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About The Plattsmouth daily herald. (Plattsmouth, Nebraska) 1883-19?? | View Entire Issue (Oct. 12, 1887)
FARM AND GARDEN.. A BARREL HEADER THAT SECURE LY PACKS THE FRUIT. Detailed IiiHtriiftlona About Making ind Knaplng Cltlor Sweet and Sparkling. Attractive lcvlco for 1'lant Conven ient Hack for Shock Corn. A Kansas correspind-nt in Pralrlo Farmer tell liow to iniike a ruck for handling shock corn that will be appro ciatcil by any (no who been accus tomed to husking ou the ground In a cramiteri position. RACK FOn nANDMNO EIIOCK COHM. Mnke the Fills nr bid pieces of poles or of wautliiitc.s twelve feet long. Nail on three stiir !oarda ubout thirty inches long for cross pieces. One of theso bhould ba n the mirier p.ido, ami the other two on trip (tl)oui thrwu l -t npart; fasten on legs llrtuly about three feet from the cnd. In iisiii it a i hoi k Is laid acron th rack, and i m;m or boy muy plaiil on vnch siclo of th corn between the sidu pieces of thw ruck and throw tho cur ou one side and the slalkj on thu othur. This ruck la itlten handy to carry the fodder on when feeding it, or w hen putting it In larger knocks after luukiiig. Itryliig Trait I'udur Hot Ilnrt 9anli. 1'oriilar GHrdttfiiiigbUkfgc.sta that owners of hot bed fash utilize these for making a 8U11 drlr for drying surplus fruit. The sash should be elevated on u frame four feet from the wound at the front and a foot higher behind. A rack with aup jxirta for drjitiK trays at four or five inches apart i-liould be conbtrnctsd under the sash, to be reached from behind. The places of approach for sliding in or taking out the trays may bo covered with fly screening, the other tides with boards. The sash will loth increase the heat and keep off the dews and rains, thus allow ing the drying to proceed from begiuning to end speedily and with the Kiualledt. possible amount of bother. ItarrelliiK Apples. barreled apples are frequently sent long llstances by rail or other lransiortation, und the constant jolting and rough hand ling brui.t.s the fruit if not securely packed. Hence It is advisable when fill ing barrels, at every addition of a half bushel of fruit, to gently shake the barrel, nnil thus wcure close packing. Fill tho barrel so that quite a number of apples will be alnjve the level of the upper part, then place on the head, above which lay a bit of plank that will easily fit within the end of the barrel, and press the head to its original position by one of the many methods iued for the purpose. A EARIIEL HEAPEH. In the cut is shown a barrel header de Fcribed and recommended by Country Home. It consi.sti?, as will be seen by the cut, of a frame of sufficient dimensions to admit the barrel, which stands upon a plank platform. The pressing is per formed by means of a screw, either wood or iron, passing through the upper and horizontal part of the frame. Attractive Arrangement for Flowers. The floral cone is a pretty ornament for the conservatory or window garden. American .Garden gave recently an illus trated description of one, which is here reproduced fur the benefit of our readers. The cut shows the construction and fin ished Bide. Four circular ehelves aro urranged one above another for a founda tion, the diameter of the same depending upon individual taste. A convenient site for the cone is got by making the lower thclf 12 inches from the ground and the shelves 10 inches apart from center to center, with the stand for the pot 8 inches above the highest shtlf. Allowing for a pot 0 inches high and for the plant in it to project G inches above it, the height of the cone will be Ci inches. For this height the lowest should be about 80 inches in diani'.tcr: tho next higher, 83 inches; the next, 27 inches, and the high est, 18. The spaces between the shelves nre filled with soil, much as a pot would be filled. First is a layer cf coarse travel or broken crockery and charcoal and then mold within two or three inches of the next shelf. The shelves are properly braced to bear he vreight put upon them. The outer sur face of the soil is made in the direction of tho shelf just alxve, except on the lower shelf; on this the surface is perpendicu- FLORAL COVE. lar. The soil should not reach quite bo far out as the periphery of the shelf tint holds it. The soil is watered by inserting the long spout of a can between the soil and the shelf above it. Holes are bored around the center of each shelf, to allow the water to drain through. The lower fchelf is planted in something that Mill droop to tho ground. Here the atefts toa ipLcitd on the lvel surface, from the iri) . . fit edgo back three or four Inches. Above this the seeds are planted not only