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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 2, 1945)
._—WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_ Fleets Rake Japan as Big Three Parley Points up Peace Talk; Senate Moves for Global Unity fry Western Newspaper Union. _____ (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expresses in these eslarans, they are these el Western Newspaper Union's news analysts anS nst necessarily si this newspaprr.) ( Frightened by Invasion of V. S. marines of Island off of Okinawa, Jap women are pat at ease by Lt. U. P. Barrand of Stamford, Conn. PACIFIC: Keep Goinp While the nation's capital buzzed with peace talk and Australian newspapers hinted of sensational de velopments, U. S. and British carrier planes continued to rake the Japa nese homeland and the Allied fleets kept up the bombardment of Nippon's sprawling coastline. Scorched by Allied fire, the Japs still refused to come out and fight. Propagandists were seeking to calm the populace with the assertion that the U. S and British attacks were designed to feel them out and they would strike at the proper time. Having joined with the fleet in rak ing shipping and transport facilities linking the coal-producing island of Hokkaido with Honshu, and pound ing factories on Honshu itself, car rier planes swept over Tokyo bay to shoot up combat vessels at anchor. Presumably remnants of the once proud Imperial fleet, the warships were covered by a heavy screen of anti-aircraft Are as U. S. and Brit ish airmen closed in. Peace talk was pointed up by per sistent rumors that Marshal Stalin might have brought Japanese peace terms to the Big Three meeting at President Truman (left) greets Prime Minister Cburehlll at Merlin. Berlin and the report that President Truman presented the conferees with American surrender conditions drawn up by the war, navy and state departments. Rumor that Russia's Big Boss might have borne Jap terms was ac centuated by a newspaper report from London that a high Soviet of ficial revealed that the Reds would transmit a definite surrender offer to the U. S. if it was forthcoming, and that Moscow would have to give the deepest consideration to entry into the Pacific war in view of the heavy losses suffered against Germany. Reportedly in the possession of Mr. Truman, the American surren der conditlons'supposedly include the relinquishment of all military equip ment; the disbandment of Jap forces; destruction of war indus try; supervision over enemy ship building, manufacture and port facilities, and punishment of war criminals. Rife In the U. S„ peace talk was equally lively in Australia, where 1 the Sydney Sun editorialized. "The end of the war may come with dra matic suddenness . . . Hirohito is still the god-emperor. By one stroke of a pen he could relieve Japan’s terrors and make peace There is every reason to believe that United States policy is preserving him for that part in the drama.” Meanwhile, U. S. military chief- j tains, sticking to the American max- ! lm that the game is never over until the last batter is out. discounted the peace talk and hewed to the big job ahead. SENATE: Global Pacts With public opinion strongly cast for co-operative effort to prevent fu ture warfare, international security and monetary agreements headed FARM NOTES... Though supplies of chicken and turkey will increase season ally from now until fall, demand is expected to remain unusually strong for the remainder of 1945. reflecting scarcity of meat, a high level of consumer pur chasing power, and large army procurement Prices received by farmers for chickens and ‘itr keys probably will be higher for the rest of 1945 than in tha corre . spending period of 1944. for comparatively quick passage in the senate. Overwhelmingly approved by the house, the Bretton Woods monetary agreements creating a bank of re construction and fund for stabilizing currencies passed the senate, with Taft (Rep., Ohio) leading a losing fight against the measures. Charging that high pressure tac tics have been employed to sell the agreements to the country, Taft sought to amend the $9,100,000,000 bank and $3,800,000,000 fund so as to assure the responsibility of bor rowers drawing upon American con tributions of $3,175,000,000 to the bank and $2,750,000,000 to the fund. While proponents of the Bretton Woods agreements declared that the bank was necessary to permit the economic development of foreign na tions, and the fund would permit countries to obtain currency at fair levels for international trade, oppo nents charged that there were no provisions in the plans compelling the members to stabilize their in ternal conditions to guarantee full redemption of their obligations. Concurrent with the agreements, the senate considered approval of the house - passed increase in the lending authority of the Export-Im port bank from $700,000,000 to $3, 500,000,000 to finance