CONSTITUTION OF
THE UNITED STATES
A » _ __ -
V —■ —
INSTALLMENT ONE
The Constitution of the United
States Is divided Into seven Articles,
supplemented to 1934 by twenty-one
Amendments. The text follows, with
Preamble:
THE CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE
We, the People of the United
States, in Order to form a more per
fect Union, establish Justice, Insure
domestic Tranquility, provide for
the common defence, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the
Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and
•?' establish this Constitution for the
H United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
Section 1. All legislative Powers
herein granted shall be vested in a
Congress of the United States, which
shall consist of a Senate and House
of Representatives.
8ection 2. The House of Repre
| sentatives shall be composed of
Members chosen every second Year
\ by the People of the several States,
| and the Electors In each State shall
I have the Qualifications requisite for
j Electors of the most numerous
| Branch of the State Legislature.
No Person shall be a Representa
f tive who shall not have attained to
the Age of twenty five Years, and
been seven Years a Citizen of the
United States, and who shall not,
when elected, be an Inhabitant of
that State in which he shall be
chosen.
Representatives and direct Taxes
shall be apportioned among the sev
eral States which may be Included
within this Dnlon, according to their
respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding to the whole
Number of free Persons, Including
those bound to Service for a Term
of Tears, and excluding Indians not
taxed, three fifths of all other Per
sons. The actual Enumeration shall
be made within three Years after
the first Meeting of the Congress of
the United States, and within every
subseqtient Term of ten Years, In
such Manner as they shall by Lnw
direct. The Number of Representa
tives shall not exceed one for every
thirty Thousand, but each State
shall have at Least one Representa
tive; and until such enumeration
shall be made, the State of New
Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations
one, Connecticut five, New-York six.
New Jersey four, Pennsylvania
fight, Delaware one, Maryland six,
Virginia ten, North Carolina five.
South Carolina five, and Georgia
three.
When vacancies happen In the
Representation from any State, the
Executive Authority thereof shall
Issue Writs of Election to fill such
Vacancies.
The House of Representatives
shall chuse their Speaker and other
Officers; and shall have the sole
Power of Impeachment.
Section 3. The Senate of the Unit
ed States shall be composed of two
Senators from each State, chosen
by the Legislature thereof, for six
Years; and each Senator shall have
one Vote.
Immediately after they shall be
assembled Id Consequence of the
first Election, they shall be divided
as equally as may be Into three
Classes. The Seats of the Senators
of the first Class shall be vacated
a', the Expiration of the second
Year, of the second Class at
the Expiration of the fourth
Year, and of the third Class
at the Expiration of the sixth
Year, so that one third may be
chosen every second Year; and if
Vacancies happen by Resignation,
or otherwise, during the Recess of
the Legislature of any State, the
Executive thereof may make tem
porary Appointments until the next
Meeting of the Legislature, which
shall then fill such Vacancies.
No Person shall be a Senator
who shall not have attained to the
Age of thirty Years, and been nine
Years a Citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when
elected be an Inhabitant of that
State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice President of the United
States shall be President of the
Senate, but shall have no Vote, un
less they be equally divided.
The Senate shall chuse their oth
er Officers, and also a President pro
tempore, in the Absence of the Vice
President, or when he shall exercise
the Office of President of the United
fcjp^ates.
The Senate shall have the sole
Power to try all Impeachments.
When sitting for that Purpose,
they shall be on Oath or Af
firmation. When the President of
the United States is tried, the Chief
Justice shall preside: And no Per
son shall be convicted without the
Concurrence of two thirds of the
Members present.
judgment in Cases of Impeach
ment shall not extend further than
to removal from Office, and dis
qualification to hold and enjoy any
Office of honor. Trust or Profit un
der the United States: but the Par
ty convicted shall nevertheless be
liable and subject to Indictment,
Trial, Judgment and Punishment,
according to Law.
Section 4. The Times, Places and
Manner of bolding Elections for
Senators and Representatives, shall
be prescribed in each State by the
Legislature thereof; but the Con
gress may at any time by Law
make or alter such Regulations, ex
cept as to the rlaces of chusing
Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at
least once in every Year, and such
Meeting shall be on the first Mon
day in December, unless they shall
by Law appoint a different Day.
Section 5. Each Bouse shall be
the Judge of the Elections, Returns
and Qualifications of its own Mem
bers, and a Majority of each shall
constitute a Quorum to do Busi
ness; but a smaller Number may
adjourn from day to day, and may
be authorized to compel the Attend
ance of absent Members, in such
Manner, and under such Penalties
as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the
Rules of its Proceedings, punish its
Members for disorderly Behaviour,
and, with the Concurrence of two
thirds, expel a Member.
