again In H"'i.
sailors snd murines from United Htates
war ships were forced to land In order to
pstrol the Isthmus, to protect life and
property, and to sr thst ihe transit across
ihe Isthmus wss kepi open. In IWI, In
ltturi, snd In tl.Hl, the Colombian Govern
ment asked thst the United Stale Govern
ment would land troops to protect Its In
terests and maintain order on lb Isthmus.
tolombin's Latest I rofioaition.
Pernios th must extraordinary reuuest
la that which baa Just beeu received aud
wbtcb run, ss follows:
"Knowing thst revolution bss already
commenced In I'ansma tsu eminent Coloui
blani ssys thst If Hie Government of the
United Htates will land troops to preserve
Colombian sovereignly, and tbe lrnsli, If
requested by 1 ulniublan rbarg d'affaires,
. S I . ..I miii. .1 l .,.,.1,1 I , -
and, by virtue of vesied eonstltntloosi
authority, when public order I dlatnrbed
will approve by decree th ratloratloa ol
Ihe ransl tresty ss signed t or. If .ths Gov
erameal ef Ibe Uslted tale ore'era, will
call eitra sesalos of tbe Congress wttb
new ssd friendly members ueii May te
annrev tb tresty. Us emlsest Celom
blaai baa Ibe perfect coaftdeoc ef vies
nreaMent, be says, and If II became see
nary will ge in tbe Isthmae sr seed renre
eentallre I bore to adinet east byes atse
abevjjlnaa k tbe aatloxgssllen af tW aa
Thl dispatch Is noteworthy from tw
staudpotms. It offer of lajioedlsteif
guaranteeing tbe treaty t ss Is Is sbarn
contrast with tbe positive and conteoipte
ous refusal of th Congress which h Jtist
closed lis session lo consider fvobty
tuck treaty; it shows Ibst lb guvers
meui wbleh msde ibe tresty re:iy had sh-
uiute couirui o.ef tb a.luuoa. wi
not choose ia exercise Ibis coat rot. The
dlspsti h further call aa us ts rest or or
der ad secure CokioiWss supreuiscy la the
Isthmus I run which the Culooiblsa Gov
ernment hss Jasi by Us set ion decided to
Par as ty preventing ths csmstruetJeo of
tb cstisl.
oci-rol ofOreat IaBnrtans.
Tbe control, lh th interest of tb eaas
merce sad Irs Uie of th wuole rtvlllasd
world, of the sieans of undisturbed Irwassx
cross lb lstbtnus of Panama bas beea
ef transcendent Imports oi-e to Ihe Csdled
htste. W hv repetedly xrrtd I hi Q
control by latrrvealng In the course ef do- 'W
meatlc dissension, and by proteetlsg the
territory frwm forelga lovasloa. Is laH
Mr. Kverett assured tbe Feruvlsa mlslsler
thst w should not hesltst t BaaMUsn
th neutrality of the Uthmu Is ta
of war between Peru and Colombia. IS
lb4 Colombia, which ha alwy beea vtgt
laot to avail Itself of Its privilege eoav- .
ferred by lb treaty, el pressed Its eiaee- jg
tatlon that la tbe veot of war Between ,
Pern nd Hpaln tb United Btle
crry Into effect the ftisrsotv if neeirsU
ty. Tbere hsve been fw admlnlstraUaae
of th Ktt department In wbleh that
tresty bas not. either by tbe on ld
lb other, been used s bls of more
or less tmportsnt demsnds. It ws ald
by Mr Fish In 18T1 that th llprtnent
of Ktt bad reasoa to bellev thai as at
tack upon Columbian sovereignty on the
Isthmus bad. on severs! occasion, beea
verted by warning from tbla g.arerumenU
lo IsMV, when Columbia ws under ths
menace of bostllltle from ltly In tbe
I'errutl ce, Mr. I!ayrd eipressed th -rlous
concern thst lh United Htste coald
not but feel tbat Ku ropes n power should
resort to forr-e sgsinsi a sister republic of
this hemisphere, ss to the sovereign and
uninterrupted use of a part of whose terri
tory we are guarantors uuder lh olemB
fall h of s tresty.
Ths abov. recltsl of fsels estshllshes
beyond qnesth-B: First, that the United
Htste has for over half a century pa
tiently aud lr good fsltb carried out II ob
ligation under the treaty of 1M8; second,
that when for the first time It beesuie pos
sible fur Colombia lo do suytblng In rs-
3ults) of the services Ihus p-peird:y ren
ered to It for flfty-even yesrs by th
I nitrd Htste. the olouiblsn Government
peremptorily nd offensively refusi-d tbn
ta do It psrt, er,n though to do so would
hsve beeu tu Its sdvsntsge snd Immeasur
ably to the advantage of the Htate of Pan
ama, at tbat lime under Its Jurisdiction! "
third, thst throughout this period revoln-
tlons, riots and factional dlsturbsnces of g
every kind hsve occurred on sfier lb ft
other In lmost onltiterrtipted iirecsslee, V.
