-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
UNO Weathers First Big Test;
Rail Unions Balk at Pay Award;
Civilian Output at Peak Rate
by Western Newspaper Union _— —
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of
Western Newspaper Unlen's news analysis and not necessarily el this newspaper.)
Seated on stone block of ruined public building, Polish girl views
desolation of once modern building section of Warsaw. Once proud
Polish capital is now ghost city of Europe, with half of Its population
half-starved and ill-clad.
UNO:
Weather Storm
Fraught with danger to the
Unitc^ Nations Organization and
world peace, the tense Russo-Iran
ian dispute melted under the prom
ise of diplomatic compromise, with
Moscow saving face and Tehran its
sovereignty.
Secretary of State James Byrnes,
chief U. S. delegate to the UNO se
curity council, started the happy
train of events, suggesting that both
countries state their position In the
dispute over Russian failure to with
draw from Iran before UNO consid
ered action in the case.
Russia had walked out of the se
curity council after its decision to
consider the question and Byrnes'
proposal offered an excellent oppor
tunity for the Reds to walk back
in without losing pjpstlge. Making
the most of the chance, the Rus
sians wrote UNO that they were
pulling out of Iran without imposing
any conditions for their retirement
and their troops should be gone by
May 6,
Taking his cue, Iran's representa
tive then told the security council
that if definite assurances could be
obtained that the Russians would ap
ply no pressure for oil concessions
or Red-backed provincial govern
ments as a condition for withdraw
al, Iran would consider the matter
closed.
And upon that happy note, UNO
appeared to have overcome its first
great hurdle.
RAIL PAY:
Balk at Findings
In protesting the 16-cent-an-hour
raise awarded by a labor-manage
ment arbitration board, railroad un
ion officials declared that the boost
granted failed to meet higher living
eosts and adjust differences in pay
between railroad workers and em
ployees in other industries.
Declaring railroad workers were
entitled to a 46-cent-an-hour in
crease, B. M. Jewell, representing
15 non-operating unions, and E. E.
Milllman, president of the Brother
hood of Maintenance of Way Em
ployees, asserted that the minimum
award should have included 114
cents an hour for higher living costs
plus the general industry-wide 184
cent-an-hour postwar advance.
Meanwhile, railroad officials also
complained against the arbitration
board's wage decisions, estimated
to add up to $400 per year for
1,220,000 members of three operat
ing and 15 non-operating unions and
cost the carriers $584,000,000 an
nually.
Echoing the carriers' warnings
that Increased wages would require
rate boosts. President Fred G. Gur
ley of the Santa Fe announced that
the 16-cent-an-hour award was too
large and his rood would immedi
ately appeal for higher freight tar
iffs. Stating that the wage increases
would add $25,000,000 yearly to
Santa Fe operating costs. Gurley
said the boost coupled with higher
material, supply and fuel costs
against reduced income made the
step necessary.
Because both the railroads and
unions had agreed to accept the
arbitration boards’ findings as final
in submitting their dispute for set
tlement, no work stoppage loomed
because of disagreement over
terms.
The recommendations were hand
ed down even as a fact-finding pan
el conducted hearings on demands
of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
FARM LOANS:
Farm operating loans will be
made to approximately 10,000 farm
ers—principally World War II vet
erans—this spring with the addi
tional 15 million dollars made avail
able to the Farm Security adminis
tration by deficiency appropriation.
Legislation increased the amount
for rehabilitation loans this fiscal
year from 67to 82Vi million dol
lars with the additional amount per
mitting continued lending through
last spring.
Engineers and Brotherhood of Rail
way Trainmen for a 25 per cent
wage increase and changes in work
ing rules. In demanding that wages
and working rules be considered
simultaneously, the two unions re
fused to join the other 18 in sub
mitting the pay issue to arbitration.
