._—WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_
Fleets Rake Japan as Big Three
Parley Points up Peace Talk;
Senate Moves for Global Unity
fry Western Newspaper Union. _____
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expresses in these eslarans, they are these el
Western Newspaper Union's news analysts anS nst necessarily si this newspaprr.)
(
Frightened by Invasion of V. S. marines of Island off of Okinawa, Jap
women are pat at ease by Lt. U. P. Barrand of Stamford, Conn.
PACIFIC:
Keep Goinp
While the nation's capital buzzed
with peace talk and Australian
newspapers hinted of sensational de
velopments, U. S. and British carrier
planes continued to rake the Japa
nese homeland and the Allied
fleets kept up the bombardment of
Nippon's sprawling coastline.
Scorched by Allied fire, the Japs
still refused to come out and fight.
Propagandists were seeking to calm
the populace with the assertion that
the U. S and British attacks were
designed to feel them out and they
would strike at the proper time.
Having joined with the fleet in rak
ing shipping and transport facilities
linking the coal-producing island of
Hokkaido with Honshu, and pound
ing factories on Honshu itself, car
rier planes swept over Tokyo bay to
shoot up combat vessels at anchor.
Presumably remnants of the once
proud Imperial fleet, the warships
were covered by a heavy screen of
anti-aircraft Are as U. S. and Brit
ish airmen closed in.
Peace talk was pointed up by per
sistent rumors that Marshal Stalin
might have brought Japanese peace
terms to the Big Three meeting at
President Truman (left) greets Prime
Minister Cburehlll at Merlin.
Berlin and the report that President
Truman presented the conferees
with American surrender conditions
drawn up by the war, navy and state
departments.
Rumor that Russia's Big Boss
might have borne Jap terms was ac
centuated by a newspaper report
from London that a high Soviet of
ficial revealed that the Reds would
transmit a definite surrender offer
to the U. S. if it was forthcoming,
and that Moscow would have to
give the deepest consideration to
entry into the Pacific war in view of
the heavy losses suffered against
Germany.
Reportedly in the possession of
Mr. Truman, the American surren
der conditlons'supposedly include the
relinquishment of all military equip
ment; the disbandment of Jap
forces; destruction of war indus
try; supervision over enemy ship
building, manufacture and port
facilities, and punishment of war
criminals.
Rife In the U. S„ peace talk was
equally lively in Australia, where 1
the Sydney Sun editorialized. "The
end of the war may come with dra
matic suddenness . . . Hirohito is
still the god-emperor. By one stroke
of a pen he could relieve Japan’s
terrors and make peace There is
every reason to believe that United
States policy is preserving him for
that part in the drama.”
Meanwhile, U. S. military chief- j
tains, sticking to the American max- !
lm that the game is never over until
the last batter is out. discounted the
peace talk and hewed to the big job
ahead.
SENATE:
Global Pacts
With public opinion strongly cast
for co-operative effort to prevent fu
ture warfare, international security
and monetary agreements headed
FARM NOTES...
Though supplies of chicken
and turkey will increase season
ally from now until fall, demand
is expected to remain unusually
strong for the remainder of
1945. reflecting scarcity of meat,
a high level of consumer pur
chasing power, and large army
procurement Prices received
by farmers for chickens and ‘itr
keys probably will be higher for
the rest of 1945 than in tha corre
. spending period of 1944.
for comparatively quick passage in
the senate.
Overwhelmingly approved by the
house, the Bretton Woods monetary
agreements creating a bank of re
construction and fund for stabilizing
currencies passed the senate, with
Taft (Rep., Ohio) leading a losing
fight against the measures.
Charging that high pressure tac
tics have been employed to sell the
agreements to the country, Taft
sought to amend the $9,100,000,000
bank and $3,800,000,000 fund so as
to assure the responsibility of bor
rowers drawing upon American con
tributions of $3,175,000,000 to the
bank and $2,750,000,000 to the fund.
