AORICULTUA' NEWS
THINGS PERTA'NG TO THE
FARM tiD HOME.
L
Furl Value flf "rn Compared with
Cool-Expr,"c, to tne Co of
, Bolter j'Etcrn Cunida-How to
Feed or-' penuth.
Fnel Val ne of Corn
Tue'rWMnt abundance and low price
0f 'n throughout tlie Northwest lias
oar,,(1 1 t0 b usfl a fuel by hun
lfds of farmers and by some dwell
ex la tlie towns. To tost tbe economy
if thin practice, the station burned
f 5,232 pounds of corn in a furnace un
der a boiler, and a careful account was
kept of tlie quantity of water evapor
ated by the beat The next day a like
quantity of coal was used, and a care
ful account kept of the quantity of wa
ter evaporated (converted into steam).
The experiment proved , that one
pound of coal will evaporate nearly
twice as much water as one pound of
corn the exact flares being one and
nine-tenths ilmes as much. The coal
used cost $0.05 per ton in Lincoln, and
according to that price the corn was
worth, for burning, $3.50 per ton, or
12 cents per bushel. When coal Is
worth $4.87 per ton. corn Is worth, for
burning, 9 cents per bushel; when coal
Is worth $5.41 per ton, corn Is worth
10 cents; coal $5.85, corn 11 cents; coal
$6.49, corn 12 cents; coal $7.11, corn 13
cents; coal, $7.57, corn 14 cents; coal
$8.11, corn 15 cents. But, by burning
corn, the farmer saves hauling the corn
to town and hauling the coal home. An
other consideration, however, Is this:
Way it not pay better to hold the corn
till next year than to burn it? Two
years ago wheat was so cheap that
farmers were feeding it to hogs; now
It is well up In price. It is not unlike
ly that corn may go the same road.
Bulletin of Nebraska Experiment Sta
tion. The Coat of Mutter.
A very close calculation was made by
a writer, "F. J. S.," In the Farmers'
Advocate hint year on the cost of but
ter in Eastern Canada. He divided the
question Into three parts: "Grass but
ter." "fall butter," and "winter butter;"
mid worked It out ou the basis that a
cow gives 5,000 pounds of milk, yield
ing 200 pounds of butter, and that she
milks nine months.
Laltor is charged at 10 cents an hour,
Intard Included. The strictly grass but
ter season he puts at two months, May
20 to July 20. The total cost for feed,
labor, milking, caring for milk, churn
Ins and marketing ho. puts at $5.80 per
cow for sixty days. lie then charges
up to this "grass butter" the proportion
of cost of keeping the cow three months
In Idleness, which is $1.33, making a
total of $7.13, which brings the cost of
the ninety jiotinils of butter which was
produced ou grass by a two-huudred-pound
cow to lo eight cents a pound.
The fall period he placed at ninety
days. For this jterlod tlie cost per
pound of butter was found to be tif
teen cents.
The cost of winter production for a
period of 120 days, with ensilage used,
Is placed nt 'MVa cents, while the cost
of milk per 100 pounds was found to Iks
68 cents.
Feed Inn for Strength.
It is not accidental that oats, the
grain which, next to whole wheat, Is
best for furnishing growth to the mus
cles, should have always been the fa
vorite food for horses. They are better
than wheat for all animals except man,
and as good also for man, If properly
prepared. It Is the large proportion of
hull which makes oats superior for
horse feed, us the hull distends the nu
triment and prevents it from compact
ing and heating In the etoitiucb. Oat
grain not only contains a large amount
of nitrogenous nutriment, but It lias be
nldes a certain stimulative sutwtawe,
which Is peculiar to the oat.
Covered Kiina.
A covered run Js-absolutely neces
sary for the well-being and comfort of
poultry. If It rains and snows, they
must have shelter; If the tierce rays
of the sun beat down upon them, they
like to lie able to get Into the shade. If
your fowl-pen Is small. It should be
covered over with rooting felt, boards
"or zinc.
There Is an objection to two-story
poultry-houses. The ground floor may
make a neat-looking run, but it has Its
disadvantages, and the main one li
that If It snows or rains during the
day the fowls crowd under, and very
prolmbly remain there all night long
rather than step out into the storm for
the purpose of going to roost In the
proper place.
In summer, the fowls would liot take
much barm, hut In winter pne night
of exposure like this would mean
death or disease, nnd certainly It would
not be likely to add to Jhe supply of
eggs.Mogaachusetls Ploughman.