sales and pur chases abroad until the Bretton Woods pacts can be implemented. With only 1 of 22 members of the senate foreign relations committee in opposition, the United Nations secu rity charter was sent to the upper chamber for speedy passage. Al though not promising that the pact would prevent war, the committee declared it provided the basis for peaceful settlement of disputes. FOOD: Plain Talk Along with the war, food remained the major item of interest to Ameri cans, with Secretary of Agriculture Anderson warning of tight supplies into 1946 even while the Office of War Information prepared to launch an all-out propaganda drive to convince the U. S. of the necessity of tighten ing its belt to help feed impov erished Europe. Declaring that the present food shortage was the result of faulty planning last year, Anderson said prior to increased production in 1946 his office would seek to relieve present scarcities by stiffing black markets, improving distribution and holding army and foreign relief re quirements to minimum*. Except for milk, wheat, potatoes and fresh vegetables, most foods will remain in tight supply. Anderson said, with continued scarcities in meats, fats, oils, condensed and evaporated milk and canned fruits and vegetables. Rice and dry beans also will run short, he revealed. Meanwhile, the OWls mapped its propaganda campaign upon orders from the White House, followiag the report that the U. S. would have to provide most of the relief shipments to liberated Europe. In addition to pointing out the need for supplying the continent, the OWI also will is sue periodic statements on contribu tions being made by Great Britain, Russia. Canada and other nations. Pertinent to American relief ship ments abroad. Senator Wheeler (Dem., Mont.) told newspaper men that after having been promised adequate supplies by American au thorities. Europeans expect this countiy to stand by its word. "Al ready In Europe, people are saying that they were treated better be fore they were liberated,’’ Wheeler declared. Army Feeds Civilians Since the liberation of European countries began last year, the army has shipped more than 2.000,000 tons of foodstuffs, mainly wheat and flour, for “wake of battle’’ feed ing of civilians in liberated and oc cupied countries. Feeding of civilians in these areas by Allied troops is an obligation of the army insofar as this feeding may be necessary to prevent dis ease riot or unrest such as might prejudice military operations, or en danger the lives or health of G.l.s. : WAR PRODUCTION: Tapering Off Having already dropped to an an nual rate of 49.9 billion dollars in July from 60.7 billion in March, war production will be further slashed during the rest of the year, reflect ing decreased demands for a one front conflict. By December, production of air craft will be down to 800 million dol lars from the July figure of 1 bil lion; ships 500 million from 700 mil lion; guns and fire control 100 mil lion from 200 million; combat and motor vehicles 200 million from 300 million; communications and elec tronic equipment 200 million from 300 million, and other Items and sup plies 900 million from 1 billion. Of major munitions, only produc tion of ammunition will hold steady at 600 million dollars, with doubled output of rockets helping to offset reductions in other explosives. HARD WORKERS: More Meat In line with its policy of provid ing extra meat and other foods for persons engaged in hard physical la bor, OPA announced that miners would be granted additional meat rations starting in August. OPA action followed the walkout of 10.000 miners from Illinois pits, climaxing a series of strikes throughout the country. Leaving their jobs after their leaders de clared they "can’t dig coal on let tuce sandwiches,” the Illinois miners demanded an extra meat ra tion of 50 red points per month. Though 1,500 foundry workers in neighboring localities joined the j striking Illinois miners, OPA action did not include workers in other strenuous occupations in the liber alization of meat rations. RECONVERSION: Old Prices Working to head off runaway prices in the reconversion period be fore demand can more evenly bal ance with supply, OPA has drawn up an elaborate formula aimed at holding the cost of consumer goods to the 1942 level. Under the formula, manufacturers doing an annual business of $200,000 a year or more may add increased labor and material costs to their prices, but may apply only half the industry-wide profit margin of 1936 to 1939 so as to keep the overall gelling figure down. Producers in the lower brackets, however, may apply their own profit margins to their prices. To help speed reconversion, indi vidual manufacturers will be per mitted to work ouj their own prices and submit them to OPA for ap proval before the government can formulate general industry - wide costs. Wife Defends II Duce l.ong in the background, Donna Kachele