on the level surface, but also on the inclined outer surface. Annuals are the best, and one may select to suit his own fancy. Making Cider. Numerous machines for making cider some to le driven by steam und many to be worked by hand power have super seded in certain sections of the country the old fashioned cider mill. These save time and labor, but for making a superior article of cider no improvement has really been made over tho old time mill that slowly mashed and squeezed the apples, instead of ruphlly reducing them to a pulp or grinding them to a fine pomace. September, October and November are the cider making months, but the nearer cold weather it is produced the better tho beverage will keep. fJood cider cannot be made from de fective apples, and tho picking up of all ports with leaves and dirt attached for making cider cannot be too severely con demned. On the contrary, where cider (not vinegar) is the object, it will pay to reject all unripe and unsound apples, and wash them clean and dry theiu in the sun until they pre a little wilted, for the more water that can be removed from them at this stage the better the cider will bo. The finest table apples do not make the best cider, the preference as a cider ap ple being universally given to tho Hughes or Virginia crabs, a small apple of a little more than twice the size of the common wild crab, not remarkable for tho quan tity of iis juice and entirely destitute of anj- pood edible qualities, but producing cider that will command double the price of that made from more sightly and fine flavored apples. Next conies the Harri son, an apple yellow in color, twice ns large as the orab, whose juice so closely matches that of the crab that where they aro grown in the same ore hard they are made into cider together. There are many other good cider apples, but none that sur pass tho ones mentioned. Crab cider is remarkable for its ppark ling qualities and ppirit, rivaling cham pagne; for tho making of tho latter beverage crab cider is no longer employed. The secret of handling crab eider consists in cleansing it from all foreign matter, scum and Sv-iliment, without arresting fer mentation by heating with fire, or the use of mustard or chemicals. This is done by standing it in large open casks holding three or four barrels until fermentation has begun and considerable scum has risen and been pkimmed from the top, when tho cider is carefully racked oil through faucets placed in the casks (about eight Inches) from the bottom so as not to draw off the eediment, and it 1 then sometimes strained through fill .., of clean sand or charcoal, when it is barreled and stored in a cool cellar ready for " t Tvire additional racking i... " ;nay be dispensed with. nenevtv io sup pressed fermentation going on in tho barrel manifests itself so strongly ns to pwcll out the heads, it is necessary to give the gas a temporary rent by a small gim let hole near the bung which at once gives relief, when it may be stopped with a pin plug that can bo easily drawn out to allow another escape of the gas when it becomes necessary. This treatment is equally applicable to cider made from other varieties of apples, but to those who pre fer sweetness to sparkle and spirit, a different one is required. There nre various ways of preventing fermentation. The best, though requir ing more labor than others, consists in pcalding the cider in copper kettles or a largo copper still that will hoftTthree or four barrels, the scalding to stop Just as boiling is about to begin, when the fire 6hould bo drawn from under the still and the liquor be placed in an open cask large enough to hold it until it becomes en tirely cold, when it is drawn off in the same manner as directed for crab cider. During the heating a great mass of fine pomace will rise to tho top in the still, which should be continually skimmed off and several inches of fine sediment will remain in the bottom of the cask after the cider has grown cold. Where from fifty to KM) barrels of cider are made yearly about six of the large open casks will be wanted and should be be set high enough from the ground to allow cider to run from the faucets into barrels. Other pro cesses are the use of mustard seed or sul phate of lime as soon as the cider is bar reled, but whatever method is adopted to keep cider sweet, there are none that will preserve it precisely as it came from the press. Cider is better when the pomace re mains over night without being pressed, ('lean rye straw is the best straining ma terial to bo used in laying up the cheese, and the press and casks should be thor oughly cleansed before using a second time. Cider should never be allowed to freeze and thaw. When from