-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Allied Columns Thrust Toward
Industrial Belt in Rhineland;
U. S. Carries War to Philippines
- Released by Western Newspaper Union --
(EDITOR S NOTE: When epiniena are espreesed In these eslemns. they are those ef
Western Newspaper U men's news analysts and not neeesssrllr ef this newspaper.I
Belgian pedestrians aland by aa U. 8. medical corps men dress
wounds of German soldiers caught In withering machine gun fire.
EUROPE:
Sight Rhineland
Quickly catching their breath aft
er their drive acrosa France and
Belgium, the valiant U. S. Firat and
Third armiea renewed their oflfen
alve against a reorganized enemy
In a aupreme effort to knock the
Germans out of the war this year.
While the Nazis regrouped behind
their vaunted Siegfried line, or west
wall. Lieut. Gen. Courtney Hodges’
First army and Lieut. Gen. George
Patton’s Third rolled forward again,
with the former's strong armored
forces thrusting against the fortress
city of Aachen, gateway to the rich
industrial Rhine valley to the north
east, with its great manufacturing
centers of Cologne, Dusseldorf,
Duisberg and Essen.
As General Hodges’ troops gath
ered strength for their smash into
the Rhineland, General Patton’s
men worked their way beyond the
bitterly defended Moselle river
against the rich Saar coal and manu
facturing country, which curves off
sharply to the east with the wind
ing German border.
To the south of General Patton's
Third army, Lieut. Gen. Alexander
Patch's Seventh drew up its ranks
before the historic Belfort Gap. great
open plain lying between the Vos
ges mountains and the Swiss bor
der and leading into southern Ger
many. As the Seventh army with
its complement of French troops
smashed at the enemy here, it en
countered stiffening resistance and
heavy artillery fire from the hills
beyond.
As the U. S. First, Third and Sev
enth armies smashed against Ger
many's western frontier in a quick
move to end the war, British troops
worked their way slowly against bit
ter opposition through southeastern
Holland, where the enemy contest
ed their advance in strength in an
effort to protect the far northern
flank of their Siegfried line, report
edly Its weakest link.
Do or Die
As the reinforced U. S. Fifth and
British Eighth armies threw their
full strength at Germany's Gothic
line in northern Italy, guarding the
rich agricultural and Industrial val
ley of the Po, Nazi Field Marshal
Albert Kesselring went all out in an
effort to hold his ground.
With his 19 divisions of roughly
250,000 men outnumbered by the
Allied forces, Kesselring was plac
ing his chief reliance on the moun
tainous terrain, and other impro-*
vised obstacles dotting the rugged
countryside, such as tank traps and
buried tank gun nests, etc.
U. S. officers looked to "tough
fighting" ahead.
Utilize Manpower
With manpower always Russia’s
strategic military trump, the Reds
were making full use of it on the
eastern front, where four major ac
tions were in progress against the
Germans' shortened, but strained,
defense lines.
In the north, the Reds were grind
ing their way forward against the
enemy’s stiff East Prussian lines,
and attacking heavily around War
saw with armored columns that
were drawing a steady stream of
Germans into the fight.
To the south, strong Russian
forces held up about 100 miles from
Germany proper, switched their at
tack to the mountain passes lead
ing into Czechoslovakia, while
deeper in the Balkans, the Reds
were pressing on Hungary’s Tran
sylvanian wheat fields.
MISCELLANY
EMPLOYMENT: Of the 53,170,000
persons employed in the U. S., 18,
440,000 are women, the bureau of
census reported. Although 3,000.000
women were added to payrolls dur
ing the 12-month period ending in
August, 1943, there was no appreci
able increase in the following year.
As a whole, the civilian labor force
decreased 1.000,000 from July to
August, 1944.
CROPS:
Hufte Harvest
With August rains checking the
serious deterioration of the crop in
the drought area east of the Missis
sippi, the U. S. department of agri
culture predicted a bumper corn
harvest of 3,101,319,000 bushels for
1944, second largest on record.