While proponents of the Bretton
Woods agreements declared that the
bank was necessary to permit the
economic development of foreign na
tions, and the fund would permit
countries to obtain currency at fair
levels for international trade, oppo
nents charged that there were no
provisions in the plans compelling
the members to stabilize their in
ternal conditions to guarantee full
redemption of their obligations.
Concurrent with the agreements,
the senate considered approval of
the house - passed increase in the
lending authority of the Export-Im
port bank from $700,000,000 to $3,
500,000,000 to finance sales and pur
chases abroad until the Bretton
Woods pacts can be implemented.
With only 1 of 22 members of the
senate foreign relations committee in
opposition, the United Nations secu
rity charter was sent to the upper
chamber for speedy passage. Al
though not promising that the pact
would prevent war, the committee
declared it provided the basis for
peaceful settlement of disputes.
FOOD:
Plain Talk
Along with the war, food remained
the major item of interest to Ameri
cans, with Secretary of Agriculture
Anderson warning of tight supplies
into 1946 even while the Office of War
Information prepared to launch an
all-out propaganda drive to convince
the U. S. of the necessity of tighten
ing its belt to help feed impov
erished Europe.
Declaring that the present food
shortage was the result of faulty
planning last year, Anderson said
prior to increased production in 1946
his office would seek to relieve
present scarcities by stiffing black
markets, improving distribution and
holding army and foreign relief re
quirements to minimum*.
Except for milk, wheat, potatoes
and fresh vegetables, most foods will
remain in tight supply. Anderson
said, with continued scarcities in
meats, fats, oils, condensed and
evaporated milk and canned fruits
and vegetables. Rice and dry beans
also will run short, he revealed.
Meanwhile, the OWls mapped its
propaganda campaign upon orders
from the White House, followiag the
report that the U. S. would have to
provide most of the relief shipments
to liberated Europe. In addition to
pointing out the need for supplying
the continent, the OWI also will is
sue periodic statements on contribu
tions being made by Great Britain,
Russia. Canada and other nations.
Pertinent to American relief ship
ments abroad. Senator Wheeler
(Dem., Mont.) told newspaper men
that after having been promised
adequate supplies by American au
thorities. Europeans expect this
countiy to stand by its word. "Al
ready In Europe, people are saying
that they were treated better be
fore they were liberated,’’ Wheeler
declared.
Army Feeds Civilians
Since the liberation of European
countries began last year, the army
has shipped more than 2.000,000
tons of foodstuffs, mainly wheat
and flour, for “wake of battle’’ feed
ing of civilians in liberated and oc
cupied countries.
Feeding of civilians in these areas
by Allied troops is an obligation of
the army insofar as this feeding
may be necessary to prevent dis
ease riot or unrest such as might
prejudice military operations, or en
danger the lives or health of G.l.s.
: WAR PRODUCTION:
Tapering Off
Having already dropped to an an
nual rate of 49.9 billion dollars in
July from 60.7 billion in March, war
production will be further slashed
during the rest of the year, reflect
ing decreased demands for a one
front conflict.
By December, production of air
craft will be down to 800 million dol
lars from the July figure of 1 bil
lion; ships 500 million from 700 mil
lion; guns and fire control 100 mil
lion from 200 million; combat and
motor vehicles 200 million from 300
million; communications and elec
tronic equipment 200 million from
300 million, and other Items and sup
plies 900 million from 1 billion.
Of major munitions, only produc
tion of ammunition will hold steady
at 600 million dollars, with doubled
output of rockets helping to offset
reductions in other explosives.
HARD WORKERS:
More Meat
In line with its policy of provid
ing extra meat and other foods for
persons engaged in hard physical la
bor, OPA announced that miners
would be granted additional meat
rations starting in August.
