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About The Plattsmouth journal. (Plattsmouth, Nebraska) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (July 19, 1901)
4- Commoner Extracts From W. - --::-x-:--:-:-::--w IMfferent Kind of Dollarm. George E. Roberts, director of the mint, in an interview recently, referred to the proposition that a mint be es tablished at Manila. Mr. Roberts Mid: "I have heard nothing1 about the matter since the adjournment of eon jrres. nui 1 Know inai it is receiving1 ine attention oi tne war department which is obtaining- all the informa tion possible on the subject. Armv of ficers seem to favor the establishment of a mint at Manila, and an effort to substitute American coinage for the Mexican now in general use. There is onsiderable opposition to this propo sition. However, as it is certain that any attempt to push the American dol lar and redeem it in crld would pre cipitate commercial disturbances that might resnlt in disaster. Jecretary jage is opposed to it. and I am in clined to think that this plan will not ue auoptea. "Two plans have been proposed. The nrst i these is to establish a free mint t Ma-nla for the making- of a Philip pine aonar interchangeable with the I 1 11 . . .. .iicak-u uoiiar ana reaeemable at a fixed price in gold. Under this plan producers of silver would sell their product to establishments havingtrade relations with the east, which would have it coined at the Manila mint and put in circulation. This is the plan adopted by the British g-overnment, which coins an Indian dollar which is circulated from the Straits settle ment and has so far been successful in oompeting-with the Mexican dollar and the rupee. 'The second plan is to coin a 'token dollar alnjut the size of the Mexican dollar with enough less silver to pre vent it from going to the melting- pot or out of the country, interchangeable witn the Mexican dollar, and redeema ble in g-old equally with Mexican coin.' It is rather strange to hear that the war department is considering- the es tablishment of a mint. Surely we are undergoing- many changes. Heretofore the treasury department has been charged with affairs relating- to our finances; but under the new policy that ha sprung- up in our -'land of the free and the home of the brave" the war department appears to be a mighty in stitution, wielding- enormous powers. and one whose lounds are controlled by "no pent up Utica. Mr. Roberts thinks it likely that iome plan involving- the creation of a -Philippine dollar" will lie adopted. j t win oe well to look at this sugges tion seriously. The constitution gives congress the ng-ht tocoin money, reg vlate the. value thereof and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weight and measures." No one heretofore would have dared to claim that con gress had the right to make one dollar for one section and another dollar for another section. Under the eonstitu tion no one will seriously claim that ticb a right exists. It will not be surprising, however, if the proposition to create a i hinppine dollar or a "token dollar prevails. Anthority ior tnis win oe lound, not in the con- fctitutioa, but in the decision of the su preme court in the Porto Rican cases. Under that decision congress, the crea ture of the constitution, has, with re spect to our new possessions, whatever authority it may see fit to execrcise en tirely reg-ardless of the fundamental law. When the war department, by and with the consent of the president and Secretary lge and a few other execu tive heads, sets out to adopt a financial policy for the I'hilippine Islaiids. the American people will begin to obtain a hint of the far-reaching- character of the Porto Rican decision. There are no restraints upon con gressional authority in Forto Rico. There are no restraints upon the war power in the Philippine Islands. If political interests require, the time may yet come when we will have one kind of dollar for the Philippines, another kind of dollar for Porto Rico, An altogether different dollar for Cuba, a new-fangled dollar for Arizona, and a Iatent-applied-for dollar for New Mexico, while within the states, which are the masters of thete territories, a wholly different dollar will be "current money with the merchant; and this will be a '-.sound financial system" one in which "every dollar is as g-ood as every other dollar" one in which the "faith" and the honor" of the na tion are preserved, and the "business interests" of the country are subserved. In response to an invitation from Tammany to submit a sentiment to be read on the 4th of Jul-, Mr. IJrj-an sug gested the following-: 'Liberty is not safe without a writ ten constitution, and a constitution to . be of value must be strong enough to i-ontrol every public servant and broad enough to include within its protection every person who acknowledges al legiance to the flag." When a Chinese bank fails the bank officials are beheaded. When an Amer ican bank fails the bank officials are interviewed and express great surprise at the failure. Hank