CONGRESS:
Pay Adjustment
Government employees were in
line for a pay increase as a result
of congressional action but an ad
ministration measure to raise the
minimum wage to 60 cents an hour
appeared doomed because of the
farm bloc’s insistence that the same
bill hike the parity formula over
President Truman’s protest.
The senate and house strove to
get together on a uniform pay in
crease for U. S. employees follow
ing their approval of conflicting
raises. While the senate had o.k.’d
an 11 per cent boost, the house
voted a $400 a year advance. Since
the house also decided to limit de
partment appropriations in the 1947
fiscal year to those of 1946, how
ever, the higher pay would cover
fewer employees and thus cut the
federal payroll by 2000,000.
In pushing for an upward revision
of the parity formula as an amend
ment to the 60-cent-an-hour mini
mum wage bill over President Tru
man’s veto threat, the farm bloc
sought to protect farmers’ returns
in a period of rising costs. Trum
peting administration disapproval,
Secretary of Agriculture Anderson
declared revision of the parity for
mula to Include farm wages would
result in a 33 per cent boost in
farm prices and spark an inflation
ary cycle.
PRODUCTION:
Rosy Prospects
In meeting the pent-up and ordi
nary demands of consumers, re
_ quircments for a
large military estab- !
lishment and heavy
exports, the U. S.
faces an unparal
leled period of pros
perity, Reconver
sion Director John
W. Snyder Indi
cated in a report to
President Truman.
Despite work stop
John Snyder
pages and material
shortages, civilian
production had reached a rate of
150 billion dollars during the first
three months of 1946, Snyder said,
with private wages and salary pay
ments returning almost to the pre
V-J Day date of 82 billion dollars.
Non-agricultural employment total
ed 44.700.000 in February, with
2,700,000 jobless seeking work.
Indicative of the huge demand for
goods, Snyder said that consumer
and business purchases during the
first quarter of 1946 equalled those
of the Christmas period in contrast
to an ordinary drop of 10 to 12 bil
lion dollars. Though overall civilian
production rose, the textile shortage
remained acute, being aggravated
by mills’ refusal to sell unfinished
goods because of higher profits on
bleached or printed cloth.
Notwithstanding increasing pro
duction and high taxes, the threat
of an inflationary spiral remains,
Snyder said. Noting the trend, he
pointed out that on March 15 whole
sale food prices were 3.1 per cent
above those on the same date last
year and the prices of other prod
ucts were up 2.5 per cent.
Laundries Boom
Showing a continuing trend in in
creased patronage of commercial
laundries, the nation's laundries did
a record-breaking 634 million dol
lar business in 1945. This all-time
high represents increases of 4.6 per
cent over 1944 and 127 per cent over
1933.
Increases in laundry service*
sales volume were reported
from every section of the coun
try.
OVERSEAS RELIEF:
London Confab
The problem of tiding war-strick
en countries over the 1946-’47 con
sumption year concerned delegates
from 18 Allied, neutral and former
enemy nations at the Emergency
Economic conference for Europe
being held In London.
With the U. S. aiming to ship
1,000,000 tons of wheat monthly
toward a goal of 11,000,000 tons,
efforts were bent on stimulating con
tributions from other countries to fill
out the huge deficit. In this con
nection, a report of the conference's
combined food board recommended
that Russia be requested to fur
nish cereals and that steps be taken
to increase the extent of Argentine
exports.
Little Ireland followed the U. S.
In setting an example to the partici
pating nations, announcing it would
send 35,000 cattle, 9,000,000 pounds
of canned meat, 20,000 tons of sugar
as well as milk, bacon and cheese
to the continent this year. Normal
ly Eire sends most of its cattle and
eggs to Britain.
MIIIAILOVITCH:
U,S. to Aid
Lauding Gen. Draja Mihailo
vitch’s contributions to the Allied
cause in the early stages of the Eu
ropean war, the U. S. state depart
ment asked the Yugoslav govern
ment that American officers at
tached to the Chetnik leader’s head
quarters be permitted to testify on
his behalf In his forthcoming trea
son trial.
