FARM AND GARDEN..
A BARREL HEADER THAT SECURE
LY PACKS THE FRUIT.
Detailed IiiHtriiftlona About Making ind
Knaplng Cltlor Sweet and Sparkling.
Attractive lcvlco for 1'lant Conven
ient Hack for Shock Corn.
A Kansas correspind-nt in Pralrlo
Farmer tell liow to iniike a ruck for
handling shock corn that will be appro
ciatcil by any (no who been accus
tomed to husking ou the ground In a
cramiteri position.
RACK FOn nANDMNO EIIOCK COHM.
Mnke the Fills nr bid pieces of poles or
of wautliiitc.s twelve feet long. Nail on
three stiir !oarda ubout thirty inches long
for cross pieces. One of theso bhould ba
n the mirier p.ido, ami the other two on
trip (tl)oui thrwu l -t npart; fasten on legs
llrtuly about three feet from the cnd. In
iisiii it a i hoi k Is laid acron th rack,
and i m;m or boy muy plaiil on vnch siclo
of th corn between the sidu pieces of thw
ruck and throw tho cur ou one side and
the slalkj on thu othur. This ruck la
itlten handy to carry the fodder on when
feeding it, or w hen putting it In larger
knocks after luukiiig.
Itryliig Trait I'udur Hot Ilnrt 9anli.
1'oriilar GHrdttfiiiigbUkfgc.sta that owners
of hot bed fash utilize these for making a
8U11 drlr for drying surplus fruit. The
sash should be elevated on u frame four
feet from the wound at the front and a
foot higher behind. A rack with aup
jxirta for drjitiK trays at four or five
inches apart i-liould be conbtrnctsd under
the sash, to be reached from behind. The
places of approach for sliding in or taking
out the trays may bo covered with fly
screening, the other tides with boards.
The sash will loth increase the heat and
keep off the dews and rains, thus allow
ing the drying to proceed from begiuning
to end speedily and with the Kiualledt.
possible amount of bother.
ItarrelliiK Apples.
barreled apples are frequently sent long
llstances by rail or other lransiortation,
und the constant jolting and rough hand
ling brui.t.s the fruit if not securely
packed. Hence It is advisable when fill
ing barrels, at every addition of a half
bushel of fruit, to gently shake the barrel,
nnil thus wcure close packing. Fill tho
barrel so that quite a number of apples
will be alnjve the level of the upper part,
then place on the head, above which lay a
bit of plank that will easily fit within the
end of the barrel, and press the head to
its original position by one of the many
methods iued for the purpose.
A EARIIEL HEAPEH.
In the cut is shown a barrel header de
Fcribed and recommended by Country
Home. It consi.sti?, as will be seen by the
cut, of a frame of sufficient dimensions to
admit the barrel, which stands upon a
plank platform. The pressing is per
formed by means of a screw, either wood
or iron, passing through the upper and
horizontal part of the frame.
Attractive Arrangement for Flowers.
The floral cone is a pretty ornament for
the conservatory or window garden.
American .Garden gave recently an illus
trated description of one, which is here
reproduced fur the benefit of our readers.
The cut shows the construction and fin
ished Bide. Four circular ehelves aro
urranged one above another for a founda
tion, the diameter of the same depending
upon individual taste. A convenient site
for the cone is got by making the lower
thclf 12 inches from the ground and the
shelves 10 inches apart from center to
center, with the stand for the pot 8 inches
above the highest shtlf. Allowing for a
pot 0 inches high and for the plant in it
to project G inches above it, the height of
the cone will be Ci inches. For this
height the lowest should be about 80
inches in diani'.tcr: tho next higher, 83
inches; the next, 27 inches, and the high
est, 18. The spaces between the shelves
nre filled with soil, much as a pot
would be filled. First is a layer
cf coarse travel or broken crockery and
charcoal and then mold within two or
three inches of the next shelf. The
shelves are properly braced to bear he
vreight put upon them. The outer sur
face of the soil is made in the direction of
tho shelf just alxve, except on the lower
shelf; on this the surface is perpendicu-
FLORAL COVE.
lar. The soil should not reach quite bo
far out as the periphery of the shelf tint
holds it. The soil is watered by inserting
the long spout of a can between the soil
and the shelf above it. Holes are bored
around the center of each shelf, to allow
the water to drain through. The lower
fchelf is planted in something that Mill
droop to tho ground. Here the atefts toa
ipLcitd on the lvel surface, from the
iri)
. . fit
edgo back three or four Inches. Above
this the seeds are planted not only on the
level surface, but also on the inclined
outer surface. Annuals are the best, and
one may select to suit his own fancy.