With the wheat crop set at an all
time high of 1,115,402,000 bushels,
oats production at 1,190,540,000, bar
ley at 290,036,000, soybeans at 179,
024,000 and sorghums at 149,962,000,
a total grain harvest of over 6,000,
000,000 bushels was predicted.
Because of the bumper crops and
reduced feeding, the live stock and
poultry Industry should find suffi
cient grain available throughout the
coming months, the USDA declared.
Markets Dip
WUh the USDA reporting excellent
crop prospects, prices on leading
grain markets dipped, with only
wheat bearing up under purchases of
the Commodity Credit corporation
and information that the agency was
interested in deferred shipments.
PACIFIC:
Homecominn
Two and • one-half years after
the Japanese over-ran the Philip
Adm. Nimlti
pines, U. S. naval
forces under Ad
miral Chester
Nimitz’s com
mand have
come back to
subject enemy
installations on
the islands to
withering aerial
and artillery
fire.
At the same
time, marine and
army assault
forces under Ad
miral Nimitz s command swept
ashore on the Patau islands, 600
miles east of the Philippines, while
units under Gen. Douglas MacAr
thur's leadership invaded the Mo
luccas, 300 miles south of the Phil
ippines, thus establishing a menac
ing steel ring around the islands.
Presaging major operations
against the Philippines guarding the
enemy’s vital supply lines from the
Indies to the west, U. S. naval air
craft swept over the southern string
of islands, lashing at enemy planes
which had been carefully husbanded
to resist U. S. advances. Big bat
tleships, riding with smaller cruis
ers and destroyers, raked enemy
shipping, using water routes to sup
ply the disconnected jumble of is
lands.
PETROLEUM:
Draw on Stocks
With military requirements ap
proximating 800,000 barrels daily out
of total production of 2,000,000. there
is little possibility of an easing in
gas rationing until after the end of
the European war, the Ofllce of War
Information declared.
The tightness in the gasoline situ
ation exists even though the output
of crude oil for petroleum produc
tion has averaged an all-time high
of 4,470,000 barrels daily, natural
gas output has approximated 269,000
barrels daily, and imports are above
the 1941 level.
With demand outrunning supply,
the industry has been compelled to
dip into reserve stocks at a rate of
2.500,000 barrels of crude monthly.
OWI said, bringing holdings to the
lowest level since 1922.
Hidden Resources
Although present U. S. oil reserves
are estimated at 20 billion barrels,
our known oil in the ground actually
is nearer 100 billion barrels, much
of which could be recovered by
some new method or if higher prices
were established, this is the opinion
of experts.
No nation has been completely ex
plored for all of its oil possibilities,
and in countries of greater area, only
a small fraction of existing resources
have been tapped, the experts add
ed.
AIR TRAVEL:
Postwar Preparation
Taking full advantage of the war
time stimulus given aviation both
in the development of equipment
and transportation service, three
major airlines planning for postwar
traffic placed orders for 93 super sky
ships with the Douglas Aircraft com
pany at a cost of more than $50,
000,000.
In Ailing the orders, Douglas will
furnish DC-4 ships carrying 44 pas
sengers and cargo with a speed of
four miles a minute, and DC-6s
accommodating 56 passengers and
cargo with a speed of five miles a
minute. Both planes are a develop
ment of Douglas' C-54 military car
go ship.
Four-engined and powered by
Whitney Wasp motors, the planes
will cut coast to coast schedules to
8ty hours, officials said, and reduce
the Chicago to New York flight to 2
hours and 40 minutes.
NO-STRIKES:
UAW Keeps Pledge
Predicting that the "Little Steel”
wage formula limiting wartime pay
increases to 15 per cent over Janu
ary, 1941, levels would be altered to
meet labor's complaint that living
costs have soared far above the per
mitted boost, CIO Pres. Philip
Murray joined United Automobile
Workers union officials in pressing
membership to maintain the no
strike pledge for the duration of the
war against Germany.
