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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 31, 1944)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Allies Jolt Nazi Grip in France; Reds Carry War to German Soil; Summer Drouth Hits Ohio Valley Released by Western Newspaper Onion (EDITOR'S NOTE: When eplnlens era espeessed In Ibaae eelamns, they are tboaa el DHttn Newspaper Helen's news analyata end ael aeeesaarlly el Ibis newspaper.) With landing* in southern France and sweeping advances in the north, the Allies are forming a huge pincers to squeeze German forces in that country, as arrows in picture show. FRANCE: Form Pincer With Allied forces everywhere on the move, the Nazi hold on France loosened, and German troops fell back to escape the death traps that lightning U. S. armored thrusts were forging. In the north, U. S. columns that drove on Paris threw out a long arm around the left flank of the Ger man army that wriggled out of the Fal&ise-Argentan pocket in Norman dy. threatening the retreating ene my with still another entrapment. While these U. S. columns under leadership of Lieut. Gen. George S. Patton pressed the Germans around Paris, British and Canadian forces hammered at the enemy in the re gion extending to the English chan nel to the north, pushing him back on a continuous front. Swift Allied advances in the north were matched by equally success ful gains in the new invasion area of southern France, where liberation troops spearheaded by Maj.-Gen. Alex ander M. Patch’s American Seventh army thrust far in land before encoun tering stiffening enemy opposition in the mountainous country. -Maj.-Gen. A. M. Patch As the regular army formations drove inland, they Joined hands with scores of para troopers, who had been dropped far back of the beachhead areas to sever enemy communication lines and hamper his forward movements to the fighting zones. was the case in Normandy, m&py Czechs, Poles and Russians werp included in the German units which manned the coastal defenses, and as the fighting raged further inland from Toulon to Nice, the Al lies bucked up against a better cali ber of enemy troops. Encouraged by the Allied suc cesses the French underground In tensified their sabotage of Nazi com munications and installations. EASTERN FRONT: Enter Prussia la the face of heavy Nasi resist ance and repeated counter-attacks supported by rocket fire, Russian troops under 3G-year-old Gen. Ivan Cbernlakhovsky crossed the East Prussian border to carry a war to German soil for the first time In 30 years. As the Germans savagely coun tered the Russian invasion of East Prussia with continuing counter attacks. the Nazis were reportedly throwing fresh reserves into the bat tle from Himmler’s home guard. On other sectors of the 1,000-mile front, German resistance was equal ly bitter, with the Nazis yielding ground grudgingly in the Baltic states and employing tank and In fantry forces to slow the Red drive on Warsaw. To the south, the enemy also brought his mechanized units into counterattack to impede the Russian advance on the central German bor der, 75 miles away from the front CIVILIAN GOODS: Reconversion Step Although the War Production board has allowed the use of sur plus labor and factory facilities In the manufacture of civilian goods, no appreciable increase in the out put of such material can be looked forward to until Germany is de feated, when it should jump 39 per cent to prewar levels, WPB Czar Donald Nelson declared. WPB’S order permitting limited manufacture of civilian goods con stituted the fourth and Hnal step In Its program for gradual reconver sion, previous provisions allowing use of aluminum and magnesium; construction of postwar working models of products, and immediate ordering of machine tools. Under the WPB's latest ruling, manufacturers able to employ sur plus labor will receive priority as sistance for producing such items as electric ranges, heating stoves, pails and buckets, electric flat irons, farm machinery except tractors, and wa ter storage tanks for agricultural use. PACIFIC: Step Up Bombing With U. S. bombers operating west of New Guinea and pounding the enemy’s shipping plying beyond the Philippines and Celebes islands, the position of 150,000 Japanese troops trapped within American lines in the South Paciflc continued to deteriorate. As U. S. bombers continued to range to the west of New Guinea, other U. S. aircraft hammered at Japanese bastions in the Bonin islands, guarding the southern ap proaches to the Nipponese home land, 600 miles away. While U. S. bombers continued their softening up campaign of the enemy’s strategic island defense system, American ground forces dug into newly won positions in the