Making Cider.
Numerous machines for making cider
some to le driven by steam und many
to be worked by hand power have super
seded in certain sections of the country
the old fashioned cider mill. These save
time and labor, but for making a superior
article of cider no improvement has really
been made over tho old time mill that
slowly mashed and squeezed the apples,
instead of ruphlly reducing them to a
pulp or grinding them to a fine pomace.
September, October and November are
the cider making months, but the nearer
cold weather it is produced the better tho
beverage will keep.
fJood cider cannot be made from de
fective apples, and tho picking up of all
ports with leaves and dirt attached for
making cider cannot be too severely con
demned. On the contrary, where cider
(not vinegar) is the object, it will pay to
reject all unripe and unsound apples, and
wash them clean and dry theiu in the sun
until they pre a little wilted, for the more
water that can be removed from them at
this stage the better the cider will bo.
The finest table apples do not make the
best cider, the preference as a cider ap
ple being universally given to tho Hughes
or Virginia crabs, a small apple of a little
more than twice the size of the common
wild crab, not remarkable for tho quan
tity of iis juice and entirely destitute of
anj- pood edible qualities, but producing
cider that will command double the price
of that made from more sightly and fine
flavored apples. Next conies the Harri
son, an apple yellow in color, twice ns
large as the orab, whose juice so closely
matches that of the crab that where they
aro grown in the same ore hard they are
made into cider together. There are many
other good cider apples, but none that sur
pass tho ones mentioned.
Crab cider is remarkable for its ppark
ling qualities and ppirit, rivaling cham
pagne; for tho making of tho latter
beverage crab cider is no longer employed.
The secret of handling crab eider consists
in cleansing it from all foreign matter,
scum and Sv-iliment, without arresting fer
mentation by heating with fire, or the use
of mustard or chemicals. This is done by
standing it in large open casks holding
three or four barrels until fermentation
has begun and considerable scum has
risen and been pkimmed from the top,
when tho cider is carefully racked oil
through faucets placed in the casks
(about eight Inches) from the bottom so
as not to draw off the eediment, and it 1
then sometimes strained through fill ..,
of clean sand or charcoal, when it is
barreled and stored in a cool cellar ready
for " t Tvire additional
racking i... " ;nay
be dispensed with. nenevtv io sup
pressed fermentation going on in tho
barrel manifests itself so strongly ns to
pwcll out the heads, it is necessary to give
the gas a temporary rent by a small gim
let hole near the bung which at once gives
relief, when it may be stopped with a pin
plug that can bo easily drawn out to
allow another escape of the gas when
it becomes necessary. This treatment is
equally applicable to cider made from other
varieties of apples, but to those who pre
fer sweetness to sparkle and spirit, a
different one is required.
There nre various ways of preventing
fermentation. The best, though requir
ing more labor than others, consists in
pcalding the cider in copper kettles or a
largo copper still that will hoftTthree or
four barrels, the scalding to stop Just as
boiling is about to begin, when the fire
6hould bo drawn from under the still and
the liquor be placed in an open cask large
enough to hold it until it becomes en
tirely cold, when it is drawn off in the
same manner as directed for crab cider.
During the heating a great mass of fine
pomace will rise to tho top in the still,
which should be continually skimmed off
and several inches of fine sediment will
remain in the bottom of the cask after the
cider has grown cold. Where from fifty
to KM) barrels of cider are made yearly
about six of the large open casks will be
wanted and should be be set high enough
from the ground to allow cider to run
from the faucets into barrels. Other pro
cesses are the use of mustard seed or sul
phate of lime as soon as the cider is bar
reled, but whatever method is adopted to
keep cider sweet, there are none that will
preserve it precisely as it came from the
press.
Cider is better when the pomace re
mains over night without being pressed,
('lean rye straw is the best straining ma
terial to bo used in laying up the cheese,
and the press and casks should be thor
oughly cleansed before using a second
time. Cider should never be allowed to
freeze and thaw. When from neglect it
has frozen to any considerable degree it
should be drawn off iuto other barrels,
leaving the ice when melted to bo thrown
away or used to replenish the vinegar
barrels. As a compensation for the waste
incurred in freezing, whether done acci
dentally or purposely, the cider when
tlrawn off will be found improved to an
astonishing degree by nature's own pro
cess for expelling the surplus water.
