Farmers 'Not Alone' Subsdiy Report Tells By Fred Murshtdl Billions of dollars have left the farm in recent years to the advan tage of others heyond the farm gate Farmers have been produ cing more each year, but they are •reiving less net income now faan they did when volume was •nailer The increase in output aver the last several years has. in affect, been given away by the farmer. Yet, nearly every time the far mer as an individual, or through group action, lifts his voice to pro pose some remedy for inequalities B/it have lasted too long, up goes far cry of subsidy. In many cast's Bar person or group which points far accusing finger at aids receiv ed by agriculture is making out •cry well with a subsidy arrange ment of his own. The sub-tidy Is as ancient as tone. It has an honorable purpos* «*1 tradition. This does not |g cor excuse the fact that the mWdjr principle has suffered gram misuse. One writer says: Technically, I famss, the oldest subsidy of which farre is any record was the gift of fafam and Eve of the Garden of Eden This failed to last, because Eve a monopolist at heart, oould •‘t bear the thought of 1 icing do med even the fruit of one tree, so ■be connived with a propagandist fthe serpent I to win Adam’s sup port The result was that greed led to the cancellation of the whole mbsidy arrangement, and Adam and Eve had to go to work. Over the ages, man has learned to be more successful with subsidy arrangements. The subsidy is indispensable to fay, in a world swelled with rapid ly increasing population, but shrun- i her in size by rockets weapons today, air carriers tomorrow . 4fat travel well beyond the speed j afT sound. i There is wide knowledge that ; farm subsidies exist, hut little un- I facstanding of them. There Is on- 1 ly limited knowledge of the hur idreds of nonfarm subsidies whie have been operating to the advar I tage of Injsiness. industry, an the general public for many years Subsidies have supported king and developed kingdoms, This aj plies as much today as it did i ages past. Subsidies have bee used to protect the weak and t enlarge the strong. Their use ha promoted research, and their mi< use has prohibited the full use c knowledge gained by research i order to limit competition. Subsidies helped to settle the 01 iginal colonies. They helped to es tablish business enterprises whie have grown into giant industries They helped to develop our Nav and merchant fleets, to pioneer th skies, and to support the westwar march of settlement and civiliza tion. Subsidies helped to build our railroads, to construct inland waterways, to protect, then to expand, our air transportation system, to make possible wider and wider circulation of newspa pers and magazines, to enlarge and to Improve our educational system, to attract capital into needed enterprises Involving more than usual risk. There are subsidies of every im aginable kind, character, and form Sotne aren’t called subsidies at all There are patent laws, for in stance, to protect inventors’ rights to a machine, device, or gadget :hat may have taken years to de /elop. This is an indirect subsidy :n the form of protection to the ndividual. Some hig industrial con :ems take advantage of this, rhey buy up patents in order to de ay bringing new products, or me hods into the market to keep down •ompetition. Most subsidies are established to jerve a useful purpose. Some live >eyond their useful age. Some sub lidy devices and arrangements are ibused. However, many of them lave continued to serve a useful tinction for a long period of time. ■ -1 Don't Fail to Take Advantage of the Vi Price Sale Its sail Effect! Cara Nome “FAST’ Permanent Regular price $1.75. Mow on Special at just. Buy several of them at this price! Yz Price Special on I Desert Bower Cream Deodorant Regular $1.00 jar. I Mow just. 1 Baby's Tender Skin Deserves The Best of Care I ii i tag, Qtn GUIs For “BABY CARE” New products for your ktkjN life of wwo created in Rexall’s Famous laboratories. Oil . 49c Soap.3 for 49c Talc . 59c Shampoo . 