| OF INTEREST TO FARMERS |
FOR MORE PROFIT
Too many farmers consider their
.poultry a side line, not worthy of
much thought or care. The contri
butions of the poultry to farm in
come are not often appreciated. Eggs
are usually traded for groceries, or
eaten by the farmer’s family, with
no cash passing through the far
mer’s hands. But the point that the
writer desires to stress is that there
is opportunity to add several hun
dred dollars to farm income on many
farms by ufdng better management
methods with a flock even as small
as one hundred hens. Higher pro
duction per hen is the keynote.
Table 1 shows a gain in net re
turns per 100 hens of more thRn
$125 from the lowest group in res
pect to eggs per hen (below 60) to
the highest group (more than 150 )
This is too large an item to be over
1Poked._
Table 1—More Eggs—More Profits
Returns above
Eggs per hen feed per
Group Average 100 hens
150 and above 173 $198
120-149 129 178
90-119 104 122
60- 89 72 70
60- 89 72 98
Below 60_45_70 _
There are a number of factors
that enter into the increase of pro
duction and feed costs per hen.
Selection of breeding stock, housing,
sanitation, amount of feed, and
kinds and costs of feed all have a
bearing. Here, also, the utilization of
home grown feeds as much as possi
ble helps to keep down costs. What
a wonderful opportunity to bal
ance the poultry ration econom
ically on the dairy milk available!
Table n shows the effect of feeding
skimmilk to poultry — a chance to
add about $120 additional profit
from 100 hens:
Tabic II—Use of Skimmilk in Bal
ancing the Poultry Ration
Lbs. skimmilk Eggo Returns above
Per year per feed per
per 100 hens hen 100 hens
Above 10 000 123 $195
6,000-9,999 102 118
1-4,999 £4 95
None , 77 75
FEEDING WORK HORSE
Work horses need a generous
amount of suitable feeds if they are
to be kept in good strong condition
and fit to do their work regularly
with spirit, strength and endurance.
Though no definite rules can be
laid down to follow, it is reasonable
to plan to feed one pound of grain
and one pound of hay daily for each
hundred pounds of the horse’s weight
This rule needs to be modified, ac
cording to the character of work
and the condition of the home, but
it is a good one to keep in mind.
The grain may well be fed in three
equal portions, morning, noon and
night. More hay should be fed at
night than in the morning, and only
a light allowance at noon; if the
horse weighs 1,500 pounds, eight or
nine pounds of hay may be fed
at night, three or four in the morn
ing. and two or three at noon. There
Is no one ration that always is best
to use, as the horse is able to make
efficient use of a wide variety of
feeds. It is a mistake, however, to
ieed the hardworked horse on poor
feeds. Good sound grain, generally
oats or corn, or both and good
mixed clover-and-timothy hay or
clover hay are favored by many
good horsemen. Spoiled feed of any
kind should not be fed. Under usual
farm conditions it in not necessary
to grind coarse grain nor to cut or
chaff the hay; these processes are
costly and, excepting for horses that
are at very hard work or that have
poor teeth, are not likely to yield a
profit. If legume hay is not used it
is well to feed some high-protein
supplement such as linseed-old meal
or cottonseed meal at the rate of
one to two pounds dally per horse.
Balt should be provided regularly
or at frequent intervals; if not reg
ularly available in the form of rock
or barrel salt, care should be used
to avoid giving so much as to cause
excessive thirst or scouring. Fresh,
clean water should be supplied at
least three times daily, and more
often in very hot weather. This is
important. The use of medicated
feeds, condition powders, drugs and
“dopes” of various kinds should be
avoided. If medicine is needed, it
should be secured and supplied ac
cording to a competent veteranar
ian’s prescription. Healthy horses
need only suitable feed, care and
management suited to their ail
ment, and not fake “cures.”
HENS AND THEIR DIET
The practice of throwing grain on
the floor in soiled litter is coming to
be looked upon with disdain. Ex
periment stations and commercial
poultry farms have found that the
normal laying flock can be fed both
grain and mash in hoppers, and that
they will consume about the cor
rget proportion of the two. The same
typo of hopper that holds the dry
mash can be used for scratch feed.
