Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 3, 1933)
| OF INTEREST TO FARMERS | FOR MORE PROFIT Too many farmers consider their .poultry a side line, not worthy of much thought or care. The contri butions of the poultry to farm in come are not often appreciated. Eggs are usually traded for groceries, or eaten by the farmer’s family, with no cash passing through the far mer’s hands. But the point that the writer desires to stress is that there is opportunity to add several hun dred dollars to farm income on many farms by ufdng better management methods with a flock even as small as one hundred hens. Higher pro duction per hen is the keynote. Table 1 shows a gain in net re turns per 100 hens of more thRn $125 from the lowest group in res pect to eggs per hen (below 60) to the highest group (more than 150 ) This is too large an item to be over 1Poked._ Table 1—More Eggs—More Profits Returns above Eggs per hen feed per Group Average 100 hens 150 and above 173 $198 120-149 129 178 90-119 104 122 60- 89 72 70 60- 89 72 98 Below 60_45_70 _ There are a number of factors that enter into the increase of pro duction and feed costs per hen. Selection of breeding stock, housing, sanitation, amount of feed, and kinds and costs of feed all have a bearing. Here, also, the utilization of home grown feeds as much as possi ble helps to keep down costs. What a wonderful opportunity to bal ance the poultry ration econom ically on the dairy milk available! Table n shows the effect of feeding skimmilk to poultry — a chance to add about $120 additional profit from 100 hens: Tabic II—Use of Skimmilk in Bal ancing the Poultry Ration Lbs. skimmilk Eggo Returns above Per year per feed per per 100 hens hen 100 hens Above 10 000 123 $195 6,000-9,999 102 118 1-4,999 £4 95 None , 77 75 FEEDING WORK HORSE Work horses need a generous amount of suitable feeds if they are to be kept in good strong condition and fit to do their work regularly with spirit, strength and endurance. Though no definite rules can be laid down to follow, it is reasonable to plan to feed one pound of grain and one pound of hay daily for each hundred pounds of the horse’s weight This rule needs to be modified, ac cording to the character of work and the condition of the home, but it is a good one to keep in mind. The grain may well be fed in three equal portions, morning, noon and night. More hay should be fed at night than in the morning, and only a light allowance at noon; if the horse weighs 1,500 pounds, eight or nine pounds of hay may be fed at night, three or four in the morn ing. and two or three at noon. There Is no one ration that always is best to use, as the horse is able to make efficient use of a wide variety of feeds. It is a mistake, however, to ieed the hardworked horse on poor feeds. Good sound grain, generally oats or corn, or both and good mixed clover-and-timothy hay or clover hay are favored by many good horsemen. Spoiled feed of any kind should not be fed. Under usual farm conditions it in not necessary to grind coarse grain nor to cut or chaff the hay; these processes are costly and, excepting for horses that are at very hard work or that have poor teeth, are not likely to yield a profit. If legume hay is not used it is well to feed some high-protein supplement such as linseed-old meal or cottonseed meal at the rate of one to two pounds dally per horse. Balt should be provided regularly or at frequent intervals; if not reg ularly available in the form of rock or barrel salt, care should be used to avoid giving so much as to cause excessive thirst or scouring. Fresh, clean water should be supplied at least three times daily, and more often in very hot weather. This is important. The use of medicated feeds, condition powders, drugs and “dopes” of various kinds should be avoided. If medicine is needed, it should be secured and supplied ac cording to a competent veteranar ian’s prescription. Healthy horses need only suitable feed, care and management suited to their ail ment, and not fake “cures.” HENS AND THEIR DIET The practice of throwing grain on the floor in soiled litter is coming to be looked upon with disdain. Ex periment stations and commercial poultry farms have found that the normal laying flock can be fed both grain and mash in hoppers, and that they will consume about the cor rget proportion of the two. The same typo of hopper that holds the dry mash can be used for scratch feed. But where grain Is hopper fed, ad ditional hopper space must be pro vided and the mash feeding area not cut down. The change