Top Dressing Poor Knotty.
It U often hard work to get a clover
ceding on the dry, elevated knolls In
grain fields. Luck of moisture Is usual
ly the cause. But the evil may be reme
died by drawing a few loads of stable
manure and spreading over these
knolls. The manure not only protect
the young -clover plants, but It also
holds tlie moisture In the soil by cheek
ing evaporation. A few times seeding
the knolls fhua will make them as rich
as any part of hhe field. It la usually
the lack of clover seeding on such
places that has kept them poor.
Pralatnt Mllkara.
Bach rear In keeping cows conflrma
ma more and more In the belief that the
natter of having persistent milkers la
largely under our control. As Illustra
tive of this, a certain cow In our herd,
win to lack of, grain feed at milking
tJaee, waa dry, for six months, and yet,
uCar tor treatment, aba can be mUawd
the year round. Two years ago we
Ixuglit n cow that I picked out for a
perHlMcnt milker, but she had been
carelessly handled and poorly fed, and
was dry three or four months. This
fall we wanted to dry her In time to
give her sixty days' rest, but found her
still giving four or five quarts daily.
Much is said nowadays about milking
continuously, If cows will do so.
I have had a number of cows that could
be milked without difficulty, and oc
casionally have done so, but have al
ways found It resulted In a losa. The
cow needs at least eight weeks' rest,
and will do enough better when she
cornea in to pay for 1L Hoard's Dairy
man. Phosphate for Timothy.
The wheat plant belongs to the fam
ily of grasses, and all these need phoa
phate to perfect their seeds, as well aa
for the general welfare of the plant.
Whenever timothy is sown with any
grain, esiiecially in the fall, no smali
part of the phosphate used for the grain
crop goes into the subsequent crop of
gram. The grain may retard the tim
othy growth the first year, but the
phosphate will show In fbe growth of
grans for several reasons. Timothy
roots do not run far. When the phos
phate Is applied with the drill, as rt al
ways should be, the grass gTowth will
show the drill mark tm long aa the land
remains seeded. American Cultivator.
New Use for Greenhouses.
Tlie decreased cost of constructing
and managing greenhouses is leading
to a great multiplication of their nuni
ler, and as another result of the uses
to which they are put. A Philadelphia
owner of numerous greenhouses, for
which he could' not find profitable use,
devoted several to the growing of pota
toes. Of course in rich soil and with
abundant warmth and moisture, the
crop was very large. He had home
grown wtntoes as early as they could
be Iwought from the South, and made
a fair profit by selling at the same price
Ier iveck as new potatoes brought per
bushel a few weeks later.
Team lloraea,
I think If we could have a larger
brcrd of horses started there would be
money In raising colts for team pur
poses, as I think a native colt at four
years of age weighing twelve hundred
pounds would bring from $125 to $150,
and It seems as though It might be
made to pay to raise colts for these
prices, and I would much rather have
a pair of such horses than those
brought from the West and Canadn.
It will pay you to breed your farm
mares this year, If they are good ones.
If they are not good, keep selling and
trading until you get good ones. A
good team tells a good farmer. Farm
News.
Cropplnz Bearing Orchards.
It require) some extra profitable crop,
and one that will itself pay for a good
deal of mnnure, to make the cropping
of a bearing orchard pay. We have seen
it done with both blackberries and
raspberries, both of which do well
when partially shaded, and which will
not suffer from drought, as do most of
the crops grown In orchards. On no ac
count should grain crops be grown In
the on-hard, unless It be where young
trees have grown to bearing size, but
without producing a crop. Even then
the result Is better accomplished by
sowing clover, to be grown for a year or
two. Exchange.
Perchorona.
The horse Is a noble animal, but I
think the time may come when elec
tricity will crowd him out. Our mow
ing machines, horse rakes and wagons
of all kinds will be shooting around,
and not a horse to be seen. But for the
present for farm wear, would have
1'ercheron horses weighing from ten
to twelve hundred, and the feed should
be cracked corn and oats, equal parts
every time. Farm News.
Odds. And Kurt's.
Powdered alum applied to a fever
sore will prevent It from becoming un
slirhtlv or noticeable.