Mussolini emerged briefly to holly challenge declarations that the late II Duce uas an irresponsible philnn derer strongly influ enced by a bevy of mistresses. Stating her husband uns closest to her when he tons down, and most distant when he was up, Donna llachele averred that “Mussolini never had | anything to do u<ith I any woman, dll that ■- propaganda mry pui Donna R.'h.l. »*“ /«*< *» ru,n him. I M naaolini was the only one he thought anything of anil 1 inm the only woman who thought something of him." Snappilv attired, with a silk kerchief embracing her hair-do, Donna Rachele bitterly defended her late husband, be lying the popular impression of her as a mere kitchen wench who had cared for his children. “They blame him for everything," she rasped. "The blame should be placed on other people, from Uadoglio to the king.” JOBLESS GRANTS: Seek Increase Seeking to cushion the nation for the full shock of reconversion, Sen ator Kilgore (Dem., W. Va ) Intro duced a comprehensive bill extend ing coverage of unemployment com pensation, boosting payments and fi nancing job relocations. Under Kilgore’s measure, federal, maritime and agricultural process ing workers would be included coverage of unemployment compen sation. and the benefits also would be extended to employees in firms of less than eight people At the same time, the federal gov ernment would contribute the differ ence to bring state unemployment compensation payments up to a maximum of $25 weekly for 26 weeks a year. Vets’ benefits would be increased to $25 for single per sons and $30 for those with depend ents for 52 weeks. Workers referred to jobs in other cities would be given travel allowances. HOTEL BOOM: Under the impetus of increased wartime traveling, America’s $5,000, 000,000 hotel industry is currently op erating at a profit for the first time in many years. Hotel guests have doubled in number since the incep tion of the war in Europe and total sales last year amounted to more than $1,500,000,000. an increase of approximately 50 per cent since 1929, the industry's best peacetime year. Room occupancy advanced from 63 in 1939 t» a record high of 93 per cent last year. wmsmsMsmmsi Radar Magical Beam That Bounces Back on Contact , Lightning Calculator Estimates Distances Upon Deflection of Electrons; Study Of Apparatus Still in Infancy. By BAUKHAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington. D. C. (In * previous article Mr. Baukhage told some of the little known facts in the history and development of radar and recorded many of its possible peace time uses. In this article he explains what makes radar tick and how it per formed some of its marvelous feats in this tvar.J “Impact,” a publication of the of fice of the assistant chief of air staff, intelligence branch, for the first time lifting the veil which has cov ered descriptions of radar, says suc cinctly: “A radar set is nothing more than a machine for sending electrons out into space in a steady stream in a desired direction. These electrons travel with the speed of light in a straight line until their energy is dissipated, or unless they bump into something." That bump is important. If a stream of electrons is shot into the air like a searchlight and a plane flies across the stream, the elec trons which hit the plane bounce back They bounce right back to a screen in the radar scope and are revealed in the form of a "blip’’ of light, just as an echo bounding back on your eardrum is reflected in the form of a sound. The principle of the real echo is used in "sonic" location of obsta cles—ships use it to locate shoals, for instance. And, recently, it has been demonstrated that bats use the same principle in avoiding ob stacles (which they can’t see since they are blind) by uttering a tiny “beep,” the pitch of which is prob ably too high for the human ear to catch. Their beep bounces back in time to warn them to duck. But radar’s electronic “blip” is better than a sonic “beep.” One reason is that an electron moves with the speed of light which is fast er than sound. ‘Echo’ Caught On Radar Receiver Perhaps at this point we ought to recall to your minds what an electron is. A short definition of an electron is ‘‘the most elementary charge of negative electricity.” Electrons plus protons (the positive charge) are what atoms are made of and atoms are what molecules are made of and you and I and the universe and all it contains are. as we learned in high school, nothing but various groups of molecules. Ordinarily electrons pursue the even, if rapid, tenor of their ways well within the bounds of their own atoms. But radar has changed all that. It has made it possible to project those electrons out into space and then, if they hit some thing and bbunce baok, to catch the “echo” on the “scope'’ of the radar set in the form of a "blip” or blob of light. We can't go into detail as to how this operation takes place, but we can tell