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About The Sioux County journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1888-1899 | View Entire Issue (April 29, 1897)
AORICULTUA' NEWS THINGS PERTA'NG TO THE FARM tiD HOME. L Furl Value flf "rn Compared with Cool-Expr,"c, to tne Co of , Bolter j'Etcrn Cunida-How to Feed or-' penuth. Fnel Val ne of Corn Tue'rWMnt abundance and low price 0f 'n throughout tlie Northwest lias oar,,(1 1 t0 b usfl a fuel by hun lfds of farmers and by some dwell ex la tlie towns. To tost tbe economy if thin practice, the station burned f 5,232 pounds of corn in a furnace un der a boiler, and a careful account was kept of tlie quantity of water evapor ated by the beat The next day a like quantity of coal was used, and a care ful account kept of the quantity of wa ter evaporated (converted into steam). The experiment proved , that one pound of coal will evaporate nearly twice as much water as one pound of corn the exact flares being one and nine-tenths ilmes as much. The coal used cost $0.05 per ton in Lincoln, and according to that price the corn was worth, for burning, $3.50 per ton, or 12 cents per bushel. When coal Is worth $4.87 per ton. corn Is worth, for burning, 9 cents per bushel; when coal Is worth $5.41 per ton, corn Is worth 10 cents; coal $5.85, corn 11 cents; coal $6.49, corn 12 cents; coal $7.11, corn 13 cents; coal, $7.57, corn 14 cents; coal $8.11, corn 15 cents. But, by burning corn, the farmer saves hauling the corn to town and hauling the coal home. An other consideration, however, Is this: Way it not pay better to hold the corn till next year than to burn it? Two years ago wheat was so cheap that farmers were feeding it to hogs; now It is well up In price. It is not unlike ly that corn may go the same road. Bulletin of Nebraska Experiment Sta tion. The Coat of Mutter. A very close calculation was made by a writer, "F. J. S.," In the Farmers' Advocate hint year on the cost of but ter in Eastern Canada. He divided the question Into three parts: "Grass but ter." "fall butter," and "winter butter;" mid worked It out ou the basis that a cow gives 5,000 pounds of milk, yield ing 200 pounds of butter, and that she milks nine months. Laltor is charged at 10 cents an hour, Intard Included. The strictly grass but ter season he puts at two months, May 20 to July 20. The total cost for feed, labor, milking, caring for milk, churn Ins and marketing ho. puts at $5.80 per cow for sixty days. lie then charges up to this "grass butter" the proportion of cost of keeping the cow three months In Idleness, which is $1.33, making a total of $7.13, which brings the cost of the ninety jiotinils of butter which was produced ou grass by a two-huudred-pound cow to lo eight cents a pound. The fall period he placed at ninety days. For this jterlod tlie cost per pound of butter was found to be tif teen cents. The cost of winter production for a period of 120 days, with ensilage used, Is placed nt 'MVa cents, while the cost of milk per 100 pounds was found to Iks 68 cents. Feed Inn for Strength. It is not accidental that oats, the grain which, next to whole wheat, Is best for furnishing growth to the mus cles, should have always been the fa vorite food for horses. They are better than wheat for all animals except man, and as good also for man, If properly prepared. It Is the large proportion of hull which makes oats superior for horse feed, us the hull distends the nu triment and prevents it from compact ing and heating In the etoitiucb. Oat grain not only contains a large amount of nitrogenous nutriment, but It lias be nldes a certain stimulative sutwtawe, which Is peculiar to the oat. Covered Kiina. A covered run Js-absolutely neces sary for the well-being and comfort of poultry. If It rains and snows, they must have shelter; If the tierce rays of the sun beat down upon them, they like to lie able to get Into the shade. If your fowl-pen Is small. It should be covered over with rooting felt, boards "or zinc. There Is an objection to two-story poultry-houses. The ground floor may make a neat-looking run, but it has Its disadvantages, and the main one li that If It snows or rains during the day the fowls crowd under, and very prolmbly remain there all night long rather than step out into the storm for the purpose of going to roost In the proper place. In summer, the fowls would liot take much barm, hut In winter pne night of exposure like this would mean death or disease, nnd certainly It would not be likely to add to Jhe supply of eggs.Mogaachusetls Ploughman. Top Dressing Poor Knotty. It U often hard work to get a clover ceding on the dry, elevated knolls In grain fields. Luck of moisture Is usual ly the cause. But the evil may be reme died by drawing a few loads of stable manure and spreading over these knolls. The manure not only protect