failures are ex tremely rare in China. Mr. Ilanna told the Ohio republican convention that "this is no time to ex periment with the tariff. Certainly not. Not the time for the republican party to experiment with it. The trusts are satisfied and Mr. Ilanna knows right where he can get a rich yield of fat when he starts out with the frying pan in the congressional campaign of ltH)2 and the presidential campaign of li04. The chief argument in support of the ship subsidy is that the promoters want the money. A large number of the Commoner's esteemed republican exchanges contin ue to exhibit an absorbing interest in the reorganization of the democratic party. It is not strange that men like Dow ie should find thousands of dupes when there are so many men who still be lieve that the foreigner pays the tax. The. money bought university degree is very much like the purchased medal of honor. Comment J. Bryan's Paper. "Hamper" in the Constitution The American Review of Reviews g-ives an interesting- editorial approv ing of the supreme court decision as delivered by Justice Brown. In this the Review says: "The primary ob ject of the American constitution was to arrange an effective and permanent scheme of partnership and union for a group of associated 6tates which were not suitably organized under the old articles of confederation." The Re view adds that the constitution "was never intended to hamper posterity" and concludes "the main thing- that has Wen decided thus far is that the constitution of the United States is not a doctument that is going to interfere with the people of the United States in their proposal to do the very best thing that they can from time to time in pro viding for the government, develop ment and true progress of the territor ies that they have acquired by recent annexation." The preamble of the constitution tells the object of that document, and even the Review of Reviews cannot im proveupon the statement. The ob ject, according to this preamble, was to "form a more perfect union, estab lish justice, insure domestic tranquili- ty. provide for the common defense, promote the g-eneral welfare and seeure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.' It is very evident that even some of "our posterity" were deliberatcly2"b.anjpered" by he fram- ers of the constitution. They new the tendency of strong- men to take ad vantage of weaker men, and so they declared as one of the objects of the constitution "to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our poster ity. Mark the word "secure." and observe that the fathers intended to secure libenty not only for them selves but for posterity. And in order to make these benefits secure they or dained and established this constitu tion for the United States of America a constitution which has alwaj-s been recognized as a grant of power and the certificate of any authority which our public servants may rightfully exer else. It is true that it was not intended that the constitution should interfere with the people of the United States in their proposal to do whatever they sought to do. The people of the Unit ed States are the makers and the cor rectors oi tne constitution, ana in or der that it should not interfere with them in anything- that they might fit to do in the future a method of amending- the constitution was pro vided. They did, however, intend that that document should interfere with any public officials, with any men or coterie of men who saw fit to do things inconsistent with American traditions and American principles, and they es tablished a written constitution in which thej- said to their public ser vants, so far as concerns the authori ties and the powers they might exer cise "thus lax and no farther. Unsafe Banking:. The failure of the 7th national ban! of .New iork City calls attention to the fact that many banks are doing business upon an unsafe basis. This particular bank made a report to the clearing- house on June 21st showing that its capital was only $376,340 while its deposits were over $.1,700,000; its loans over S4, 400.000. A shrinkage of ten per cent in the value of its loans would have more than wiped out its capital. According- to the report re ferred to the net profits were $234,000 but even this sum added to the capital would not give sufficient margin to make the business safe. Some ratio snould be fixed between the bank's capital and its deposits for while it may be very profitable to di vide among- a few stockholders the profits secured upon large deposits it invites collapse. A banker would not loan to a merchant whose liabilities equalled 00 per cent of his assets. Why should he ask depositors to trust him under the same circumstances? Was Clemens a Prophet? Jeremiah Clemens, a United States senator representing the state of Ala bama in ante-bellum days said: "Commit our people once to unneces sary wars, let victory encourage the military spirit already too prevalent among them, and Roman history will have no chapter bloody enough to be transmitted to posterity side by side with