Although 3,801 votes were mus
tered against keeping the no-strike
pledge at the UAW's convention at
Grand Rapids. Mich., a majority of
6,463 favorably responded to the
bigwigs' plea to retain it.
Miners Meet
While the biggest union in the
world — the union John L. Lewis
helped to build — was meeting in
TELEFACT
AVERAGE YEARLY INCOME IN 1939-1943
Grand Rapids, the United Mine
Workers were holding their biennial
convention In Cincinnati, Ohio.
Here, in all of his glory, shaggy,
portly John L., who seemed to have
ridden out a rebellious movement
led by one of his ex-lieutenants for
district self-rule in the union, railed
against the record of mine disaster
victims as "butchery” and a “cry
ing national shame.”
Said Lewis: "... The time is
coming when this union will have to
take stern action to abate this
slaughter of our people. Were this
war not on, I would be prone to rec
ommend that the coal miners . . .
stop coal muting for a time until
we receive assurances from the op
erators of a greater degree of
safety.”
BIG TWO:
Meet in Quebec.
Although selection of a supreme
commander for the Pacific and mas
ter overall plans for dealing a death
blow to the Japanese chiefly occu
pied the attention of President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Chur
chill at their second historic Quebec
conference, postwar European prob
lems also loomed importantly in the
discussions.
Foreign Secretary Anthony
Eden’s dramatic last-minute air
plane dash to Quebec following
talks with the Polish govern
ment-ln-exlle’s cabinet officials
led to reports that the conferees
went over Premier Stalin's
claims to eastern Poland, and
his suggestion that Poland be
compensated for this loss of ter
ritory through annexation of
German soil.
Because of the eastern front’s
pressing demands on his time. Pre
mier Stalin regretted his inability
to attend the discussions.
AKmISTICL:
Pattern Set
Armistice terms under which Ro
mania agreed to pay Russia $300,
000,000 in goods, industrial equip
ment and foodstuffs in six years was
considered to constitute a model for
other dealings with enemy countries.
Because of Romanian participa
tion in the war against Germany
under Russian command, however,
the reparations payments reportedly
were scaled down.
Other conditions of the armistice
included Romania's cession of Bes
sarabia and Bukovina to Russia,
restoration of all Allied property,
abolition of racial discrimination
laws, and elimination of Fascism.
PAYROLL
Declaring that about 5 per cent of
the working population in the U. S.
is now employed by the federal gov
ernment, Sen. Harry Byrd (Va.) re
vealed that there were 3,112,965
persons on the payroll July 31 ex
clusive of 252,978 war department
employees engaged outside of the
country.
Contradicting the U. S civil serv
ice commission's report of person
nel cuts, Byrd said the payroll in
creased by 96,046 between May and
July.
Washington Di9est;
Plan for Local Offices
To Aid Demobilization
Vets’ and Civilians’ Problems Would Be
Tackled in Own Communities; Re
Employment Is Major Goal.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington. D. C.
These days it is popular to criti
cize Democratic methods for their
lack of speed. The legislative mills
do grind slowly as we have noted,
with many of the measures delay
ing readjustment to the peace to
come. But in the case of the first
steps toward preparing for de
mobilization which have brought up
such hearty disagreements, it so
happens that, quite unobserved by
most observers, the machinery has
b'*en grinding steadily ahead just
the same.
This was achieved by executive
order, and, on the surface at least,
it appears that work has been done
while congress was disagreeing.
Since February 24. when the execu
tive order creating it was issued, the
Retraining and Reemployment ad
ministration has established more
than 8,000 information centers which
will be the contact point with dis
charged veterans and war workers.
It also erected the framework of a
system which can be expanded to
take care of the peak demands when
demobilization starts in earnest.
These information centers are the
vital points of contact between gov
ernment agencies and the citizen,
veteran or civilian who is starting
on the road back to peacetime
existence.