the young -clover plants, but It also holds tlie moisture In the soil by cheek ing evaporation. A few times seeding the knolls fhua will make them as rich as any part of hhe field. It la usually the lack of clover seeding on such places that has kept them poor. Pralatnt Mllkara. Bach rear In keeping cows conflrma ma more and more In the belief that the natter of having persistent milkers la largely under our control. As Illustra tive of this, a certain cow In our herd, win to lack of, grain feed at milking tJaee, waa dry, for six months, and yet, uCar tor treatment, aba can be mUawd the year round. Two years ago we Ixuglit n cow that I picked out for a perHlMcnt milker, but she had been carelessly handled and poorly fed, and was dry three or four months. This fall we wanted to dry her In time to give her sixty days' rest, but found her still giving four or five quarts daily. Much is said nowadays about milking continuously, If cows will do so. I have had a number of cows that could be milked without difficulty, and oc casionally have done so, but have al ways found It resulted In a losa. The cow needs at least eight weeks' rest, and will do enough better when she cornea in to pay for 1L Hoard's Dairy man. Phosphate for Timothy. The wheat plant belongs to the fam ily of grasses, and all these need phoa phate to perfect their seeds, as well aa for the general welfare of the plant. Whenever timothy is sown with any grain, esiiecially in the fall, no smali part of the phosphate used for the grain crop goes into the subsequent crop of gram. The grain may retard the tim othy growth the first year, but the phosphate will show In fbe growth of grans for several reasons. Timothy roots do not run far. When the phos phate Is applied with the drill, as rt al ways should be, the grass gTowth will show the drill mark tm long aa the land remains seeded. American Cultivator. New Use for Greenhouses. Tlie decreased cost of constructing and managing greenhouses is leading to a great multiplication of their nuni ler, and as another result of the uses to which they are put. A Philadelphia owner of numerous greenhouses, for which he could' not find profitable use, devoted several to the growing of pota toes. Of course in rich soil and with abundant warmth and moisture, the crop was very large. He had home grown wtntoes as early as they could be Iwought from the South, and made a fair profit by selling at the same price Ier iveck as new potatoes brought per bushel a few weeks later. Team lloraea, I think If we could have a larger brcrd of horses started there would be money In raising colts for team pur poses, as I think a native colt at four years of age weighing twelve hundred pounds would bring from $125 to $150, and It seems as though It might be made to pay to raise colts for these prices, and I would much rather have a pair of such horses than those brought from the West and Canadn. It will pay you to breed your farm mares this year, If they are good ones. If they are not good, keep selling and trading until you get good ones. A good team tells a good farmer. Farm News. Cropplnz Bearing Orchards. It require) some extra profitable crop, and one that will itself pay for a good deal of mnnure, to make the cropping of a bearing orchard pay. We have seen it done with both blackberries and raspberries, both of which do well when partially shaded, and which will not suffer from drought, as do most of the crops grown In orchards. On no ac count should grain crops be grown In the on-hard, unless It be where young trees have grown to bearing size, but without producing a crop. Even then the result Is better accomplished by sowing clover, to be grown for a year or two. Exchange. Perchorona. The horse Is a noble animal, but I think the time may come when elec tricity will crowd him out. Our mow ing machines, horse rakes and wagons of all kinds will be shooting around, and not a horse to be seen. But for the present for farm wear, would have 1'ercheron horses weighing from ten to twelve hundred, and the feed should be cracked corn and oats, equal parts every time. Farm News. Odds. And Kurt's. Powdered alum applied to a fever sore will prevent It from becoming un slirhtlv or noticeable. A thermometer to be fastened upon , captivated the people, and when the the oven door Is one of the most useful vote was cast Miss Bunch was the of articles to the cook. With this the j choice over all. heat of the oven can be determined Mrs. Mary E. Sykes wo elected Su wlthout owning the door, and the bak-: perintendent of Schools In Warre-i Ing of cakes, puddings and souffles can be accomplished much more success fully. To make codfish balls, simmer to gether equal quantities of raw fish and potatoes cut In small pieces until tlie potatoes are thoroughly cooked. When done drain and mash; add a dash of white