Farmers 'Not Alone'
Subsdiy Report Tells
By Fred Murshtdl
Billions of dollars have left the
farm in recent years to the advan
tage of others heyond the farm
gate Farmers have been produ
cing more each year, but they are
•reiving less net income now
faan they did when volume was
•nailer The increase in output
aver the last several years has. in
affect, been given away by the
farmer.
Yet, nearly every time the far
mer as an individual, or through
group action, lifts his voice to pro
pose some remedy for inequalities
B/it have lasted too long, up goes
far cry of subsidy. In many cast's
Bar person or group which points
far accusing finger at aids receiv
ed by agriculture is making out
•cry well with a subsidy arrange
ment of his own.
The sub-tidy Is as ancient as
tone. It has an honorable purpos*
«*1 tradition. This does not |g
cor excuse the fact that the
mWdjr principle has suffered
gram misuse.
One writer says: Technically, I
famss, the oldest subsidy of which
farre is any record was the gift of
fafam and Eve of the Garden of
Eden This failed to last, because
Eve a monopolist at heart, oould
•‘t bear the thought of 1 icing do
med even the fruit of one tree, so
■be connived with a propagandist
fthe serpent I to win Adam’s sup
port The result was that greed led
to the cancellation of the whole
mbsidy arrangement, and Adam
and Eve had to go to work.
Over the ages, man has learned
to be more successful with subsidy
arrangements.
The subsidy is indispensable to
fay, in a world swelled with rapid
ly increasing population, but shrun- i
her in size by rockets weapons
today, air carriers tomorrow .
4fat travel well beyond the speed j
afT sound. i
There is wide knowledge that ;
farm subsidies exist, hut little un- I
facstanding of them. There Is on- 1
ly limited knowledge of the hur
idreds of nonfarm subsidies whie
have been operating to the advar
I tage of Injsiness. industry, an
the general public for many years
Subsidies have supported king
and developed kingdoms, This aj
plies as much today as it did i
ages past. Subsidies have bee
used to protect the weak and t
enlarge the strong. Their use ha
promoted research, and their mi<
use has prohibited the full use c
knowledge gained by research i
order to limit competition.
Subsidies helped to settle the 01
iginal colonies. They helped to es
tablish business enterprises whie
have grown into giant industries
They helped to develop our Nav
and merchant fleets, to pioneer th
skies, and to support the westwar
march of settlement and civiliza
tion.
Subsidies helped to build our
railroads, to construct inland
waterways, to protect, then to
expand, our air transportation
system, to make possible wider
and wider circulation of newspa
pers and magazines, to enlarge
and to Improve our educational
system, to attract capital into
needed enterprises Involving
more than usual risk.
There are subsidies of every im
aginable kind, character, and form
Sotne aren’t called subsidies at all
There are patent laws, for in
stance, to protect inventors’ rights
to a machine, device, or gadget
:hat may have taken years to de
/elop. This is an indirect subsidy
:n the form of protection to the
ndividual. Some hig industrial con
:ems take advantage of this,
rhey buy up patents in order to de
ay bringing new products, or me
hods into the market to keep down
•ompetition.
Most subsidies are established to
jerve a useful purpose. Some live
>eyond their useful age. Some sub
lidy devices and arrangements are
ibused. However, many of them
lave continued to serve a useful
tinction for a long period of time.
■ -1
Don't Fail to Take Advantage of the
Vi Price Sale
Its sail Effect!
Cara Nome “FAST’ Permanent
Regular price $1.75.
Mow on Special at just.
Buy several of them at this price!
Yz Price Special on I
Desert Bower Cream Deodorant
Regular $1.00 jar. I
Mow just. 1
Baby's Tender Skin Deserves The Best of Care
I ii i tag, Qtn GUIs For
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New products for your ktkjN life of wwo created in Rexall’s
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Oil . 49c
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Talc . 59c
Shampoo . 59c
Lotion.49c
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Don’t Forget NURAGIN . . .
From Gilligan REXALL Drug when you get ready
to plant!
Veterinary Supplies
SCOURS REMEDIES
Scours can be easily. Don’t wait until It gets started
among your calves. Keep a supply of medication <fi
hand. We carry 8lJMpA8TREl>, 'rRRRAMT CIN AID,
KAOSTREP, and other good Scours Remedies. Get
some today at GiRIgaa REXAIJ. Drug.
PNEUMONIA—
Pneumonia is always a threat among young calves. Pen
icillin and Dihydrsstreptoniycln in combination is a very
effective medics Ron against this disease. Get a few
bottles at GlHgaa REXAIJ. Drug today, and keep it
in hand.