from lit ter feeding should be made gradu ally. until the birds learn the loca tion of the hoppers and eat from ; them readily. It is interesting to ! note that hens seem to have the ability to balance their needs and v. ill consume just the right quanti ties of grain and mar-h fbr produc tion and body maintenance. In other words, they will not get too fat if given access to grain. This practice reduces the labor and in sures greater sanitaton in feeding, j and is equally suited to range feed j ingg, of growing stock and to houas j feeding of layers. FIGHTING FIRR BLIGHT A most promising and valuable finding has been made in connection with the control of fire blight, one of the most devastating diseases of apple and pear orchards. The newly dtveloped control is the result of six years of research by plant path ologists. Thin control is a germicid al spray applied when the blossoms are fully open, and the first year’s results are most promising. The first finding in the early years of the in vestigation upset the old theory or belief in the Middle Went that the pear tree was solely responsible for the overwintering of the fire blight, showing definitely that the disease could be carried over the dormant season on the apple tree just as well as on the pear. The second develop ment was the resulting evidence which conclusively showed that there were several possible sources of overwintering in addition to dis eased wood tissues. The investigator consistently found infections occur ring in apple blossoms, but these infections taking place before the oozing of old diseased wood cankers. The old theory had it that insect-, such as wasps, flies and bees, were the carriers of fire-blight bacteria from the diseased woed tissues to the blossoms. But their results were counter to this early conclusion, since the oozing of cankers did not occur until well after blossoming. This caused him to seek other sources. Later they found live fire blight bacteria in the beehives used in a commercial orchard, and was able to isolate the bacteria through out the whole year. When they an nounced their findings concerning the relationship of bees to the spread of fire blight, they brought down the wrath of apiary enthusi asts. But it was not their intention for the orchardists to eliminate their bees. They had found to their sat isfaction the source of this annual spring infection, and the next prob lem was to find the way out. There were two alternatibes. first the wide spread use of bacteria free hives, v.’hich would be exceedingly difficult to accomplish; and second, to de velop a spray control to be applied at the time of blossoming when in fection is taking place. In the spring of 1932, the investigators set out to experiment with a germicidal spray. This experimental spray was a weak Bordeaux application of one pound of copper sulphate and three pounds of hydrated lime to 50 gallons of water. The results were most out standing and beyond their expec tations. The trees of the check rows, given only the customary spray schedule, had as much as 60 per cent blighted clusters on some trees, while the trees receiving the additional experimental spray when the blos soms were open had no evidence of blight as late as May. A secondary problem enters the study now. The use of a germicide on fully opened blossoms in the past has caused russeting of fruit. However, little ; russeting was experienced when they j used a comparatively weak solu*; tion. I NEW USE FOR SPRAT Nicotine sulphate is standard ' equipment with most amateur gar- j deners, butits value as a protection of flower beds, gardens, shrubbery and ! the general premises against the depredations of troublesome dogs and cata may not be so well known as its effectiveness in the constant warfare against suckling insects such as aphids. It has been determined, however, that if the flowers, shrubs I or premises are sprayed with a di- ' lute solution of nicotine sulphate such animals will avoid them, j Harmless to the plants and effec- < tive against the insects, the spray 1 is also extremely offensive to the : animals. Even a very weak colu- ) tion. one and a half teaspoonfuls of the ordinary commercial 40 per cent nicotine sulphate preparation to the gallon of water will do the trick. Cats and dogs, with a keener sense of smell than humans, are particularly sensitive to the odor of the spray even when applied in such dilutions that people are unaware of its presence. Because the spray evaporates, for greater effectiveness it should be applied about