pepper, a little sweet milk and butter and the beaten white of one egg for every cupful of the mixture. Fry in hot pan, drain and serve at once. For Uie sewing room piece boxes In- stead of piece bags are much to be pre- forrtnl. Then niav lu built nlnlli? th wall, forming pigeonholes about elgh- teen Inches square, duly labeled for each member of the family, and for linings and patterns. A chintz curtain falls to the floor in front of such a cab inet, whose convenience has only to be tried to be amply demonstrated. To make linen beautifully white, use refined borax In the water Instead of soda or washing powder. A large handful of powdered borax to ten gal lons of boiling wa ter Is tlie proportion, and you will save oue-balf In soap by thin method. .Borax being a natural salt, does not Injure In the slightest , , . , Z I . en' a"n will soften the hardest water. , Both dinliclotbs and dusting cloths sbould be put through tbe wash regu- tarty and a fresh supply given out each week. This la done in order that they may pass Inspection regularly. - They should be washed ont carefully every day they are need, and dried at least once In the twenty-four hours In the open air. Thle will' prevent any dan ger of "death In the HUMaOT la the bene of mold end tbe germs of disease so often bred In putrid and effeoatre ( ALL ARE NEW WOMEN FIVE SCHOOL ENT8 IN SUPERINTEND ILL! NOIS. Representative Type of Up-to-Date American Womanhood Who Have Attained High Positions la Their Chosen Professions. Woman Educators. Here are sketches of fire women, prominent in educational circles In Illi nois. Each of them, made competent by her educational experience In public scfiool work, baa been elected by the peo'e of her county to fill the ofiice of Superintendent of Public Schools. Mlaa Nannie J. McKee, County Super intendent of Schools of Alexander County, Is an excellent type of Ameri can womanhood, being unusually bright and Intelligent, possessed of a sturdy self-reliance, yet Is womanly and sympathetic. She boa lived in Cairo nearly all her life, and graduated from the Cairo High School In the class of 1874. Soon after graduating she was employed In the local schools, where her tact and skill as a teacher caused her rapid promotion from one grade to another, until In a few years she was principal of the very school from which she had graduated. This position she filled to the complete satis faction of the Board of Education until Oct 27, 1891, when a vacancy occurred in the office of the County Superintend ent of Schools. The Board of County Commissioners appointed her to fill this position until the next annual elec tion. Almost without an effort she was nominated by the Republican conven tion of 1892 and elected by a handsome majority. Miss Mamie Bunch, Superintendent of the Douglas County Schools. Is one ' of the six women in the State who are at the head of school affairs, and as a Superintendent stands very high with the people, as she belongs to that pro gressive class that wishes to be abreast WOMEN SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS of the time. Miss Bunch owes her nom ination to her pluck, for at the Ume she was nominated In the summer of 1893 she entered the race with five popular men teachers who were aspirants for the honor.. It appeared to be the field ogninst the young woman, but for thir ty days prior to the date of the conven tion she made a thorough canvass of the county, mingled with the people, and appealed directly to the voters to assist her. Her winning manners, her Intelligence, and good common sense 1 County In 1894. rrevious to mat sne had been teaching In the city schools for eight years, and the latter part of that time as special teacher of draw ing. She had also taught this subject In county Institutes here and lu other portions of the State for four years. She secured the nomination for the of fice through her wide ond favorable ac quaintance with teachers and Influen tial people through the county. In the convention she got the necessary ma- ' . i . j . o.. .1 I ms wu. ""V'""?" campaign and waa elected without dlf- uxunj. i miss nam ii i. it umcuirerij, lue pres ent County Superintendent of Schools In Johnson County, was bora and rais ed In Johnson County, and Is now 35 ycats of age. After leaving the public schools she took the teachers' course at the Carrol Normal, and next went to I'aducah and spent one year as teacher and pupil In Prof. Thomas' normal school. She afterwards took the four years' Latin course at the Southern Normal at Carbondale, grad uating with high honors la 1808. Miss ... 1. T Yl't.l.. V.. .t.