ours. In a brief period we shall have re-enacted on a grander scale the same scenes that marked her decline. The veteran soldier who has followed a victorious leader from clime to clime will forget his love of country in his love for his commander; and the bayo net you fent abroad to conquer a king dom will be brought back to destroy the rights of the citizen and prop the throne of an emperor. Was Clemens a prophet? China's mistake in offering to pay larger indemnity than was demanded is calculated to make the "powers" feel sorry that they did not follow the example of Oliver Twist. Mr. Foraker wrote the Ohio platform is credited with its authorship and in it he takes occasion to praise the "gallant and heroic negroes." The negro can always expect plenty of platform sympathy and respect from the g. o. p. General Orosvenor wisely declines to hold both bag and candle. Mr. Foraker's keynoting continues to be sounded in the tariff cleft. Would it not Ik: better to call Phil adelphia "The City of Boodlery Love?' Shameless in Its Rascality New York Journal. The Tweed ring in New York worked in the dark. Hut in Philadelphia crime is naked and unashamed. Secure in possession of mountainous majorities in the city and the state, buttressed by 80,000 fraudulent votes, with every de partment of the government, executive, legislature and judicial, in its control. the gang robs openly, with no attempt to cover its tracks. The high premium on honesty proves tnat it is tje nest policy, BY INJUNCTION. HOW LORDS OF THE EARTH KAY HOLD "RIGHTS." fbe Xwa of the tand Panned Cp for thai Ierisiona of Corporation Corrupted Judges What lit Ilappea 190S. It was In 1903 that the Supreme Court of the United States found for the plaintiff in the great case of Simon Magus, against the mayor, aldermen, etc., of Olathe, Kansas. The case was this: A part of Olathe was built on lands owned by Magus who acquired an enormous fortune by selling thm He laid out streets, granting rights of way. but reserving to himself all other rights in the streets. Neverthe less, the people of Kansas, as the com plaint set forth, "wrongfully and maliciously assumed to breathe his air In said streets, and committed other trespasses upon the rights of said Magus in said air." The court held, following the "Sin gle Tax" case (Taresey vs. The Town of Dover, superior Court of Kent County. Delaware), that the street was merely for passage. This finding occasioned greater sur prise than the Income tax decision of som years past (Pollock vs. Farmers Isaa and Trust Company and Hyde vs. Continental Trust Company, 15S U. S.. 601). and a rehearing was held. It was urged that the use of the air was necessary to the right of w;y, and was therefore Included In it; but the learned Judges pointed out that it was Just as necessary to be fed as to breathe. In order to travel; and yet, although food, unlike air, was actu ally produced from the ground, no one had claimed the right to grow food products on the highway, as an inci dent to Its use. The court argued with much force that the railroads were also highways, In which the people have special rights (Munn vs. People of Illinois, 94 U. S. Supreme Court.) And that cars were necessary to their use, but that it could not be claimed that the right to the use of the roadbed gave a right to the free use of the cars. It was argued that it was in viola tion of the right of the people peace ably to assemble as provided in Amendment 1. United States Constitu tion. But, citing "The Commonwealth vs. Davis" (Massachusetts Law Re ports, June, 11897). the court held that by taking the proper steps and pay ing the fee, any citizen could obtain license to breathe the air In public highways (Same case, 140 Mass., 485.) Laws taxing Immigration had been nniformly upheld (Edge et al vs. Robertson Circuit Court E. D. N. Y.. 1S83), and such laws denied the use not only of the air, but even of ac cess, without payment of the fee. It was further said that the ordinances opening the streets in their turn ex cluded such use, and that the princi ple of the ordinance was constitution al. (Dillon's Municipal Corporations, p. 250, 2d ed.) The decision was quickly followed In the house of lords, the chamber of deputies and the high courts of other countries, and as near'y all landown ers have rights In the streets, numer ous suits were instituted. In fact one shyster attorney, the owner of a little plot which was mort gaged for all it was worth, had sum monses printed, and. relying upon the principle that every one has a right to sue everyone else, served them upon every person who passed, at the rate of several hundred every day. Near ly every one failed to answer, and the costs brought him In a pretty fortune. The new doctrine was followed, and Injunctions obtained against certain strikers, who breathed the air upon roads belonging to the companj-, on the principle laid down in Mackall vs. Ratchford, 82 F. 41. The court Justly said that common property In the air worked very well in primitive times; but so did common property in