Famed for his daring guerrilla
warfare against the Germans dur
ing the height of Nazi domination,
Mihailovitch lost his grip on the Yu
goslav resistance movement with
Allied recognition of the Commu
nist-trained Tito following the Rus
sian resurge in 1943. At odds with
Tito, Mihailovitch became a fugi
tive, charged with collaborating to
ward the end with the Germans in
vaders.
In coming to Mihailovitch’s de
fense in the face of bitter Commu
nist allegations against the Chetnik
leader, the state department said
many American army fliers had
been rescued and returned to Allied
lines through the daring efforts of
his forces. It was also pointed out
that U. S. officers were attached
to Mihailovich's headquarters as
liaison men in co-ordinating resist
ance operations.
F.D.R.:
Sell Stamps #
Individual hobbyists and deal
ers shared In the purchase of
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s famed
stamp collection, which brought
heirs to his estate over $210,000.
Representing a lifetime collec
tion of the late President, the
stamps were appraised in ad
vance of the auction at $80,000.
Berry Hill, a New York deal
er, was one of the biggest buy
ers at the sales, paying $1,885
for most of 29 lots of French
stamps and die-proofs and $1,615
for four groups of German
stamps included in statistical
albums showing the extent of
inflation in the reich after World
War I.
Dr. L. L. Ruland, a hobbyist,
topped bids to pay $4,700 for 62
lots of Chinese stamps present
ed to Mr. Roosevelt by Chiang
Kai-shek. K. Biloski, a Cana
dian dealer, paid $2,100 for 848
stamps of a Russian collection
tendered to the late President
by Soviet Ambassador Maxim
LitvinofT.
Almost $8,000 was realized on
the sale of 107 lots of Venezuelan
stamps and albums.
NEAR EAST:
Plot Thickens
Long the pawns of European pow
er politics, natives of the Near East
again figured in the diplomatic dou
ble play of the oil-rich region, with
reports that the Russians were aid
ing chieftains of 5.000,000 Kurds in
Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria in the
establishment of an independent re
public.
Though the Kurds in these coun
tries enjoy relative freedom in the
mountainout regions under local
chieftains, the independence move
ment reportedly has thrived under
Russian backing. An independ
ent Kurdish republic already has
been proclaimed with headquarters
at Mehabad in northern Iran and
Russian technicians were said to
have arrived there to help strength
en native forces.
Headed by Ghazi Mohammed, the
Kurdish movement was thrown into
gear at a conference of tribal lead
ers held in Baku, Russia, last No
vember. Revenue and troops re
portedly are being furnished by the
chieftains who attended the powwow,
with the heart of the movement cen
tered in British controlled Iraq.
Like Iran, Iraq's oil fields form
part of the huge near eastern de
posits prized by the major powers.
ASIA:
With production off 40 billion
pounds below the 1936-40 average,
Asiatic countries are threatened
with a serious rice shortage, espe
cially in areas where the cereal is
the staple diet, the department of
agriculture said. The scarcity is the
result of a small 1945-46 crop, which
was reduced by the war. and inabil
ity to transport comparatively
small surpluses to shortage areas.
It will become most acute in the
next few months as stocks from the
1945-46 harvest become exhausted.
Washington Dipestj
Push for Draft as Army
Recruitment Misses Mark
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W.,
Washington, D. C.
WASHINGTON. — Uncle Sam is
completing the biggest “help want
ed" campaign in history and he’s
afraid it hasn’t been a 100 per cent
When the tu
mult and the
shouting dies, the
captains and the
kings depart, the <
men who served
their country
“take up the
plough-shares or
the pen as a sim
p 1 e citizen
a g a 1 n,“ and
somebody has to
look around for
more to make up
wie ycawcuiuc a*u*jr w
That’s what Uncle has been doing.