A thermometer to be fastened upon , captivated the people, and when the
the oven door Is one of the most useful vote was cast Miss Bunch was the
of articles to the cook. With this the j choice over all.
heat of the oven can be determined Mrs. Mary E. Sykes wo elected Su
wlthout owning the door, and the bak-: perintendent of Schools In Warre-i
Ing of cakes, puddings and souffles can
be accomplished much more success
fully. To make codfish balls, simmer to
gether equal quantities of raw fish and
potatoes cut In small pieces until tlie
potatoes are thoroughly cooked. When
done drain and mash; add a dash of
white pepper, a little sweet milk and
butter and the beaten white of one egg
for every cupful of the mixture. Fry
in hot pan, drain and serve at once.
For Uie sewing room piece boxes In-
stead of piece bags are much to be pre-
forrtnl. Then niav lu built nlnlli? th
wall, forming pigeonholes about elgh-
teen Inches square, duly labeled for
each member of the family, and for
linings and patterns. A chintz curtain
falls to the floor in front of such a cab
inet, whose convenience has only to
be tried to be amply demonstrated.
To make linen beautifully white, use
refined borax In the water Instead of
soda or washing powder. A large
handful of powdered borax to ten gal
lons of boiling wa ter Is tlie proportion,
and you will save oue-balf In soap by
thin method. .Borax being a natural
salt, does not Injure In the slightest
, , . , Z I . en' a"n
will soften the hardest water. ,
Both dinliclotbs and dusting cloths
sbould be put through tbe wash regu-
tarty and a fresh supply given out each
week. This la done in order that they
may pass Inspection regularly. - They
should be washed ont carefully every
day they are need, and dried at least
once In the twenty-four hours In the
open air. Thle will' prevent any dan
ger of "death In the HUMaOT la the
bene of mold end tbe germs of disease
so often bred In putrid and effeoatre (
ALL ARE NEW WOMEN
FIVE
SCHOOL
ENT8 IN
SUPERINTEND
ILL! NOIS.
Representative Type of Up-to-Date
American Womanhood Who Have
Attained High Positions la Their
Chosen Professions.
Woman Educators.
Here are sketches of fire women,
prominent in educational circles In Illi
nois. Each of them, made competent
by her educational experience In public
scfiool work, baa been elected by the
peo'e of her county to fill the ofiice of
Superintendent of Public Schools.
Mlaa Nannie J. McKee, County Super
intendent of Schools of Alexander
County, Is an excellent type of Ameri
can womanhood, being unusually
bright and Intelligent, possessed of a
sturdy self-reliance, yet Is womanly
and sympathetic. She boa lived in
Cairo nearly all her life, and graduated
from the Cairo High School In the
class of 1874. Soon after graduating
she was employed In the local schools,
where her tact and skill as a teacher
caused her rapid promotion from one
grade to another, until In a few years
she was principal of the very school
from which she had graduated. This
position she filled to the complete satis
faction of the Board of Education until
Oct 27, 1891, when a vacancy occurred
in the office of the County Superintend
ent of Schools. The Board of County
Commissioners appointed her to fill
this position until the next annual elec
tion. Almost without an effort she was
nominated by the Republican conven
tion of 1892 and elected by a handsome
majority.
Miss Mamie Bunch, Superintendent
of the Douglas County Schools. Is one
' of the six women in the State who are
at the head of school affairs, and as a
Superintendent stands very high with
the people, as she belongs to that pro
gressive class that wishes to be abreast
WOMEN SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS
of the time. Miss Bunch owes her nom
ination to her pluck, for at the Ume she
was nominated In the summer of 1893
she entered the race with five popular
men teachers who were aspirants for
the honor.. It appeared to be the field
ogninst the young woman, but for thir
ty days prior to the date of the conven
tion she made a thorough canvass of
the county, mingled with the people,
and appealed directly to the voters to
assist her. Her winning manners, her
Intelligence, and good common sense
1 County In 1894. rrevious to mat sne
had been teaching In the city schools
for eight years, and the latter part of
that time as special teacher of draw
ing. She had also taught this subject
In county Institutes here and lu other
portions of the State for four years.