some nf them Isstlug for months nd evea
for yesrs, wbl.e th centrsl government
wss unshle lo put them down or ta Bisks
petes wlib the rebels: fourth, thst the
disturbances Instestl nf showing sny sign
of abating hsve tended to grow more as
meroas snd no-re serious In the Immrdlsts
pst; fifth, thst the control of Colombia
orer Ihe Isthmus of I'snstn could not be
maintained without th rmed Intervention
and slstsnee of the .United Hlstes. la
other words, th Government of Columbia,
though wholly unable to mslntslB order
on the Isthmus, hss nevertheless declined
to ratify a treaty the conclusion of which
opened the only chsoc lo ecur Its own
stshlllty nd to gtisrante permanent peace
nn, and the construction of a csnl srroas,
the Isthmus
Under such rlrcomstsnces the Oovers
ment of the United Htstes would hsve .
been guilty of folly and weakness, amount
Ing In their snm lo a crime against th na
tion. hd It scted otherwise thsn It did
. when th revolution of Nov. S Isst look
Pise In Psnams. This greet enterprise
of building the Interoeeanlr eaaal cannot
lie held tip to gratify the whims, or out of
respect to the governments! Impotence, or
to the even more sinister and evil political
peculiarities, f people who. thongh they
dwell sfsr off, sgnlnst the wish of th
sctusl dwellers on the Is'hmns. assert sn
unreal snpremscy over the territory. Ths
possession of territory frsncht with snrh
peculiar capacities ss the lathmns In nties-
tlon csrries won it nuiian'iou i u
Irlnd, The course nf events hss shown thst
this canal cannot be built by private enter-
prise, or br sny other nntbn than on a
own: tnerernr it most oe iraiu ij mw
United Htste.
Mast Now Tee1 with fa nam.
Every effort bss been made by ibe Gov
ernment of the United Htstes tn persnsde
Colombia to follow course which wss
essentially tint onlv to nnr Interests nd te
tbe world, but tn the Interests of Colombia
Itself. These efforts hnv failed: snd Co
lomhls, by her persistence In repnrslng the
advances thst have been made, has forced
us, for the sake of onr own honor, and of
Ihe Interest and well being, not merely of
our own people, tint of the people of the
Isthmus nf l'snsms and the people of the
civilised countries of the world, to take de
risive step tn bring tn an end a condition
of sffslr whlrh hsd beenm Intolerable.
The new Kepuhlle nf I'anntus Immediate
ly offered to negotiate a treaty with as.
Tbls trcnty I herewith submit. Fly It onr
Interests are better safernnrded thsn la tbe
treaty with Cnlnmbl which wss ratified by
the Henste st it last session, it ss oetle
In Its term thn the trestle offered to ns
by the Itepuhlle nf Mcarsgmi and Cast
Klc. At Isst the right to begin this great
undertaking I made available. Panama has
done her pari. All that remain la for the
Amerlon Congreee t on ita part ana rertb
with tbls Keonblle will enter anna tbe
execution nf a project cnloaaal In Its slae
snd of well nigh incaicslsiile poaslldlttlaa
for Ibe good of tbat country sud Iks na
tion of mankind.
Itv the nrovlslona of the treaty the United
Plates guarantees and will matntnln the In
dependence nf the Itepubile nf Panama.
There la granted to the United "tales la '
perpetuity the use, occupation, and control
of, s strip ten mile wide and extending
three iiauiirst mne intn tne sea st either
terminal, with sll lands lying outside of
ths tone necessary for the const met Inn of
the canal or for Ita annulary work, snd
with tie Islands In the liny nf I'snams,
Ths ritle nf Panama and C'nlnn are not
embraced in Ihe cnl rone, hut the United
Htntes assumes their sanitation snd. In case
nf need, th mnlntennnce of n-der therein:
the United Ktotes enjoys wltbln tbe granted
limits sll tue rictus, power, sud authority
whl'-b It would possr-ss were It the sovereign
nf th territory lo the exclusion nf Ihe exer
cise of sovereign rights by the Itepubile. All
rsllwsy and csusl prn(ierty rlt-hls belonging
to l'snsms and needed for th canal lias
tn the United Ktatc. Including sny property
or the resective companies in in ctiiew or
Panama and Cnlnn: the works, properrfA
and personnel of ihe canal and tsilwafs
are exempted from taxation a well la ths
itttes of Panama and Cnlnn aa tn th canal!
son and Its dependencies. Free Itnmlgrs- ,
tion of the personnel and Itnportstlon of
supplies for the cnnstnictlnn aud operation
nf the canal sre granted. Provision la msde
for lh use nf military fore and the build
ing of fortifications by Ibe United Htstes
fur the protection of the transit. In other
detail, particularly as lo the ar-qnlsltpvu of
the Intervals of Ihe New I'snsni Canal
Company and tb Panama Railway by the
United male snd lb coiidetnnatlnn of prl
vste property for the uses of Ihe canal, tbe
stipulations of the May llerrun tresiy are
closely followed, while ihe compensation to
lw given for these enlarged grants remains
the same, being ten millions nf dollars psy
shl n exchange of rntiri.-stlons; and. be
ginning nine years from thill date, an nw
nual payment of fj.vj.iss) during Ihe life of
the couvenllon
THKODORB ROOSBTElrT.'
Positively I'rntal.
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typewriter boarder, who waa Intswatew
Id atallHllca.
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bachelor at ttj foot of tta tabby, MBT
wait It until noma fool mao
flnlia. I Atl Mrl.V. 1 tA StaiS af
wwwwh s ws wss whis a amass ww
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