But where grain Is hopper fed, ad
ditional hopper space must be pro
vided and the mash feeding area
not cut down. The change from lit
ter feeding should be made gradu
ally. until the birds learn the loca
tion of the hoppers and eat from
; them readily. It is interesting to
! note that hens seem to have the
ability to balance their needs and
v. ill consume just the right quanti
ties of grain and mar-h fbr produc
tion and body maintenance. In
other words, they will not get too
fat if given access to grain. This
practice reduces the labor and in
sures greater sanitaton in feeding,
j and is equally suited to range feed
j ingg, of growing stock and to houas
j feeding of layers.
FIGHTING FIRR BLIGHT
A most promising and valuable
finding has been made in connection
with the control of fire blight, one
of the most devastating diseases of
apple and pear orchards. The newly
dtveloped control is the result of
six years of research by plant path
ologists. Thin control is a germicid
al spray applied when the blossoms
are fully open, and the first year’s
results are most promising. The first
finding in the early years of the in
vestigation upset the old theory or
belief in the Middle Went that the
pear tree was solely responsible for
the overwintering of the fire blight,
showing definitely that the disease
could be carried over the dormant
season on the apple tree just as well
as on the pear. The second develop
ment was the resulting evidence
which conclusively showed that
there were several possible sources
of overwintering in addition to dis
eased wood tissues. The investigator
consistently found infections occur
ring in apple blossoms, but these
infections taking place before the
oozing of old diseased wood cankers.
The old theory had it that insect-,
such as wasps, flies and bees, were
the carriers of fire-blight bacteria
from the diseased woed tissues to
the blossoms. But their results were
counter to this early conclusion,
since the oozing of cankers did not
occur until well after blossoming.
This caused him to seek other
sources. Later they found live fire
blight bacteria in the beehives used
in a commercial orchard, and was
able to isolate the bacteria through
out the whole year. When they an
nounced their findings concerning
the relationship of bees to the
spread of fire blight, they brought
down the wrath of apiary enthusi
asts. But it was not their intention
for the orchardists to eliminate their
bees. They had found to their sat
isfaction the source of this annual
spring infection, and the next prob
lem was to find the way out. There
were two alternatibes. first the wide
spread use of bacteria free hives,
v.’hich would be exceedingly difficult
to accomplish; and second, to de
velop a spray control to be applied
at the time of blossoming when in
fection is taking place. In the spring
of 1932, the investigators set out to
experiment with a germicidal spray.
This experimental spray was a weak
Bordeaux application of one pound
of copper sulphate and three pounds
of hydrated lime to 50 gallons of
water. The results were most out
standing and beyond their expec
tations. The trees of the check rows,
given only the customary spray
schedule, had as much as 60 per cent
blighted clusters on some trees, while
the trees receiving the additional
experimental spray when the blos
soms were open had no evidence of
blight as late as May. A secondary
problem enters the study now. The
use of a germicide on fully opened
blossoms in the past has caused
russeting of fruit. However, little ;
russeting was experienced when they j
used a comparatively weak solu*;
tion. I
NEW USE FOR SPRAT
Nicotine sulphate is standard '
equipment with most amateur gar- j
deners, butits value as a protection of
flower beds, gardens, shrubbery and !
the general premises against the
depredations of troublesome dogs
and cata may not be so well known
as its effectiveness in the constant
warfare against suckling insects such
as aphids. It has been determined,
however, that if the flowers, shrubs I
or premises are sprayed with a di- '
lute solution of nicotine sulphate
such animals will avoid them, j
Harmless to the plants and effec- <
tive against the insects, the spray 1
is also extremely offensive to the :
animals. Even a very weak colu- )
tion. one and a half teaspoonfuls
of the ordinary commercial 40 per
cent nicotine sulphate preparation
to the gallon of water will do the
trick. Cats and dogs, with a keener
sense of smell than humans, are
particularly sensitive to the odor of
the spray even when applied in such
dilutions that people are unaware
of its presence. Because the spray
evaporates, for greater effectiveness
it should be applied about once
every two weeks in average weather,
and after heavy rains.
--♦ ♦-—
CLirPING ALFALFA
Spring sown alfalfa seedlings !
sometimes make sufficient growth '
that clipping during the last half
of August does not injure the stand.
Better quality of hay may be se
cured the next year through the
removal of grass stubble and weeds, i
Alfalfa seedlings should bo clipped
lew so as to cut below the branches
of the weeds. Alfalfa will not be
injured by low clipping, ns it grows
again from vigorous buds on the
crown, rot on the clipped stems.
