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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (April 18, 1946)
-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS UNO Weathers First Big Test; Rail Unions Balk at Pay Award; Civilian Output at Peak Rate by Western Newspaper Union _— — (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Unlen's news analysis and not necessarily el this newspaper.) Seated on stone block of ruined public building, Polish girl views desolation of once modern building section of Warsaw. Once proud Polish capital is now ghost city of Europe, with half of Its population half-starved and ill-clad. UNO: Weather Storm Fraught with danger to the Unitc^ Nations Organization and world peace, the tense Russo-Iran ian dispute melted under the prom ise of diplomatic compromise, with Moscow saving face and Tehran its sovereignty. Secretary of State James Byrnes, chief U. S. delegate to the UNO se curity council, started the happy train of events, suggesting that both countries state their position In the dispute over Russian failure to with draw from Iran before UNO consid ered action in the case. Russia had walked out of the se curity council after its decision to consider the question and Byrnes' proposal offered an excellent oppor tunity for the Reds to walk back in without losing pjpstlge. Making the most of the chance, the Rus sians wrote UNO that they were pulling out of Iran without imposing any conditions for their retirement and their troops should be gone by May 6, Taking his cue, Iran's representa tive then told the security council that if definite assurances could be obtained that the Russians would ap ply no pressure for oil concessions or Red-backed provincial govern ments as a condition for withdraw al, Iran would consider the matter closed. And upon that happy note, UNO appeared to have overcome its first great hurdle. RAIL PAY: Balk at Findings In protesting the 16-cent-an-hour raise awarded by a labor-manage ment arbitration board, railroad un ion officials declared that the boost granted failed to meet higher living eosts and adjust differences in pay between railroad workers and em ployees in other industries. Declaring railroad workers were entitled to a 46-cent-an-hour in crease, B. M. Jewell, representing 15 non-operating unions, and E. E. Milllman, president of the Brother hood of Maintenance of Way Em ployees, asserted that the minimum award should have included 114 cents an hour for higher living costs plus the general industry-wide 184 cent-an-hour postwar advance. Meanwhile, railroad officials also complained against the arbitration board's wage decisions, estimated to add up to $400 per year for 1,220,000 members of three operat ing and 15 non-operating unions and cost the carriers $584,000,000 an nually. Echoing the carriers' warnings that Increased wages would require rate boosts. President Fred G. Gur ley of the Santa Fe announced that the 16-cent-an-hour award was too large and his rood would immedi ately appeal for higher freight tar iffs. Stating that the wage increases would add $25,000,000 yearly to Santa Fe operating costs. Gurley said the boost coupled with higher material, supply and fuel costs against reduced income made the step necessary. Because both the railroads and unions had agreed to accept the arbitration boards’ findings as final in submitting their dispute for set tlement, no work stoppage loomed because of disagreement over terms. The recommendations were hand ed down even as a fact-finding pan el conducted hearings on demands of the Brotherhood of Locomotive FARM LOANS: Farm operating loans will be made to approximately 10,000 farm ers—principally World War II vet erans—this spring with the addi tional 15 million dollars made avail able to the Farm Security adminis tration by deficiency appropriation. Legislation increased the amount for rehabilitation loans this fiscal year from 67to 82Vi million dol lars with the additional amount per mitting continued lending through last spring. Engineers and Brotherhood of Rail way Trainmen for a 25 per cent wage increase and changes in work ing rules. In demanding that wages and working rules be considered simultaneously, the two unions re fused to join the other 18 in sub mitting the pay issue to arbitration. CONGRESS: Pay Adjustment Government employees were in line for a pay increase as a result of congressional action but an ad ministration measure to raise the minimum wage to 60 cents an hour appeared doomed because of the farm bloc’s insistence that the same bill hike the parity formula over President Truman’s protest. The senate and house strove to get together on a uniform pay in crease for U. S. employees follow ing their approval of conflicting raises. While the senate had o.k.’d an 11 per cent boost, the house voted a $400 a year advance. Since the house also decided to limit de partment appropriations in the 1947 fiscal year to those of 1946, how ever, the higher pay would cover fewer employees and thus cut the federal payroll by 2000,000. In pushing for an upward revision of the parity formula