neglect it has frozen to any considerable degree it should be drawn off iuto other barrels, leaving the ice when melted to bo thrown away or used to replenish the vinegar barrels. As a compensation for the waste incurred in freezing, whether done acci dentally or purposely, the cider when tlrawn off will be found improved to an astonishing degree by nature's own pro cess for expelling the surplus water. Evaporating the water by boiling the cider will ruin it for a beverage. Cham pagne cider is quite frequently made by charging cider that is deficient in spirit and sparkle with carbonic acid gas, and manufacturers of cider who are not farm ers have many methods of presenting tho article to their customers in a pleasing form that are not practicable on the farm. The Xcw Corn Ensilage. The latest plan with ensilage is to cut tho entire corn crop stalks, ears and all into the silo. Tho kernels of the corn will be wholly digested by the cattle, as it does not dry out nor lose its milky charac ter, which gives it succulence for rapid di gestion. A farmer who has made this point one of special investigation so re ports, and affirms that there is not a visi ble trace of corn in the voidings. Agricultural Newt, The nessian fly has become a serious pest in England and Scotland. The Cape Cod cranberry crop Is esti mated at one-fourth less than last season's product. The or ion fly ha3 materially decreased, the onion yield in many sections. Prominent railway officials in California are discussing the subject of giving free transportation across the continent to emi grants who will settle in that state. Statistician Dodge places Wisconsin fourth on the list of the best five spring wheat states in the Union. New Jersey and Delaware tomato can ners report a short pack. A scarcity of farm hand's has occasioned exorbitant wages and great discomfort in the whea beh of novtfeieni l&Useaqta Dd Dakota. ... . . FARM AND GARDEN. A CABBAGE TRENCH ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIBED. Itarjairamenta Necessary t the fwaceaaful Kniployruent ef Artificial laenbatara. IIow a Cross Cut Saw Mar Ba U1 by Oim Man Cleveland Bay Mora. Inasmuch as many fairs this season bare provided a regular class for Cleveland bays, and this breed of horses appears to be coming into prominent notice through out tho country, we give the picture of the Hull ion Royalty, who stands at the head of one of the largest Cleveland bay studs in America. ROYALTY, CLEVELAND BAY STALLION. There exists but little definite informa tion concerning the origin of the Cleve land hay. The vale of Cleveland in Yorkshire was peculiarly their home. This fact, together with their unifermn bay color, gave them their name. The Cleve land Hay Horse society in England was organized in 1684. This breed was intro duced in this country some ten or twelve years ago. The Cleveland Bay society of America was organised a year ago. A Cleveland bay is of medium size, ptanding 16 to 16 1-3 hands high and weighing from 1,800 to l,o0 poands. This breed supplies the demand for strong, showy coach horses. They are also well adapted for general purpose horses. A Convenient Garden Hot Bed. For a email garden hot bed excavate a trench two feet deep, three feet wide and as long as desired, selecting a sunny and well drained spot; sprinkle a little stable litter in the bottom, and oa this shovel enough horse stable manure to make twelve or fifteen inches in thickacss after it is well trained down; aroand the bed construct a frame at crib of beards, a foot high in front end eighteen iuchee at the Mck, with ends beveled to fit the aides, ti.;- whole to be covered with glass la sash that can be conveniently rwised or lifted off when required. Some manure should also be put around the frame on the outside and covered with earth to keep out the cold air. Horse stable manure mixed with a moderate amouas of the bedding is the right kind to use, and it should be hauled out and piled up a few days near tho trench, and be forked over several times and kept moist, but not drenching wet, until the heap la well beated up, when it should be shoveled in the pit as directed, and covered with five or six inches of rich soil as a bed for the seed. If the heat is excessive at any time remove the whole or a portion ef the saeh, and on warm days this should always be done. Where old sashes are so hand the bed may be made of a slse to suit them and save the expense of new. In sprouting large quantities of sweet pota toes for plants many producers cover their beds with coarse muslin, as being cheaper than glass and answering the purpose quite as well. Sugar Making; In This Country. The experiments conducted ander the auspices of the National