COMB-DIBBINGG TIME
To avoid troubit with frozen
eombs on male birds and conse
quent la's of fertility, rnsny poul
try keepers dub, or cut, the combi
cf males that are to be saved over
as breeders — especially Leghorns,
Mmereas and other breeds that
have large combs. Summer is the
time for the Job. and it Is beat
to do it while males are about half
grown Ordinarily tailor shears may
be u»ed. One cut Is made to remove
the points and major portion of the
eomb at the base and another cut
to take off the larger portion of the
blade. A third cut removes the maj- )
or portion of the wattle. One meth- j
od of stopping the bleeding is to ;
take a feather from the bird and
lay it along the cut surface; but
the most satisfactory method is to
apply iron subsulphate to the
bleeding surface, making sure that
none of it reaches the mouth of
♦the bird, for death will result if
any is swallowed.
LIBERAL FEEDING EARNS IT
Twenty five cents earned is mora •
valuable than a dollar found. 1
Side Glances_ By Gcerge Clark
I C 1W> BY MtA SCWVtCX tWC BEG U %. PAT. OfT B |
“DonV be cross with me, lady. I don’t like selling brooms.”
IOWA BOASTS
VIRGIN LAND
Manchester, la. — (UP) — Al
though Iowa is a comparatively
young state, there exists in the
state only one sizeable tract of
virgin prairie land. All the rest
at some time, has been turned
over by the plow.
This tract of untouched prairie
is owned by Charles C. Earry, 77,
a retired farmer here. And al
though he owns 40 additional
acres of some of the moot fertile
land in Iowa, his 80-acre plot of
prairie land is prized most of all.
The land was purchased by
Barry’s father from the federal
government in 1856 for $1.25 an
acre. Barry still possesses the
original grant, a sheepskin deed
bearing the signature of President
Jamas Buchanan.
prairie is tillable and high
ly fertile, but never was cultivated
because it was located a mile dis
tant from the remainder of the
farm, Barry said.
Teachers Carry on
Despite Lack of Pay
Lorain. Ohio. —(UP)— Undaunt
ed by the fact that their salaries
are unpaid and most of their re
serve funds tied up in closed
banks, Lorain school teachers are
turning to a variety of methods
of making their living expenses.
Several have gone back to the
farm; mank have their own back
yard gardens; two teachers are rais
ing bees; two are writing fiction;
one man is managing a summer re
sort concession.
Still another sells ping-pong
balls and tables, made by him
self; Several are giving private
music lessons and tutoring back*
ward pupils.
-»♦
Texas Junk Dealers
Find Beer Bottle Profit
Austin, Tex. —(UP)— Junk deal
ers in Texas are finding new
profits in old bottles, green er
brown, of the “beer” type.
The new 3.2 beer, as yet illegal
in Texas, has created an acute
demand in the brewery cities of
New Orleans and St. Louis. The
old brown bottles that once went
to the ash can now are worth 25
to 35 cents per dozen in Texas.
Most of the beer bottles col
lected in Texas are sent to San
Antonio or Tyler by the junk
dealers, where they are sorted and
shipped to out-of-state brewers.
Missouri Plans Memorial
Park for Gen. Pershing
Laclede, Mo. —(UP)— Plans for
a national military park in honor
of Gen. John J. Pershing are be
ing pui forward here, the coldier’s
boyhood home.
Congressman Lozier from this
district has introduced a bill into
the House of Representatives ap
propriatingg money for such a
memorial. I
A Simian Lullaby
_,mwarnuii *j<inr^i—n
This tender, intimate scene, starring Mother Nanette and Baby Tommy,
is from the Simian quarters of the circus which recently opened a run
in New York. There is an almost human expression on the face of
the baby ape as lie glanet3 half-fearfully at the camera.
$1 a Year Chaplair.s Will
Stick to Hospital Jobs
Newington, Conn. —(UP1— Al
though the salaries they were
paid by the government as chap
lains at the United Stairs Veter
ans Hospital here have been elim
inated, Rev. Raymond Cun
ningham. rector of the Trinity
np.scopa’ rhurch, and F.uLbi Ab
raham J. Feldman of the Cor.
srtgotion £eth Israel, will con
t rrue work.