OPA action followed the walkout
of 10.000 miners from Illinois pits,
climaxing a series of strikes
throughout the country. Leaving
their jobs after their leaders de
clared they "can’t dig coal on let
tuce sandwiches,” the Illinois
miners demanded an extra meat ra
tion of 50 red points per month.
Though 1,500 foundry workers in
neighboring localities joined the j
striking Illinois miners, OPA action
did not include workers in other
strenuous occupations in the liber
alization of meat rations.
RECONVERSION:
Old Prices
Working to head off runaway
prices in the reconversion period be
fore demand can more evenly bal
ance with supply, OPA has drawn
up an elaborate formula aimed at
holding the cost of consumer goods
to the 1942 level.
Under the formula, manufacturers
doing an annual business of $200,000
a year or more may add increased
labor and material costs to their
prices, but may apply only half the
industry-wide profit margin of 1936
to 1939 so as to keep the overall
gelling figure down. Producers in
the lower brackets, however, may
apply their own profit margins to
their prices.
To help speed reconversion, indi
vidual manufacturers will be per
mitted to work ouj their own prices
and submit them to OPA for ap
proval before the government can
formulate general industry - wide
costs.
Wife Defends II Duce
l.ong in the background, Donna
Kachele Mussolini emerged briefly to
holly challenge declarations that the
late II Duce uas an irresponsible philnn
derer strongly influ
enced by a bevy of
mistresses.
Stating her husband
uns closest to her
when he tons down,
and most distant when
he was up, Donna
llachele averred that
“Mussolini never had
| anything to do u<ith
I any woman, dll that
■- propaganda mry pui
Donna R.'h.l. »*“ /«*< *» ru,n him. I
M naaolini was the only one he
thought anything of
anil 1 inm the only woman who thought
something of him."
Snappilv attired, with a silk kerchief
embracing her hair-do, Donna Rachele
bitterly defended her late husband, be
lying the popular impression of her as
a mere kitchen wench who had cared
for his children. “They blame him for
everything," she rasped. "The blame
should be placed on other people, from
Uadoglio to the king.”
JOBLESS GRANTS:
Seek Increase
Seeking to cushion the nation for
the full shock of reconversion, Sen
ator Kilgore (Dem., W. Va ) Intro
duced a comprehensive bill extend
ing coverage of unemployment com
pensation, boosting payments and fi
nancing job relocations.
Under Kilgore’s measure, federal,
maritime and agricultural process
ing workers would be included
coverage of unemployment compen
sation. and the benefits also would
be extended to employees in firms
of less than eight people
At the same time, the federal gov
ernment would contribute the differ
ence to bring state unemployment
compensation payments up to a
maximum of $25 weekly for 26
weeks a year. Vets’ benefits would
be increased to $25 for single per
sons and $30 for those with depend
ents for 52 weeks. Workers referred
to jobs in other cities would be given
travel allowances.
HOTEL BOOM:
Under the impetus of increased
wartime traveling, America’s $5,000,
000,000 hotel industry is currently op
erating at a profit for the first time
in many years. Hotel guests have
doubled in number since the incep
tion of the war in Europe and total
sales last year amounted to more
than $1,500,000,000. an increase of
approximately 50 per cent since 1929,
the industry's best peacetime year.
Room occupancy advanced from 63
in 1939 t» a record high of 93 per
cent last year.
wmsmsMsmmsi
Radar Magical Beam That
Bounces Back on Contact
,
Lightning Calculator Estimates Distances
Upon Deflection of Electrons; Study
Of Apparatus Still in Infancy.
By BAUKHAGE
Newt Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington. D. C.
(In * previous article Mr. Baukhage
told some of the little known facts in
the history and development of radar
and recorded many of its possible peace
time uses. In this article he explains
what makes radar tick and how it per
formed some of its marvelous feats in
this tvar.J
“Impact,” a publication of the of
fice of the assistant chief of air staff,
intelligence branch, for the first
time lifting the veil which has cov
ered descriptions of radar, says suc
cinctly: “A radar set is nothing
more than a machine for sending
electrons out into space in a steady
stream in a desired direction. These
electrons travel with the speed of
light in a straight line until their
energy is dissipated, or unless they
bump into something."