VACCINES
You'll like oar prices on vaccines. both the double and
the triple. We aiss carry the straight Hemmorhagic
Bacterin for those whs prefer to use it.
Prescriptions
Have your next prewcrtptt—h flOed at Gilltgan REXALL Drug bv
mo of our PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS.
PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS
Gilligan’s Retail Drug
Ben Gilligen Robert T. Devoy
Phone 87 - O'Neill
Examples are Government sub
sidies to land-grant colleges for
agricultural research and exten
sion sen ices through the country.
Subsidies to the railroads, or the
airlines, or atomic energy develop
ments are other examples.
Understanding of subsidies is
hampered by lack of a clear defin
ition of what they are, and the re
I luctance of many subsidy benefici
■ ! nries to cal! subsidies by their true
h | names There are as many defini
'■ | tions of subsidies as there are per
1 sons receiving them Many of the
critics of subsidies are themselves
s benefiting from some type of sub
K sidy. In such cases the subsidy they
1 receive usually is called by another
3 name, while subsidies helping out
3 some other person or group may
s be classed as a raid on the taxpa
• yer's dollar
. Subsidies are usually associated
with a direct outlay of money by
a government to an industry, a
■ group, or an individual. One dic
" tionary definition says a subsidy
h is “a government grant to assist
■ a private enterprise deemed ad
V vantageous to the public.” Another
J calls a subsidy "a grant of money
3 from a government to a person or
■ industrial scheme considered as
beneficial to the public.”
Commonly accepted subsidies in
clude direct government grants,
payments, and loans, forgiveness
of certain taxes, and the supplying
of commodities, materials, or ser
vices at less than cost.
Most authorities also include any
government grant of protection or
privilege which gives special ad
vantage. The tariff and patent pro
tection laws fall in this class of
subsidies, as well as rights granted
to operate without fear on monopo
to some public-service institutions
ly prosecution.
In recent years the subsidy has
I become closely associated in the
public mind with agriculture and
the farmer. As a p
plled to agriculture, the word ba*
been surrounded with Implica
tions of self Interest, greed, and
a breakdown of moral fiber.
However, those familiar with the
important part subsidies have
played - and are playing still -
in the development of the country
pay little respect to insinuations
of this kind.
From the beginnings of the or
iginal colonies, subsidies have had
an important role in American de
velopment. Huge land subsidies
were granted for establishing co
lonies and fortifying them. Some
of the early organizers of colonies
were paid cash subsidies for each
settler they brought in.
The greatest and most enduring
subsidy ever enacted was the tar
iff system. This is not a direct
money grant. It operates unseen.
It simply sets up a barrier against
the importation of thousands of
raw and manufactured items and
commodities unless they pay a
tax to get in.
Tariff revenues to Government
alone are running $600 to $700 mil
lion a year. Benefits to business,
industry, and other groups, inclu
ding agriculture, run to untold mil
lions in addition.
Just because the tariff is a sub
sidy doesn't mean it is bad. Some
people think some tariffs are bad,
but no one has seriously suggested
that the whole tariff structure be
wiped out.
One of the classic remarks on
subsidies was attributed to an ag
ricultural leader working on new
farm programs in the early thir
ties: “Oh, if we could only find a
method of financing that would
work as smoothly and as silently
as the tariff!"
Amelia News
Thompsons
Return to
Amelia
By Florence Lindsey
Mr. and Mrs. Gene Thompson
and family, of Scottsbluff moved
back to the Amelia community
Saturday and will live on the
place they formerly occupied be
fore going to Scottsbluff a year
ago. It is known as the Mulligan
place.
Mr and Mrs. Vem Sageser
went to Atkinson Saturday to vis
it an uncle, E. V. (Dode) Sa
geser who is hospitalized at the
Memorial hospital.
Mrs. S. C. Barnett. Mrs Ed
ith Andersen. Mrs. Emma Lind
sey and Florence Lindsey spent
Friday evening with Mrs. Blossom
Butler and Mrs. Effie Withers.
Mr. and Mrs. Dick Porter, Mar
sin and Bob left Thursday for
Thermopolis, Wyo., to make their
home.
Anthony Kamphaus of Red Bird
visited at Anton Svatos Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Coolidge,
Mr. and Mrs. Link Sageser and
Mr. and Mrs. Vem Sageser were
Sunday dinner guests at Eamie
Johnstons.
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Rees at
tended the wedding of Mr. Rees’
niece, Joan Rees, at Norfolk Sat
urday.