- Whlttenberg began teaching at the age of 10 and has been engaged In the work of ct1w, ten(.ntng for twelve or thir yrs. Her last year, teaching w ptinclviil 0, hlgh s, at Du quoin. She waa elected SnperlQtend- ent of Schools tn 1894. la devoted to her duties, and la, making one of the moat efficient and popular School ftnnsrin. tendents the county ever bad. Mrs. Hattte Porter Wilson, the Su perintendent of De Witt; ' mnty'a schools, waa bora at Clinton, r isao, and la daughter of tbe, late Jidvard porter, wno waa in eaocttM pfayel- rtn, scholar, And a soldier of the One Hundred nnd Seveoth tlllnola VohjuV teen. Her father died while aba wm quite a young miss, b-svlar upos her and her younger brothers the cure of a large family. She ceased her high school studies before final graduation to begin the work of teaching. She taught a number of terms in the coun ty, where her excellent success caught attention, and she was elected to the city schools. In which she has taught nearly eight years, being re-elected as many times. She aspired to the posi tion of Superintendent and won. Chi cago Tribune. Teaching- the Point of the Compass, Early in the commencement of the study of geography, the children should learn to locate the points of the com pass. They all know In what direction the sun rises; they may point toward the place where the tun rises. The teacher should inform herself by ob servation where the sun rises directly In the east and by the use of a compass get the, true direction of north. Let the pupils point to the setting sun. Some of the class may have visited a place east of the town where they attended school, as Buffalo, N. Y. Let the class point to the places named. It is best to have a compass in the schoolroom. Every child Is interested In watching the needle. Let the class point to the north. After the teacher has explained the direction of south, practice In the same way. The teacher may name promlent cities and give their directions In order that the class may be exercised In learning direction. Care must be taken lest the pupils associate points of the compass with different parts of the school-room. In order to test this, a pupil may be sent Into a rectitatlon room or a hall and di rected to point as the teacher or the class may direct. Afterward the Im mediate points may bo taught. When the directions are taught on the mop the teacher must use great care lest she speak of north on the, map as "up" or south as "down," and she should exact correctness of expression on the part of her pupils. But little time will usually be required to teach the points of the compass, as most chll- ILLINOIS. dren are familiar with them before en tering tbe primary school. Elementary Arithmetic Explanations and reasons, and pic tured Illustrations, have expanded the course of arithmetics, until the unfor tunate pupil Is lost in a wilderness of words, nnd does not find his way through In time to learn to cipher. The science of arithmetic receives so much attention that the art Is neglected; and the elements of the science are so much expounded that its higher parts are never reached. The primary object In the earlier years, from 7 to 15, should not be to develop the reasoning power, but to give familiarity with the forms of calculation; so that when a child Is asked n question he should not begin a course of analysis and reasoning based upon a model In the text-book, or given by the teacher, but should te gln Instantly to add, subtract, multiply, divide the numbers themselves, nnd give the answer in numliers Instantly. After the age of 12 he may begin to learn to explain. Life Is not long enough to spend so large a proportion of it on arithmetic ns Is spent In the modern system of teaching. Hill's True Order of Studies. The Bashful Boy's Piece. There were never two people exactly alike At least ho the philosophers sny And I know if the teacher and I were alike Not all would speak pieces to-day. I like to hear Jennie get up and recite, She does it in such a fine ityle; Her bair la so smooth, and her bands are so white. And she ha so complacent a smile. You hear every word, and each motion is grace, An actress could scarcely do better She'd as lief do all of the speaking, I guess, And I know I would cheerfully let her. But, oh, when John Wilson or I get the floor We seem to have conns here to stay; Our hearts heat like hammers, our feet weigh a ton And our hands are right square In the way. Cincinnati Public School Journal. While there to no objection to Brook ing cigars or pipes In the waiting-rooms of tbe Union Depot at Atchleon, Kan., the mandate bae gone forth that cigar ette smok!b la postUraly forbidden. IN Blacklisting of Workmen. One of the bills before Congress which la likely to give rise to no little discussion is that which defines the act of blacklisting men who have taken part in strikes as a "conspiracy against the United States." The object of the bill is to prevent large corporations, and particularly railroad corporations, from putting the names of strikers up on their blacklists, and