That bump is important. If a
stream of electrons is shot into the
air like a searchlight and a plane
flies across the stream, the elec
trons which hit the plane bounce
back They bounce right back to a
screen in the radar scope and are
revealed in the form of a "blip’’
of light, just as an echo bounding
back on your eardrum is reflected
in the form of a sound.
The principle of the real echo is
used in "sonic" location of obsta
cles—ships use it to locate shoals,
for instance. And, recently, it has
been demonstrated that bats use
the same principle in avoiding ob
stacles (which they can’t see since
they are blind) by uttering a tiny
“beep,” the pitch of which is prob
ably too high for the human ear to
catch. Their beep bounces back in
time to warn them to duck.
But radar’s electronic “blip” is
better than a sonic “beep.” One
reason is that an electron moves
with the speed of light which is fast
er than sound.
‘Echo’ Caught
On Radar Receiver
Perhaps at this point we ought to
recall to your minds what an
electron is. A short definition of an
electron is ‘‘the most elementary
charge of negative electricity.”
Electrons plus protons (the positive
charge) are what atoms are made
of and atoms are what molecules
are made of and you and I and the
universe and all it contains are. as
we learned in high school, nothing
but various groups of molecules.
Ordinarily electrons pursue the
even, if rapid, tenor of their ways
well within the bounds of their own
atoms. But radar has changed all
that. It has made it possible to
project those electrons out into
space and then, if they hit some
thing and bbunce baok, to catch the
“echo” on the “scope'’ of the radar
set in the form of a "blip” or blob
of light.
We can't go into detail as to how
this operation takes place, but we
can tell you in a general way. The
scope of the radar set is round. It
is like a map. North at the top,
south at the bottom; east to the right
and west to the left. So that you
will know where you are a little
light appears on the screen just
where your set is located on the
“map” you are looking at. By mov
ing the instrument, you can keep
yourself in the middle. If you see
another spot of light on the screen
up where 12 o'clock would be on
your watch dial, you know there is
a plane (or other object) north of
you. If it should be a plane and it
were coming toward you (which the
instrument would reveal) and it
Anally appeared right on top of the
light that showed your location,
you'd know that there was going to
be a collision
Radar can “see” a ship 30 miles
away—and see it in the dark,
through a wall of cloud or mist,
which no human sight could pene
tate.
Different substaryes give stronger
or weaker "echoes" on your screen,
water little or none Land more,
built-up areas more than fields.
Rocks more than softer surfaces.
In addition to locating an object
in relation to the observer (the loca
tion of the radar set), the distance
from the object can be calculated
by the length of time it takes for
the electrons to reach the object and
bounce back. The elevation (angle
of height from observer) and the
deflection (how far to the right or
left) are calculated just as a sur
veyor makes these calculations by
observation from two known points.
And you don't have to be an en
gineer to do it either—it is done
automatically by a lightning calcu
lator.
I have stood in awe before these
calculating machines, which can
"think” more accurately and a
thousand times faster than I could
figure, and watched how they direct
the aim of the turret, waist and tail
guns on a B-29.
As I said in last week's article,
the enemy has radar, too. The Ger
mans were working on it with in
vestigation and experiment which
paralleled ours and those of the Brit
ish. In the early days of the war
the Germans had receiving sets on
high hills along the coast of France.
The electron beam, like that of tele
vision, moves in a straight line and
since the surface of the earth is
curved, this curve gets in the way
if the image and receiving set are
too far apart. Therefore, land sets
are placed as high in the air as
possible.
We knew that the Germans had
some kind of an electronic device
and they knew we had one. One of
the early commando raids, which
the papers said was successful in
destroying a German "radio sta
tion," really destroyed the radar in
stallation.