land. The general experience of mankind. however, had Improved upon those plans. "There Is no force," said the learned court, "in the strenuous con tention of counsel for the defendants that the doctrine of rights in air was new, for we find In Blackstone, Book II. Chap, xxvi. Sec. 31, 'Ancient Lights. Thus, too, the benefit of the elements, the light, the air and the water, can only be appropriated by oc cupancy. If r nave an ancient winaow overlooking my neighbor's ground, he may not erect any blind to obstruct the light.' It follows that easements of wind and even of light, were and still are, allowed In England." Nor is the decision of the lower court In contravention of the Fifth amend ment to the Constitution of the Unit ed States, guaranteeing the right of life and liberty, for it Is open to any one to become an air lord. See cases cited on behalf of Warren Bridge in Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge case, 7 Pick. 344, Mass. Capital came to the rescue, and the Pneumatic Tube Company, to which a franchise was granted in 1897, to lay tubes under New York streets, sup plied "penny-In-the-slot" flexible tubes, from which air might be In haled as pedestrians passed over land whose proprietors had reserved their rights In air. Boxes of condensed air. to be carried on the back, were also supplied at a nominal charge. Knowing that the poorest boy might become an air lord, just as he might become President, and that the "com petition among owners would keep prices down to a reasonable figure." Just as It had kept down the price of rent, the people acquiesced, and were Just as contented as they are now. Bolton Hall. SOMETHING ABOUT FOOLS. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch has this to say about taxpayers: "The most foolish of all fools Is the taxpayer, who through partisan feeling, takes no in terest in resistance to public plunder ers. The looters in all parties should be turned down." That the average taxpayer Is con siderable of a fool is unquestionably true. Otherwise there would be in every political subdivision a system of taxation and revenue in harmony with natural laws, instead of the present scheme, which Is not a system at all, but a senseless, a ridiculous and an iniquitous scheme for "robbing Peter to pay Panl." No man possessing any business sagacity would neglect his own personal affairs as do millions of voters the affairs of civil gavernment for which every voter is to some de gree responsible. In fact, many voters imagine that they themselves are not taxpayers, simply because they pay nothing directly to the tax collector. They never see far enough into the in cidence of revenue laws and the work ings of civil government to even dream that they are daily being indirectly taxed to help pay other psople's tax es; that whenever they buy, trade travel, eat, employ labor, or do any thing e:sa requiring them to pay money or give services, n portion of what they part with goes into the bot tomless boot of crooked taxation. The average voting taxpayer is quite averse to being robbed by a profes sional highwayman, but if systematic robbery of his earnings is perpetrated under the forms of law, and called taxatlon.he submits. meekly and silent ly. As things now go, the public plun derers selected by the people to man age public affairs have as fat a Job as any reasonable gang of rascals should wish for. "The looters in a!l parties will be turned down" whenever the honest men in all parties arise in their might and turn them down. They have the poorer to do this, but lack only the moral strength. Ra'ph HoyL SCOUNDRELISM TRIUMPHANT. There was no temptation to Mayor Ashbrldge in Mr. Wanamaker's propo sition to pay the city of Philadelphia $2,500,000 for street car franchlsas which the mayor between two days made haste to sign away withesrt a cent of compensation to the people. Mayor Ashbridge was not acting In the Interest of Phildelphla and so Mr.. Wanamaker's offer was disdained as unworthy of his consideration. Philadelphia has fallen very low and she is sinking lower and lower in moral degradation. She is held in con tempt by all self-respecting cities at home and abroad. Even corrupt New York and diseased Chicago look down upon her from moral heights and there Is no community in all the land so low as to do her reverence. She has reach ed the state of the sot who has ljst all sense of shame. Like an abandon ed woman she sees things from an angle that makes the bad look good and the good bad. The only hope now is, that the mayor's monstrous betray al of his trust will shock the people into new moral life. It is a hideous commentary upon the morals of the state for Philadelphia to Pennsylvania is much what Paris is fo France. The loss is that of Phila delphia alone perhaps, but the disgrace is to Pennsylvania. The debauchery is a reeking shame to all the people of the great state. It is not easy to characterize this incomparable scoundrelism. Ordinary language fails in attempting it. But if it shall serve to arouse the sleeping conscience of