Marianas, Adm. Chester Nimitz de clared that it might not be neces sary to invade Japan to win a last ing peace. DROUTH: Crops Periled With only half a month of the June-August summer season re maining, the Ohio valley anxiously hoped that showers east of the Mis sissippi would develop into substan tial rainfalls and break a two and a half month drouth, during which Tennessee had only about 45 per cent normal precipitation, Illinois 50 per cent, Indiane 52 per cent, Ken tucky 44 per cent and Ohio 61 per cent. Besides Inflicting damage ranging from 10 to 70 per cent on corn crops in some areas, and threaten ing soybeans and gardens, the heat and drouth seared pasturage, com pelling farmers to dip into dwindling feed supplies, and inducing many to hold back on purchases of Stock ers for future fattening. Although the Ohio valley re mained hardest hit by the drouth continued dry weather threatened crops and pasturage In a wide re gion, including the North Atlantic coast area, the Northwest and Texas and Oklahoma. HIGHLIGHTS • • • in »fc* week't newt RADIO PICTURES: A British ra 4t.u and television expert recently disclosed plans to set up wireless photo-telegraphy stations that can flash complete typewritten or printed pages at the rate of 25 pages per second. At present the rate of transmission is six minutes for one page or picture. It is possible to speed up photo-telegraphy as much as 15 0(10 times, the inventor states. WANTED CHEWING GUM: A burglar who broke into a filling sta tion In New Haven. Conn., took gasoline coupons for 300 gallons, and then set to work to get what he really wanted—chewing gum. He smashed a vending machine, grabbed 100 sticks of gum and hastened away. He ignored the pen nies In the machine and tht money in the cash register. SOLDIER READING: Ease Restrictions Irked by the army’s Interpretation of the political propaganda ban in the soldier’s voting law, which re sulted in exclusion of much popular reading matter in military camps, the senate moved to ease the tight administration of this provision of the act. Originally, the law stipulated that no newspapers, magazines, motion ! pictures or literature paid for or sponsored by the government, and containing political propaganda, could be distributed to the armed forces. Much of the trouble lay in the army’s rigid Interpretation of the word "sponsored,” which it took to mean permitting the sale of popu lar reading matter containing polit ical material at service posts, or use of company funds to subscribe to newspapers. WHEAT: Perennial Brand Agricultural pioneers even back to the days of the Czars, when they de veloped artificial Insemination at royal stables, the Russians claim to have developed an edible perennial wheat with a gluten content of 60 per cent. According to the Soviet’s ace agronomist, Prof. N. V. Tsitsin, the perennial evolved from cross polli nation of wild grasses of the agropy rum family with wheat, produced satisfactory Initial harvests, with real tests to come next season. Although plant breeders in the U. S. have long worked on develop ment of a perennial wheat, they have met little practical success thus far, with one hybrid composed of wild grasses and the grain lack ing regular qualities. No Fun No different than a million other young men — but not'as lucky — George Danliires, 2, of Pittsburgh, Pa., crawled half way through the opening of an eight inch areaway between the walls of his home before he got stuck. Firemen were com pelled to chop part of the liv ing room wall to free him. If the picture's any indication, it was no fun, fellas! COTTON: Seek Parity In an effort to raise cotton prices to parity, which is from $6 to $8 per bale above 1944 loan rates, Sen. John H. Bankhead (Ala.) urged growers to keep the commodity off the market. Senator Bankhead’s action came in the midst of his conferences with government officials and cotton manufacturers over elevation of the price level in conformance with his congressional act calling for at tainment of parity of agricultural crops. During the conferences. Senator Bankhead said, it was agreed that early OPA revision of textile prices to reflect parity would help boost the market. As a last resort, he said, 97 Vi to 100 per cent parity loans were considered. DEMOBILIZATION: Study Discharges The all-important but compli cated problem of how to release servicemen and women from the armed forces after the war is re ceiving the consideration of both President Roosevelt and the hign command, it was reported. Under a reported proposal, per sonnel would be discharged under a point system, with so many points granted for service abroad, length of service and number of cam paigns, and marital status and de pendency. Personnel with