Evaporating the water by boiling the
cider will ruin it for a beverage. Cham
pagne cider is quite frequently made by
charging cider that is deficient in spirit
and sparkle with carbonic acid gas, and
manufacturers of cider who are not farm
ers have many methods of presenting tho
article to their customers in a pleasing
form that are not practicable on the farm.
The Xcw Corn Ensilage.
The latest plan with ensilage is to cut
tho entire corn crop stalks, ears and all
into the silo. Tho kernels of the corn
will be wholly digested by the cattle, as it
does not dry out nor lose its milky charac
ter, which gives it succulence for rapid di
gestion. A farmer who has made this
point one of special investigation so re
ports, and affirms that there is not a visi
ble trace of corn in the voidings.
Agricultural Newt,
The nessian fly has become a serious
pest in England and Scotland.
The Cape Cod cranberry crop Is esti
mated at one-fourth less than last season's
product.
The or ion fly ha3 materially decreased,
the onion yield in many sections.
Prominent railway officials in California
are discussing the subject of giving free
transportation across the continent to emi
grants who will settle in that state.
Statistician Dodge places Wisconsin
fourth on the list of the best five spring
wheat states in the Union.
New Jersey and Delaware tomato can
ners report a short pack.
A scarcity of farm hand's has occasioned
exorbitant wages and great discomfort in
the whea beh of novtfeieni l&Useaqta Dd
Dakota. ... . .
FARM AND GARDEN.
A CABBAGE TRENCH ILLUSTRATED
AND DESCRIBED.
Itarjairamenta Necessary t the fwaceaaful
Kniployruent ef Artificial laenbatara.
IIow a Cross Cut Saw Mar Ba U1
by Oim Man Cleveland Bay Mora.
Inasmuch as many fairs this season bare
provided a regular class for Cleveland
bays, and this breed of horses appears to
be coming into prominent notice through
out tho country, we give the picture of the
Hull ion Royalty, who stands at the head
of one of the largest Cleveland bay studs
in America.
ROYALTY, CLEVELAND BAY STALLION.
There exists but little definite informa
tion concerning the origin of the Cleve
land hay. The vale of Cleveland in
Yorkshire was peculiarly their home.
This fact, together with their unifermn bay
color, gave them their name. The Cleve
land Hay Horse society in England was
organized in 1684. This breed was intro
duced in this country some ten or twelve
years ago. The Cleveland Bay society
of America was organised a year ago.
A Cleveland bay is of medium size,
ptanding 16 to 16 1-3 hands high and
weighing from 1,800 to l,o0 poands.
This breed supplies the demand for
strong, showy coach horses. They are
also well adapted for general purpose
horses.
A Convenient Garden Hot Bed.
For a email garden hot bed excavate a
trench two feet deep, three feet wide and
as long as desired, selecting a sunny and
well drained spot; sprinkle a little stable
litter in the bottom, and oa this shovel
enough horse stable manure to make
twelve or fifteen inches in thickacss after
it is well trained down; aroand the bed
construct a frame at crib of beards, a foot
high in front end eighteen iuchee at the
Mck, with ends beveled to fit the aides,
ti.;- whole to be covered with glass la
sash that can be conveniently rwised or
lifted off when required. Some manure
should also be put around the frame on
the outside and covered with earth to keep
out the cold air. Horse stable manure
mixed with a moderate amouas of the
bedding is the right kind to use, and it
should be hauled out and piled up a few
days near tho trench, and be forked over
several times and kept moist, but not
drenching wet, until the heap la well
beated up, when it should be shoveled in
the pit as directed, and covered with five
or six inches of rich soil as a bed for the
seed. If the heat is excessive at any time
remove the whole or a portion ef the saeh,
and on warm days this should always be
done. Where old sashes are so hand
the bed may be made of a slse to suit
them and save the expense of new. In
sprouting large quantities of sweet pota
toes for plants many producers cover their
beds with coarse muslin, as being cheaper
than glass and answering the purpose
quite as well.
Sugar Making; In This Country.
The experiments conducted ander the
auspices of the National Department of
Agriculture, at Fort Scott, Kan., in mak
ing sugar from sorghum cane have been
announced a complete success by Com
missioner Column. The new process is
rapid, less costly and more efficient than
the old process. By the latter it is esti
mated that about one-half of the saccharine
matter was wasted, even in the southern
sugar cane. The diffusion process, it is
claimed, saves about 05 per cent, of the
saccharine matter. Experiments are
being conducted in Louisiana with making
sugar from the ribbon vane by the new
process. Commissioner Colmaa believes
that these experiments and their results
are as important to this country as the in
vention of the cotton gin.