the commonwealth the infamy which Ashbridge has secretly consummated in the face of Wana maker's munificent offer will not have been In vain. Johnstown Democrat. SUPREME COURT MUSICIANS- The great Jumble of opinions, each differing from the others, handed down by these nine Immaculate wise men, show beyond a doubt, to thinking folks, that the "constitution" Is truly an "instrument" upon which this trained band of legal musicians can play any kind of tune they see fit and they can easily play to the taste of seventeen different kinds of audi ences. In fact the constitution has ceased to be more than a few pages of words in a dictionary, and this oli garchy of nine men. sitting on the supreme bench, are the lexicograph ers who give them any definition that pleases them. The real government of the United States has gone out of the hands of the people of Congress and the executive, into the hands of this court, which can make or unmake constitutions and laws at their own sweet will. That they can make light ning changes as rapidly as a modern comedian seems almost self-evident from recent decisione.and the question as to whether the supreme court as well as the constitution should not be abolished and the will of the people substituted is a pertinent one, and one that will soon have to be settled. Displeased at a Judge's decision, Al exander H. Stevens once slammed his books down and made considerable of a racket. "Mr. Stevens," said the Judge, "are you trying to show your contempt for this court?" "No, your honor," said the lawyer, "I am trying to conceal It." That'B the way many folks are feel ing just now, but the end Is not yet. Paso Robles Independent. Whsn President McKinley was ad dressing the laboring men at San Fran- cIbco and congratulating them upon their prosperity and contentment, one brawny wage-earner arose and asked, "What about next week?" Of course, he was guilty of some dis courtesy in thus interrupting a meet ing made notable by the presence of the Chief Executive, and his compan ions beckoned him to be silent. But he could not have asked a more embar rassing question at a Republican meet ing. The administration is living In the present no thought or plan for the future. It might be well for the Presi dent to consider the simple question propounded by the California toiler. Coming Nation. The Tweed ring stealing from the people of New York was petit larceny compared to the highway robbery of the Republican ring of Pennsylvania. They have donated street railroad franchises in Philadelphia to their henchmen said to be worth $50,000,000, without any money consideration or re duction of fare. To somewhat show the value, John Wanamaker offered $2,500,000 for the privileges and Tom Johnson offered, if the franchises were granted to him to reduce the fare to 3 cents and give free transfers. If the Republicans of Philadelphia and the state do not revolt against these high waymen they deserve to have empty pockets the balance of their lives. WAGES WANTED ONLY people are not seeking life WITHOUT WORK. J truism la Factories Give Labor Fatr WtM and It Can Get Alone Without Charity Bow the Employer Hay & Joy Title to "Model Shop. The wage scale having been fairly adjusted, the employer need not worry himself about what altruistic measures he will adopt for the benefit of his em ployes. Once the interest of the latter in the success of the enterprise be comes established, suggestions regard ing methods which will be to the com mon Interest of employer and employe will come fast enough from the men. Conveniences which good men need to do their work well and keep them in prime condition, mentally and physic ally, are of advantage, and they are bound to come, but they have their time and place of coming, which are after more important things are set tled. It must be remembered that kind words and rest rooms and libraries and lectures and other so called al truistic measures, although excellent in their proper time and place, do not in themselves bring happiness and con tentment, for they do not supply food and clothes and house rent and home comforts, and the latter are what men work for. Of such things, therefore. intil the proper time arrives the men become suspicious, as they partake of the nature of charity, and honest workmen resent anything of such a nature. The men must be mentally happy and well advanced in modern thought and methods before sucli things can be introduced. Nor should an employer allow the announcement to becon:e current that he has a "model shop" when he has made his business a success by adopt ing the methods outlined above and added such conveniences as he finds are of common advantage to his busi ness and his . men. Intelligent work men are sensitive to being referred to as adjuncts to anything "model." An attempt to advertise an enter prise by proclaiming that philan thropic principles dominate its man agement may be elective fir a tlm, but men lose respect for such philan thropy and its projectors. There is no philanthropy about it; it is pure busi ness. Nor