thus largely depriving them of the chance to earn a living, says the San Francisco Call. According to reports which have come to us the bill excludes from its benefits all strikers who have engaged In law less acts In connection with a strike, lockout or other conflict between labor and capital, but It affirms the right cf every wage earner to leave his work whenever he pleases, and to leave it either by and of himself or In company with a multitude of others. There can be no question of the es sential Justice of such a measure. A strike Is no doubt frequently an act of folly, which results In damage to the community at large, but that is no rea son why the striker should thereafter find himself debarred by corporate in fluence from obtaining work. A com bination of large employers to keep in dustrious men out of employment by way of vindictive punishment Is as prejudicial to public welfare as any thing that could be well Imagined. The men who are thus shut out from all revenues of employment at the trades In which they are skilled are forced to Join the already too rapidly Increasing army of the unemployed and add ma terially to the mass of discontented men. In their discontent, moreover, there is a sense of Injustice which will add to its aggressiveness and tend to make it a menace to the general peace and public welfare. A folly Is not a crime, and ft should not be punished as such. Whenever a striker engages in a criminal act there are laws sufficient to punish him, and no corporation should presume to take the punishment Into Its own bands. No Aristocracy of Labor. Hard times have almost obliterated the aristocratic line drawn by labor. Labor unions have done much toward eradicating It, but hard times have proven a greater equalizer, says the Union Label Advocate. We find the once aristocratic telegrapher nicely en sconced In a box car with your gay and festive hobo print, making himself quite sociable and agreeable, willing even to share a few stray straws. The paper hanger, who heretofore prided himself as an interior decorator, is not now above doing the frelght-car-Jump act with the tinner, whom in earlier days be has passed unnoticed. And the print, who in former days was an ar tist, can now be seen almost any clear day disporting on the pikes with the grimy blacksmith as his companion. Nor Is it uncommon to find the carver In stone pedestrianizing with the build er of the foundation. And so you will find them all along the road, traveling together, sharing each other's Joys and sorrows, and tbe results of the other's panhandling. Yea, verily, these bard times have made strange bedfellows, and road fellows, too. If we had possessed this kindly feeling for each other long ago would we now be suffering? There Is a chasm yet open; let It be closed as rapidly and effectually as possible, so when better times come, if come they do, we will be prepared to stand firmly together and weather what storms may arise. Let it be as a warning to us. Our suffering should draw us closer togeth er to meet in battle a common enemy. Our war cry should be "The Universal Use of the Union Label." Labor Doesn't Like Rim. . Few labor men have had tbe poor taste to applaud Sovereign's last and most blatant bid for notoriety, the let ter In answer to Private Dalzell, says a writer in the Nashville Journal of Labor. Sovereign has, by bis erratic and shameless conduct since becoming general master workman of the Knights of Labor, distinguished him self as one of tbe most dangerous men In the labor movement As the tool of John W. Hayes he has assisted In drag ging the once great order down to a position where It It both distrusted nnd despised. His last move In having him self elected president of a so-called Re form Press Association shows how low down he has got In politics, as In every thing else. It's nbout time editors of the labor press of this country were getting out their machetes and going ont after Mr. Sovereign and his clique. The labor movement will be a great deal better off by his removal, as he has long ago shown himself to be, In our opinion, . unworthy of the confi dence of the working people. What to Do with Women. More than fifty women and girls were examined as witnesses In the Investi gation regarding tbe surroundings and wages of working women and girls In New York City, and as a result the la bor commissioner In his report, recent ly published, says: "It Is a puzzling problem for tbe statesmen and the philanthropist to determine what to do for tbe thousands of women and girls In tbe greater New York who work, and who are willing and anxious to work, and yet are not receiving wages enough to enable them to live aa human beings should live. It Is a difficult thing to point out an adequate remedy; In fact, tbe nearest approach to one la. It seems, the organisation