Each House shall keep a Journal
of its Proceedings, and from time
to time publish the same, excepting
such Parts as may in their Judg
ment require Secrecy; and the Yeas
and Nays of the Members of either
House on any question shall, at the
Desire of one fifth of those Present,
be entered on the Journal.
Neither House, during the Ses
sion of Congress, shall, without the
Consent of the other, adjourn for
more than three days, nor to any
other Place than that In which the
two Houses shall be sitting.
Section 6. The Senators and Rep
resentatives shall receive a Com
pensation for their Services, to be
ascertained by Law, and paid out
of the Treasury of the United
States. They shall In all Cases, ex
cept Treason, Felony and Breach of
the Peace, be privileged from Ar
rest during their Attendance at the
Session of their respective Houses,
and in going to and returning from
the same; and for any Speech or
Debate in either House, they shall
not be questioned in any other
Place.
No Senator or Representative
shall, during the Time for which he
was elected, be appointed to any
civil Office under the Authority of
the United States, which shall huve
been created, or the Emoluments
whereof shall have been encreased
during such time; and no Person
holding any Office under the Unit
ed States, shall be a Member of
either House during his Continu
ance in Office.
Section 7. All Bills for raising
Revenue shall originate In the
House of Representatives; but the
Senate may propose or concur with
Amendments as on other Bills.
Every Bill which shall have
passed the House ot Representa
tives and the Senate, shall, before
it become a Law, be presented to
the President of the United States;
If he approve he shall sign it, but
if not he shall return it, with bis
Objections to that House In which
it shall have originated, who shall
enter the Objections at large on
their Journal, and proceed to re
consider 1L If after such Recon
sideration two thirds of that House
shall agree to pass the Bill, It shall
be sent, together with the Objec
tions, to the other Ho-se, by which
It shall likewise be reconsidered,
and if approved by two thirds of
that House, it shall become a Law.
But In all such Cases the Votes of
both Houses shall be determined by
Yeas and Nays, and the Names of
the Persons voting for and against
the Bill shall be entered on the
Journal of each House respectively.
If any Bill shall not be returned
by the President within ten Days
(Sundays excepted) after it shall
have been presented to him, the
Same shall be a Law, in like Man
ner as If he had signed It, unless
the Congress by their Adjournment
prevent its Return, In which Case
it shall not be a Law.
Every Order, Resolution, or Vote
to which the Concurrence of the
Senate and House of Representa
tives may be necessary (except on
a question of Adjournment) shall he
presented to the President of the
United States; and before the Same
shall take Effect, shall be approved
by him, or being disapproved by
him, shall be repassed by two thirds
of the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives, according to the Rules
and Limitations prescribed In the
Case of a Bill.
Section 8. The Congress shall
have Power To lay and collect
Taxes, Duties, Imposts and‘Excises,
to pay the Debts and provide for
the common Defense and general
Welfare of the United States; but
all Duties, Imposts and Excises
shall be uniform throughout the
United States;
To borrow Money on the credit of
the United States;
To regulate Commerce with for
elgn Nations, and among the sev
eral States, and with the Indian
Tribes;
To establish an uniform Rule of
Naturalization, and uniform Laws
on the subject of Bankruptcies
throughout the United States;
To coin Money, regulate the
Value thereof, and of foreign Coin,
and fix the Standard of Weights and
Measures;
To provide for the Punishment of
counterfeiting the Securities and
current Coin of the United States;
To establish Post Offices and Post
Roads;
To promote the Progress of Sci
ence and useful Arts, by securing
for limited Time to Authors and
Inventors the exclusive Right to
their respective Writings and Dis
coveries ;
To constitute Tribunals Inferior
to the supreme Court;
To define and punish Piracies
and Felonies committed on the
high Seas, and Offenses against the
Law of Nations;
To declare War, grnnt Letters
of Marque and Reprisal, and tnnke
Rules concerning Captures on Land
and Water;
To raise and support Armies, but
no Appropriation of Money to thnt
Use shall be for a longer Term
than two Years;
To provide and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules for the Govern
ment and Regulation of the land
and naval Forces;
To provide for calling forth the
Militia to execute the Laws of the
Union, suppress Insurrections and
repel Invasions;
To provide for organizing, arm
ing, and disciplining, the Militia,
and for governing such Part of
them as may be employed In the
Service of the United States, reserv
ing to the States respectively, the
Appointment of the Officers, and
the Authority of training the Mi
litia according to the discipline pre
scribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive Legisla
tion In all Cases whatsoever, over
such District (not exceeding ten
Miles square) as may. by Cession
of particular States, and the Accept
ance of Congress, become the Seat
of the Government of the United
States, and to exercise like Author
ity over all Places purchased by
the Consent of the Legislature of
the State In which the Same shall
be, for the Erection of Forts, Mag
azines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and
other needful Buildings:—And
To make all Laws which shall
be necessary and proper for carry
ing Into Execution the foregoing
Powers, and all other Powers vest
ed by this Constitution In the Gov
ernment of the United States, or In
any Department or Officer thereof.