you in a general way. The scope of the radar set is round. It is like a map. North at the top, south at the bottom; east to the right and west to the left. So that you will know where you are a little light appears on the screen just where your set is located on the “map” you are looking at. By mov ing the instrument, you can keep yourself in the middle. If you see another spot of light on the screen up where 12 o'clock would be on your watch dial, you know there is a plane (or other object) north of you. If it should be a plane and it were coming toward you (which the instrument would reveal) and it Anally appeared right on top of the light that showed your location, you'd know that there was going to be a collision Radar can “see” a ship 30 miles away—and see it in the dark, through a wall of cloud or mist, which no human sight could pene tate. Different substaryes give stronger or weaker "echoes" on your screen, water little or none Land more, built-up areas more than fields. Rocks more than softer surfaces. In addition to locating an object in relation to the observer (the loca tion of the radar set), the distance from the object can be calculated by the length of time it takes for the electrons to reach the object and bounce back. The elevation (angle of height from observer) and the deflection (how far to the right or left) are calculated just as a sur veyor makes these calculations by observation from two known points. And you don't have to be an en gineer to do it either—it is done automatically by a lightning calcu lator. I have stood in awe before these calculating machines, which can "think” more accurately and a thousand times faster than I could figure, and watched how they direct the aim of the turret, waist and tail guns on a B-29. As I said in last week's article, the enemy has radar, too. The Ger mans were working on it with in vestigation and experiment which paralleled ours and those of the Brit ish. In the early days of the war the Germans had receiving sets on high hills along the coast of France. The electron beam, like that of tele vision, moves in a straight line and since the surface of the earth is curved, this curve gets in the way if the image and receiving set are too far apart. Therefore, land sets are placed as high in the air as possible. We knew that the Germans had some kind of an electronic device and they knew we had one. One of the early commando raids, which the papers said was successful in destroying a German "radio sta tion," really destroyed the radar in stallation. Poke Out Japs' •Eyes' One of the reasons why Iwo Jima and Okinawa were so important, be sides the fact that they make ex cellent naval and air bases, is be cause the Japs had their radar de tection stations on these islands and were able to detect the presence of our bombers and intercept their flight. You will also recall that a number of Uttle adjacent islands that hardly seemed of any impor tance were seized by our troops. In all probability it was because they had radar installations which could detect and give warning of planes leaving the larger island for Japan As we put out her "eyes” one after another, Japan becomes more impotent. There have been many cases, you may have noticed, where the Japs, on land or on small ships, have been taken by surprise. I have no information on this sub ject. but in some cases it may have been due to the fact that they lacked radar equipment. It is be lieved that what radar knowledge Japan has came from the Germans Of course, there )s one phase of radar detection which in the past has sometimes prevented use of data concerning the detection of a plane or ship. That is the fact that until the object is very close it can not be identified. It is merely a “blip” of light. Therefore, it is im possible to tell friend and enemy apart. Some sort of identification has been developed, details of which are still, I believe, “top secret.” An example of how this worked to the disadvantage of the British was in the engagement in which HMS Hood was lost. On May 21, 1941, the Hood was lying in the strait be tween Iceland and Greenland when suddenly out of nowhere she was hit by a salvo from the 15-inch guns of the powerful Bismarck. The Bismarck had accurately located the Hood with radar equipment; the first reported successful use of redar in such a naval operation in the war. It is said that the Hood had likewise detected the presence of a ship at the spot where the Bis marck was, but knowing that a number of friendly warships were in the vicinity, did not dare to take the chance of attacking first. Many improvements have been made in radar which are not as yet ready for the public eye and all say the study is only in its infancy. Scientific achievement seems limit less and the one virtue of war is that it spurs inventive genius to great strides of progress. When peace comes radar will i likewise open new vistas of which