should a manager announce to his men or to the public that he in corporates advanced ideas in his eys tem of management "because it pays." No advantage can be gained by such a course. It will, in fact, be found that it does not pay. He should no more think of making such a statement than of saying that he keeps his own hands and face clean or changes his linen daily "because it pays." H. F. J. Porter in Cassier's Magazine. PRICE OF FODDER. "1 see," said the head of the firm, "that you have an article in one of the magazines this month, entitled 'How to Live on Four Dollars a Week.' " "Yes," said the young man in a hesi tating sort of way. "You seem to have demonstrated in a thoroughly reasonable way the practi cability of making four dollars cover one's legitimate weekly necessities," said his employer, "and. comparing ar gument with those of others who have written on the same subject, I presume you are expecting that your article will take the first prize?" The young man nodded an affirma tive. "I congratulate you," his employer continued. "It's a good article; I read it with great interest. And, by the way. I've been troubled a good deal lately. I've felt that it must be mighty hard for you to get along on what I was paying you, and I've been wonder ing how I could work things around so as to give you more without increas ing the running expenses of the con cern." "Yes?" the young writer answered. with a hopeful inflection. "But it's all right. I see," the old gen tleman went on. "You can live on four dollars a week and that leaves you six dollars to have fun with or save, as you please. So there's a load off my mind. Say. If you write any more arti cles along this line, tell me about them, will you? I'd like to read 'em. It's great stuff. When the secretary of the Bankers and Business Men's Protective Association suggested the raising of a fund to offer prizes in the leading mag azines for essays on 'How to Live on Four Dollars a Week,' and said that large employers of labor might save two or three times what they sub scribed to the fund by reading these essays and satisfying themselves that there was no necessity of paying big salaries, I thought he was wrong. But you've convinced me and proven him right, my boy." said the old capitalist, as he smilingly bowed the prize-essay writer out of his private office. Mixed Stocks. LOW WOOL PRICES. From the Helena Independent: This explanation of the low price of wool (that it is the result of the use of cot ton in making cloth) throws no light on the action of the beneficent Dingley law. which was given to the wool growers with a whoop and a guaranty that it would keep up the price of wool and make the wool growers prosper ous. It was asserted that the Wilson Gorman law was the cause of the low price of wool during its existence. The protectionists refused to admit that there was or could be any other cause. They asserted that Dingley protection for wool would raise the price of wool and keep the price up. When the great Australian drouth killed more than 20,000,000 sheep the protectionists re fused to mention it. claiming that the high price of wool, in Europe as well as In America, was due to tne Dingley law. Secretary Hedges now tells us that the predicted good effects of the Ding ley law on tht price of wool are Inter ferred with by the wicked manufac turers of the East, who are "diluting woolen goods with cotton. Why not amend the Dingley law so as to prohib it these manufacturers from "diluting" In this way and thus interfering with the beneficent effects of the law? Secretary Hedges tells the Record that the "low price of wool will also affect the character of the sheep busi ness materially." Yet the Dingley law rsigna. though its guaranty is im- paired. But why not put the wost tariff higher? Mr. Hedges tells ns that the present low price of wool under tn price-raising DIngley law "will drive the sheep men to raising sheep mors for the mutton than for the wool they bear." But why don't the sheep mea move on Congress and demand a high er tariff? Possibly the tariff isn't high enough. If the sheep men are driven, under the DIngley law. to raising sheep more for mutton than for wool, will the price of the sheep fall? Mr. Hedges leaves us to infer that it will not. on account of the advancing price of beef. If a higher price of beef causes a higher price of mutton, will the protectionists forcet all about it and claim that the higher price of mutton is due to the Dingley law? SLAVERY IN PENNSYLVANIA. The North American has presented a faithful picture of some of the condi tions prevailing In the anthracite coal district the contemplation of which fhould make Pennsylvania ashamed that it has been necessary for the min ers to ask for renef at the hands of the legislature. It is a reproach to an American commonwealth that any portion of Its population could be made the victims of a system of industrial slavery that violates the principles of its organic law and Is in every aspect, worse than feudalism. The depths of human misery are