Section 9. The Migration or Im
portation of such Persons as any of
the States now existing shall think
proper to admit, shall not be pro
hibited by the Congress prior to the
Year one thousand eight hundred
and eight, but a Tax or duty may
be Imposed on such Importation,
not exceeding ten dollars for each
Person.
The Privilege of the Writ of Ha
beas Corpus shall not be suspended
unless when In Cases of Rebellion
or Invasion the public Safety may
require It
No Bill of Attainder or ex post
facto Law shall be passed.
No Capitation, or other direct,
Tax shall be laid, unless In Pro
portion to the Census or Enumera
tion herein before directed to be
taken.
No Tax or Duty shall he laid on
Articles exported from any State.
No Preference shall be given by
any Regulation of Commerce or
Revenue to the Ports of one State
over those of another: nor shall
Vessels bound to, or from, one
State, be obliged to enter, clear,
or pay Duties in another.
No Money shall be drawn from
the Treasury, but In Consequence
of Appropriations made by Law;
and a regular Statement and Ac
count of the Receipts and Expendi
tures of all public Money shall be
published from time to time.
No Title of Nobility shall be
granted by the United States And
no Person holding any Office of
Profit or Trust under them shall
without the Consent of the Con
gress, accept of any present. Emol
ument, Office, or Title, of any kin.l
whatever, from any King, Prince,
or foreign State.
Section 10. No State shall enter
into any Treaty, Alliance, or Con
federation; grant Letters of Marque
and Reprisal; coin Money; emit
Bills of Credit; make any Thing
but Gold and sliver Coin a Ten
der in Payment of Debts; pass
any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto
Law, or Law Impairing the Obli
gation of Contracts, or grant any
Title of Nobility.
No State shall, without the Con
sent of the Congress, lay any Im
posts or Duties on Imports or Ex
ports, except what may be abso
lutely necessary for executing Its
inspection Laws; and the net Prod
uce of all Duties and Imposts, laid
by any State on Imports or Ex
ports, shall be for the Use of the
Treasury of the United States; and
all such Laws shall be subject to
the Revision and Controul of the
Congress.
No State shall without the Consent
of Congress, lay any Duty of Ton
nage, keep Troops, oi Ships of War
In time of Peac„, enter into any
Agreement or Compact with another
State, or with « foreign Power, or
engage In War, unless actually In
vaded, or In such Imminent Danger
as will not admit of delay.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
Most Zoo Animals Contented
Animals that pace back and forth
against the bars of their cages are
not attempting to get out. Most zoo
animals are contented In their cap
tive environment and would be
“lost” In their native wild*.
BRISBANE]
THIS WEEK
How Will Mussolini Fight?
Airfields and Live Wires
A Teapot Tempest
Will Eugenists Explain?
Mussolini fought in the big war
as a simple soldier in the trenches,
Arthur Brisbane
was badly
wounded, saw
the horrors of
war from the
bottom.
Now, In com
mand, he will
see war from the
top. Ilow will he
manage It? Dis
patches say he
must do some
thing In a "quick
drive and make
big gains” before
the rainy season
returns, seven
months hence.
Mussonm s driving power ana em
clency, that have transformed the
fever-breeding Pontine marshes Into
homes for Italian families, should
need no “seven months" to produce
results In Abyssinia. The thing to
do Is to concentrate on the “Con
quering Lion of Judnh," otherwise
the Negus, or "Power of Trinity.”
Make It clear that modern war
means “the ruler of the country
first, the little people afterward,”
and war will not last long. The
“Conquering Lion” has expressed
willingness, almost eagerness, to
die for his country, but that must
not be taken too literally.
Near Burbank, Calif., a plane
crashes. Three occupants, two pilots
and a stewardess, burn to death,
after striking a live wire.
It has been said, “Alcohol and
gasoline do not mix well," meaning
that men should not drive when
drunk.
Air fields and live wires do not
mix well either. The Department of
Commerce, ruling aviation and ex
ercising admirable rules, might In
clude among the latter a rule against
exposed live wires near air fields.
There is an unnecessary fuss
about American business men hav
ing secured In Abyssinia rights to
develop oil and mineral wealth. An
American should be able to go shop
ping at his own risk and on his
own responsibility, wherever he
chooses, as Englishmen do, without
having the State department In
dulge In “fits.”
If one of the great American or
ganizations, Standard Oil, Du Pont
or another, undertake to do busi
ness In Ethiopia, lt^wlll not ask
Uncle Sam to send over any of “our
boys” to shed their blood.
Strange sight in a New York
court—one boy, nine years old, ac
cused of killing n girl by hitting her
on the head with a stone because
she denied his assertion that he
could eat more peaches than she
could. Another little boy of twelve,
also killer of a playmate, appeared
in the same court.