as an amend ment to the 60-cent-an-hour mini mum wage bill over President Tru man’s veto threat, the farm bloc sought to protect farmers’ returns in a period of rising costs. Trum peting administration disapproval, Secretary of Agriculture Anderson declared revision of the parity for mula to Include farm wages would result in a 33 per cent boost in farm prices and spark an inflation ary cycle. PRODUCTION: Rosy Prospects In meeting the pent-up and ordi nary demands of consumers, re _ quircments for a large military estab- ! lishment and heavy exports, the U. S. faces an unparal leled period of pros perity, Reconver sion Director John W. Snyder Indi cated in a report to President Truman. Despite work stop John Snyder pages and material shortages, civilian production had reached a rate of 150 billion dollars during the first three months of 1946, Snyder said, with private wages and salary pay ments returning almost to the pre V-J Day date of 82 billion dollars. Non-agricultural employment total ed 44.700.000 in February, with 2,700,000 jobless seeking work. Indicative of the huge demand for goods, Snyder said that consumer and business purchases during the first quarter of 1946 equalled those of the Christmas period in contrast to an ordinary drop of 10 to 12 bil lion dollars. Though overall civilian production rose, the textile shortage remained acute, being aggravated by mills’ refusal to sell unfinished goods because of higher profits on bleached or printed cloth. Notwithstanding increasing pro duction and high taxes, the threat of an inflationary spiral remains, Snyder said. Noting the trend, he pointed out that on March 15 whole sale food prices were 3.1 per cent above those on the same date last year and the prices of other prod ucts were up 2.5 per cent. Laundries Boom Showing a continuing trend in in creased patronage of commercial laundries, the nation's laundries did a record-breaking 634 million dol lar business in 1945. This all-time high represents increases of 4.6 per cent over 1944 and 127 per cent over 1933. Increases in laundry service* sales volume were reported from every section of the coun try. OVERSEAS RELIEF: London Confab The problem of tiding war-strick en countries over the 1946-’47 con sumption year concerned delegates from 18 Allied, neutral and former enemy nations at the Emergency Economic conference for Europe being held In London. With the U. S. aiming to ship 1,000,000 tons of wheat monthly toward a goal of 11,000,000 tons, efforts were bent on stimulating con tributions from other countries to fill out the huge deficit. In this con nection, a report of the conference's combined food board recommended that Russia be requested to fur nish cereals and that steps be taken to increase the extent of Argentine exports. Little Ireland followed the U. S. In setting an example to the partici pating nations, announcing it would send 35,000 cattle, 9,000,000 pounds of canned meat, 20,000 tons of sugar as well as milk, bacon and cheese to the continent this year. Normal ly Eire sends most of its cattle and eggs to Britain. MIIIAILOVITCH: U,S. to Aid Lauding Gen. Draja Mihailo vitch’s contributions to the Allied cause in the early stages of the Eu ropean war, the U. S. state depart ment asked the Yugoslav govern ment that American officers at tached to the Chetnik leader’s head quarters be permitted to testify on his behalf In his forthcoming trea son trial. Famed for his daring guerrilla warfare against the Germans dur ing the height of Nazi domination, Mihailovitch lost his grip on the Yu goslav resistance movement with Allied recognition of the Commu nist-trained Tito following the Rus sian resurge in 1943. At odds with Tito, Mihailovitch became a fugi tive, charged with collaborating to ward the end with the Germans in vaders. In coming to Mihailovitch’s de fense in the face of bitter Commu nist allegations against the Chetnik leader, the state department said many American army fliers had been rescued and returned to Allied lines through the daring efforts of his forces. It was also pointed out that U. S. officers were attached to Mihailovich's headquarters as liaison men in co-ordinating resist ance operations. F.D.R.: Sell Stamps # Individual hobbyists and deal ers shared In the purchase of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s famed stamp collection, which brought heirs to his estate over $210,000. Representing a lifetime collec tion of the late President, the stamps were appraised in ad vance of the auction at $80,000. Berry Hill, a New York deal er, was one of the biggest buy ers at the sales, paying $1,885 for most of 29 lots of French stamps and die-proofs and $1,615 for four groups of German stamps included in statistical albums showing the extent of inflation in the reich after World War I. Dr. L. L. Ruland, a hobbyist, topped bids to pay $4,700 for 62 lots of Chinese stamps present ed to Mr. Roosevelt by Chiang Kai-shek. K. Biloski, a Cana dian dealer, paid $2,100 for 848 stamps of a Russian collection tendered to the late President by Soviet Ambassador Maxim LitvinofT. Almost $8,000 was realized on the sale of 107 lots of Venezuelan stamps and albums. NEAR EAST: Plot Thickens Long the pawns of European pow er politics, natives of the Near East again figured in the diplomatic dou ble play of the oil-rich region, with reports that the Russians were aid ing chieftains of 5.000,000 Kurds in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria in the establishment of an independent re public. Though the Kurds in these coun tries enjoy relative freedom in the mountainout regions under local chieftains, the independence move ment reportedly has thrived under Russian backing. An independ ent Kurdish republic already has been proclaimed with headquarters at Mehabad in northern Iran and Russian technicians were said to have arrived there to help strength en native forces. Headed by Ghazi Mohammed, the Kurdish movement was thrown into gear at a conference of tribal lead ers held in Baku, Russia, last No vember. Revenue and troops re portedly are being furnished by the chieftains who attended the powwow, with the heart of the movement cen tered in British controlled Iraq. Like Iran, Iraq's oil fields form part of the huge near eastern de posits prized by the major powers. ASIA: With production off 40 billion pounds below the 1936-40 average, Asiatic countries are threatened with a serious rice shortage, espe cially in areas where the cereal is the staple diet, the department of agriculture said. The scarcity is the result of a small 1945-46 crop, which was reduced by the war. and inabil ity to transport comparatively small surpluses to shortage areas. It will become most acute in the next few months as stocks from the 1945-46 harvest become exhausted. Washington Dipestj Push for Draft as Army Recruitment Misses Mark By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON. — Uncle Sam is completing the biggest “help want ed" campaign in history and he’s afraid it hasn’t been a 100 per cent When the tu mult and the shouting dies, the captains and the kings depart, the < men who served their country “take up the plough-shares or the pen as a sim p 1 e citizen a g a 1 n,“ and somebody has to look around for more to make up wie ycawcuiuc a*u*jr w That’s what Uncle has been doing. Life on the bounding main has al ways had sufficient appeal, especial ly to inlanders, to keep the navy up to par without much effort. But Americans ordinarily just don’t go for soldiering, and that fact has the war department worried. It doesn’t decide how big or little the army must be. It gets its orders from higher up. Such and such is Amer ica’s policy—the war department has to get enough pairs of sound legs and arms and enough cool heads to carry it out. Conscription has always been un popular. We don’t even like to use the word. But we have to get the men. Hence the fight to extend the draft and hence the greatest recruit ing campaign this or any other coun try has ever launched. The sum ex pended on this campaign is big, even compared to the amount spent to remind America of ‘‘the pause that refreshes.” It was run like any other advertising campaign, with a selection of the media best suited for its purposes. Newspapers, daily and weekly, magazines, especially those devoted to popular science, billboards and radio, posters and window displays were generously used. It did bring in 320,251 recruits, but that isn’t enough. And enlistments have declined steadily from their peak in November. That month 185,000 men either signed up or "re upped” as we used to say. But watch the numbers shrink! Decem ber, 131,000; January, 113,000; Feb ruary, 93,000; March (estimated) 73,000; April, ?????? Seek to Better G.I.a Lot Besides this vigorous campaign p real, sincere and sustained effort is being made to improve the life In barrack and drill-field. Hearings to hear the G.I. gripes, with specific plans to right wrongs where they were found and can be corrected, a thorough examination of army jus tice by civilian lawyers selected by the American Bar association, a 20 per cent pay increase, all these are part of a plan furthered by Sec retary of War Patterson whose one desire is to leave the army better when he retires than the way he found it. But there are a lot of hurdles. One is the need of a higher type of soldier in these days of mechanized warfare; the second is the increas ing standard of civilian wages with which the army has to compete. The automotive and the durable goods industries are the chief competitors and their pay is good. However, there are intangibles which enter into the question too. A man has to have more than a de sire for clothes, a roof and three square meals a day and no respon sibilities. To enlist he has to have a certain love for adventure, a will ingness to accept the hardships of barrack life in far countries. The army doesn’t really in its heart want the draft. It is a case of taking what they can get. I know of no officer who would not prefer a volunteer army. That is another intangible. But with the commit ments which the United States has today and until a United Nations or ganization can be formed which can