The philosophy back of this whole
readjustment plan is based on the
idea that a man or woman can best
be served by his own friends and
neighbors. The government, local or
federal, helps, but the local com
munity whose own prosperity de
pends on the prosperity and happi
ness of its members, is the best of
guides, philosophers and friends.
The Retraining and Reemploy
ment administration is the child of
the Baruch-Hancock report, which is
a lengthy document embodying the
results of a long study and presented
as a suggestion for appropriate
legislation. Since the lawmakers
were slow in their law-making, the
President issued his executive order
under his war powers.
He put the new administration un
der the office of War Mobilization,
its head, Mr. Byrnes, named Gen
eral Hines, head of the Veterans
administration, as Administrator of
the Retraining and Reemployment
setup.
New Agency Work*
With Other U. S. Bodies
Under General Hines was created
a policy board made up of repre
sentatives of the various govern
ment agencies whose functions fit
into the picture, the purpose being
to make use of existing government
agencies insofar as possible rather
than to create new ones. The agen
cies represented on the board are:
labor, federal security, war man
power, selective service, the war de
partment, navy department, war
production board.
This board has general super
vision of all activities affecting the
returned veteran or the discharged
war worker and it consults with con
gress on matters which would pro
mote the processes of readjustment.
Specifically this is a large order
for it involves getting jobs, getting
the right job for the right man;
training for joHs. training the right
man for the right job and assuring
an expert and sympathetic handling
of the process, from the human as
well as the economic standpoint. It
also deals with all the multifold
benefits and rights of the GI Bill of
Rights, already dealt with at length
in these columns.
The man on whom most of the
responsibility for carrying out the
administration's work has fallen so
far is C. W. Bailey, executive sec
retary of the policy board.
Following the theory of utilization
of existing agencies, the board im
mediately turned to the three gov
ernment agencies which were al
ready engaged in activities similar
to those, or including those which
the R & R has to do, namely, selec
tive service with its 6.500 offices in
all parts of the country through
which virtually everyone who en
tered the armed services had to
pass; the United States Employ
ment service, with its 1.500 full time
offices which have been the main
channels carrying the war workers
to their jobs, and finally the Vet
erans administration with its hun
dred offices with a personnel ex
perienced in handling ex-soldiers’
claims since the end of World
War I.
Committees were appointed in the
various states composed of repre
sentatives of these agencies, whose
function was to assist in the creation
of the information centers. In many
states these committees have been
able to report that the organization
of these smaller groups is now ade
quate to handle the present load;
in other states the completion of the
organization is underway. Mr.
Bailey tells me that he feels that a
national framework has been con
stricted upon which the complete
organization can be raised as de
mobilization begins and war indus
tries are cut down.
This is the organization which has
been functioning under the execu
tive order. It is taken for granted
that it will be continued in function
if not in exact form, and of course
provided with adequate funds for ex
pansion, by current or future legis
lation. But the point is that in the
intermin action has been taken, with
out working for the legislative
bodies to deliberate and adumbrate
while the readjustment program
merely marked time.
Administration Eager
To Make Good Showing
Since the Democratic administra
tion is open to sharp criticism if
any phase of the adjustment pro
gram drags, considerable effort will
be made to show results. Pressure
applied to congress to hurry the
legislation was exerted, too, with
the Republicans perhaps in the less
advantageous position since the
original measure offered by the ad
ministration was considerably al
tered, first in the senate and later
in the house.
When the President was asked for
comment on Governor Dewey’s
charge that the New Deal was afraid
of the peace because it was uncer
tain that the economic problems
would be satisfactorily solved, the
President merely said we could say
that he smiled broadly.
Meanwhile, some members of the
administration not sure whether
smiles were in order have been out
in the field attempting to find out
just what has been accomplished
toward opening the way to full em
ployment, which is generally ad
mitted to be the one sure answer to
the danger of a depression. The
work of the Retraining and Reem
ployment administration if it can
show a' good record can be an ex
ample of one of the first concrete
steps.