Mrs. Blake Ott. Mrs. Lew Back
haus and Mrs. Eamie Johnston
helped paper at Mrs. Bertha Sam
mons Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. Art IXx>iittle were
Sunday evening supper guests of
i Mr. and Mrs. Gus Robertson at
their home in Atkinson.
The Amelia school pupils attend
ed the music festival in O'Neill
Monday.
Mr and Mrs Rollie Everett of
Atkinson spent Friday evening
with Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adair.
Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Ikadlttle
and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ever
I ett visited at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Ralph Adair Sunday
evening and later in the evening
they ail attended the show in At
kinson.
Mrs. Dick Doolittle, Mrs. Geor
ge Fullerton and Mrs. Gertie Ad
air helped Mrs. Lee Oilman hang
paper Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. George Fullerton
Mrs. Kenneth Werner, and Miss
Joan Fullerton went to Wayne
Thursday to attend a musical at
Wayne State college. Misses Phil
lis Fullerton and Connie Werner
took part in the program Miss
Joan Fullerton visited with her
cousin. Phillis at the domitory
over Thursday night and Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. Irvin Forbes have
a new stationwagon.
Miss Jackie Stienmark of Pil
ger, spent the weekend with Phil
lis Fullerton at the home of her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Ful
lerton. The girls are roommates
at Wayne State college.
Mrs. Stella Sparks and Lonnie
and Mrs. Gertie Adair visited Mrs.
Elsie Doolittle and boys at Stuart
Sunday afternoon.
Mrs. Robert Adair. Mrs. Gertie
Adair and Mrs. Stella Spaks were
O’Neill callers Monday afternoon.
Mrs Vem Sageser. Mr and
Mrs. Link Sageser called on Mrs
Bertha Sammons Sunday evening.
Mr and Mi'S. Bud Clemens. IXni
and Jeanette, Mr. and Mrs Glenn
White and Venita and Mr. and
Mrs, Iarus Burgett and Wayne at
tended the senior class play in
Chambers Friday evening.
Mr. and Mi's. Paul Fisher, and
Mr. and Mrs. Jerr> Dickerson
were Sunday dinner guests at
Clyde Burges home.
The Women’s Missionary Socie
ty met with Mrs. Bud Clemens
April 8.
>lr. anil Mrs. IauU* Burgett
and Wayne, and Mrs. Bud tie
mens attended a shower for
Miss Helen Harbin of Bassett at
the August Schwager home near
Ewing on $iiutla>. Miss llarbin
Is a sister of Mrs. Burgett. She
will be married to Elmer Seh
wager during the month of April.
Helping Hand (itih Meets
Hie Helping Hand club met at
the home of Mrs. Elmer Coolidge
April 9. All memlK'rs except one
were present. Two visitors. Mrs.
Glee Grimes and Mrs. Charles
Coolidge were also present. After
dinner the business meeting was
called to order by president. Mi's.
Della Peterson.
There was an exchange of seeds
and plants. Mrs Ralph Rees and
Mrs. Elmer Collidge had charge of
the afternoon program.
The May meeting will be with
Mrs. Ralph Rees and will be the
last meeting until fall.
Mr. and Mrs. Lew Baekhaus
were dinner guests of Mr and
Mrs Roy Baekhaus at their home
near Chambers on Sunday.
Ernest Young of Chambers is
ill in a hospital in Omaha. Mr.
Young was a former resident of
the Amelia community having liv
ed on the ranch now owned by
I Mr. and Mrs August Poapichal
Pledge tte|ieated
AMELIA Pin»' Grove Hustlers
4-H club held their third meeting
at tho home of Cathy, Joyce and
Vicki Doolittle Friday evening
The meeting was called to order
by repeating the 4-11 pledge Roll
call was answered by 10 members
by answering with a breed of cat
tle or a kind of stitch
Next meeting to he with Jacks
and Hilly Doolittle,
Project reports were given on
livestock confirmation of calves
we would like to have for our pro
ject. Named breeds of cattle on the
cards; Rope cost and told of
what the samples of rope were
made; Range Management when
to look for cool and warm season
grasses, Sewing color and made
different kinds of stitches, looked
at sewing tools and judged scis
sors; Yeast breads bacteria and
girls told about rolls they have
baked.
After a short singing period
lunch was served by Mrs Doolittle
consisting of two kinds of sandwi
ches. pickles, potato chips, two
kinds of pie, cocoa and coffee
or h n. <;n nrKM.KFYE
OPTOMETRIST
Northeast Comer
of 4th A f>Higlas
D NEILL. NKBR.
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