The only entirely successful experiment
in beet sugar production in this country
has been at the Alvarad factory In Cali
fornia. It apxears from a receat report
that there are possibilities of supplement
ing the crop of the San Joaquia valley so
as to lengthen the factory season la Cali
fornia to five months Instead of three, the
length of the season in Europe.
A Homemade Sawing Maaalaa.
In the illustration is shown how a cross
cut saw may be used to good advaatage
by one man. Prairie Farmer explains the
arrangement as follows:
One end of the saw the handle being
taken off is bung by a swinging bar sev
eral feet long to the side of the wood house.
The swinging bar should run betweea two
horizontal strips, which will make it run
steady. To support the stick which is to
be sawed, a heavy piece is fastened on the
corner of the shed, and a crooked piece is
fastened to the side of the shed, either by
HOMEMADE SAW I NO MACHIHC
nailing from the Inside or by bolts, or by
setting it in the ground. The saw should
have a good set so it will go through the
wood without cramping. The longer the
swinging bar is the less rocking motion
the saw will have.
Artificial Incubation.
The manufacturers of incubators and
the advocates of the artificial aaethod of
batching lay down as the requisites of the
successful employment of this method the
following principles:
1. Heat of about 103 dega. Fahrenheit-
2. Proper ventilation.
3. Turning of the eggs.
4. Sufficient moisture.
In theory there has never fceen any diffl-
culty about artificial incubation, but tt has
! not been found so very easy La nxaaUca,
ilia past few years, however, hav devcl-
ralght b developed with care. The cut
illustrates Gilt Edge, who baa made a
good record among Guernsey mUah cows.
Drying Applet.
Experiments appear to have proven that
acid apples with white flesh make the
best product when dried. In large estab
lishments apples are prepared for the
evaporator by machines that pare, core
and slice the apples in one operation.
Hand prepared fruit, not being divided
into uniform pieces, does not dry as evenly
and present as attractive an appearance.
Some manufacturers place the apples
when they come from the parer into a so
lution of salt and water one pint of salt
to ten gallons of water. This Is thought
to cnt the gum on the fruit and clean it,
also to prevent fermentation and aid in
bleaching.
Bleaching la done by exposing the fruit
In a wooden box or special machine, to
Eulphur fumes. The sooner the bleaching
is done after the apples are eut the better.
Caution is necessary not to everhleach the
fruit and caus it to both taste and smell
of sulphur. In different establishments
the heat of the evaporater varies from 65
degs. to 00 dags. Fahrenheit. The fruit
must remain in from two to five hours,
according to the heat of the air in the
evaporator. One bushel of apples is esti
mated to make from five to seven pounds
of dried fruit.
Ag-rlealtaral Saclatles aad Their Doings.
The election of officers at the late session
of the American Pomological society, in
Boston, for the next two years, resulted in
the choice of P. J. Berckmans, of Augusta,
Ga., for president; Charles W. Garfield, of
Michigan, secretary; T. T. Lyon, of Michi
gan, first vice president, and a vice presi
dent was also selected from each state and
territory.
At the convention of American florist,
in Chicago, the oiQcers elected were as fol
lows: President, E. G. Hill, Richmond,
Ind.; first vice president, W. D. Siebrecht,
Astoria, N. T. ; secretary, W. J. Stewart,
Bostoa, Mass.; treasurer, M. A. Hunt,
Terr Haute, Ind. One vice president was
also elected for each state and territory.
At the lata convention of agricultural
chemists la Washington the following
officers were elected for the ensuing year:
President, P. K. Chascl, stata chemist of
South Carolina; vice president, W. J. Gas
coyne, state chemist of Virginia; secretary,
Clifford Richardson, district chemist; ex
ecutive committee, P. H. Jenkins, vice di
rector of the Connecticut agricultural ex
periment station, and J. A. Myers, state
chemist of Mississippi.
Broadcast narrowing-.
A North Carolina farmer describes in
Southrii Cultivator how to make a light
harrow for vua in broadcast harrowing cf
cotton or other crops during early growth,
when a heavy harrow with thick teeth
does not work well.
A LIGHT HARROW.
The length of this harrow is eight or
ten feet, and the width two and a half
feet. Teeth on front piece are twelve
inches apart, aud on aft piece sasae dis
tance. These latter teeth are exactly mid
way between those of the front piece, cut
tiug little furrows of six inches apart (as
shown in cut above), which will break the
entire surface at each going over, taking
out one-sixth of the plants.