Poke Out
Japs' •Eyes'
One of the reasons why Iwo Jima
and Okinawa were so important, be
sides the fact that they make ex
cellent naval and air bases, is be
cause the Japs had their radar de
tection stations on these islands and
were able to detect the presence of
our bombers and intercept their
flight. You will also recall that a
number of Uttle adjacent islands
that hardly seemed of any impor
tance were seized by our troops.
In all probability it was because
they had radar installations which
could detect and give warning of
planes leaving the larger island for
Japan As we put out her "eyes”
one after another, Japan becomes
more impotent. There have been
many cases, you may have noticed,
where the Japs, on land or on small
ships, have been taken by surprise.
I have no information on this sub
ject. but in some cases it may have
been due to the fact that they
lacked radar equipment. It is be
lieved that what radar knowledge
Japan has came from the Germans
Of course, there )s one phase of
radar detection which in the past
has sometimes prevented use of
data concerning the detection of a
plane or ship. That is the fact that
until the object is very close it can
not be identified. It is merely a
“blip” of light. Therefore, it is im
possible to tell friend and enemy
apart. Some sort of identification
has been developed, details of which
are still, I believe, “top secret.”
An example of how this worked to
the disadvantage of the British was
in the engagement in which HMS
Hood was lost. On May 21, 1941,
the Hood was lying in the strait be
tween Iceland and Greenland when
suddenly out of nowhere she was
hit by a salvo from the 15-inch
guns of the powerful Bismarck. The
Bismarck had accurately located
the Hood with radar equipment;
the first reported successful use of
redar in such a naval operation in
the war. It is said that the Hood
had likewise detected the presence
of a ship at the spot where the Bis
marck was, but knowing that a
number of friendly warships were
in the vicinity, did not dare to take
the chance of attacking first.
Many improvements have been
made in radar which are not as yet
ready for the public eye and all
say the study is only in its infancy.
Scientific achievement seems limit
less and the one virtue of war is
that it spurs inventive genius to
great strides of progress.
When peace comes radar will i
likewise open new vistas of which
the layman hardly dreams.
• • •
Harry Truman didn't want to be
vice president. James Byrnes didn't
ask to be made secretary of state.
Neither wanted to mix into inter
national affairs-—but they found
themselves on the same boat en
route to Germany.
BRIEFS... by Baukhage
Japs are making kitchen knives
from American incendiary bomb
cases They ought to be ready to set
up housekeeping soon since we have
begun throwing everything at them
but the kitchen stove.
• • •
One of Hitler's favorite tunes was
••Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf.”
That was before he got a bear by
the UU
An American flier back from a
Jap prison camp says the Japs, real
izing they are beaten, are treating
our prisoners better. Nothing like
a good licking to bring out one's
virtues.
• • •
The new DDT insecticide perfect
ed by the army kills everything but
human beings. Another secret
weapon against Japan.
New Development in
Poultry Buildings
Asbestos and Mineral
Wool Used Effectively
Something new and modem in
poultry house construction can be
found on the Tenderex farms at
Middletown. Ky.
The farm was planned with the
co-operation of the Stoker Poultry
company. The decision to build
durable buildings having long life
View on Tenderer farm.
with low maintenance, led to ex
haustive and careful study and ex
perimentation. The results found
are of interest to farmers generally.
Using Gothic-type house, prefabri
cated arch construction, with the
framing for the roof and wall com
bined in one unit, not only was a
saving made in ofiginal costs, but
considerable saving was effected in
future heating costs.
The 33 houses on the Tenderex
farms are all 24 by 30 feet, with the
continuous arches anchored to a
concrete foundation. Sheathing is of
tongue and groove covered with
thick butt asphalt shingles. These
type shingles are easily moulded to
the contour of any roof. Their gray
tone offers harmonious contrast with
the red hollow tile used in the end
walls.