59c Lotion.49c i “BABY CARE” Products are commended by “Parents" Magazine Don’t Forget NURAGIN . . . From Gilligan REXALL Drug when you get ready to plant! Veterinary Supplies SCOURS REMEDIES Scours can be easily. Don’t wait until It gets started among your calves. Keep a supply of medication , 'rRRRAMT CIN AID, KAOSTREP, and other good Scours Remedies. Get some today at GiRIgaa REXAIJ. Drug. PNEUMONIA— Pneumonia is always a threat among young calves. Pen icillin and Dihydrsstreptoniycln in combination is a very effective medics Ron against this disease. Get a few bottles at GlHgaa REXAIJ. Drug today, and keep it in hand. VACCINES You'll like oar prices on vaccines. both the double and the triple. We aiss carry the straight Hemmorhagic Bacterin for those whs prefer to use it. Prescriptions Have your next prewcrtptt—h flOed at Gilltgan REXALL Drug bv mo of our PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS. PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS Gilligan’s Retail Drug Ben Gilligen Robert T. Devoy Phone 87 - O'Neill Examples are Government sub sidies to land-grant colleges for agricultural research and exten sion sen ices through the country. Subsidies to the railroads, or the airlines, or atomic energy develop ments are other examples. Understanding of subsidies is hampered by lack of a clear defin ition of what they are, and the re I luctance of many subsidy benefici ■ ! nries to cal! subsidies by their true h | names There are as many defini '■ | tions of subsidies as there are per 1 sons receiving them Many of the critics of subsidies are themselves s benefiting from some type of sub K sidy. In such cases the subsidy they 1 receive usually is called by another 3 name, while subsidies helping out 3 some other person or group may s be classed as a raid on the taxpa • yer's dollar . Subsidies are usually associated with a direct outlay of money by a government to an industry, a ■ group, or an individual. One dic " tionary definition says a subsidy h is “a government grant to assist ■ a private enterprise deemed ad V vantageous to the public.” Another J calls a subsidy "a grant of money 3 from a government to a person or ■ industrial scheme considered as beneficial to the public.” Commonly accepted subsidies in clude direct government grants, payments, and loans, forgiveness of certain taxes, and the supplying of commodities, materials, or ser vices at less than cost. Most authorities also include any government grant of protection or privilege which gives special ad vantage. The tariff and patent pro tection laws fall in this class of subsidies, as well as rights granted to operate without fear on monopo to some public-service institutions ly prosecution. In recent years the subsidy has I become closely associated in the public mind with agriculture and the farmer. As a p plled to agriculture, the word ba* been surrounded with Implica tions of self Interest, greed, and a breakdown of moral fiber. However, those familiar with the important part subsidies have played - and are playing still - in the development of the country pay little respect to insinuations of this kind. From the beginnings of the or iginal colonies, subsidies have had an important role in American de velopment. Huge land subsidies were granted for establishing co lonies and fortifying them. Some of the early organizers of colonies were paid cash subsidies for each settler they brought in. The greatest and most enduring subsidy ever enacted was the tar iff system. This is not a direct money grant. It operates unseen. It simply sets up a barrier against the importation of thousands of raw and manufactured items and commodities unless they pay a tax to get in. Tariff revenues to Government alone are running $600 to $700 mil lion a year. Benefits to business, industry, and other groups, inclu ding agriculture, run to untold mil lions in addition. Just because the tariff is a sub sidy doesn't mean it is bad. Some people think some tariffs are bad, but no one has seriously suggested that the whole tariff structure be wiped out. One of the classic remarks on subsidies was attributed to an ag ricultural leader working on new farm programs in the early thir ties: “Oh, if we could only find a method of financing that would work as smoothly and as silently as the tariff!" Amelia News Thompsons Return to Amelia By Florence Lindsey Mr. and Mrs. Gene Thompson and family, of Scottsbluff moved back to the Amelia community Saturday and will live on the place they formerly occupied be fore going to Scottsbluff a year ago. It is known as the Mulligan place. Mr and Mrs. Vem Sageser went to Atkinson Saturday to vis it an uncle, E. V. (Dode) Sa geser who is hospitalized at the Memorial hospital. Mrs. S. C. Barnett. Mrs Ed ith Andersen. Mrs. Emma Lind sey and Florence Lindsey spent Friday evening with Mrs. Blossom Butler and Mrs. Effie Withers. Mr. and Mrs. Dick Porter, Mar sin and Bob left Thursday for Thermopolis, Wyo., to make their home. Anthony Kamphaus of Red Bird visited at Anton Svatos Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Coolidge, Mr. and Mrs. Link Sageser and Mr. and Mrs. Vem Sageser were Sunday dinner guests at Eamie Johnstons. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Rees at tended the wedding of Mr. Rees’ niece, Joan Rees, at Norfolk Sat urday. Mrs. Blake Ott. Mrs. Lew Back haus and Mrs. Eamie Johnston helped paper at Mrs. Bertha Sam mons Monday. Mr. and Mrs. Art IXx>iittle were Sunday evening supper guests of i Mr. and Mrs. Gus Robertson at their home in Atkinson. The Amelia school pupils attend ed the music festival in O'Neill Monday. Mr and Mrs Rollie Everett of Atkinson spent Friday evening with Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adair. Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Ikadlttle and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ever I ett visited at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Adair Sunday evening and later in the evening they ail attended the show in At kinson. Mrs. Dick Doolittle, Mrs. Geor ge Fullerton and Mrs. Gertie Ad air helped Mrs. Lee Oilman hang paper Friday. Mr. and Mrs. George Fullerton Mrs. Kenneth Werner, and Miss Joan Fullerton went to Wayne Thursday to attend a musical at Wayne State college. Misses Phil lis Fullerton and Connie Werner took part in the program Miss Joan Fullerton visited with her cousin. Phillis at the domitory over Thursday night and Friday. Mr. and Mrs. Irvin Forbes have a new stationwagon. Miss Jackie Stienmark of Pil ger, spent the weekend with Phil lis Fullerton at the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Ful lerton. The girls are roommates at Wayne State college. Mrs. Stella Sparks and Lonnie and Mrs. Gertie Adair visited Mrs. Elsie Doolittle and boys at Stuart Sunday afternoon. Mrs. Robert Adair. Mrs. Gertie Adair and Mrs. Stella Spaks were O’Neill callers Monday afternoon. Mrs Vem Sageser. Mr and Mrs. Link Sageser called on Mrs Bertha Sammons Sunday evening. Mr and Mi'S. Bud Clemens. IXni and Jeanette, Mr. and Mrs Glenn White and Venita and Mr. and Mrs, Iarus Burgett and Wayne at tended the senior class play in Chambers Friday evening. Mr. and Mi's. Paul Fisher, and Mr. and Mrs. Jerr> Dickerson were Sunday dinner guests at Clyde Burges home. The Women’s Missionary Socie ty met with Mrs. Bud Clemens April 8. >lr. anil Mrs. IauU* Burgett and Wayne, and Mrs. Bud tie mens attended a shower for Miss Helen Harbin of Bassett at the August Schwager home near Ewing on $iiutla>. Miss llarbin Is a sister of Mrs. Burgett. She will be married to Elmer Seh wager during the month of April. Helping Hand (itih Meets Hie Helping Hand club met at the home of Mrs. Elmer Coolidge April 9. All memlK'rs except one were present. Two visitors. Mrs. Glee Grimes and Mrs. Charles Coolidge were also present. After dinner the business meeting was called to order by president. Mi's. Della Peterson. There was an exchange of seeds and plants. Mrs Ralph Rees and Mrs. Elmer Collidge had charge of the afternoon program. The May meeting will be with Mrs. Ralph Rees and will be the last meeting until fall. Mr. and Mrs. Lew Baekhaus were dinner guests of Mr and Mrs Roy Baekhaus at their home near Chambers on Sunday. Ernest Young of Chambers is ill in a hospital in Omaha. Mr. Young was a former resident of the Amelia community having liv ed on the ranch now owned by I Mr. and Mrs August Poapichal Pledge tte|ieated AMELIA Pin»' Grove Hustlers 4-H club held their third meeting at tho home of Cathy, Joyce and Vicki Doolittle Friday evening The meeting was called to order by repeating the 4-11 pledge Roll call was answered by 10 members by answering with a breed of cat tle or a kind of stitch Next meeting to he with Jacks and Hilly Doolittle, Project reports were given on livestock confirmation of calves we would like to have for our pro ject. Named breeds of cattle on the cards; Rope cost and told of what the samples of rope were made; Range Management when to look for cool and warm season grasses, Sewing color and made different kinds of stitches, looked at sewing tools and judged scis sors; Yeast breads bacteria and girls told about rolls they have baked. After a short singing period lunch was served by Mrs Doolittle consisting of two kinds of sandwi ches. pickles, potato chips, two kinds of pie, cocoa and coffee or h n. <;n nrKM.KFYE OPTOMETRIST Northeast Comer of 4th A f>Higlas D NEILL. NKBR. ■*v m? _ offtc*- hr*. • to 8 Ky»r taininml — (,.»•••• rut** Monday Th»-u Saturday Closed Wednesday Bartlett Pears Town House; halved Cana Sweet Peas CS, Highway; mixed Haaa. . .O Cane W* Green Beans ,»mOO, Algo Brand; cut.Q Cane W%PwB Candy Bars .wOO, Baby Foods in< ^ ftAc Qerber'e; otrained ... IU Cam C9^9^ I ★ "88" is yew lucky saviags amber tkis week. Safeway has sliced price after price dowa te this pani pieaiiag level I t Town House, Grapefruit New! Bel-air frozen Coldbrook, Colored I ] JUICE Fruit Pies Margarine I 4# 46-oz. Cans * 2# 24-oz. Pies 6# 1-lb. 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