A few mon.hs ago the cal cries
were reduced 13 dm rent under
a general reduction made by tho
government. Beth men said they
would struggle along without thr
government pay.
The original ca'.ary was $1 a
year.
-*♦- -
Her One Chance.
Prom Tne Humorist.
Mabel: It was quite thrilling at
the movies. A man proposed to me
in the dark—a perfect stranger.
Marie: Really! And when is the
wedding?
Nearly 80 noo ooo 000 kilowatt
hours of electrical power were pro
duced in the United HUtw U» Hi27.
I
TALES OF REAL DOGS _ By Albert P. Terhune
WALLACE: GLASGOW'S IMMOR
TAL “FIRE DOG”.
He looked like a red-brown collie,
shaggy and alert. But then he look
ed more or less like several other
kinds of dog. His breed doesn't
matter. If he was of mongrel blood,
he was also of uncannily clever
brain and hero heart.
To many thousand people he was
known lovingly as "The Glasgow
Fire-Dog." He died many years ago,
but his fame still survives. I heard
and read of him, often, when I was
younger. My most recent and most
dramatic account of himeomes from
John McChesney, noted sportsman
and dog-lover, of the fire-dog's
strange story:
His name was Wallace. At least,
that was the name he bore with
honor during much of his life. No
body knows where he came from
nor who first owned him. His his
tory begins on a hot day in 1896,
when he strolled into the Central
Fire Hall, on College Street, in
Glasgow, Scotland, and lay down
under the nearest engine.
He did not slink into the place,
but behaved as if he belonged there
and as if the cool floor under the
engine were his regular bed. He
had the air of a dog that has come
home.
But the firemen could not see it
that way. The dog was hauled out
from beneath the engine, by the
scuff of his neck, and was kicked
into the street.
In less than a minute he was
bock again. With a reproachful
glance at the fireman who had
ejected him, he curled up once more
under his chosen engine.
That was all the good it did him.
For another fireman hit him over
the head and kicked him once more
into the roadway. And, once more,
he was back beneath the engine in
less than no time.
After this performance of evic
tion and return had been repeated
five times, the firemen got tired of
such violent exercise on such a hot
day, and they let the dog lie undis
turbed.
a lew minutes later, came an
alarm of fire. It was a dangerous
blaze. All the engines dashed out in
respond to the call. On the first
of them rode dhief Patterson, the
head and the idol of the Glasgow
fire-fighters.
Patterson noticed a red-brown
dog galloping directly in front of
his engine's horses (it was before
the day of motor fire-engines), and
trying to clear the way for the
team. The dog barked at the top
of his lungs, and kept rushing at
such bystanders as did not get out
of the way of the engines as fast as
he thought they should.
After the fire was put out and
the engines started back for the
hall, the same dog led the proces
sion, and once more made valiant
efforts to clear the way for it. Chief
Patterson was amused at the odd
sight. He made inquiries.
Then he decreed that the dog
should be allowed to remain as a
guest of the department and to
sleep under the Number One En
gine which he had chosen as his
bed. By a vote of the firemen the
newcomer was named "Wallace," in
J honor of Scotland’s national hero.
That was the beginning of Wal
lace’s long career as a fire dog. Pat
erson had noted that in leading
the engines and trucks home from
the conflagration he had not once
looked back, and yet had gone di
rectly to the fire-hall. Presently, an
■ other and more notable thing was
observed about Wallace.
"j avrmc iiibtnict ne seemea
to know just where every fire
was. The moment the alarm sound
ed, night or day, the dog was on his
feet and was galloping ahead of the
engines and trucks straight toward
the scene of the blaze.
This odd twist of intelligence on
his part has never been explained
so far as I can find out. For he did
not wait to see which direction the
engines would take. Always, he led
them where they should go. The
firemen grew to regard him with
something like awe, because of this
odd trait of his. They treated him
with affection and with almost de
ference, and they sang his praises
everywhere.
Soon, word of Wallace’s peculiar
cleverness reached the newspapers.
Reporters came to watch him and
to note his behavior when fire
alarms were turned in. His praises
were sounded in one paper after an
other, throughout Great Britain.
He was a national figure.