sounded by the toilers in the mines. No serf was ever more absolutely at the mercy of his master than is many a miner in Pennsylvania, who Is the perpetual debtor of the company store. This miner must work for such wages as the operator sees fit to pay, and he must pay such prices for what he con sumes as the operator see's fit to exact. By a system of acounts that is fraudul ent on its face, the prices are made to consume the wages, and revolt against the robbery means starvation for the min er and his family. There are ramines in the anthracite district who have tolled for ten years at the hardest work done by human beings and never received a dollar in cah. No more consideration is given to the needs of these toilers, beyond such as may be necessary to keep them alive while they are able to work, than is given to the wants cf wild animals. The mules that haul ore are treated more humanely than are the men who mine it. No adequate precau tions against loss of life or limb are taken, if expense be involved, because no capital is invested in human life, and death and suffering cost nothing to the company. Laws enacted to make murderous negligence expensive to corporations are nullified by subordi nation of those appointed to enforce them. Human life is held more cheaply in jJjsiqd ne wok nis razor, laier nei, in a tree, and murdered his wife Aniiild. Then coming to a realiza Df what he had done he deter 1 to end it all by taking his own j Not wishing to leave anything betis wife's relatives, against whom of It very bitter, he sought to de reaall his property by killing his fal., and placing his wagon, buggy duiarness where it would be burned, orit fire to the house. He then went jt"e and ended the tragedy by sboot jnilmself. . anter their marriage certificate was mil on the grindstone. It is sup edl that he left it there to prevent sitrandal . CO ba General Crop Summary. past week was hot and dry. pr"3ally mean temperature averaged pDsrrees above normal. The rainfall the'ery Hffht, no amount sufficient to aterops was reported. Tbe hot, dry duiier was very unfavorable for all anting crops. Thrashing of winter ratt has made good progress and the cis good and quality fine. Spring a h and oats have ripened too rap nii northern counties, and the vvewill generally be reduced. Early duci corn is beginning to tassel in proem counties and has been consid on f damaged by the drought; later wa!ed corn is standing the drought boat but corn generally has deterior- th in condition during the past wai Ext; Corn is small and late and most the Jias nt tasseled, and with rain whcwould recover largely from the lani of the dry weather. However, plns-nneca jeen.. - .. forniens who are trying to raise French walnuts, feared that their pro ducts would be reduced. "FREE AND INDEPENDENT" Till a man is independent he is not free. The man who is In danger of want is not a free man, and the coun try which does not guard him against this danger or does not insure him the means of a livelihood is not a fres country, though it may be the freest country that is. Liberty and poverty are incompatible, and if the poverty i extreme, liberty Is impossible. The un rest which we call labor troubles Is nothing more or less than an endeavor for the liberty which the working class are disposed of. William Dean How ells. Edison, the inventor, says a dispatch has become tired of inventing things to make others rich, and proposes to place his last invention on the market and reap the harvest himself. Edison is a poor man, compared to the men who have made fortunes from his brains. Still, this is the best system on earth, and under it a man of ge niuB gets a full reward for his efforts For Instance, Otto Merganthaler, the inventor of the linotype, died almost in poverty, while the men who swin dled him out of the wonderful device he perfected, rolled in wealth. Senator Beverldge, the most rampant expansionist in Congress, is on the way to Russia, ostensibly to study commecial conditions in that country. In view of Mr. Beveridge's well-known notions on the subject, it is not unfair to suspect that the real purpose of his visit concerns the ultimate annexation of the czar's dominions to our already growing property. Of one thing at least we may be quite sure, with regard to the Senator's travels, somebody els pays the freight. Monitor. FORESTS. Pro teetlon Stria coat If I astl tat! for Persons. Russia has elaborated a system for the protection of her forests as strin gent In Its provisions as If It were Instituted for the protection of human beings, which In reality it Is. Only so much wood may be cut down annu ally in each locality as will be com pensated for by the growth of the re maining trees, and all the clearances made are immediately replenished by young plants. Even private owners of forests are not permitted to cut down their trees except under gov ernment Inspection. No absolute ownership in tree3 Is now recognized, in fact, but that of the state. As a matter of fact, a very large part of the Russian forests belong entirely