Life on the bounding main has al
ways had sufficient appeal, especial
ly to inlanders, to keep the navy up
to par without much effort. But
Americans ordinarily just don’t go
for soldiering, and that fact has the
war department worried. It doesn’t
decide how big or little the army
must be. It gets its orders from
higher up. Such and such is Amer
ica’s policy—the war department
has to get enough pairs of sound legs
and arms and enough cool heads
to carry it out.
Conscription has always been un
popular. We don’t even like to use
the word. But we have to get the
men. Hence the fight to extend the
draft and hence the greatest recruit
ing campaign this or any other coun
try has ever launched. The sum ex
pended on this campaign is big,
even compared to the amount spent
to remind America of ‘‘the pause
that refreshes.” It was run like any
other advertising campaign, with a
selection of the media best suited
for its purposes. Newspapers, daily
and weekly, magazines, especially
those devoted to popular science,
billboards and radio, posters and
window displays were generously
used.
It did bring in 320,251 recruits, but
that isn’t enough. And enlistments
have declined steadily from their
peak in November. That month
185,000 men either signed up or "re
upped” as we used to say. But
watch the numbers shrink! Decem
ber, 131,000; January, 113,000; Feb
ruary, 93,000; March (estimated)
73,000; April, ??????
Seek to Better
G.I.a Lot
Besides this vigorous campaign p
real, sincere and sustained effort is
being made to improve the life In
barrack and drill-field. Hearings to
hear the G.I. gripes, with specific
plans to right wrongs where they
were found and can be corrected,
a thorough examination of army jus
tice by civilian lawyers selected by
the American Bar association, a
20 per cent pay increase, all these
are part of a plan furthered by Sec
retary of War Patterson whose one
desire is to leave the army better
when he retires than the way he
found it.
But there are a lot of hurdles.
One is the need of a higher type of
soldier in these days of mechanized
warfare; the second is the increas
ing standard of civilian wages with
which the army has to compete. The
automotive and the durable goods
industries are the chief competitors
and their pay is good.
However, there are intangibles
which enter into the question too.
A man has to have more than a de
sire for clothes, a roof and three
square meals a day and no respon
sibilities. To enlist he has to have
a certain love for adventure, a will
ingness to accept the hardships of
barrack life in far countries.
The army doesn’t really in its
heart want the draft. It is a case
of taking what they can get. I know
of no officer who would not prefer
a volunteer army. That is another
intangible. But with the commit
ments which the United States has
today and until a United Nations or
ganization can be formed which can
take over the military function of
the separate countries, the need is
men.
There is something strange about
the opposition to extension of the
draft as revealed in the hearings
In my personal contacts I have not
felt that opposition. By far the ma
jority of people I have talked with
on my recent trip through seven
states have agreed that extension
of selective service was neces
sary—some said a necessary evil—
but still necessary. One of the most
carefully conducted polls undertaken
by the National Opinion Research
center of Denver university has this
to say:
“A substantial majority of the
public in this country are convinced
that—in spite of the military impli
cations of the atom bomb—the Unit
ed States needs peacetime military
training. This conviction is evi
denced by nation-wide survey results
just released by the National Opin
ion Research center, University of
Denver.
“To test the stability of public
opinion on the issue, NORC asked
separate but comparable cross-sec
tions of the population two different
ly worded questions, one stating an
argument against conscription in
view of the military implications of
the atom bomb, the other stating
an argument for conscription in
view of atomic implications. No
matter how the question is worded,
a strong majority favor compulsory
military training in this country.
“Even the anti-conscription word
ing elicits a 68 per cent majority in
favor of military training despite
the atom bomb, while the pro-con
scription question elicits no more
than a 71 per cent majority in favor
of the idea.”
Some of the opposition to the
legislation came from people who
were dupes of what many officials
believe to be subversive organiza
tions. Some has been fostered by
congressmen looking for votes.
At this writing, however, it seems
that common sense and patriotism
are going to come to Uncle Sam’s
rescue.