She secured the nomination for the of
fice through her wide ond favorable ac
quaintance with teachers and Influen
tial people through the county. In the
convention she got the necessary ma-
' . i . j . o.. .1 I
ms wu. ""V'""?"
campaign and waa elected without dlf-
uxunj.
i miss nam ii i. it umcuirerij, lue pres
ent County Superintendent of Schools
In Johnson County, was bora and rais
ed In Johnson County, and Is now 35
ycats of age. After leaving the public
schools she took the teachers' course
at the Carrol Normal, and next went
to I'aducah and spent one year as
teacher and pupil In Prof. Thomas'
normal school. She afterwards took
the four years' Latin course at the
Southern Normal at Carbondale, grad
uating with high honors la 1808. Miss
... 1. T Yl't.l.. V.. .t.-
Whlttenberg began teaching at the age
of 10 and has been engaged In the work
of ct1w, ten(.ntng for twelve or thir
yrs. Her last year, teaching
w ptinclviil 0, hlgh s, at Du
quoin. She waa elected SnperlQtend-
ent of Schools tn 1894. la devoted to her
duties, and la, making one of the moat
efficient and popular School ftnnsrin.
tendents the county ever bad.
Mrs. Hattte Porter Wilson, the Su
perintendent of De Witt; ' mnty'a
schools, waa bora at Clinton, r isao,
and la daughter of tbe, late Jidvard
porter, wno waa in eaocttM pfayel-
rtn, scholar, And a soldier of the One
Hundred nnd Seveoth tlllnola VohjuV
teen. Her father died while aba wm
quite a young miss, b-svlar upos her
and her younger brothers the cure of
a large family. She ceased her high
school studies before final graduation
to begin the work of teaching. She
taught a number of terms in the coun
ty, where her excellent success caught
attention, and she was elected to the
city schools. In which she has taught
nearly eight years, being re-elected as
many times. She aspired to the posi
tion of Superintendent and won. Chi
cago Tribune.
Teaching- the Point of the Compass,
Early in the commencement of the
study of geography, the children should
learn to locate the points of the com
pass. They all know In what direction
the sun rises; they may point toward
the place where the tun rises. The
teacher should inform herself by ob
servation where the sun rises directly
In the east and by the use of a compass
get the, true direction of north. Let the
pupils point to the setting sun. Some of
the class may have visited a place east
of the town where they attended
school, as Buffalo, N. Y. Let the class
point to the places named.
It is best to have a compass in the
schoolroom. Every child Is interested
In watching the needle. Let the class
point to the north. After the teacher
has explained the direction of south,
practice In the same way. The teacher
may name promlent cities and give
their directions In order that the class
may be exercised In learning direction.
Care must be taken lest the pupils
associate points of the compass with
different parts of the school-room. In
order to test this, a pupil may be sent
Into a rectitatlon room or a hall and di
rected to point as the teacher or the
class may direct. Afterward the Im
mediate points may bo taught.
When the directions are taught on the
mop the teacher must use great care
lest she speak of north on the, map as
"up" or south as "down," and she
should exact correctness of expression
on the part of her pupils. But little
time will usually be required to teach
the points of the compass, as most chll-
ILLINOIS.
dren are familiar with them before en
tering tbe primary school.
Elementary Arithmetic
Explanations and reasons, and pic
tured Illustrations, have expanded the
course of arithmetics, until the unfor
tunate pupil Is lost in a wilderness of
words, nnd does not find his way
through In time to learn to cipher. The
science of arithmetic receives so much
attention that the art Is neglected; and
the elements of the science are so much
expounded that its higher parts are
never reached. The primary object In
the earlier years, from 7 to 15, should
not be to develop the reasoning power,
but to give familiarity with the forms
of calculation; so that when a child Is
asked n question he should not begin
a course of analysis and reasoning
based upon a model In the text-book,
or given by the teacher, but should te
gln Instantly to add, subtract, multiply,
divide the numbers themselves, nnd
give the answer in numliers Instantly.
After the age of 12 he may begin to
learn to explain. Life Is not long enough
to spend so large a proportion of it on
arithmetic ns Is spent In the modern
system of teaching. Hill's True Order
of Studies.
The Bashful Boy's Piece.
There were never two people exactly
alike
At least ho the philosophers sny
And I know if the teacher and I were
alike
Not all would speak pieces to-day.
I like to hear Jennie get up and recite,
She does it in such a fine ityle;
Her bair la so smooth, and her bands are
so white.
And she ha so complacent a smile.
You hear every word, and each motion is
grace,
An actress could scarcely do better
She'd as lief do all of the speaking, I
guess,
And I know I would cheerfully let her.
But, oh, when John Wilson or I get the
floor
We seem to have conns here to stay;
Our hearts heat like hammers, our feet
weigh a ton
And our hands are right square In the
way.
Cincinnati Public School Journal.
While there to no objection to Brook
ing cigars or pipes In the waiting-rooms
of tbe Union Depot at Atchleon, Kan.,
the mandate bae gone forth that cigar
ette smok!b la postUraly forbidden.