The nine-year-old boy seemed
quite unconcerned, except that he
thought his dog, “Lucky,” would be
lonesome without him.
Prosecuting authorities accuse the
nine-year-old boy of murder, but
hanging or drawing and quartering
for children are part of the past
Will 8tlrplculturists and eugenists
explain these youthful crime phe
nomena?
The sad death of the queen of
Belgium proves that the open car
is the dangerous car. The queen
was thrown from the car, struck
her head against a tree, and was
instantly killed. Had she been in a
closed car, she could not have been
thrown violently, and probably
would have escaped death as did
her husband, who was holding the
wheel.
The open car is the ideal car to
see the country and the sky, but a
dangerous car for those who drive
too fast.
San Francisco, as old In the
minds of Americans ns the word
“California” Itself, is cheerful. The
great bridge that will unite San
Francisco to Oakland across the
hay is progressing rapidly. And
the suspension bridge is already
stretching its spiderweb cables
across the Golden Gate, where the
Pacific ocean comes rushing In to
the bay.
Thanks to good management and
an excellent engineer, Mr. Strauss,
this Golden Gate bridge, with its
magnificent span of more than
1,000 feet, will be finished on time
and for less than the $35,000,000
guaranteed as maximum price.
England wants no war, with
prosperity returning and spoils of
the big war not yet digested. But
the wing feathers of the peace an
gel must tremble at sight of Brit
ish and Italian fleets in the Med
iterranean, near the mouth of the
Suez canal.
If Britain tries to close that canal
to Italy, leaving thousands of Ital
ian soldiers cut off from their base
and from food supplies, there will
probably be some heavy gunfire.
©, Kins Features Syndicate, lac.
WNU Service.
EXPERT OFFERS
TIPS ON SAUCES
What They Are and How to
Make Them Explained
by Leading Expert.
The word sauce has, In culinary
matters, divers meanings. It may be
fruit cooked with sugar, until It Is
of the consistency of a white sauce,
or It may have the pieces of the
fruit, or whole berries, unbroken In
t rich liquid of delectable flavor. It
may be a mellow, smooth, thin paste
Highly seasoned and variously col
ored. a rich sauce for meat or fish
>r fowl. Or It may be a sweet
creamy liquid for puddings and des
serts.
The time for discrimination In the
significance of the word has come,
however. Some sauces are In real
ity, compotes. This Is when the ber
ries or cut fruits remain unbroken,
or as nearly so ns the kind permits.
For example applesauce Is not a
sauce but a compote when pieces are
unbroken. It Is a much more epi
curean dish among cooked fruits,
than the sauce, which Is of strained
fruit, and Is used much ns Is a relish.
Applesauce Is a side dish for pork,
and other meats A compote of ap
ples may be so served, but It may
he served for a dessert with cake or
rich cookies. Each hns Its place and
is a favorite dish.
Many of the dishes once termed
sauces have evolved Into relishes,
for exnmple, spiced fruits nre ac
counted relishes today, while ruashed
ripe fruits, or slightly cooked and
lavishly sweetened fruits become
fauces well liked for Ice creams and
other desserts. It Is the sweet sauce
that Is featured for desserts. The
sauce with zest Is for meat or fish,
entrees of like kind, and for poultry
ind birds, etc.
For the group of snuces with zest
there Is one foundation, a roux which
may be white or brown according to
whether the flour has been browned
In the butter or not. A rich roux
has equal parts butter and flour,
which Is thinned with stock, or with
milk. The French chefs use stock,
and scorn a sauce of this kind that
Is otherwise made crenmy. Water
can be used for thinning a founda
tion of one tablespoonful of butter
and one of flour—or two of flour, but
such a sauce Is scarcely worthy the
name, It' Is so Inferior. Roux of
either kind Is a basic sauce, from
which many others can be made.
Another group of sauces with zest
have nothing In common with the
roux group. Mint, sauce for mutton
and lamb Is one. This has vinegar
and mint as principal ingredients
with sugar to mellow It. Then there
are various kinds with mayonnaise,
as a base, or the mnyonnaise Itself,
a very rich sauce for salads, meats,
and fish. Tartar sauce chiefly for
fish has mayonnaise for a foundation,
with other ingredients added, such
ns a little onion, parsley, otives,
capers, and pickles all minced.
There are endless kinds of salad
sauces with mayonnaise as the base
such ns Russian dressing. Creole
sauce. Thousand island dressing Or '
a boiled dressing may be substituted
for the olive oil mayonnaise.
® Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
A Good Deed
A good deed Is never lost. Re who
sows courtesy, reaps friendship; he
who planta kindness, gathers love;
pleasure bestowed upon a grateful
mind was never sterile, but generally
gratitude begets reward.—Basil,
Always
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i
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