Reports of the informal investiga
tofs have not been made public. We
do know that in some communities
the local people have responded
well. Many energetic mayors and
chambers of commerce are ready
and anxious to show their local in
dustries the benefit of the possibili
ties of expansion. They have been
active in making plans which will
get the returned veteran or war
worker a job, or get him in contact
with the proper source for training
which will make him a potential
benefit to the community. In such
places the committees are quickly
and easily formed and are prepared
to function—in some cases are al
ready functioning—effectively.
After all, the federal government,
by a unanimous vote in congress,
produced the GI Bill of Rights, that
welfare program opening a thou
sand effective channels for human
readjustment, physical, moral, in
tellectual and economic, to normal
life, to millions of servicemen. It
devolves upon their friends and
neighbors to see that their benefits
remain the benefits of the com
munity rather than lose them to
some more energetic society or, by
complete neglect, to oblivion.
• • •
Total federal receipts jumped
from $22,700,000,000 in fiscal 1943
to $40,500,000,000 in 1944, an in
crease of 78.7 per cent, according
to a recent U. S. treasury report.
Analysis of the report by the Fed
eration of Tax Administrators shows
that more than $33,000,000,000 of the
1944 total, or 81.4 per cent, was
brought in by income and excess
profits taxes All other taxes yielded
about $7,500,000,000, almost equal
ing the total federal receipts in 1941.
B R I E F S . . . by Baukhape
Placements of physically handi
capped persons by the United Slates
Employment service may total
nearly a half-million in 1944.
• • •
Because of the disruption of rail
facilities by the fighting in south
ern Fiance, American-made trucks
are being shipped to Europe for the
transportation of prisoner-of-war
parcels.
Curare, a deadly poison that na
tive Indians of the Amazon called
“flying death” because they used it
to make poison arrows, is now sav
ing lives of the fighting men of
United Nations, the office of the co
ordinator of Inter-Ainerican affairs
reports Curare is now used to re
lieve spastic paralysis and to relax
the muscles of mental patients
undergoing convulsive shock.
Looking at
HOLLYWOOD
SINCE most people believe that
the postwar world will be a won
drous affair with new discoveries in
science and transport revolutioniz
ing our everyday living, it oc
curred to me some changes will be
due in the motion picture industry.
I don’t remember who said, “I
don’t care who makes our laws, so
long as I can make our pictures,"
dui i mea me
over to Darryl F.
Zanuck, a pro
ducer on whom
the genius tag is
pretty firmly tied
since he made
“Wilson,” ana
asked him what
sort of film fare
we are going to
give our returned
soldiers. I wanted
to know what we
could expect of
Darryl F.
Zanuck
the film of the luture. mere was
Zanuck pacing up and down his lush
office like a caged tiger, swinging
a polo mallet to give greater
emphasis—and he was ready to give.
Here is what I got—
The over-all picture of the post
war cinema industry is a radical
one. It has little in common with the
industry we know today. Said
Zanuck, "The postwar film will be
international in scope. Picture-mak
ing in our peacetime era will be a
far different thing than it is today.
The broadening scope of world vis
ion that comes with peace will bring
about the ascension of a great for
eign star. I would not be surprised
to see a great Chinese actress be
come a dominant figure.
"I look to see our company. Twen
tieth Century-Fox, open a large stu
dio in a foreign land—quite pos
sibly India—where pictures will be
aimed at world consumption al
though made basically for the East.
"I would have no hesitancy in
making a motion picture with a
love story between a typical Ameri
can boy and a Chinese girl. The
same is true of a picture with a
high-type Indian and an American
girl.
Films for Freedom
"The reeducation of Germany will
center largely arouiW its film in
dustry. Films were the instrument
most freely used to propagandize
the German people into Naziism.
Films should therefore be the most
powerful instrument used in their
reeducation.