the largest number of points would be the first released. At the same time, the President was said to be considering use of some camps and training facilities in this country for vocational study and rehabilitation of vets, and mod ernization of others for future de fense forces. EGGS The War Food administration holds a huge stock of eggs, purchased at a cost of between 100 and 150 million dollars to maintain prices at 90 per cent of parity. Col. Ralph Olmstead of WFA testified before a senate committee that some five mil lion cases have been bought. Colonel Olmstead stated that he was uncertain what disposition would be made of the eggs, although he said that probably a large part can be sent to Britain and liberated coun tries in a dried state. Washington Digests Changing limes Call for Creation of U. S. Bureaus Various Interests Favor Special Agencies For Own Problems; Patronage Plums Sought by Political Parties. By BAUKHAGE Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service. Union Trust Building Washington. D. C. The much-mooted question of states rights as against the over centralization of government in Washington—which is lumped neatly into the one word “bureaucracy” — Is due for a thorough airing in the coming political campaign. The recent debate in the senate over reconversion, especially in the contest over whether the federal government should administer the unemployment payments during the change-over from war production to civilian production, is a good ex ample. There will be much sound and fury, much thundering in the index on this subject. Little will be found to have been accomplished when the dust settles. For in this question we behold an interesting paradox. New Dealers as well as Republicans, left wingers as well as right-wingers, de plore the growing centralization of power in the federal government as a threat to democracy. And yet, all of them, when they sit down to look at the facts, admit privately that there is little or no chance of check ing this trend. The very groups which oppose the tendency toward the creation of more federal machinery and de nounce the bureaucrats the loudest, are insistent that enough of the bureaucrats who handle their spe cial interests be spared whenever the axe threatens to fall. It is upon this little inconsistency that President Roosevelt always hangs his rebuttal whenever Sena tor Byrd and other critics of his lav ish government spending call for a reduction of the government pay roll. Of course, the war badly dis turbed the traditional democratic in stitution of checks and balances and lifted private enterprise right out by the hair and sat down in its place with the brutal indifference which is associated with Mars. The federal government today finds itself doing business on a scale larger than all peacetime enterprise put together. Some of these activities are bound to stick when normal times finally return, but the trend toward bureaucracy started even before that. According to Alfred Bingham who has written a book called "The Practice of Idealism,” which you ought to read whether you can agree with it or not, the trend toward bureaucracy is due largely to two of five revolutions which he says are going on now. Bingham says that "revolution re sults from the pent-up pressure of delayed social change.” He believes that, like water-power, it can “either sweep in a destructive flood over peaceful cities and farms,” or it can be controlled and turned to beneficial use. ‘Revolt of Common Man' Encourages Bureaucracy The first of the revolutions he names, and one of those which has encouraged bureaucracy and in creased the demands on the fed eral government’s manpower, is the “revolt of the fcommon man." Of course, that revolt has been going on lustily with the start it got at the barricades in Paris and the events which occurred between Lexington and Yorktown, but the depression of 1929 moved it ahead quite a peg in this country, to say nothing of what happened after World War I all over the world, including the birth of communism, fascism, and all their freak ofT-shoots. Bingham says it was the call of the common man for social and eco nomic security which was one of the two chief causes of the growing cen 1 tralization of government. He cites 1 as two examples, the labor group which demanded that their interests be looked after, and the farmers. (The labor department, which had been a part of the department of commerce since 1903. was created a separate unit in 1913.) Bingham says that the vast organization un der the department of agriculture was the result of the insistence by farmers that agriculture be recog nized and assisted The second revolution, the de mands of which brought about addi tional