He was civil to his many visitors
and to the horde of curios folks
who tried to make friends with him
at fires. But always he stood on his
dignity with everyone who was not
a fireman. He seemed to recognize
his fellow-workers as the only peo
ple with whom a self-respecting
fire dog could decently make
friends.
He acknowledged no one man as
his master, nor would he accept
any fire fighter’s house as his home.
He belonged under his own engine,
and there he stayed between alarms.
It was not long before he proved
to the departmnt, and to all Glas
gow. that he was earning his keep.
Many a time, in those days, engines
find trucks were held up on the way
to a conflagration by dense flocks of
sheep which jammed the narrow
streets, from side to side, on their
Journey to the various market
places.
Wallace solved this problem with
ease. Running far in front of the
foremost engine, he would charge
Into these milling and bleating
flocks. In a moment or so he would
clear a path amid their crowded
ranks wide enough for his belov
ed engine drivers to gallop through
without incurring damage suits for
killed sheep.
Many a destructive fire did he en
able the engines to put out by th*
saving of the oldtime delays. Nw
longer were the close-packed
throngs of sheep a menace to timr
and to property.
Once, as the engines were rush
ing to a fire at full speed, a blind
man was crossing a street directly
in front of them. In his confusion,
(he man had started arross from
the curb at precisely the wrong
moment.
Wallace whizzed forward, grab
bing the blind man by the coat-talk
and dragging him by main force
back to the sidewalk. This before
any of the horrified bystander*
could come to the victim's rescue.
The dog pulled him to safely, al
most from under the very hoofs ul
the galloping fire horses.
The panic-stricken blind man
thought he was attacked by a sav
age deg. As they reached the eurfc
he beat Wallace cruelly over the
head and body with the heavy stick
he carried.
If the blows had been struck by
any ordinary person, the dog would
have been at his throat in on in
stant. But he seemed to understand
that this man was helpless and
£tr cken. He did not resent the heal
ing, but scampered back to hi*
place at the head of th? engines.
For this heroic deed, a gold
medal was awarded to him by the
Royal Humane Society, one of sev
eral hero medals earned by Wallace
in his years as a fire dog.
Also, as the dog’s feet grew ten
der from much galloping over hard
pavements, a Glasgow shoe make*
fitted him for a full set of soft
boots. These he wore with gresi
pride lor the rest of his long Hie.
I could tell you many more
things about the Immortal fire dog:
But I think I have shown his rigbfc
to a place \n our series.
Lives of Twins Follow
Same Course of Event*
Springfield, Mo, — (UP) — Mrs.
Mary Margaret White of Sprinr
field and Mrs. Letha Jane Etta,
Nocona, Texas, are twins 91 yeus
old. Uowever, the similarity ex
tends beyond birth dates.
For 91 years the lives of the twn
women have been identical. Both
took the same courses at schah
and made almost Identical grades.
They both married about the same
time and both have 10 children.
Both are widows, their husband*
djing within a few months c£
each other.
About eight months ago Mr*.
Etter fell and fractured her
hip. Recently Mrs. White fell and
suffered an identical fracture.
Both women are nearly blind
from age. Both tell their friend*
they expect to die about the $amr>
time. ,, •
if'
Smart Sports Attire
r
A striped wool sweater in bright
colors with pique trim and tucks sets
off this sports costume worm tf
Patricia Ellis, sereen player. Tbs*
■ l.irt is white pique and the hat
gloves are o/ linen.
Weekly Publications’
Postage to Be Increased
Ottawa, Ont. — (UP) — Ncwspa- I
pers and periodicals published
oftener than once a week will re- |
quire increased postage graduated
••cording to their advertising
sjtncf*. under an amendment to
tfce Post Office Act, proposed by
Rime Minister Richard B. Ben
nett.
The present rate is one cent ft
pound for all such newspapers
and period cals transmitted nywe
than 40 miki. After the space
devoted to advertising exceeds B
per cent the rate will increase im
two cents a pound. When Uaa
advertising i pace exceeds 30 per
cent but less than 50 per cent, Lbr
rate will be three cents, and tram
50 per cent up the rate will stand
at four cents a pound.
The four-eyed minnow, found fee
rivers and lakes of tropical Ameri
ca, has an upper and lower rye a*
each side of its haul.
— -- ■ -
Tiler,, are 3X8,854 telephones la
Germany, or live phones to rveiji
hundred persons in the country.