IN
Blacklisting of Workmen.
One of the bills before Congress
which la likely to give rise to no little
discussion is that which defines the
act of blacklisting men who have taken
part in strikes as a "conspiracy against
the United States." The object of the
bill is to prevent large corporations,
and particularly railroad corporations,
from putting the names of strikers up
on their blacklists, and thus largely
depriving them of the chance to earn
a living, says the San Francisco Call.
According to reports which have come
to us the bill excludes from its benefits
all strikers who have engaged In law
less acts In connection with a strike,
lockout or other conflict between labor
and capital, but It affirms the right cf
every wage earner to leave his work
whenever he pleases, and to leave it
either by and of himself or In company
with a multitude of others.
There can be no question of the es
sential Justice of such a measure. A
strike Is no doubt frequently an act of
folly, which results In damage to the
community at large, but that is no rea
son why the striker should thereafter
find himself debarred by corporate in
fluence from obtaining work. A com
bination of large employers to keep in
dustrious men out of employment by
way of vindictive punishment Is as
prejudicial to public welfare as any
thing that could be well Imagined. The
men who are thus shut out from all
revenues of employment at the trades
In which they are skilled are forced to
Join the already too rapidly Increasing
army of the unemployed and add ma
terially to the mass of discontented
men. In their discontent, moreover,
there is a sense of Injustice which will
add to its aggressiveness and tend to
make it a menace to the general peace
and public welfare. A folly Is not a
crime, and ft should not be punished as
such. Whenever a striker engages in a
criminal act there are laws sufficient
to punish him, and no corporation
should presume to take the punishment
Into Its own bands.
No Aristocracy of Labor.
Hard times have almost obliterated
the aristocratic line drawn by labor.
Labor unions have done much toward
eradicating It, but hard times have
proven a greater equalizer, says the
Union Label Advocate. We find the
once aristocratic telegrapher nicely en
sconced In a box car with your gay and
festive hobo print, making himself
quite sociable and agreeable, willing
even to share a few stray straws. The
paper hanger, who heretofore prided
himself as an interior decorator, is not
now above doing the frelght-car-Jump
act with the tinner, whom in earlier
days be has passed unnoticed. And the
print, who in former days was an ar
tist, can now be seen almost any clear
day disporting on the pikes with the
grimy blacksmith as his companion.
Nor Is it uncommon to find the carver
In stone pedestrianizing with the build
er of the foundation.
And so you will find them all along
the road, traveling together, sharing
each other's Joys and sorrows, and tbe
results of the other's panhandling. Yea,
verily, these bard times have made
strange bedfellows, and road fellows,
too. If we had possessed this kindly
feeling for each other long ago would
we now be suffering? There Is a chasm
yet open; let It be closed as rapidly and
effectually as possible, so when better
times come, if come they do, we will
be prepared to stand firmly together
and weather what storms may arise.
Let it be as a warning to us. Our
suffering should draw us closer togeth
er to meet in battle a common enemy.
Our war cry should be "The Universal
Use of the Union Label."
Labor Doesn't Like Rim.
. Few labor men have had tbe poor
taste to applaud Sovereign's last and
most blatant bid for notoriety, the let
ter In answer to Private Dalzell, says
a writer in the Nashville Journal of
Labor. Sovereign has, by bis erratic
and shameless conduct since becoming
general master workman of the
Knights of Labor, distinguished him
self as one of tbe most dangerous men
In the labor movement As the tool of
John W. Hayes he has assisted In drag
ging the once great order down to a
position where It It both distrusted nnd
despised. His last move In having him
self elected president of a so-called Re
form Press Association shows how low
down he has got In politics, as In every
thing else. It's nbout time editors of
the labor press of this country were
getting out their machetes and going
ont after Mr. Sovereign and his clique.
The labor movement will be a great
deal better off by his removal, as he
has long ago shown himself to be, In
our opinion, . unworthy of the confi
dence of the working people.
What to Do with Women.
More than fifty women and girls were
examined as witnesses In the Investi
gation regarding tbe surroundings and
wages of working women and girls In
New York City, and as a result the la
bor commissioner In his report, recent
ly published, says: "It Is a puzzling
problem for tbe statesmen and the
philanthropist to determine what to do
for tbe thousands of women and girls
In tbe greater New York who work,
and who are willing and anxious to
work, and yet are not receiving wages
enough to enable them to live aa human
beings should live. It Is a difficult
thing to point out an adequate remedy;
In fact, tbe nearest approach to one la.