federal activity, according to Bingham, was the technical revo lution, another name tor the indus trial revolution which has made mass production and all the won ders of the machine age possible. Billion-dollar corporations required some government control; various industries, notably those producing and using the automobile and the airplane called for highway and sky way encouragement, regulation and guidance. The huge department of commerce with its many activities conducted to aid business became a separate entity in 1903 and has grown steadily since. And right here we might assert that the common man, and, if you will, the less common man. worker, farmer, artisan, executive or entre preneur. although he joins merrily in the chorus denouncing the bureaucrats in general, doesn’t want the particular bureaucrat who is ready to help his particular inter est, disturbed. If he does not actually demand the services of such a bureaucrat, he may create a situation which his competitor, or those who may become his victim, insist must be controlled by the gov ernment. Of course, Mr. Bingham’s answer to all this is that a growing ex pansion of governmental powers is all right, so long as it is self-govern ment. Without debating that ques tion let’s see exactly how badly the bureaucrat is really hated. But you will find that there are bureaucrats and bureaucrats. You will find no complaint about the civil servant who carries out the decrees of the people’s duly elected representatives, provided those de crees have been sponsored, not to say lobbied, through congress at said complainant’s request. Let us consider the following state ment concerning one bureau, pre sumably administered, if I read my Webster aright, by bureaucrats: “Federal aid in building and maintaining highways, as carried out under Republican administra tions and since continued, is a sound and comparatively harmonious pro gram. . . . ” GOP Has Some Kind Words for Bureaus “Federal responsibility (regard ing agriculture) should be directed to such economic stabilization through disposition of surpluses, as surance of fair market prices. . . .’’ Who says this? The 26 Republican governors assembled in St. Louis early this month to back Mr. Dewey’s presidential campaign. They represented, we opine, both the “common man” and likewise, the “uncommon man.” And if you want further support for Mr. Bingham's thesis that the leaders in the world of technology, the men who own the machines and supervise their operation, like some of the bureaucrats, note the state ment from authentic sources that after the war industry is going to encourage the perpetuation of some of the functions of the OPA and the WPB because it is thought they can help stabilize industry. On the other side of the medal, again, just to preserve a nice bal ance, what about the GI Bill of Rights? That law puts into the hands of the federal government the administration of the greatest welfare program ever framed. I take it that high, low and middle ere willing to pay for the bureau crats to run this program out of the federal treasury. It was passed unanimously by congress. So it goes. We can boil down the debate in congress over unemployment insur ance and the effort to put the ad ministration of the payments into the hands of the states, into a much more immediate and practical ques tion than the broad principle of states rights, centralization of gov ernment or the growth of bureauc racy It is a simple matter here of whether the administration (any administration) handing out the benefits directly, sets up the of fice holders who do the handing out. or whether the state governments (state political machines) assume these gracious functions. In other words, who gets the political sup port in return? I'm sorry but that's the way it is. B R I E F S . . • by Bankliage More bituminous coal is being pro duced for World War II than was mined during World War I, with ap proximately or.e-third fewer miners • • * In spite ot difficulties imposed by battle conditions, the Red Cross has increased by 10 per cent the mes sages delivered from servicemen in staging and combat zones to their families. A Go - To - School drive has been opened by the United States office of education. the federal security agency and the children’s bureau of the department of labor to combat the nation-wide decline in high school enrollment. Students in 550 Japanese schools are busy breeding rabbits to pro vide clothing for soldiers. Butterfat Can Be Increased by Water Proper Methods Will Give Better Returns Dairymen whose cows can have a drink of water whenever they want it—night or day—will get more milk and butterfat from the same amount of feed and care than the dairymen who