• • *
Cut German
Beer Supply
I have just been in touch with the
state department and am able to
say, unofficially, but by no means
uncertainly, that the Germans are
not going to get a soft peace. I do
not refer to the plan for slicing
German industry to a very thin
piece or the renewed efforts at de
Naziflcation in the American zone.
What I am able to report is a step
recently taken which the Germans
will undoubtedly consider cruel and
unusual punishment.
They are not going tc be allowed,
as they hoped they would be, to
brew beer. The United States gov
ernment has ruled “nothing doing”
because of the food situation and
“other reasons.”
For the precise data on the situa
tion I am indebted to my former
colleague, the Western Newspaper
Union’s correspondent, now in Ger
many, Pauline Frederick. Here it
is;
"The situation on brewing of beer
in the three other zones of Germany
is as follows, based on the reports
given us by the agricultural repre
sentatives of these zones in Berlin:
"British zone—Brewing of beer
prohibited by military order.
"French zone—Brewing permitted
until the recent critical food short
age stopped it.
"Russian zone—Brewing permit
ted but no information is available
on the amount of grain being used
in the Russian zone for this purpose.
"The proposed brewing program
in the American zone requires 39,000
tons of barley which will produce
about 25 per cent of the 1931 con
sumption based on a 12-month peri
od in our zone. The 1931 produc
tion was the lowest on record. No
coal is permitted for brewing pur
poses until local food processing
needs have been supplied.
"Thirty-nine thousand tons of bar
ley represents the breadgrain ra
tion requirements of our zone for
approximately 10 days. The rela
tive caloric value of 39,000 tons of
barley in the form of .beer is 50.32
billion calories, or to put it another
way, one liter is equal to 100 grams
of bread in caloric value.
"In the brewing process as com
pared with the utilization of barley
for bread approximately 20 per cent
of the food value of barley is lost.
"The whole question of brewing
beer in our zone is a big political
one and promises have been made
by the minister-presidents and di
rectors of agriculture that this beer
would be forthcoming in the spring
months when farmers and workers
can have it in the heavy working
season. The German authorities
have agreed that if the beer is made
it will not be issued as a supple
ment to the present ration but will
be issued as a substitute for bread
based on its caloric value."
Well, politics or no politics, the
Germans aren’t going to get their
beer—let the foam fly where it may.
BARBS . . . by Baukhnge
In try mail: “The case of Russia
versus Iran reminds me of what the
elephant said to the flea as they
were going into the Ark: ‘Quit your
shoving!’ ”
• • •
Reports of sun spot disturbances
make me wonder if perhaps Old Sol
disapproves of this business of
earthlings fooling with the atom. It
would be comic if it weren’t cosmic.
Another mail item clipped from
an English publication, circa 1620:
"What is a Communist? One who
has yearnings
For an equal division of unequal
earnings;
Idler or bungler, or both, he is will
ing
To fork out his copper and pocket
your shilling.”
Pastures Require
Good Legume Stand
Lime and Fertilizer
Essential to Success
Legumes are a "must” in any
permanent pasture building pro
gram if good yields of high quality
forage are to be obtained, accord
ing to Dr. R. Dodd of the Ohio Agri
cultural Experiment station.
"The legumes not only provide
the nitrogen for additional grass
growth and greatly increase the
yield, but they also increase the
lime and protein content of pasture
herbage," he pointed out.
Legume seedings, however, must
first be limed and fertilized if per
manent pasture growth is to be as
sured.
Describing tests made by the Ohio
station. Professor Dodd said that in
these trials legume seedings had
failed regardless of the seeding
method unless the soil first was
limed and fertilized. In only about
one trial in ten did satisfactory
stands result from seedings of La
dino and Louisiana white clover
and lespedeza on disked pasture
land in the absence of lime and
fertilizer.