the layman hardly dreams. • • • Harry Truman didn't want to be vice president. James Byrnes didn't ask to be made secretary of state. Neither wanted to mix into inter national affairs-—but they found themselves on the same boat en route to Germany. BRIEFS... by Baukhage Japs are making kitchen knives from American incendiary bomb cases They ought to be ready to set up housekeeping soon since we have begun throwing everything at them but the kitchen stove. • • • One of Hitler's favorite tunes was ••Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf.” That was before he got a bear by the UU An American flier back from a Jap prison camp says the Japs, real izing they are beaten, are treating our prisoners better. Nothing like a good licking to bring out one's virtues. • • • The new DDT insecticide perfect ed by the army kills everything but human beings. Another secret weapon against Japan. New Development in Poultry Buildings Asbestos and Mineral Wool Used Effectively Something new and modem in poultry house construction can be found on the Tenderex farms at Middletown. Ky. The farm was planned with the co-operation of the Stoker Poultry company. The decision to build durable buildings having long life View on Tenderer farm. with low maintenance, led to ex haustive and careful study and ex perimentation. The results found are of interest to farmers generally. Using Gothic-type house, prefabri cated arch construction, with the framing for the roof and wall com bined in one unit, not only was a saving made in ofiginal costs, but considerable saving was effected in future heating costs. The 33 houses on the Tenderex farms are all 24 by 30 feet, with the continuous arches anchored to a concrete foundation. Sheathing is of tongue and groove covered with thick butt asphalt shingles. These type shingles are easily moulded to the contour of any roof. Their gray tone offers harmonious contrast with the red hollow tile used in the end walls. Mineral wool was selected to insu late the interior wall, which is lined with asbestos board. To eliminate dampness, the floor consists of cinder fill and four inches of hollow tile, topped with 2Vi inches of concrete. An important factor in selecting asphalt shingles, concrete, hollow tile, mineral wool and asbestos board was the fire-resistant construction these materials provide. Postwar Machinery Pickup Baler This is an automatic self-feeding, self-tying baler with bale separation making it a one man operation job. Neatly formed and firm bales of sliced hay weighing 40 to 65 pounds can be turned out at the rate of three to five bales per minute. It is designed primarily for wind row pickup baling. The construction saves leaves and assures that all the bay is carried into the bale cham ber. It is a McCormick-Deering postwar improvement. Danger! Sheep Scab May Be on Way Back Will sheep scab stage another comeback—once more causing mil lions of dollars in losses, as it did a few years ago? Dr. Floyd Cross of the American Veterinary Medical association and government authorities report such a possibility. "The condition is present to an alarming extent in the Midwest,” Dr. Cross reports. If sheep show loss of wool, forma tion of scabs on the skin, or a ten dency to rub against fences and pens, the condition should be called to the attention of a veterinarian. Through greatly diminished wool production, loss in body weight, gen eral unthriftiness and death, scabies play their toll. The scab is caused by a small mite, barely visible to the unaided eye, but can be brought under ef fective control. The only effective treatment is the external application of some medic tnai agent that will kill ihe scab mites. This can be best accom plished by dipping, followed by isola tion. The dips recommended by the USDA are made from lime-sulfur or nicotine. Fumigation Practices Carbon disulphide is the most common fumigant used on the farm. It is a liquid that quickly evaporates into a heavier-than-air gas. Opera tors should avoid inhaling the va pors or spilling the liquid on cloth ing. Extreme caution must be taken against fire. Do not fumigate when the temper ature is below 60 degrees. It is best to start late in the afternoon when the air is calm. It will take 24 bo urs. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT j < • Persons now sngaged in essential industry will not apply without state , ment ot availability irom their local United States Employment Service. I HELP WANTED—MEN _ WANTED—Radio service and repair man. Have an attractive proposition lor an am bitious radio repair man. NORFOLK AP PLIANCE CO.. General Electric Dealers, 308 Braasch ATI., Norfolk, Nebr., Ph. 1178. FARMS AND RANCHES _ 180 ACRES FOR 8ALE: Improvements fair to good. Running water. About three quarters mile from Dannebrog. Nebr It interested, write PROTECTIVE FIRK i INSURANCE COMPANY., Seward Nebr. 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