to the ttate. The largest private, or rath er Emi-prlvate, proprietor Is tbe ad ministration of the imperial appan ages, which possess numerous es tates, the revenues from which are devoted exclusively to the support of the nicmh-rs of the Russian Imperial family. The total area of these estates is v. good deal over twenty million acres. Being situated in the most di verse districts, an extraordinary va riety of sub-tropical and temperate HHtural productions is cultivated. In cluding sugar, tobacco, cotton, wine, tea, fruit, roses, as well as grain of every kind. The principal culture, how ever, at any rpte in extent, is timber, forests, covering nearly fifteen mil lion acre of the total. In the explor ation of these forests the greatest car has to be given. Pearson's Magazine for June. STEALS LIVE HONEY BEES. Georgia, Thief Got A war wltU a Xol lilt of Plunder. The thief is not very choice about what he steals these days. Not very many months ago the Macon Telegraph related an Instance where somebody had stolen a red-hot stove from the kitchen of a Walnut street residence while supper was being cooked. Now comes a man who stole iour beehive in which were a myriad of the little stingers. It is well known that a pro fessional chicken thief has a language by which he can persuade the barn yard fowls to keep a deadly silence at night while he picks over the lot of them and inveigles Into a sack those on which his fancy becomes fixed, but it is rather surprising to hear that any man can make bees understand that they must not sting him as be lifts a busy hive to his shoulder in the dead hour of the night and marches across country with it. This Is what has been done, however. In a neighborhood through which Ross street runs a bee farm was robbed night before last and iour big hives were carried so far that Aiiluubees have not yet found their way gramk to their old homes. It is said be g when bees want to go to any cla.ssrf'cu'ar Place they rise in the air ancei circle around until they find tb Arran"" "rect'OD anc' then make what . Tommonly known as a "bee line," ig straighter to the place than a Swf could fly. quite, . . . Scots Had aa Eve to Itoolne.s. weatCj medievaj university differed in and a,v reBpect8 from our Idea of a mod lent a university. It wa primarily a brand d of teachers and scholars, formed workl onimon protection and mutual aid. madef'8 a republic of letters. hoso from fcibers were exempt from all serv- housJ private and public, all personal -s and contributions, and from all a cot procedure In courts of law. The pitch hicg function was often secondary answA and ii often entirely overlooked. Th tlsh university from the begin- clothe;, however, emphasized the teach- fecteq function and created an atmos- learnije academic rather than civil or it imif caL The ea"y curriculum waa e, but ruiiy aoreast or tne ago. (prising in the main, philosophy Thef logy, canon and civil law. All In--tion was in Latin and the writing rived ing, a Latin dissertations was the dally of the student a straight and ow way of learning. Scribner's it wi They azine. the ri Mond Decile la Rrltlsta Acrtraltare, davs' he agricultural returns for 1900. Just nauend. show that the decline of Brit sents P-eritxlt.ure fctill pursues Its painful J so. The area under corn crops In Tit L'rltUii, which a generation ago. orches870 v.:i1 943,000 acres, has fallen Omah 333 000 acres; that is to say it is by one-quarter than it was then. The area under green crops has also fallen almost as heavily while only the acreage laid down in grass and clover shows an Increase. In horses, cattle, sheep and pigs, there is a slight advance in the period, but not such as to keep pace with the Increase In population or to compensate for tbe diminished corn production. The England which used to grow her own corn and to feed herself is becoming each year more dependent upon im portations. Prlao Feneer of Italy. One of tbe most remarkable swords men of the day in Italy, one of those Old World nations in which the knowledge of fencing not only is an accomplishment, but a prime necessity of life, is 12-year-old Signor Attillo Monferrlto. This lad has Just won the national fencing tournament In Bologna. His antagonists were th most celebrated fencers in Italy, In cluding Sartori, whose assistant At tillo UBed to be. Now the former em ployer, who was a prize winner In his day. Is beaten by a mere boy. Widowhood la Ka mat ra. In Sumatra the wind decides the length of time a widow should remain single. Just after her husband's death she plants a flagstaff at her door, upon which a flag Is raised. While the flag remains untorn by the wind the eti quette of Sumatra forbids her to mar ry, but at the first rent, however tiny, she can lay aside her weed, assume her most bewitching smile and accept the first man who presents himself. Mountain of the Monks. In the "Mountain of the Monks," on the coast of Macedonia, there are twenty monasteries. The place is sacred to the male sex. and no woman is allowed to cross Its borders. RUSSIA'S 1 T n "t