Mineral wool was selected to insu
late the interior wall, which is lined
with asbestos board.
To eliminate dampness, the floor
consists of cinder fill and four
inches of hollow tile, topped with 2Vi
inches of concrete.
An important factor in selecting
asphalt shingles, concrete, hollow
tile, mineral wool and asbestos board
was the fire-resistant construction
these materials provide.
Postwar Machinery
Pickup Baler
This is an automatic self-feeding,
self-tying baler with bale separation
making it a one man operation job.
Neatly formed and firm bales of
sliced hay weighing 40 to 65 pounds
can be turned out at the rate of
three to five bales per minute.
It is designed primarily for wind
row pickup baling. The construction
saves leaves and assures that all the
bay is carried into the bale cham
ber. It is a McCormick-Deering
postwar improvement.
Danger! Sheep Scab
May Be on Way Back
Will sheep scab stage another
comeback—once more causing mil
lions of dollars in losses, as it did
a few years ago?
Dr. Floyd Cross of the American
Veterinary Medical association and
government authorities report such
a possibility. "The condition is
present to an alarming extent in the
Midwest,” Dr. Cross reports.
If sheep show loss of wool, forma
tion of scabs on the skin, or a ten
dency to rub against fences and
pens, the condition should be called
to the attention of a veterinarian.
Through greatly diminished wool
production, loss in body weight, gen
eral unthriftiness and death, scabies
play their toll.
The scab is caused by a small
mite, barely visible to the unaided
eye, but can be brought under ef
fective control.
The only effective treatment is the
external application of some medic
tnai agent that will kill ihe scab
mites. This can be best accom
plished by dipping, followed by isola
tion. The dips recommended by the
USDA are made from lime-sulfur or
nicotine.
Fumigation Practices
Carbon disulphide is the most
common fumigant used on the farm.
It is a liquid that quickly evaporates
into a heavier-than-air gas. Opera
tors should avoid inhaling the va
pors or spilling the liquid on cloth
ing. Extreme caution must be taken
against fire.
Do not fumigate when the temper
ature is below 60 degrees. It is best
to start late in the afternoon when
the air is calm. It will take 24
bo urs.
CLASSIFIED
DEPARTMENT
j <
• Persons now sngaged in essential
industry will not apply without state ,
ment ot availability irom their local
United States Employment Service. I
HELP WANTED—MEN _
WANTED—Radio service and repair man.
Have an attractive proposition lor an am
bitious radio repair man. NORFOLK AP
PLIANCE CO.. General Electric Dealers,
308 Braasch ATI., Norfolk, Nebr., Ph. 1178.
FARMS AND RANCHES _
180 ACRES FOR 8ALE: Improvements
fair to good. Running water. About three
quarters mile from Dannebrog. Nebr It
interested, write PROTECTIVE FIRK
i INSURANCE COMPANY., Seward Nebr.
FARMS, RANCHES FOR SALS
FARMS, RANCHES, and personal prop
erty turned quickly into cash. Successful
■oiling service since 1912. Eetatee an4
larger holdings our specialty. It you wiWi
to eell .write uh without delay. NebrastaD
Realty Auction Company, Central City,
Nebr. M. A. Larson, Sales Manager_
~FARMS FOR SALE
KASTKKN AM) CENTRAL NEBRASKA
FARM FOR SALE
Euy terms if desired. GIts
farm and preferred location with first
inquiry. Tlie Union Central I-l#s lnsur
ance Company. Grand Island, NebrasK^
Preserve Our Liberty
Buy U. S. War Bonds
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
1
SORETONE in impartial,
scientific test.
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A CHARM \
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CAfCHIl TUI 0l»M At Wilt At fMl 11 r
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in larger sues. Always get Mtxnuna.
_
[ Here's a SENSIBLE way 4
* to relieve MONTHLY I
VFEMALE PAfNI
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WNU-U_ 30—45
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