take over the military function of the separate countries, the need is men. There is something strange about the opposition to extension of the draft as revealed in the hearings In my personal contacts I have not felt that opposition. By far the ma jority of people I have talked with on my recent trip through seven states have agreed that extension of selective service was neces sary—some said a necessary evil— but still necessary. One of the most carefully conducted polls undertaken by the National Opinion Research center of Denver university has this to say: “A substantial majority of the public in this country are convinced that—in spite of the military impli cations of the atom bomb—the Unit ed States needs peacetime military training. This conviction is evi denced by nation-wide survey results just released by the National Opin ion Research center, University of Denver. “To test the stability of public opinion on the issue, NORC asked separate but comparable cross-sec tions of the population two different ly worded questions, one stating an argument against conscription in view of the military implications of the atom bomb, the other stating an argument for conscription in view of atomic implications. No matter how the question is worded, a strong majority favor compulsory military training in this country. “Even the anti-conscription word ing elicits a 68 per cent majority in favor of military training despite the atom bomb, while the pro-con scription question elicits no more than a 71 per cent majority in favor of the idea.” Some of the opposition to the legislation came from people who were dupes of what many officials believe to be subversive organiza tions. Some has been fostered by congressmen looking for votes. At this writing, however, it seems that common sense and patriotism are going to come to Uncle Sam’s rescue. • • * Cut German Beer Supply I have just been in touch with the state department and am able to say, unofficially, but by no means uncertainly, that the Germans are not going to get a soft peace. I do not refer to the plan for slicing German industry to a very thin piece or the renewed efforts at de Naziflcation in the American zone. What I am able to report is a step recently taken which the Germans will undoubtedly consider cruel and unusual punishment. They are not going tc be allowed, as they hoped they would be, to brew beer. The United States gov ernment has ruled “nothing doing” because of the food situation and “other reasons.” For the precise data on the situa tion I am indebted to my former colleague, the Western Newspaper Union’s correspondent, now in Ger many, Pauline Frederick. Here it is; "The situation on brewing of beer in the three other zones of Germany is as follows, based on the reports given us by the agricultural repre sentatives of these zones in Berlin: "British zone—Brewing of beer prohibited by military order. "French zone—Brewing permitted until the recent critical food short age stopped it. "Russian zone—Brewing permit ted but no information is available on the amount of grain being used in the Russian zone for this purpose. "The proposed brewing program in the American zone requires 39,000 tons of barley which will produce about 25 per cent of the 1931 con sumption based on a 12-month peri od in our zone. The 1931 produc tion was the lowest on record. No coal is permitted for brewing pur poses until local food processing needs have been supplied. "Thirty-nine thousand tons of bar ley represents the breadgrain ra tion requirements of our zone for approximately 10 days. The rela tive caloric value of 39,000 tons of barley in the form of .beer is 50.32 billion calories, or to put it another way, one liter is equal to 100 grams of bread in caloric value. "In the brewing process as com pared with the utilization of barley for bread approximately 20 per cent of the food value of barley is lost. "The whole question of brewing beer in our zone is a big political one and promises have been made by the minister-presidents and di rectors of agriculture that this beer would be forthcoming in the spring months when farmers and workers can have it in the heavy working season. The German authorities have agreed that if the beer is made it will not be issued as a supple ment to the present ration but will be issued as a substitute for bread based on its caloric value." Well, politics or no politics, the Germans aren’t going to get their beer—let the foam fly where it may. BARBS . . . by Baukhnge In try mail: “The case of Russia versus Iran reminds me of what the elephant said to the flea as they were going into the Ark: ‘Quit your shoving!’ ” • • • Reports of sun spot disturbances make me wonder if perhaps Old Sol disapproves of this business of earthlings fooling with the atom. It would be comic if it weren’t cosmic. Another mail item clipped from an English publication, circa 1620: "What is a Communist? One who has yearnings For an equal division of unequal earnings; Idler or bungler, or both, he is will ing To fork out his copper and pocket your shilling.” Pastures Require Good Legume Stand Lime and Fertilizer Essential to Success Legumes are a "must” in any permanent pasture building pro gram if good yields of high quality forage are to be obtained, accord ing to Dr. R. Dodd of the Ohio Agri cultural Experiment station. "The legumes not only provide the nitrogen for additional grass growth and greatly increase the yield, but they also increase the lime and protein content of pasture herbage," he pointed out. Legume seedings, however, must first be limed and fertilized if per manent pasture growth is to be as sured. Describing tests made by the Ohio station. Professor Dodd said that in these trials legume seedings had failed regardless of the seeding method unless the soil first was limed and fertilized. In only about one trial in ten did satisfactory stands result from seedings of La dino and Louisiana white clover and lespedeza on disked pasture land in the absence of lime and fertilizer. “Where seedings were made on sod without any soil preparation More bay from limed, fertilized soil. but with a top dressing of lime and , 500 pounds of 0-14-7 fertilizer,” he declared, “the greatest degree of success was obtained when seedings were made early in the spring and where the grass had been weakened by very close grazing the preced ing fall or winter. The percentage of successes was more than double those obtained following seed-bed preparation but without treatment. “Where treatment and disking were combined, the percentage of successes was again doubled. It is therefore recommended that the land be first limed as needed, then disked, fertilized and seeded.” DDT Use for Hairy Vetch Recommended Recent experiments at Oregon, Maryland and Wisconsin experi ment stations would indicate that the use of DDT, while causing some in jury to honeybees, may offer advan tages that will over come these losses and even prove a blessing to the bee keeping industry. When hairy vetch was dusted ior the hair vetch weevil, at the rate of 3 per cent DDT dust, 25 pounds per acre, effective control was se cured. Bees were in most cases absent from the dusted fields for several days following the dusting. As hairy vetch is of considerable importance to the beekeepers in many regions, and as the weevil would soon kill out the crop, the importance of these, tests is of con siderable interest and value. Build a Potting Bench This potting bench may be built by using a box about 30 by 24 by 30 inches. The three top pieces of the oench may be made from the pieces of the end which have been removed. The top and sides should oe reiniorced with wood or metal cleats. Raising of Buckwheat For Rutin Extraction Buckwheat has been discovered to be a much more economical source than tobacco as a source of rutin, a drug used in the prevention of many causes of blindness and heart diseases. The buckwheat is harvested while still in its green stage. As the plant will not sprout again, it is necessary to reseed if more than one crop is to be secured. It is pos sible to secure two or th»ee crops. Monorailway Little Used, Though Fast, Safe, Cheap Although the monorailway, whose cars are suspended from a single overhead track, is a century old and admitted by eminent engineers to be the fastest, safest and least costly of all forms of rail trans portation, the only country that has used it successfully is Ger many, says Collier’s. This line, which runs between the cities of Vohwinkel, Elberfeld and Barmen, has carried an aver age of 10,000,000 passengers an nually, at speeds of more than 100 miles an hour, since it was built 45 years ago. Hostess Apron Is in Hearts and Flowers 745a <' ITEARTS and Flowers” is the “ gay theme of this adorable apron for parties or pantry 1 Appli que heart border; embroider gay flowers! WANTED TO BUY WE HAVE BUYERS FOR GOOD FARM3 in Eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. We have sold farms in this territory consistently for over 25 years. All nego tiations ethically handled. Write us des cription and price. JOHN P. CLAASSEN COMPANY, 816 Electric Bldg. Omaha, Nebr. FARMS—RANCHES FOR SALE FARMS, RANCHES, and personal prop erty turned quickly into cash. Success ful selling service since 1912. Estates, and the larger holdings our speciality. If you have a farm or ranch you wish to sell in 1946, get in touch with us NOW—for the best results. NEBRASKA. REALTY AUCTION CO., Central City. Neb. 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Some kind of draft extension it ^ assured as a result of the interna tional situation, reports Pathfinder's weekly feature "Under the Dome." ^ Temporary, local food shortages are going torropup, Agriculture officials inform "Under the Dome" editors. ★ "Under the Dome" predicts a one man filibuster will be staged against the British loan. .jl. These are just a few of the inside ^ reports which api»ear in "Under the Dome," every week. "Under the Dome" is the weekly newsletter from Washington that keeps Path finder readers better informed. x, The current Pathfinder is now on ^ sale at your local newsdealer. Get your copy today! Pathfinder 5C FAMILY • TOWN • NEWSWELKLY• NATION . WORLD \