once every two weeks in average weather, and after heavy rains. --♦ ♦-— CLirPING ALFALFA Spring sown alfalfa seedlings ! sometimes make sufficient growth ' that clipping during the last half of August does not injure the stand. Better quality of hay may be se cured the next year through the removal of grass stubble and weeds, i Alfalfa seedlings should bo clipped lew so as to cut below the branches of the weeds. Alfalfa will not be injured by low clipping, ns it grows again from vigorous buds on the crown, rot on the clipped stems. COMB-DIBBINGG TIME To avoid troubit with frozen eombs on male birds and conse quent la's of fertility, rnsny poul try keepers dub, or cut, the combi cf males that are to be saved over as breeders — especially Leghorns, Mmereas and other breeds that have large combs. Summer is the time for the Job. and it Is beat to do it while males are about half grown Ordinarily tailor shears may be u»ed. One cut Is made to remove the points and major portion of the eomb at the base and another cut to take off the larger portion of the blade. A third cut removes the maj- ) or portion of the wattle. One meth- j od of stopping the bleeding is to ; take a feather from the bird and lay it along the cut surface; but the most satisfactory method is to apply iron subsulphate to the bleeding surface, making sure that none of it reaches the mouth of ♦the bird, for death will result if any is swallowed. LIBERAL FEEDING EARNS IT Twenty five cents earned is mora • valuable than a dollar found. 1 Side Glances_ By Gcerge Clark I C 1W> BY MtA SCWVtCX tWC BEG U %. PAT. OfT B | “DonV be cross with me, lady. I don’t like selling brooms.” IOWA BOASTS VIRGIN LAND Manchester, la. — (UP) — Al though Iowa is a comparatively young state, there exists in the state only one sizeable tract of virgin prairie land. All the rest at some time, has been turned over by the plow. This tract of untouched prairie is owned by Charles C. Earry, 77, a retired farmer here. And al though he owns 40 additional acres of some of the moot fertile land in Iowa, his 80-acre plot of prairie land is prized most of all. The land was purchased by Barry’s father from the federal government in 1856 for $1.25 an acre. Barry still possesses the original grant, a sheepskin deed bearing the signature of President Jamas Buchanan. prairie is tillable and high ly fertile, but never was cultivated because it was located a mile dis tant from the remainder of the farm, Barry said. Teachers Carry on Despite Lack of Pay Lorain. Ohio. —(UP)— Undaunt ed by the fact that their salaries are unpaid and most of their re serve funds tied up in closed banks, Lorain school teachers are turning to a variety of methods of making their living expenses. Several have gone back to the farm; mank have their own back yard gardens; two teachers are rais ing bees; two are writing fiction; one man is managing a summer re sort concession. Still another sells ping-pong balls and tables, made by him self; Several are giving private music lessons and tutoring back* ward pupils. -»♦ Texas Junk Dealers Find Beer Bottle Profit Austin, Tex. —(UP)— Junk deal ers in Texas are finding new profits in old bottles, green er brown, of the “beer” type. The new 3.2 beer, as yet illegal in Texas, has created an acute demand in the brewery cities of New Orleans and St. Louis. The old brown bottles that once went to the ash can now are worth 25 to 35 cents per dozen in Texas. Most of the beer bottles col lected in Texas are sent to San Antonio or Tyler by the junk dealers, where they are sorted and shipped to out-of-state brewers. Missouri Plans Memorial Park for Gen. Pershing Laclede, Mo. —(UP)— Plans for a national military park in honor of Gen. John J. Pershing are be ing pui forward here, the coldier’s boyhood home. Congressman Lozier from this district has introduced a bill into the House of Representatives ap propriatingg money for such a memorial. I A Simian Lullaby _,mwarnuii *j<inr^i—n This tender, intimate scene, starring Mother Nanette and Baby Tommy, is from the Simian quarters of the circus which recently opened a run in New York. There is an almost human expression on the face of the baby ape as lie glanet3 half-fearfully at the camera. $1 a Year Chaplair.s Will Stick to Hospital Jobs Newington, Conn. —(UP1— Al though the salaries they were paid by the government as chap lains at the United Stairs Veter ans Hospital here have been elim inated, Rev. Raymond Cun ningham. rector of the Trinity np.scopa’ rhurch, and F.uLbi Ab raham J. Feldman of the Cor. srtgotion £eth Israel, will con t rrue work. A few mon.hs ago the cal cries were reduced 13 dm rent under a general reduction made by tho government. Beth men said they would struggle along without thr government pay. The original ca'.ary was $1 a year. -*♦- - Her One Chance. Prom Tne Humorist. Mabel: It was quite thrilling at the movies. A man proposed to me in the dark—a perfect stranger. Marie: Really! And when is the wedding? Nearly 80 noo ooo 000 kilowatt hours of electrical power were pro duced in the United HUtw U» Hi27. I TALES OF REAL DOGS _ By Albert P. Terhune WALLACE: GLASGOW'S IMMOR TAL “FIRE DOG”. He looked like a red-brown collie, shaggy and alert. But then he look ed more or less like several other kinds of dog. His breed doesn't matter. If he was of mongrel blood, he was also of uncannily clever brain and hero heart. To many thousand people he was known lovingly as "The Glasgow Fire-Dog." He died many years ago, but his fame still survives. I heard and read of him, often, when I was younger. My most recent and most dramatic account of himeomes from John McChesney, noted sportsman and dog-lover, of the fire-dog's strange story: His name was Wallace. At least, that was the name he bore with honor during much of his life. No body knows where he came from nor who first owned him. His his tory begins on a hot day in 1896, when he strolled into the Central Fire Hall, on College Street, in Glasgow, Scotland, and lay down under the nearest engine. He did not slink into the place, but behaved as if he belonged there and as if the cool floor under the engine were his regular bed. He had the air of a dog that has come home. But the firemen could not see it that way. The dog was hauled out from beneath the engine, by the scuff of his neck, and was kicked into the street. In less than a minute he was bock again. With a reproachful glance at the fireman who had ejected him, he curled up once more under his chosen engine. That was all the good it did him. For another fireman hit him over the head and kicked him once more into the roadway. And, once more, he was back beneath the engine in less than no time. After this performance of evic tion and return had been repeated five times, the firemen got tired of such violent exercise on such a hot day, and they let the dog lie undis turbed. a lew minutes later, came an alarm of fire. It was a dangerous blaze. All the engines dashed out in respond to the call. On the first of them rode dhief Patterson, the head and the idol of the Glasgow fire-fighters. Patterson noticed a red-brown dog galloping directly in front of his engine's horses (it was before the day of motor fire-engines), and trying to clear the way for the team. The dog barked at the top of his lungs, and kept rushing at such bystanders as did not get out of the way of the engines as fast as he thought they should. After the fire was put out and the engines started back for the hall, the same dog led the proces sion, and once more made valiant efforts to clear the way for it. Chief Patterson was amused at the odd sight. He made inquiries. Then he decreed that the dog should be allowed to remain as a guest of the department and to sleep under the Number One En gine which he had chosen as his bed. By a vote of the firemen the newcomer was named "Wallace," in J honor of Scotland’s national hero. That was the beginning of Wal lace’s long career as a fire dog. Pat erson had noted that in leading the engines and trucks home from the conflagration he had not once looked back, and yet had gone di rectly to the fire-hall. Presently, an ■ other and more notable thing was observed about Wallace. "j avrmc iiibtnict ne seemea to know just where every fire was. The moment the alarm sound ed, night or day, the dog was on his feet and was galloping ahead of the engines and trucks straight toward the scene of the blaze. This odd twist of intelligence on his part has never been explained so far as I can find out. For he did not wait to see which direction the engines would take. Always, he led them where they should go. The firemen grew to regard him with something like awe, because of this odd trait of his. They treated him with affection and with almost de ference, and they sang his praises everywhere. Soon, word of Wallace’s peculiar cleverness reached the newspapers. Reporters came to watch him and to note his behavior when fire alarms were turned in. His praises were sounded in one paper after an other, throughout Great Britain. He was a national figure. He was civil to his many visitors and