Department of Agriculture, at Fort Scott, Kan., in mak ing sugar from sorghum cane have been announced a complete success by Com missioner Column. The new process is rapid, less costly and more efficient than the old process. By the latter it is esti mated that about one-half of the saccharine matter was wasted, even in the southern sugar cane. The diffusion process, it is claimed, saves about 05 per cent, of the saccharine matter. Experiments are being conducted in Louisiana with making sugar from the ribbon vane by the new process. Commissioner Colmaa believes that these experiments and their results are as important to this country as the in vention of the cotton gin. The only entirely successful experiment in beet sugar production in this country has been at the Alvarad factory In Cali fornia. It apxears from a receat report that there are possibilities of supplement ing the crop of the San Joaquia valley so as to lengthen the factory season la Cali fornia to five months Instead of three, the length of the season in Europe. A Homemade Sawing Maaalaa. In the illustration is shown how a cross cut saw may be used to good advaatage by one man. Prairie Farmer explains the arrangement as follows: One end of the saw the handle being taken off is bung by a swinging bar sev eral feet long to the side of the wood house. The swinging bar should run betweea two horizontal strips, which will make it run steady. To support the stick which is to be sawed, a heavy piece is fastened on the corner of the shed, and a crooked piece is fastened to the side of the shed, either by HOMEMADE SAW I NO MACHIHC nailing from the Inside or by bolts, or by setting it in the ground. The saw should have a good set so it will go through the wood without cramping. The longer the swinging bar is the less rocking motion the saw will have. Artificial Incubation. The manufacturers of incubators and the advocates of the artificial aaethod of batching lay down as the requisites of the successful employment of this method the following principles: 1. Heat of about 103 dega. Fahrenheit- 2. Proper ventilation. 3. Turning of the eggs. 4. Sufficient moisture. In theory there has never fceen any diffl- culty about artificial incubation, but tt has ! not been found so very easy La nxaaUca, ilia past few years, however, hav devcl- ralght b developed with care. The cut illustrates Gilt Edge, who baa made a good record among Guernsey mUah cows. Drying Applet. Experiments appear to have proven that acid apples with white flesh make the best product when dried. In large estab lishments apples are prepared for the evaporator by machines that pare, core and slice the apples in one operation. Hand prepared fruit, not being divided into uniform pieces, does not dry as evenly and present as attractive an appearance. Some manufacturers place the apples when they come from the parer into a so lution of salt and water one pint of salt to ten gallons of water. This Is thought to cnt the gum on the fruit and clean it, also to prevent fermentation and aid in bleaching. Bleaching la done by exposing the fruit In a wooden box or special machine, to Eulphur fumes. The sooner the bleaching is done after the apples are eut the better. Caution is necessary not to everhleach the fruit and caus it to both taste and smell of sulphur. In different establishments the heat of the evaporater varies from 65 degs. to 00 dags. Fahrenheit. The fruit must remain in from two to five hours, according to the heat of the air in the evaporator. One bushel of apples is esti mated to make from five to seven pounds of dried fruit. Ag-rlealtaral Saclatles aad Their Doings. The election of officers at the late session of the American Pomological society, in Boston, for the next two years, resulted in the choice of P. J. Berckmans, of Augusta, Ga., for president; Charles W. Garfield, of Michigan, secretary; T. T. Lyon, of Michi gan, first vice president, and a vice presi dent was also selected from each state and territory. At the convention of American florist, in Chicago, the oiQcers elected were as fol lows: President, E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind.; first vice president, W. D. Siebrecht, Astoria, N. T. ; secretary, W. J. Stewart, Bostoa, Mass.; treasurer, M. A. Hunt, Terr Haute, Ind. One vice president was also elected for each state and territory. At the lata convention of agricultural chemists la Washington the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, P. K. Chascl, stata chemist of South Carolina; vice president, W. J. Gas coyne, state chemist of Virginia; secretary, Clifford Richardson, district chemist; ex ecutive committee, P. H. Jenkins, vice di rector of the Connecticut agricultural