It seems, the organisation f uatone of
these working people, for wage work
ers who are members of unions seem
to receive better wages, better protec-.
tlon and to have better surroundings
than those who are not connected with
labor organizations."
Bestriction in Immigration.
If the resoluUon, which would place
tbe American Federation of Labor on
record as opposing any restriction to,
immigration, Is right, then the ethics of
trade unionism Is wrong, says the Lo
comotive Firemen's Magazine. If we
have no moral right to prevent a non
union Chinaman or a nonunion Italian
coming to America to accept employ,
ment at reduced wages, then by what
right do we object to a nonunion na-'
tive of the country accepting employ
ment at reduced wages. Are we to
curse an American scab for taking our
places when we strike to sustain exist-'
ing conditions and then Invite a horde,
of people to this country who do not ap
preciate the conditions we have main
tained? Housing of Workine People.
"The Housing of the Working Peo
ple" is the tide of a report recently is
sued by Labor Commissioner Carroll
D. Wright, of the Federal Labor Bu
reau, and It contains a number of mod
el designs for small dwellings and resi
dence blocks, and also a review of the
work done by various societies in this
and other countries organized to inau
gurate sanitary reforms and abolish
the slum districts In the larger cities.
Tbe report declares that tbe Investiga
tion clearly proves that tbe percentage
of earnings of beads of families which
is absorbed in the payment of rents Is
far too high, and this Is the principal
cause for all the overcrowding.
Frequent Elections Beat.
The executive board of tbe New Jer
sey Federation of Trades Unions is out
with a strong address against the pro
posed amendment to the constitution
by which it Is Intended to bold legisla
tive sessions every two years. It points
out bow the idea meets with the ap
proval of ringsters and other enemies
of good government and continues:
'Frequent elections and short terms of
office may not be agreeable to official
leeches, but they are of vital import
ance to the perpetuation of government
by the people, of tbe people and for the
people."
Labor Notes.
Michigan printers object to having
the State printing done in reformato
ries, as the Legislature proposes.
Beading, Pa., Iron Company has post
ed the information that the wages of
their 2,000 workmen must be reduced.
Cleveland Building Trades' Council
will demand eight hours on April 1.
Carpenters secured this a year ago
without a strike.
Several university professors who
signed a declaration in favor of the
striking dock laborers of Hamburg,
are to be prosecuted by order of the
German Government
A large body of unemployed waited
upon the Mayor of Los Angeles, Cal.,
and demanded assistance. Mayor Sny
der assured the men that he would act
upon their request at once.
It is reported that Tom Mann will re
sign the secretaryship of the independ
ent labor party of Great Britain and
confine himself to organizing labor
apart from parliamentary action.
An ordinance was recently passed by
the City Council of Hamilton, Ont, de
claring that uniforms for policemen,
firemen and other city employes in fu
ture shall bear the Tailors' Union
label.
Buffalo boss barbers have organized
and will support the Bundy bill. This
measure will abolish barber schools,
provide for examination by a board,
and under It apprentices must serve
three years.
The St. Paul numbers' union has es
tablished a scale, ranging from $15 to
$21 a week, according to the number
of years' experience, while non-union
plumbers receive almost any sum from
$5 to $10 a week.
Over 150 hands employed In the bind
ery of the Munzy Publishing House at
New London, Conn., were discharged
on nccount of the strike of the other
bands. Mr. Munzy will move bis plant
to New York.
A 10 per cent, reduction In the wages
of tbe miners employed In the Cbapln
and Sunny Lake mines, .Michigan, has
been put in force. A similar reduction
will probably take place at the Pewa
blc and Tenna. Iron Company mines,
in which event 1,200 men lu all will be
affected. -
The present membership of the
Knights of Labor order Is reported to
be hardly 41,000, where In Its palmy
days the order embraced more than
500,000 workmen. Bankruptcy alio
stares It In tbe face, for expenses are
excedtng receipts, nnd the salaries of
tbe general officers are largely In ar
rears. The California Legislature has pass
ed the following label' bills at tbe in
stance of the California labor conven
tion: Changing Labor day from first
Monday in October to first Monday In
September, providing for a minimum
wage of $2 per day on public works,
providing for a bond equal to one-half
the contract price for wages on public
work, providing for a stated pay da
at least monthly for loggers and lum
bermen. Several other bill are atSl
pending. .. .