“Where seedings were made on
sod without any soil preparation
More bay from limed, fertilized
soil.
but with a top dressing of lime and
, 500 pounds of 0-14-7 fertilizer,” he
declared, “the greatest degree of
success was obtained when seedings
were made early in the spring and
where the grass had been weakened
by very close grazing the preced
ing fall or winter. The percentage
of successes was more than double
those obtained following seed-bed
preparation but without treatment.
“Where treatment and disking
were combined, the percentage of
successes was again doubled. It
is therefore recommended that the
land be first limed as needed, then
disked, fertilized and seeded.”
DDT Use for Hairy
Vetch Recommended
Recent experiments at Oregon,
Maryland and Wisconsin experi
ment stations would
indicate that the
use of DDT, while
causing some in
jury to honeybees,
may offer advan
tages that will over
come these losses
and even prove a
blessing to the bee
keeping industry.
When hairy vetch was dusted ior
the hair vetch weevil, at the rate
of 3 per cent DDT dust, 25 pounds
per acre, effective control was se
cured. Bees were in most cases
absent from the dusted fields for
several days following the dusting.
As hairy vetch is of considerable
importance to the beekeepers in
many regions, and as the weevil
would soon kill out the crop, the
importance of these, tests is of con
siderable interest and value.
Build a Potting Bench
This potting bench may be built
by using a box about 30 by 24 by
30 inches.
The three top pieces of the oench
may be made from the pieces of the
end which have been removed. The
top and sides should oe reiniorced
with wood or metal cleats.
Raising of Buckwheat
For Rutin Extraction
Buckwheat has been discovered to
be a much more economical source
than tobacco as a source of rutin,
a drug used in the prevention of
many causes of blindness and heart
diseases.
The buckwheat is harvested while
still in its green stage. As the
plant will not sprout again, it is
necessary to reseed if more than one
crop is to be secured. It is pos
sible to secure two or th»ee crops.
Monorailway Little Used,
Though Fast, Safe, Cheap
Although the monorailway, whose
cars are suspended from a single
overhead track, is a century old
and admitted by eminent engineers
to be the fastest, safest and least
costly of all forms of rail trans
portation, the only country that
has used it successfully is Ger
many, says Collier’s.
This line, which runs between
the cities of Vohwinkel, Elberfeld
and Barmen, has carried an aver
age of 10,000,000 passengers an
nually, at speeds of more than 100
miles an hour, since it was built
45 years ago.
Hostess Apron Is in
Hearts and Flowers
745a
<' ITEARTS and Flowers” is the
“ gay theme of this adorable
apron for parties or pantry 1 Appli
que heart border; embroider gay
flowers!
WANTED TO BUY
WE HAVE BUYERS FOR GOOD FARM3
in Eastern Nebraska and western Iowa.
We have sold farms in this territory
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cription and price.
JOHN P. CLAASSEN COMPANY,
816 Electric Bldg. Omaha, Nebr.
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FARMS, RANCHES, and personal prop
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and the larger holdings our speciality.
If you have a farm or ranch you wish
to sell in 1946, get in touch with us
NOW—for the best results. NEBRASKA.
REALTY AUCTION CO., Central City.
Neb. M. A. Larson, Sales Managers
Phone 65.
-High EuERGmm
helps build
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THESE EXCLUSIVE
FEATURES
FROM WASHINGTON
Are Found in
UNDER THE DOME”
JL. Some kind of draft extension it
^ assured as a result of the interna
tional situation, reports Pathfinder's
weekly feature "Under the Dome."
^ Temporary, local food shortages are
going torropup, Agriculture officials
inform "Under the Dome" editors.
★
"Under the Dome" predicts a one
man filibuster will be staged against
the British loan.
.jl. These are just a few of the inside
^ reports which api»ear in "Under the
Dome," every week. "Under the
Dome" is the weekly newsletter
from Washington that keeps Path
finder readers better informed.
x, The current Pathfinder is now on
^ sale at your local newsdealer. Get
your copy today!
Pathfinder 5C
FAMILY • TOWN • NEWSWELKLY• NATION . WORLD
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