f uatone of these working people, for wage work ers who are members of unions seem to receive better wages, better protec-. tlon and to have better surroundings than those who are not connected with labor organizations." Bestriction in Immigration. If the resoluUon, which would place tbe American Federation of Labor on record as opposing any restriction to, immigration, Is right, then the ethics of trade unionism Is wrong, says the Lo comotive Firemen's Magazine. If we have no moral right to prevent a non union Chinaman or a nonunion Italian coming to America to accept employ, ment at reduced wages, then by what right do we object to a nonunion na-' tive of the country accepting employ ment at reduced wages. Are we to curse an American scab for taking our places when we strike to sustain exist-' ing conditions and then Invite a horde, of people to this country who do not ap preciate the conditions we have main tained? Housing of Workine People. "The Housing of the Working Peo ple" is the tide of a report recently is sued by Labor Commissioner Carroll D. Wright, of the Federal Labor Bu reau, and It contains a number of mod el designs for small dwellings and resi dence blocks, and also a review of the work done by various societies in this and other countries organized to inau gurate sanitary reforms and abolish the slum districts In the larger cities. Tbe report declares that tbe Investiga tion clearly proves that tbe percentage of earnings of beads of families which is absorbed in the payment of rents Is far too high, and this Is the principal cause for all the overcrowding. Frequent Elections Beat. The executive board of tbe New Jer sey Federation of Trades Unions is out with a strong address against the pro posed amendment to the constitution by which it Is Intended to bold legisla tive sessions every two years. It points out bow the idea meets with the ap proval of ringsters and other enemies of good government and continues: 'Frequent elections and short terms of office may not be agreeable to official leeches, but they are of vital import ance to the perpetuation of government by the people, of tbe people and for the people." Labor Notes. Michigan printers object to having the State printing done in reformato ries, as the Legislature proposes. Beading, Pa., Iron Company has post ed the information that the wages of their 2,000 workmen must be reduced. Cleveland Building Trades' Council will demand eight hours on April 1. Carpenters secured this a year ago without a strike. Several university professors who signed a declaration in favor of the striking dock laborers of Hamburg, are to be prosecuted by order of the German Government A large body of unemployed waited upon the Mayor of Los Angeles, Cal., and demanded assistance. Mayor Sny der assured the men that he would act upon their request at once. It is reported that Tom Mann will re sign the secretaryship of the independ ent labor party of Great Britain and confine himself to organizing labor apart from parliamentary action. An ordinance was recently passed by the City Council of Hamilton, Ont, de claring that uniforms for policemen, firemen and other city employes in fu ture shall bear the Tailors' Union label. Buffalo boss barbers have organized and will support the Bundy bill. This measure will abolish barber schools, provide for examination by a board, and under It apprentices must serve three years. The St. Paul numbers' union has es tablished a scale, ranging from $15 to $21 a week, according to the number of years' experience, while non-union plumbers receive almost any sum from $5 to $10 a week. Over 150 hands employed In the bind ery of the Munzy Publishing House at New London, Conn., were discharged on nccount of the strike of the other bands. Mr. Munzy will move bis plant to New York. A 10 per cent, reduction In the wages of tbe miners employed In the Cbapln and Sunny Lake mines, .Michigan, has been put in force. A similar reduction will probably take place at the Pewa blc and Tenna. Iron Company mines, in which event 1,200 men lu all will be affected. - The present membership of the Knights of Labor order Is reported to be hardly 41,000, where In Its palmy days the order embraced more than 500,000 workmen. Bankruptcy alio stares It In tbe face, for expenses are excedtng receipts, nnd the salaries of tbe general officers are largely In ar rears. The California Legislature has pass ed the following label' bills at tbe in stance of the California labor conven tion: Changing Labor day from first Monday in October to first Monday In September, providing for a minimum wage of $2 per day on public works, providing for a bond equal to one-half the contract price for wages on public work, providing for a stated pay da at least monthly for loggers and lum bermen. Several other bill are atSl pending. .. .