"I would personally like to have
the job of running the postwar Ger
man studios. I do not think this
should be done by a government
agency. It should be done by motion
picture men. After all, we made our
product so popular abroad that dic
tators banned our pictures in their
countries.”
Well, with that for a starter (and
I maintain that’s a good hunk for
anyone to chew on), let’s cut back
to the psychology of today’s soldier
as outlined by Zanuck. He said,
“War makes men think. There are
no drunken sprees from our re
turned soldiers today. These boys,
transformed into men, have fought
in 59 localities over every end and
corner of the world. They’re world
wide in vision. Geography isn't
something they learned out of a
book. They didn’t have to find the
far-flung places of the world on a
map—they’ve been there. The mo
tion picture industry will have to
keep abreast of their way of think
ing if we want to continue in busi
ness.”
The Three Ra, Too
Servicemen, says Zanuck, have re
flected a willingness to accept en
lightenment along with their enter
tainment; and while the poll is high
in favor of the pin-up type picture,
many significant films rank with
musicals in attendance. Back
grounds outside the United States
will be characteristic of many of
our new films and the foreign star
will come back into favor.
“Our international casting aver
age will mount higher and higher
when the avenues of foreign talent,
shut out by wars, are opened again.
There should be no national bound
aries in art. There aren’t any in
music, painting or sculpture. The
talent of the world should and must
be brought to our audiences.
“This will not come as any jolt to
the people at home. We're build
ing up a new audience here, too.
They know new names — places
they’d possibly never have heard of
if their sons hadn’t been fighting
there. Many of them are buried
there. They’U want to know more
about St. Malo and Cassino and
Chungking and Mitkyina — those
places are familiar household words
now.”
• • •
The Truth Brought Back
Jinx Falkcnburg, all dolled up in
a sarong on the “Song of Tahiti” set.
walked over to chat with a bunch
of visiting marines, just back from
the South Pacific. Said Jinx, “Tell
me—do you think I make an authen
tic South Sea Island girl'.’” After a
brief hesitation, one of the marines
spoke up and said. “Well hardly.
Miss Falkenburg. The trouble is,
you’re about 80 pounds underweight,
you smell too nice, and you have far
too many teeth!”
It’* Simple Furniture
With Frills, Ruffles
T F \ OU “have been wondering if
quaintness, frills and ruffles
were going into the decorating ash
can after the war, the answer is_
no. There will be many strictly
modern rooms but there will be
rooms also in which all the war
years’ pent-up longing will burst
forth in the most romantic ver
sions of the traditional Home,
sweet Home with variations ac
cording to taste.
Period themes and quaintness
will be stepped up to have a dra
matic quality. Modern ideas will
TO*
BEO CU*T*IN
im
C-TO-D* /
HEI6HT OF-T
VERTICAL-*
PART OF J
.6 WALL
CURTAIN
LEN6TH
+■ A-TO-B ■
f DISTANCE
L FROM
CEIUN6
*=• TO
FLOOR
/
creep in and add to this effect.
Simple furniture will be built in
and fabrics will be cut and sewn
especially to fit the spaces they
are to fill. The bed curtains for
the slanting wall in the sketch are
an example—and the triangular
shaped window curtains to give
extra fullness. Frills will be even
fuller than those of our dreams.
* • •
NOTE—Why not start your dream room
now with a skirted blanket chest like the
one in this sketch? It is grand to have
extra covers handy on chilly nights and
the padded top makes a comfortable seat.
Pattern 259 gives complete and fully Il
lustrated directions with detailed list of
materials needed for making the chest, full
skirt and top cushion. Enclose 15 cents
with name and address to get pattern
259. Address:
MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS
Bedford Hills New York
Drawer 10
Enclose 15 cents for Pattern No. 259.
Name .
Address .
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to buy I Follow label directions
LVDIfl E. PINKHflM’S
WNU—U
39—44
Preserve Our Liberty
Buy U. S. War Bonds