Treatment of Darnrard Mannra.
The proper treatment of barnyard ma
nnra is a matter of pecuniary interest to
the farmer. Professor Weber, in a recent
report issued by the Ohio state board of
agriculture, says on this subject:
1. The stable floor should be impervious
to water, and may be made of concrete,
clay, brick or plank.
2. Enough bedding should be used to
completely absorb the liquid excrements.
Straw is the best bedding. The amount
of bedding should be equal to one-fourth
of the dry matter of the feed given. This
would in general be about six to six and a
half pounds for every 1,000 pounds of live
weight of stock per day.
8. Where the manure is allowed to ac
cumulate in the stable it is often necessary
to employ some absorbent for the escaping
ammonia. The best absorbents are muck
and soil sprinkled over tho surface from
time to time. Where these cannot le had
the following substances may bs em
ployed: Gypsum or land plaster, one-half
pound per day for every 1,000 pounds live
weight. Sulphuric acid, one part to 1,000
parts of water. One pint of this mixture
per week will be sufficient for each ani
mal. With this precaution no loss or evil
results will come from the accumulation
of manure in stables.
4. Where stables are daily cleaned a
manure pit for the preservation of manure
should be provided. This pit should have
double the stable surface, should be two
feet deep, and have a wall or ridge around
the outside, at least a foot higher than the
surrounding surface, in order to exclude
water during rains. The bottom and
sides of the pit should be Impervious to
water, so as to prevent loss of the soluble
constituents. The manure should be
spread over the whole pit, aad not bo piled
up at one point. Here it will keep moist,
which prevents heating, and all of the sol
uble ingredients will be preserved.
Manure from such a pit, according to
the authority quoted, would contain per
ton 10 pounds of nitrogen, 5.2 pounds of
phosphoric acid and 12.G pounds of pot
ash. The money value would be about $3
per ton.
Lime Destructive to Hoc; Cholera Germs.
Dr. Salmon is reported to have said at
the meeting of the Society for Promoting
Agricultural Science that Mme will kill
the germs of hog cholera. It was advised
that the lime be applied at the rate of
fifty bushels per acre, upon land used a
a bog pasture, and the germs will be de
stroyed In the soil to the depth of six
inches. A like proportion of lime mixed
in manure piles containing the germs, it
was claimed, will also kill them.
A Thirty Pound Book.
The largest book ever bound la owned
by Queen Victoria, and measures eighteen
Inches across the back and weighs thirty
pounds, it cob tains me jubilee addresses
of congratulations from members ol the
BOOTS 4&
The tame quality of iooils 10 percent, olieancr than nnv hohe west of
the jMitiKsipi-i. Will never be miilerKohl. Cull Mid heconvincnl.
I
FURNITURE
PARLOR
SET i
FOR ALL
FOR
Parlors, Bedrooms, Bimuft-rooms.
Kitchens, Hallways ami OiVivrs,
(;() TO
Where a magnificent stock ol Gooita ami Fair LVlct
abound.
UNDERTAKING AHD EMR A ! KITJG h SPECIALTY.
CORNER MAIN AND SIXTH
FRICKE &
I
(SL0CKS3OU TO J. M. li'l lit lt'l H.)
Win kepp conntanily on hand a full ami complete mock or
s and Medicines, Paine 8iis
"Wall Inj;r and a Full Iino of
Drug
PURE LIQUORS.
E. G. Dovey & Son.
Fail and Winter Coods.
A?e T(g Fullest ciA
soiiGst lirjo of
Fall and Winter 'Goods
Evr branch0 tlii Market,
tiiid shall he pleased to shou jou a
5UDero
W'ool Dress Goods,
and Trimmings,
Hoisery and Underwear,
Blankets and Comforters.
A splei.did assortment of Ladies Mis&rvor? nnd Cluldi
CLOAKS, WRAPS AND JERSEY 6.
"We have also added to our line of carpt some nev pttoi:u,
Fioo Oil Cloths, ntts faSs' '
In men's heavy and fine hoots und shoos, jdi hi Ladies'
Childrens Footgear, we have a complete line to which v.
yor inspection. All departments Full und Complete.
SMOE
ivn
a.
EMPORIUM
BEDROOM
SET I
CLARES OF-
ILATrSMOUT&r. HKHRASKA.
E. G. Dovey & Son.
Line
OF
i? uid
e
M.;ittMiMiW 'wet