to the horde of curios folks who tried to make friends with him at fires. But always he stood on his dignity with everyone who was not a fireman. He seemed to recognize his fellow-workers as the only peo ple with whom a self-respecting fire dog could decently make friends. He acknowledged no one man as his master, nor would he accept any fire fighter’s house as his home. He belonged under his own engine, and there he stayed between alarms. It was not long before he proved to the departmnt, and to all Glas gow. that he was earning his keep. Many a time, in those days, engines find trucks were held up on the way to a conflagration by dense flocks of sheep which jammed the narrow streets, from side to side, on their Journey to the various market places. Wallace solved this problem with ease. Running far in front of the foremost engine, he would charge Into these milling and bleating flocks. In a moment or so he would clear a path amid their crowded ranks wide enough for his belov ed engine drivers to gallop through without incurring damage suits for killed sheep. Many a destructive fire did he en able the engines to put out by th* saving of the oldtime delays. Nw longer were the close-packed throngs of sheep a menace to timr and to property. Once, as the engines were rush ing to a fire at full speed, a blind man was crossing a street directly in front of them. In his confusion, (he man had started arross from the curb at precisely the wrong moment. Wallace whizzed forward, grab bing the blind man by the coat-talk and dragging him by main force back to the sidewalk. This before any of the horrified bystander* could come to the victim's rescue. The dog pulled him to safely, al most from under the very hoofs ul the galloping fire horses. The panic-stricken blind man thought he was attacked by a sav age deg. As they reached the eurfc he beat Wallace cruelly over the head and body with the heavy stick he carried. If the blows had been struck by any ordinary person, the dog would have been at his throat in on in stant. But he seemed to understand that this man was helpless and £tr cken. He did not resent the heal ing, but scampered back to hi* place at the head of th? engines. For this heroic deed, a gold medal was awarded to him by the Royal Humane Society, one of sev eral hero medals earned by Wallace in his years as a fire dog. Also, as the dog’s feet grew ten der from much galloping over hard pavements, a Glasgow shoe make* fitted him for a full set of soft boots. These he wore with gresi pride lor the rest of his long Hie. I could tell you many more things about the Immortal fire dog: But I think I have shown his rigbfc to a place \n our series. Lives of Twins Follow Same Course of Event* Springfield, Mo, — (UP) — Mrs. Mary Margaret White of Sprinr field and Mrs. Letha Jane Etta, Nocona, Texas, are twins 91 yeus old. Uowever, the similarity ex tends beyond birth dates. For 91 years the lives of the twn women have been identical. Both took the same courses at schah and made almost Identical grades. They both married about the same time and both have 10 children. Both are widows, their husband* djing within a few months c£ each other. About eight months ago Mr*. Etter fell and fractured her hip. Recently Mrs. White fell and suffered an identical fracture. Both women are nearly blind from age. Both tell their friend* they expect to die about the $amr> time. ,, • if' Smart Sports Attire r A striped wool sweater in bright colors with pique trim and tucks sets off this sports costume worm tf Patricia Ellis, sereen player. Tbs* ■ l.irt is white pique and the hat gloves are o/ linen. Weekly Publications’ Postage to Be Increased Ottawa, Ont. — (UP) — Ncwspa- I pers and periodicals published oftener than once a week will re- | quire increased postage graduated ••cording to their advertising sjtncf*. under an amendment to tfce Post Office Act, proposed by Rime Minister Richard B. Ben nett. The present rate is one cent ft pound for all such newspapers and period cals transmitted nywe than 40 miki. After the space devoted to advertising exceeds B per cent the rate will increase im two cents a pound. When Uaa advertising i pace exceeds 30 per cent but less than 50 per cent, Lbr rate will be three cents, and tram 50 per cent up the rate will stand at four cents a pound. The four-eyed minnow, found fee rivers and lakes of tropical Ameri ca, has an upper and lower rye a* each side of its haul. — -- ■ - Tiler,, are 3X8,854 telephones la Germany, or live phones to rveiji hundred persons in the country.