ex periment station, and J. A. Myers, state chemist of Mississippi. Broadcast narrowing-. A North Carolina farmer describes in Southrii Cultivator how to make a light harrow for vua in broadcast harrowing cf cotton or other crops during early growth, when a heavy harrow with thick teeth does not work well. A LIGHT HARROW. The length of this harrow is eight or ten feet, and the width two and a half feet. Teeth on front piece are twelve inches apart, aud on aft piece sasae dis tance. These latter teeth are exactly mid way between those of the front piece, cut tiug little furrows of six inches apart (as shown in cut above), which will break the entire surface at each going over, taking out one-sixth of the plants. Treatment of Darnrard Mannra. The proper treatment of barnyard ma nnra is a matter of pecuniary interest to the farmer. Professor Weber, in a recent report issued by the Ohio state board of agriculture, says on this subject: 1. The stable floor should be impervious to water, and may be made of concrete, clay, brick or plank. 2. Enough bedding should be used to completely absorb the liquid excrements. Straw is the best bedding. The amount of bedding should be equal to one-fourth of the dry matter of the feed given. This would in general be about six to six and a half pounds for every 1,000 pounds of live weight of stock per day. 8. Where the manure is allowed to ac cumulate in the stable it is often necessary to employ some absorbent for the escaping ammonia. The best absorbents are muck and soil sprinkled over tho surface from time to time. Where these cannot le had the following substances may bs em ployed: Gypsum or land plaster, one-half pound per day for every 1,000 pounds live weight. Sulphuric acid, one part to 1,000 parts of water. One pint of this mixture per week will be sufficient for each ani mal. With this precaution no loss or evil results will come from the accumulation of manure in stables. 4. Where stables are daily cleaned a manure pit for the preservation of manure should be provided. This pit should have double the stable surface, should be two feet deep, and have a wall or ridge around the outside, at least a foot higher than the surrounding surface, in order to exclude water during rains. The bottom and sides of the pit should be Impervious to water, so as to prevent loss of the soluble constituents. The manure should be spread over the whole pit, aad not bo piled up at one point. Here it will keep moist, which prevents heating, and all of the sol uble ingredients will be preserved. Manure from such a pit, according to the authority quoted, would contain per ton 10 pounds of nitrogen, 5.2 pounds of phosphoric acid and 12.G pounds of pot ash. The money value would be about $3 per ton. Lime Destructive to Hoc; Cholera Germs. Dr. Salmon is reported to have said at the meeting of the Society for Promoting Agricultural Science that Mme will kill the germs of hog cholera. It was advised that the lime be applied at the rate of fifty bushels per acre, upon land used a a bog pasture, and the germs will be de stroyed In the soil to the depth of six inches. A like proportion of lime mixed in manure piles containing the germs, it was claimed, will also kill them. A Thirty Pound Book. The largest book ever bound la owned by Queen Victoria, and measures eighteen Inches across the back and weighs thirty pounds, it cob tains me jubilee addresses of congratulations from members ol the BOOTS 4& The tame quality of iooils 10 percent, olieancr than nnv hohe west of the jMitiKsipi-i. Will never be miilerKohl. Cull Mid heconvincnl. I FURNITURE PARLOR SET i FOR ALL FOR Parlors, Bedrooms, Bimuft-rooms. Kitchens, Hallways ami OiVivrs, (;() TO Where a magnificent stock ol Gooita ami Fair LVlct abound. UNDERTAKING AHD EMR A ! KITJG h SPECIALTY. CORNER MAIN AND SIXTH FRICKE & I (SL0CKS3OU TO J. M. li'l lit lt'l H.) Win kepp conntanily on hand a full ami complete mock or s and Medicines, Paine 8iis "Wall Inj;r and a Full Iino of Drug PURE LIQUORS. E. G. Dovey & Son. Fail and Winter Coods. A?e T(g Fullest ciA soiiGst lirjo of Fall and Winter 'Goods Evr branch0 tlii Market, tiiid shall he pleased to shou jou a 5UDero W'ool Dress Goods, and Trimmings, Hoisery and Underwear, Blankets and Comforters. A splei.did assortment of Ladies Mis&rvor? nnd Cluldi CLOAKS, WRAPS AND JERSEY 6. "We have also added to our line of carpt some nev pttoi:u, Fioo Oil Cloths, ntts faSs' ' In men's heavy and fine hoots und shoos, jdi hi Ladies' Childrens Footgear, we have a complete line to which v. yor inspection. All departments Full und Complete. SMOE ivn a. EMPORIUM BEDROOM SET I CLARES OF- ILATrSMOUT&r. HKHRASKA. E. G. Dovey & Son. Line OF i? uid e M.;ittMiMiW 'wet