water their cows only a couple of times a day. This has been proven by extensive tests conducted at Iowa state college. The cows while being watered by means of water bowls drank ap proximately 18 per cent more water and yielded 3.5 per cent more milk and 10.7 per cent more butter fat than while being watered twice a day at the outdoor tank. Conclusions reached from the tests also showed that the tempera ture of the water was not nearly so important as the temperature of the air. In other words, if the cow had to stand outside in near zero weather, she was likely to drink Ideal Dairy Layout relatively less regardless of the temperature of the water. As might be expected, the cows drank more as the weather became warmer. The experiments were made with water bowls, which are almost im possible to obtain during the war. However, many dairymen can in clude watering inside their barns where the cows would have access at regular intervals. If some method can be devised so that the cow will not have to sip her needed water out of an icy tank she will drink more water, produce more milk and of a higher butterfat con tent. If the cow is getting silage or green feed with a lot of moisture in it, the cow will drink proportion ately less than she will if she is fed entirely on dry feed. There is a ten dency to balance up the total amount of water in the feed and that drunk. If the feed has more moisture in it, then the cow drinks that much less. Agriculture In the News Milkweed Floss The milkweed has gone to war and no longer can be considered a farm pest. The seeds of the milkweed fur nishes an edible oil, chemical ly similar to soy bean oil. From 100 pounds of the seed at least 20 pounds of oil may be extracted. In Canada, the leaves have prov en an excellent source of natural rubber. Perhaps the greatest war use is the floss of milkweed as a substitute for kapok, from which life preservers and linings for aviators’ flying suits may be made. Early September is the proper time to pick the pods, after the seeds have started to turn brown. Call has been sent out for farmers. Boy Scouts and war workers to gather the floss to fill urgent need of the navy and war departments. A utility egg package, containing the dehydrated equivalent of two dozen eggs in half the space required for a dozen fresh ones, is an ex pected postwar application of a war time development. AGRICULTURAL FACTS A soldier requires 40 times as much wool as a civilian and it takes 26 sheep to provide that wool for one year. Fifteen ounces of snap beans, gar den weight, are needed to make 19 ounces canned weight. It takes a year's food from 155 acres to feed a bomber-building crew for the time it takes to build a single bomber. These Smart Bags Are Knit in Jiffy 7120 JIFFY knit these two smart bags that will mark you as a well dressed woman. They’re done in heavy upholstery cord. • • • Cord used for smart jiffy knit bags. Pat tern 7129 contains directions for two bags; stitches; list of materials needed. Due to an unusually large demand and current war conditions, slightly more time is required in filling orders for a few of the most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept. •64 W. Randolph St. Chicago 80. 111. Enclose 15 cents (plus one cent to cover cost of mailing) for Pattern No.._ Name_— Address-—— Claim for Dead Arab $200; For His Mule It’s $250 While no country is required by international law to pay claims to foreign civilians for death or dam age resulting from combatant or noncorr.batant action of its armed forces, the U. S. government does compensate for accidents not oc curring during battle and has paid over $2,100,000 to some 18,000 claimants, says Collier’s. As these payments are based on local val ues, the accidental death of a North African Arab, for example, costs us only $200, while that of his mule costs $250. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT FEATHERS WANTED WANTED-FANCY FEATHERS, pheas ant whole or loose tall feathers, body dry skins, guille, goose and duck, new or old. FAKXERS STORE. MITCHELL, S. D. HOME WORK SOLID-BODY DESIGNS FOR EMBROIDERY Make your own. We show you how. If you wish to do only needlework, we supply de signs. every description, in true life colors. Information and sample free! JAMES LAMB 155-ON East :;9th St.. New York. N. Y. Stove & Furnace Repairs nr n k i DC F0R ANV stove KbrAIKb FURNACE or BOILER Prompt Shipments Since 1888 Order Through Your Dealer Compliments OMAHA STOVE REPAIR WORKS OMAHA. NEBRASKA "farm for sale For Sale: 1.230 acre* Washington County Colorado. Good graln-urnas land. Im proved; fine water, tve'l located. Price $18 41.0. Terras. Gout* Mll'er, Frankfort, Indiana. 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